The Age of Exploration€¦ · Chapter 1, Card 1 Martin Hargreaves ... CHAPTER 3: Portuguese...
Transcript of The Age of Exploration€¦ · Chapter 1, Card 1 Martin Hargreaves ... CHAPTER 3: Portuguese...
The
Age
of
Expl
orat
ion
Timeli
ne Ca
rds
Subj
ect M
atte
r Exp
ert
J. Chri
s Arnd
t, PhD
, Dep
artme
nt of
Histor
y, Jam
es Ma
dison
Unive
rsity
Illus
trat
ion
and
Phot
o Cre
dits
Title
Age F
otosto
ck/S
uperS
tock
Chap
ter 1,
Card
1 Ma
rtin H
argrea
ves
Chap
ter 1,
Card
2 Al
bum/
Oron
oz/S
upers
tock
Chap
ter 1,
Card
2 “P
ortra
it of M
arco P
olo (1
254–
1324
), by D
olfino
/ Bib
liotec
a Naz
ionale
, Turin
, Italy
/ Br
idgem
an Im
ages”
Chap
ter 3,
Card
3 De
Agos
tini /
Supe
rStoc
kCh
apter
3, Ca
rd 4
Vasco
da Ga
ma la
nds a
t Koz
hikod
e (Ca
licut,
India
), May
20, 1
498/
Pictur
es fro
m Hi
story/
Bridg
eman
Imag
esCh
apter
3, Ca
rd 5
Chris
tian G
oupi/
age f
otosto
ck/S
uperS
tock
Chap
ter 4
, Card
7 Du
stin M
acka
yCh
apter
4, Ca
rd 8
Signin
g of Tr
eaty
of To
rdesil
las be
twee
n Spa
in an
d Por
tugal,
June
7, 14
94/D
e Ago
stini
Pictur
e Libr
ary/G
. Dag
li Orti
/Brid
gema
n Ima
ges
Chap
ter 5,
Card
9 Jac
ob W
yatt
Chap
ter 5,
Card
10 S
hari D
arley
Griffi
ths
Chap
ter 5,
Card
11 T
yler P
ack
Chap
ter 5,
Card
12 A
vi Ka
tzCh
apter
5, Ca
rd 13
Jam
es Jo
hnso
nCh
apter
6, Ca
rd 14
Map
tracin
g Mag
ellan
’s worl
d voy
age,
once
owne
d by C
harle
s V, 1
545 (
vellu
m) by
Battis
ta Ag
nese
(151
4–64
)/Joh
n Cart
er Bro
wn Li
brary,
Brow
n Univ
ersity
, RI, U
SA/B
ridge
man I
mage
sCh
apter
6, Ca
rd 14
Ferd
inand
Mag
ellan
(148
0–15
21)/P
icture
s from
Hist
ory/
Bridg
eman
Imag
esCh
apter
7, Ca
rd 15
Ang
ela Pa
dron
Chap
ter 7,
Card
16 M
arti M
ajor
Chap
ter 7,
Card
17 D
aniel
Hugh
esCh
apter
7, Ca
rd 18
Brya
n Beu
sCh
apter
8, Ca
rd 19
Erik
a Bair
dCh
apter
8, Ca
rd 20
“Lif
ting o
f the S
iege o
f Pon
diche
rry, 1
748,
engra
ved 1
789 a
fter w
ork by
Antoi
ne Lo
uis
Franc
ois Se
rgent-
Marce
au (1
751–
1847
) / Pr
ivate
Colle
ction
/ The
Stap
leton
Colle
ction
/ Br
idgem
an Im
ages”
Chap
ter 9,
Card
21 J
apan
: Deji
ma Is
land,
with
Dutch
flag f
lying
. Chro
molith
ograp
h of a
paint
ing by
Joha
n Ma
urits
(180
7–18
74)./
Pictur
es fro
m Hi
story/
Bridg
eman
Imag
esCh
apter
9, Ca
rd 22
Sco
tt Ha
mmon
dCh
apter
10, C
ard 23
Durga
Bern
hard
ISBN: 978-1-68380-067-5
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THE AGE OF EXPLORATION
CHAPTER 1: The Spice Islands
Big Question: According to the author, how did the search for the Spice Islands change history?
During the Middle Ages (400s–1400s), the people of Europe relied on spices to preserve and flavor their food. These spices could be obtained only through the Arab spice trade.
THE AGE OF EXPLORATION
CHAPTER 1: The Spice Islands
Big Question: According to the author, how did the search for the Spice Islands change history?
Between 1271 and 1295, Venetian Marco Polo traveled throughout Asia with his father and brother. He later wrote of his experiences, providing inspiration to future explorers. This illustration of Venice is from Polo’s book.
THE AGE OF EXPLORATION
CHAPTER 3: Portuguese Exploration
Big Question: Why do you think Portugal is described as a seagoing pioneer?
In 1488, Bartolomeu Dias rounded Africa’s Cape of Good Hope. This made him the first European to sail from Europe to the Indian Ocean.
Mediterranean Sea
S A H A R A D E S E R T
Cape Bojador
Cape of Good Hope
Mozambique
Mombasa
Lisbon
Malindi
Iberian
Peninsula
20°W 40°E
AFRICA
Portugal
INDIANOCEAN
ATLANTICOCEAN
Beira
Maputo Bay
Mad
agas
car
Early Portuguese Exploration
0° 20°E
40°S
20°N
40°N
0°
20°S
Dias (1487–1488)Key
da Gama (1497–1499)
Gulf of Guinea
N
S
EW
0 1,000 miles
Equator
THE AGE OF EXPLORATION
CHAPTER 3: Portuguese Exploration
Big Question: Why do you think Portugal is described as a seagoing pioneer?
In 1497, Vasco da Gama rounded the Cape of Good Hope and sailed to India, the first European to do so.
Mediterranean Sea
S A H A R A D E S E R T
Cape Bojador
Cape of Good Hope
Mozambique
Mombasa
Lisbon
Malindi
Iberian
Peninsula
20°W 40°E
AFRICA
Portugal
INDIANOCEAN
ATLANTICOCEAN
Beira
Maputo Bay
Mad
agas
car
Early Portuguese Exploration
0° 20°E
40°S
20°N
40°N
0°
20°S
Dias (1487–1488)Key
da Gama (1497–1499)
Gulf of Guinea
N
S
EW
0 1,000 miles
Equator
THE AGE OF EXPLORATION
CHAPTER 3: Portuguese Exploration
Big Question: Why do you think Portugal is described as a seagoing pioneer?
In 1500, Pedro Alvares Cabral happened upon present-day Brazil and claimed the land for Portugal.
PACIFIC OCEAN
Gulf of Guinea
INDIANOCEAN
ATLANTIC OCEAN
AFRICA
Portugal
CanaryIslands
Cape VerdeIslands
Cape of Good Hope
N
S
EW
Cabral’s Expedition
Cabral’s route
20°E20°W40°W60°W80°W
Brazil
100°W120°W 0° 40°E 60°E
40°S
40°S
20°S
20°S
0°
NORTH AMERICA
SOUTH AMERICA
THE AGE OF EXPLORATION
CHAPTER 3: Portuguese Exploration
Big Question: Why do you think Portugal is described as a seagoing pioneer?
During the early 1500s, Portugal established a powerful presence in Africa, primarily on the east coast (Swahili Coast) of the continent.
AFRICA
India
China
AUSTRALIA
INDIANOCEAN
N
S
EW
Portuguese in�uence and trade
Portugal
ATLANTIC OCEAN East Indies
(Indonesia)
Portugal’s Trade Empire
0 1,000 miles
The Spice Islands(Maluku Islands)
Mediterranean Sea
Arabian
Peninsula
Swahili Coast
THE AGE OF EXPLORATION
CHAPTER 4: Christopher ColumbusWith the financial backing of Spain’s King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella, Christopher Columbus sailed west in 1492, believing that he would reach the East Indies.
Big Question: Why do you think Columbus kept a secret log?
THE AGE OF EXPLORATION
CHAPTER 4: Christopher Columbus
Big Question: Why do you think Columbus kept a secret log?
In 1494, Portugal and Spain signed the Treaty of Tordesillas, which divided newly explored territories between the two nations.
THE AGE OF EXPLORATION
CHAPTER 5: A Spanish Empire and Its Critics
Big Question: How did European explorers and colonists treat the indigenous people of the Americas?
After Columbus, other Spanish expeditions explored the Americas, including expeditions led by Juan Ponce de León, Hernando de Soto, and Francisco Vázquez de Coronado.
THE AGE OF EXPLORATION
CHAPTER 5: A Spanish Empire and Its Critics
Big Question: How did European explorers and colonists treat the indigenous people of the Americas?
In 1513 Vasco Núñez de Balboa and 190 of his men became the first Europeans to reach the South Sea (today called the Pacific Ocean).
THE AGE OF EXPLORATION
CHAPTER 5: A Spanish Empire and Its Critics
Big Question: How did European explorers and colonists treat the indigenous people of the Americas?
Between 1519 and 1522, Spanish soldiers under the command of conquistador Hernán Cortés conquered the Aztec Empire in present-day Mexico.
THE AGE OF EXPLORATION
CHAPTER 5: A Spanish Empire and Its Critics
Big Question: How did European explorers and colonists treat the indigenous people of the Americas?
Between 1531 and 1533, Spanish soldiers under the command of conquistador Francisco Pizarro conquered the Inca Empire in present-day Peru.
THE AGE OF EXPLORATION
CHAPTER 5: A Spanish Empire and Its Critics
Big Question: How did European explorers and colonists treat the indigenous people of the Americas?
Bartolomé de Las Casas’s 1542 book The Devastation of the Indies: A Brief Account helped turn Spain’s king against that country’s encomienda system.
THE AGE OF EXPLORATION
CHAPTER 6: Magellan’s Voyage
Big Question: How important was it for explorers to have finally circumnavigated the globe?
In September 1522, the 18 survivors of Ferdinand Magellan’s three-year expedition became the first Europeans to circumnavigate the globe.
THE AGE OF EXPLORATION
CHAPTER 7: England Explores and Colonizes
Big Question: How did European exploration of the Americas lead to settlement and colonization?
From the 1400s through the 1750s, Europeans sought a Northwest Passage through North America to the Pacific Ocean.
THE AGE OF EXPLORATION
CHAPTER 7: England Explores and Colonizes
Big Question: How did European exploration of the Americas lead to settlement and colonization?
In 1497, John Cabot became one of the first Europeans to seek the Northwest Passage. He reached a “new found land” in what is now Canada.
THE AGE OF EXPLORATION
CHAPTER 7: England Explores and Colonizes
Big Question: How did European exploration of the Americas lead to settlement and colonization?
Between 1577 and 1580, Sir Francis Drake robbed other ships’ treasures to give to Queen Elizabeth I of England.
THE AGE OF EXPLORATION
CHAPTER 7: England Explores and Colonizes
Big Question: How did European exploration of the Americas lead to settlement and colonization?
In 1607, England established its first permanent colony in North America at Jamestown in what became Virginia.
THE AGE OF EXPLORATION
CHAPTER 8: France and the Fur Trade
Big Question: The French and the English had different approaches to settlement in North America. In what ways were they different?
Between 1604 and 1610, Samuel de Champlain established colonies in New France in what is now Canada.
THE AGE OF EXPLORATION
CHAPTER 8: France and the Fur Trade
Big Question: The French and the English had different approaches to settlement in North America. In what ways were they different?
In addition to competing for colonies in North America, France and England also competed for trade in India.
THE AGE OF EXPLORATION
CHAPTER 9: Dutch Trade
Big Question: How did the death of a king affect the Spice Trade?
After the death of Portugal’s king in the early 1600s, control of the Spice Islands and other Portuguese holdings shifted to the Dutch.
THE AGE OF EXPLORATION
CHAPTER 9: Dutch Trade
Big Question: How did the death of a king affect the Spice Trade?
In 1609, Henry Hudson searched for the Northwest Passage for the Netherlands.
THE AGE OF EXPLORATION
CHAPTER 10: Slavery
Big Question: How did the Age of Exploration lead to the development of the slave trade?
During the 1600s, enslaved Africans were brought to the Americas to work on the sugar plantations.