The Age The Age of of

ExploratiExplorationon1400-1400-

17501750

Exploration…Why Now? Exploration…Why Now? Six Major ReasonsSix Major Reasons

1.1.The The Renaissance SpiritRenaissance Spirit, why , why would that lead to exploration? would that lead to exploration? --Curiosity, desire for adventure Curiosity, desire for adventure and fameand fame. . --Within man the answers can Within man the answers can be found to conqueror be found to conqueror anything. (HUMANISM)anything. (HUMANISM)

2. 2. An increasing competition An increasing competition among European monarchsamong European monarchs to to be the “super nation” be the “super nation”

3. 3. Riches in Spices, Silk Riches in Spices, Silk and Porcelainand Porcelain Pepper, cinnamon, & Pepper, cinnamon, &

nutmeg. nutmeg. Used to preserve & Used to preserve &

flavor meat. flavor meat. Perfumes, cosmetics & Perfumes, cosmetics &

medicine. medicine. Desire for these came Desire for these came

from the Crusades and from the Crusades and the Silk Routethe Silk Route

4. 4. Europeans wanted to Europeans wanted to find direct access to Asia find direct access to Asia & India; Believed to be a & India; Believed to be a Northwest PassageNorthwest Passage Cut out Muslim & Cut out Muslim &

Italian middlemen Italian middlemen Need to bypass Need to bypass

Mediterranean Mediterranean

5. New 5. New Navigation Navigation TechnologyTechnology Better MapsBetter Maps -More accurate -More accurate

Ptolemy’s maps Ptolemy’s maps discovered discovered

-More durable -More durable maps made of sheep maps made of sheep skin skin

The compassThe compass made made it to Europe by the it to Europe by the 1200s, from where? 1200s, from where?

The astrolabe The astrolabe measured latitude measured latitude using angles of sun using angles of sun and starsand stars on the on the horizon; not horizon; not accurate in rough accurate in rough seas seas

The compass The compass came from came from ChinaChina

An An astrolaastrolabebe

The CaravelThe CaravelDeveloped by Developed by the Portuguesethe Portuguese but a but a combination of combination of Arab and Arab and European sail European sail design. design.

-Triangle--Triangle-shaped shaped sails sails enabled ships to enabled ships to sail against sail against windwind. .

--Multiple masts Multiple masts increased increased speedspeed. .

The Ultimate Reasons to The Ultimate Reasons to Explore….Explore….

6. 6. The Three G’sThe Three G’sGoldGoldGodGodGloryGlory

Gold Gold New Nation-States New Nation-States

of England, of England, France, Portugal France, Portugal & Spain desire & Spain desire power and a need power and a need to fill their to fill their treasuries treasuries

Needed money to Needed money to pay for their pay for their expanding expanding governments & governments & armies armies

God God After the After the

Crusades a strong Crusades a strong desire to spread desire to spread Christianity and Christianity and halt the spread of halt the spread of Islam Islam

Eventually a race Eventually a race between between Catholics & Catholics & Protestants for Protestants for New World souls New World souls

Spain took up the Spain took up the cause very early cause very early because of Queen because of Queen Isabella of SpainIsabella of Spain

Glory Glory Increases the power of the Increases the power of the

rising monarchsrising monarchs

Spain, Portugal, France, Spain, Portugal, France, Netherlands and England all Netherlands and England all wanted be the super power wanted be the super power of the era! of the era!

A chance for a country and A chance for a country and an individual to become an individual to become great. great.

Portuguese Portuguese ExplorationsExplorations

Prince Henry Prince Henry the Navigatorthe Navigator

Superstar of the Superstar of the maritime history, yet maritime history, yet he only sailed on two he only sailed on two voyages. voyages.

He financed many He financed many voyages voyages

His explorers His explorers discovered new lands: discovered new lands: Azores, Madeira Azores, Madeira Islands and the Cape Islands and the Cape Verde Islands Verde Islands

First School for Oceanic First School for Oceanic NavigationNavigation About 1418, Prince Henry About 1418, Prince Henry

started the first school for started the first school for oceanic navigation along oceanic navigation along with an astronomical with an astronomical observatory at Sagres, observatory at Sagres, Portugal. Portugal.

Sailors were trained in Sailors were trained in navigation, map-making, navigation, map-making, and astronomy and astronomy

From this school come From this school come two greats: two greats: Dias and da Gama Dias and da Gama Remains of Navigation SchoolRemains of Navigation School

Bartholomeu Bartholomeu

DiasDias14871487

Discovered the Cape of Discovered the Cape of Good Hope.Good Hope.

Vasco Vasco de Gamade Gama

In In 14971497 led four ships on an led four ships on an expedition to India. expedition to India.

Found Hindus and Muslims Found Hindus and Muslims trading extravagant jewelry, trading extravagant jewelry, fine silk, and spices fine silk, and spices

Considered a national hero Considered a national hero

in Portugalin Portugal

Spanish Spanish ExplorationsExplorations

Christopher Columbus: Discover the Christopher Columbus: Discover the “New World” in October of 1492“New World” in October of 1492

In 1492, Queen Isabella and King In 1492, Queen Isabella and King Ferdinand financed an expedition Ferdinand financed an expedition for Columbus to find a new route for Columbus to find a new route to India heading west.to India heading west.

First Voyage of Columbus First Voyage of Columbus 1492-14931492-1493

Second Voyage of Columbus Second Voyage of Columbus 1493-14961493-1496

Third Voyage of Third Voyage of

ColumbusColumbus

Fourth Voyage of Fourth Voyage of ColumbusColumbus

Portuguese Portuguese ExplorationsExplorations

Take the lead in finding routes and new landsTake the lead in finding routes and new lands

•So why aren’t the people speaking mostly So why aren’t the people speaking mostly Portuguese in the Western Hemisphere? Portuguese in the Western Hemisphere?

•Because Spain and Portugal wanted to protect Because Spain and Portugal wanted to protect their claims in America and they agreed to call their claims in America and they agreed to call on the Pope for help.on the Pope for help.

BUT… it backfires on Portugal!BUT… it backfires on Portugal!

Whose Land Was It?Whose Land Was It? In 1494 Pope In 1494 Pope

Alexander VI draws Alexander VI draws an imaginary line an imaginary line in the Atlantic in the Atlantic Ocean Ocean from the from the North Pole to the North Pole to the South Pole called South Pole called the the line of line of demarcationdemarcation in thein the Treaty of Treaty of TordesillasTordesillas

Spain to control Spain to control west territories; west territories; Portugal to control Portugal to control east territories.east territories.

Boldest Undertaking of the Age!Boldest Undertaking of the Age! First Circumnavigator of the Globe First Circumnavigator of the Globe Ferdinand MagellanFerdinand Magellan Sponsored by Spain, the Portuguese explorer set Sponsored by Spain, the Portuguese explorer set

out to find a western route to India in 1519 with out to find a western route to India in 1519 with five ships five ships

Charted a narrow waterway named Strait of Charted a narrow waterway named Strait of Magellan which enabled sailors to cross to Pacific Magellan which enabled sailors to cross to Pacific Ocean.Ocean.

Magellan killed in a small skirmishMagellan killed in a small skirmish in the Philippines. in the Philippines.

Crew eventually reached Spain in 1522 with Crew eventually reached Spain in 1522 with only 18 survivors remaining.only 18 survivors remaining.

Henry HudsonHenry HudsonDutch sponsored, English Dutch sponsored, English

explorerexplorer Made four voyages to Made four voyages to

the new world the new world Claimed much of Claimed much of

modern day Canada and modern day Canada and eastern North America eastern North America for Netherlands for Netherlands

The Dutch will settle in The Dutch will settle in the New York City and the New York City and Hudson River area.Hudson River area.

Jacques Jacques Cartier 1534-Cartier 1534-

3535 French French

Explorer Explorer Explored Explored

around the St. around the St. Lawrence River Lawrence River

Gave France its Gave France its first land claim first land claim in the New in the New WorldWorld

French explorer and navigator who mapped much of northeastern North America and started a settlement in Quebec

Samuel de Champlain

English ExplorersJohn Cabot - 1497

-Sent by King Henry VII -Sent by King Henry VII --Explored lands in Explored lands in NewfoundlandNewfoundland -His discovery gives -His discovery gives England the claim to England the claim to most of Eastern North most of Eastern North America.America.

Land Claims in the Land Claims in the AmericasAmericas

By 1675, By 1675, Spain, Spain, France, France, Britain, Britain, and and Portugal Portugal possessed possessed sizable sizable overseas overseas empires. empires. Trade Trade ships ships carried carried goods goods between between Europe Europe and the and the Americas Americas and and Africa.Africa.