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The Age of Absolutism and Revolution The Emergence of Modern Governments

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The Age of Absolutism 1650 - 1789 Begins with the reign of Louis XIV of France Enlightenment ideas challenge absolutism Ends with Revolution

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What is Absolutism? A purposeful attempt by rulers to control all aspects of life in the lands they ruled. Based on the Divine right of kings God appointed all monarchs to rule therefore they can rule as they see fit

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Characteristics of Absolutism 1. Divine Right of Kings 2. Unlimited power and control Centralized government Controls all decisions, taxes, religion, laws Fights wars to expand territory High taxes allow them to build fancy palaces 3. Stable government

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Tokugawa Ieyesu Japan Came to power by defeating other daimyo 1. Forces them to live part time in Tokyo to limit power and prevent alliances 2. Closes Japan to foreigners Prohibits Japanese travel 3. Stops foreign trade Encourages internal trade and manufacturing

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Tokugawa Ieyesu Japan Japan is isolated for 250 years Americans force Japan to open ports Japan modernizes with the help of Europeans and Americans

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Louis XIV France 1643 The Sun King Becomes king at age four Rules 72 years France becomes the most powerful country in Europe Builds the Palace of Versailles All European rulers want to be like Louis Letat cest moi

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Louis XIV France 1. Limits the power of the nobles, forces them to live at Versailles 2. Ends religious tolerance Cancels the Edict of Nantes Huguenots were forced to convert or leave 3. Most powerful military Fights the Thirty Years War Weakens his rival, the Holy Roman Empire Bankrupts France

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Louis XIV Everyone wants to be like Louis

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Louis XIV France Expands French territory Creates colonies in North America and the Caribbean Expands trade and industry Lavish spending puts France in major debt Montreal Illinois New Orleans Martinique

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Versailles Palace France

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Peter the Great Russia Becomes Czar age 10 Wants to be like Louis XIV/France Travels to Europe to study shipbuilding, government and trade Goal: Modernize Russia How?

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Peter the Great Russia 1. Modernizes the army and navy, fights wars to expand territory 2. Adds ports on the Baltic Sea (north) and Black Sea in the south. 3. Creates a new capital St. Petersburg

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Peters Palace

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Peter Rules Absolutely 1. Forces the nobles to live in St. Petersburg 2. Reforms the government 3. Changes social customs and clothing

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Nobility are given land in exchange for service- Feudalism Changes social customs Western clothing Outlaws beards Women could be seen in public Peter the Great Russia

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Absolutism Stay tuned for more fun!

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England Englands monarch was not Absolute Why?

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England Magna Carta 1215 Limited the kings power 1629 Parliament gains more power How?

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Parliament Creates the Petition of Right The king could not: 1. Tax without permission 2. Declare martial law 3. Board soldiers in private homes during peacetime 4. Imprison without trial

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Englands Civil War Charles I Fights with Parliament over limits on power, religion English Civil War 1642 Royalists v- Roundheads (Puritans) Puritans win Puritan leaders accuse Charles I of treason and execute him 1649 Oliver Cromwell loses support over kings beheading cannot create a stable government England returns to a monarchy 1660

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England Parliament wins the power to choose the king, no longer hereditary 1700s Constitutional Government Parliament gains most power Limits kings powers Landowners elect government leaders Government is led by the Prime Minister

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The Enlightenment An intellectual movement centered in France and England Truth based on logical thinking Criticize society Attack the Church, the slave trade, government, taxes and war. Believe in natural law Powers of the government should be shared by the people

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The Enlightenment England Thomas Hobbes - England Social contract theory People are selfish and greedy give up their rights in return for safety Only government can create a peaceful, orderly society

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The Enlightenment England John Locke People have natural rights Government exists to protect your rights NEVER give up your natural rights: Life, Liberty, and Property Rulers cannot limit natural rights People have the right to overthrow their government if it does not protect their rights

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The Enlightenment France Baron de Montesquieu Checks and balances Separation of powers strengthened Englands government His ideas are found in the U.S. Constitution

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The Enlightenment France Voltaire Against intolerance by the Catholic Church Supported individual liberty, free speech, thought, religion Attacked superstition, prejudice, bigotry, oppressive government

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The Enlightenment Rousseau People are born naturally good Environment, education, and laws corrupt them Popular sovereignty Government by the people Opposed strong government Mary Wollstonecraft Equality & womens rights