The Age of Absolutism• The 15th and 16th Centuries marked a

period of strong monarchies and the birth of nation states.

• Ferdinand and Isabella expelled the Muslims from Spain.

• Charles V was a grandson of Ferdinand and Isabella. Also heir to the Hapsburg lands and Holy Roman Empire.

• Charles V fought for control of Italy.

Charles V Holy Roman Emperor• Charles V fought against the Protestants in

central Europe.• His greatest rival was Suleiman of the

Ottoman Empire attacked Vienna in 1529 .• Charles V gave up his empires and entered

a monastery in 1556.• Ferdinand I became the Holy Roman

Emperor and Philip II gained control of the Netherlands, Spain, and most of Italy. ( Bourbons vs Hapsburgs)

Philip II• Philip was a hard worker, devout, and

an absolute monarch.• He built an isolated somber palace

outside Madrid called the Escorial.• Philip believed he ruled by the divine

right of God.• He saw himself as a guardian of the

Catholic Church. • He was a defender of the church.

The Wars of Philip II• Philip II naval forces led by Don Juan

his half - brother and the Italians defeated the Muslims at the battle of Lepanto.

• Philip II tried to convert the Protestants of the Netherlands resulted in riots.

• Northern Netherlands declares its independence.

• Philip II sends the Armada in 1588.

The Spanish Armada • The Armada fails to conquer England

due to Dutch ships, better weapons on the English ships, and storms.

• The Duke of Alba is Philip II’s cruel enforcer in the Netherlands.

• The Siglo de Oro - A great period of Spanish Arts. ( 1550 - 1650 )

• Painters - El Greco and Diego Velazquez.

• Writers - Cervantes - Don Quixote

The Economic Decline of Spain • In the 1600s Spain began a long decline

into isolation. • Costly overseas wars drained the

wealth of Spain. • Gold from the Americas led to the

neglect of business and industry.• The government taxed the small middle

class, and expelled all the Jews.• Inflation from huge amounts of gold.

Quiz Chapter 17 Spain • 1. What two rulers expelled the Muslims and the

Jews from Spain in 1492?• 2. Who were the Austrian rulers of the Holy

Roman Empire and the Netherlands?( family name )

• 3. The author of Don Quixote was?• 4. Name three of the countries or areas that

Charles V controlled or ruled?• 5. Who was Charles V great eastern rival?• 6. What city did he ( the rival ) almost conquer in

1555?

Quiz Chapter 17 Spain • 7. What did Charles V do at the height of his

career? explain• 8. Who became the next Holy Roman Emperor?• 9. Who became the King of Spain?• 10. Name three areas of the world that this new

king of Spain controlled or ruled.• 11. What was the name of this kings famous

palace?• 12. Define absolute monarch -• 13. What religious institution did the King of

Spain use to try to to convert Protestants?

Quiz Chapter 17 Spain • 14. What huge sea battle was fought for control

of the Mediterranean Sea in 1571?• 15. What was the section of the Spanish empire

that revolted against Spanish rule?• 16. What did Philip II send to conquer England

in 1588?• 17. What is the period from 1550 - 1650

sometimes called in Spanish history?• 18. Who were the two great painters of this time?• 19. Give two reasons why Spanish power

declined.

Quiz Chapter 17 Spain • 20 What European country replaced Spain as the

most powerful?• Extra Credit - What two religions began or

originated in India?