The Adaptability of Populist Discourse: Greece and Finland in Comparison
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The Adaptability Of Populist Discourse
GREECE AND FINLAND IN COMPARISON
Paris Aslanidis (University of Macedonia) Tuukka Ylä-Anttila (University of Helsinki)
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INTRODUCTION Populism as reaction to (sense of) crisis
(Post)-2008 crisis affected European countries differently
Similarities & differences in populist mobilizations across Europe
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GDP / capita
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debt / GDP
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UNEMPLOYMENT
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FINNISH POLITICS
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10
20
30
40
50
60
70
1987 1991 1995 1999 2003 2007 2011
Conservatives
Soc. Dem.
Rural/Finns
Centre
Left
Greens
Swedish
Christian D.
Others
Seats in parliament, 1987–
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GREEK POLITICS
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20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
1989 I 1989 II 1990 1993 1996 2000 2004 2007 2009 2012 I 2012 II
ND
SYRIZA
PASOK
ANEL
XA
DIMAR
KKE
LAOS
Others
Seats in parliament, 1989–
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POPULISM “[A]n ideology that considers society to be ultimately separated
into two homogeneous and antagonistic groups, ‘the pure people’ versus ‘the corrupt elite’, and which argues that politics should be an expression of the volonté generale (general will) of
the people.” (Mudde 2004)
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FRAMEWORK ECONOMY:
Debtors vs. creditors
POLITICS: Stable consensus vs. “populist democracy”
IDEOLOGY: The people vs. its enemies
How does enemy construction work in these different contexts?
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METHODS / DATA Content analysis
Qualitative & quantitative
In-vivo “grounded” codebook
Discursive material: blogs, speeches
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ENEMIES OF���“THE TRUE FINNS”
Domestic political elite Domestic intellectual elite
European bureaucratic elite Global banking and business elite
“Lazy Greek spenders” (and other Southerners)
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ENEMIES OF���“THE INDEPENDENT GREEKS”
Domestic political elite – lackeys European bureaucratic elite – federalists
Global banking and business elite
“German austerity fascists” NEW WORLD ORDER
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SIMILARITIES / DIFFERENCES Domestic elites accused of acting in interest of foreign enemies...
...but with stronger moral condemnation and conspiracy narrative in Greece
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ADAPTABILITY OF POPULIST DISCOURSE
The power of a simplistic Manichean good vs. evil worldview... ...but with crucial cultural qualifications