Loyola University ChicagoLoyola eCommons

Master's Theses Theses and Dissertations

1954

The Action of Digitoxin on Some of the ChemicalConstituents of the Dog MyocardiumJohn RebarLoyola University Chicago

This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Theses and Dissertations at Loyola eCommons. It has been accepted for inclusion inMaster's Theses by an authorized administrator of Loyola eCommons. For more information, please contact ecommons@luc.edu.

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-No Derivative Works 3.0 License.Copyright © 1954 John Rebar

Recommended CitationRebar, John, "The Action of Digitoxin on Some of the Chemical Constituents of the Dog Myocardium" (1954). Master's Theses. Paper861.http://ecommons.luc.edu/luc_theses/861

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ewl poe.in, A.'ft! (B0b4., 19UI lila •• 1133; .10ker, lealll

Mall:olstratJ.eOf.oar41ac&1."..148 •• 1;N~tlWl)H&JUl..1a.

8 J;"'G~ t4 ~.l con.-.o'U1'" wl ... 8OI"J."U~ lnot'WlM in ox __ .Qll~'lon 'hlokar, 19.). UD4u euh oon41'\ioa 1'0

eat\ AJfiI b r'o.,t0re4 to nor_l. In Spa_MOUe t.,11ure indued byenutbGtloe t.A ..

brM1"'t-1Wl8 ;p'GpG"tlon Il.otlo&eiJle on(u:'~u in .fO eM Uir ue ntrb

~ by l1On-toX1e 4 ... 8 ot eaMi •• 61100814 •• ,~ ... ,

1M9).

With ftl8J'd to tol." <J.oa,e Of the dl:'Q8,Ghcmaaa .eo­

~~8 (1"') ~ ...... tu1e 4f,., Gt0aJ'41M sll'ooaUos

_ --.liaA l.leertat 1D 1.., 11O" adwuloe4 _.s-. 1s Oher4l(J~

1H4 b,. e 4epl."loa or t.l10 ene~loh 1*0._" 8tor.. 01",-81th_ A!at'.in or .-beiD lntuaSOU to 4__ (0 •• _./11& .• WOU.n*,~or, 1.1) 8 -!'~ dopletion or .PO OOOUl"G With 'ttl.

onpt of ",ulouJ.~ t'llJJ<111etlon, au. 'tho AW .on_ll~ 18 an 81gxdtlosJ11:17 el~. 'l'!uI _ .. ruul't.t be". ~tOWl4 111 the

b~Wl6 prepere'lcm or 'lb. ~n pohotl44 Wltb ouabain ..

11 •

tU.soxin (lOlien~, 1948).. Xu t.he iao1~ted o8'h_~ petwJat.,

ri'tib R1npr'. aolutfion .. oon"re($t~produC1a8 doses of stro­

p.un~n oe.\WO $ &Q\ 1088 otPC et'dl .. _ a ~ .. l"e4uotloa Oft

lIi'1lf~ (O.l-Chli •• /4. $\ropbGAuu.n, waloka!*, 1_) .•

Wo ~r1_ tb.ae studt.. 1't oan be _14 tM't; a DOn.

toal0 408$ of oadlec do,,eoa14ee 4(t1eaDO' .pp_r 1;0 e,lt~ the

OQuentr-etloa at l~ on4 AJf]J b intact animel 08 wU De m t:be

non-re11,1ne llMrt-lune or 1a01.tM ~H ~.tlcm. J.~

the bcmn in .1~ber o:t theM p.-epu'tlttlou tdtJ!i suob ~ _,

.. ~k" 48p18U_ of the ueu-rlob. ~pbe,". I" appear.

t..ba1l 1l:1 ., atwi, baa tb.et'ltot,1on or U10 4l'UI ___ .t.U4184 ....

• '1M perlO4.l lQD.iS- then ..... el ho •• , with 'be uoeptloa ot K~f e WO:l'~ U ... ) ..

,I, AU.; w2tJl!Dlt~ .OlDaUII. .1I"OAiLt .. HI Ja.tl&a MM. ~ the .dt.dQls~t1'* .t DOD-~ 40 __ ~

082'4180 61YCO$ldU. tbe e~ con,-' ot~. heer\. ...... n

~ 1;0 be WJ1MlI8;M '.bbl., OhRAtU. lMO)., ' .. neset

(ftbb1'. Liebig. liMO', f# DOt elp1t:lel1lDU7 .ba~ (re.t Xl.

mura, 1948). 1B tb. M'Gpar~ta 12 ffMj.I •• Pft At;}), r:d CliP­

tod.ft 111 FOwl .. clJOOl __ .g1.. ia •• ~1ioneelU t01l ~

4.0,.. AU. .... ~n1~ ... 1 __ .\l~ _i_u.s.a tha'

tu I11Ooaen8toref1 1ft heart.. 11 ... , a,n4 akelotal IlUOla al'e

'apt.ted In c:d.mala polsQDOI v4 'h .1'"4100 ~?l."O$ld.lI. A 4eoreue

1n. tho &l1Cos:ctn OGAtent of ~ It .. ,. of n_ anA 4 ... a.ooutolr

pol.-e4 1I1\b. 4161to.d.tl out .~~nthillo 1a Q~i(l'G4 w1th

• eort-a~PQn<U.~" ~haQ 3:'1_ 1D l&otlo •• 14 lObar .. " 1940).

Ol.UCO&- IWAld'Uo .014 u.\.UlatiOA 111 ~ bUrt 1n

., fte$bl.l prGptll"et1 .8 1IIlU d 1n a .~~~~lY 4e .. w-t.1n& hf)$rt-ltLUI pre:Pfd1'e'tlOQ 18 ~~kc41J' 1OO:.r~04f at. O,>f_taat. "JOB

l~·, by c~1d C1~14ea(Q~. 1£ND. *1'a~. 1M2).

AD. ~.tKl Qt. .. of l.ooUo ae1d b~' no" PJ'r.vlo

'0014 1n on Sael.aWd ftoI; u~'" in • aa41u.m oon_ml~ 41811814

.s O~8"e(i 'b1 "_<mea (1948). ~ ."tboroonolUi484 aI.nM \be

~ ",_k. ~1n ~~oo that 'the • __ leota_ OOa8~

1a DOt ul41~, but Ie cottve~ tlo glJ't}.e~.

fbe litetJ~ UNa $l.¥~r. to 1f441o*tiO ~, 8l.JO~

u.tUlzG'Ucn ., __ ~&!M4 •. de0rM8_ •. or UD.O~. awl laOtlo

.014 u'ttW.'iOa ., be 1Dorea~ 'b1 ~Pft;t.l. ~ot OU"4SAO

81~14... .An u.~ Sa 18cUo .-t4 :p:-04UG'Um =:t be _.

peo~. pe%"Uo~~17 Ct. \exto ltfge18 of \b.O ~ de naOhl4.,

•• AIlIQis.L4ltl!i&aA ,,~lAtL_,.A!ltaUla, ~ ~1mentl!ll ~u obtainfKl 'b7 .(bdn~to1·1~

~.peutlo 40"8 ot ~l'all. em. "..,. po .... l •• <Jt1,'.n. of ...

bean an OOD'trcnre2:'slral. AlGOj tbee 1 • ..,. 4.1oe~e~7 1D. tl»

1.1t.e:ture on the o1 .. ~ GOti.'Iantot tM 11_,., in p8tlenu

"flus 'Of b.eart tallt.U--e.

13 .. A a\~ih" 4ao1" __ 01 quell1;1oDa'bl.ll .igaltl .... _ no

o~. in t:be 'POtos~tum o~ Ott til. in .. , 40C en04 lute"" Get.

Jlt.voeert\lum htl$ been ~ UWI" the aa!al .• Veii1oa ot a ~

petitio 40$. of' ~ oaft1.. 81.J'Oo..'il~. '01 ~ •• tla~

(1110) ftM 'by fIe44 (1941) napeo'i'ft1y, ~ natbp. ~.

&N no' _p~ '" Bo,,-or Gnll Folooutc'" tlNG). Who he". I"e-

1~e4 'that, ~Pft"l. 408iit1.N of 411{1ttllb hor_ •• t.. .. po..

_.ai_ .. 'Hat of tb.e ~ of lnteot oeta. 1ft ~.1r ~.

aen\8 U06'* _" ueed. a 01\\111101$ .... 4ifJltaliH4 wlthtod.o

40f.Me or4Saltolue 04 tho 40,. Of'tbe ~"1f'4t:m't. !t',bo otbe ..

• _ reoelTe4 1nve,.,~" 4.dJ.,. ~PR'l. dN&8 at 4131-

tal ... M_ 6 per1040t I to I 4$1' ••

After \he dmiQi.V,:~,.1oa 01' theJlOpwtl ...... or 4J.rJ.tal18 'tbe 1aloo4 ttM~ et ~ _ ... (1M8) bJ410ate

" loo8 .f po~l_ ftom Wle Man _ l~ 1ft a~~lIDg pr.,.. N'ion. 'tile 0S1"41" "toad_ .~ 1AtC~t ~d all'b1'

~ 1.,..._ 81'tv 't1ler.,.,Qtlo dOMS or 41elto:dD ~b1 -

t1'aJ13.e to fed 'af!J,./Pf ot-tf..h' :wi' ~(Ba&-,t IN'),, WhUe

..... C1M1) 0Wl4 40m0utl'a-..no alsnl1:1ee:h' Oh~ itt 'lbe po­

tuaSa ~"~nt1J.'l laolate4 $\;1'1,. or ~. ~r&. Ib.ue ....

tlle'l»8 ruul:t8 •• 4Utioul' to _plea .~ UDleq apeola

4Ut~ 01' ua. 4t.t;t...,. in. ~))aht1oa oen be inl'OlYM.

~ ttoBO of aieltalis Mue 8 4001"'_" 1n the po.t

••• 1_ GOnGen_a'loB or the· ~tI'1ouJ.N!t muouJ.etu:re of \be bee

l.WlG ~"1_ (\'1004 on4 ~. 1 •• ), tM "«llls.MOrn ~ beG" of ft'bbl~ (BaSB. 1939), leola,,*, .trlps Of ..... lou.J.e

muoulature of tr.ba turUe (we44. 1989). ant .t.rUte4 _"1.

(O."MU.$rA Goo4G1l. 10lf).

Jut a ~r131n& 13t8' .. n' 1t OM beu:SA the, art_ ~peut10 d~ of .:r418o IltllCOsid •• tho pottlsni. OOUt4nt a tbAt boal'"' .itt~_ ' •• u:uae •• ~~.a. or 1"er:*1D8 tJle _,WhUG

atte~ ~o 40ae thura 18 a det'iIllto 4ooftfJoe or tA1a oleotrol",e

G. M~iE ":,~.JW.lt.U&M11I."~ .1'rialWlaM_." l4R:IM1.

It \\tUlzat1oA of ea.~ 18 iltpa1re4 k 0U41M

re11un u haa 'bGen oonWdad b:r iab (1100) tb1a .,. be ~

fleeted 'b7 the action of oardfAo glyo~a14ea on tJle ~ "ot$vi­

t, az $be J\~a. aaaoo1eted With oototQ"Qfd.J1.

la utrtlot.s 81t4 ~t_ or heart muaole " haa

'Men tOWld tbat oardao sl7oOld.dos t;', ,ttl cauee • aUf!;ht. !nor$&,"

1n the rete of 4epbo.ph.~Jletion of ill.fJ.:' by oa101ua-aotlftt44

a,olSA of i .. I~K-e" '~1.1. lt5l.). BowuvifJr. 1n oariU .• O ~1(J in

the pNeeJ100 oS A~8. WhlCh 1s not octlwW bl oalcium 'i~

anA J)uio1e. lK7} t1lA etfect or oat*dlac al1OOa14.a on ~'f1fJ!

eJ)lJ:t'ttns 18 bh1b1tc.»r,._ \'hi •• ~~ ., poa~lbly be n.u., au4

lIe,.-..bot's ~o81~~otlv8Hd ~~j-e •• (l .. 94a).

A, "JliIB~,~ :ED OG' _ptU!'~_ we h."o ~ to use· therapeutlo.

ant to.z.to 408 .. Wh1ell ~ IJ~ to ~ uaet hI' Deal:'bs. ___ , 1I.e1T1ot, 8fl4 Barnes (1943)" lor 0_ alna1e ~apeu'l.

'OM, lOS' or the ~s-l lA~ 4._ (0.'f6 fIJII,./1t.S. \)047 -1P') .. uM $tld tor ~ tau, ~fipw'10 40_, U.~ of the alt.iMl

u\ba1 ... CllJD) •• aOlld.ot.er84. Aa .. ~ ~;d.o 4oM. _

'd tM iSUl ._ .~t.e4 a1:t4 u • 4ell1 '\OUO 4 ... , _ Of '\be.

liLt) .. ,1'1'_ • .. 4iSlto:.d.A .. ob'talue4 tl'om AlJbO'" Lebon .. l_ In

the lora or • ~_. 70 mala tJl.e nee ••• n aolu\ion the powaer

.. lUst 418801 .... 1a el.eohol and ~.n~' to ~ wi. _t_. ,In .• _e1~ .P'O\lP CIt uper~w .~8 nt-a

..... 1 •. O¥'C" • perl04 0:1 , ... ,.. one ~ 01 4 __ r •• lvlnG

" .1~. ~PJU'io 40ae e,l14 'lbeoUl.. 4&111 the&peuUo 400 •••

tae 1nJM~ \"IC'e &lV8 lnto "h~U8 yem ., ,. ..-,. al.olr

J-e_. fte ~la wee ~1t'lMd 1A be. fP'oupe al. 3. 6, anG

, ure ... spootlve1)' eft_ the rlrst. lAJeot1.oa.l' WU 4eol4e4

11

• .. " 8 .. 6 tap 8bCMIW be ....... 1D .~lld.nI a.rWte1V

the eft .. " ., 4161toaia OIl the elleaioal oouU .. te 01 the

hean_ JD tile -.3- ~p ot .\Util .. \'IlaD swl_ of .,.1-

met<al t\.n.u.J.a wre 8tu41Gd ~. 0DtI ~81v1u4 tlwr.pw'lo

4 .... at.d tho other ~c dOH.,. lJa,ob •• 1"'1 __ 0 ~lY1ded lato

., -lJlsl7 end cki!lr J.nJeotod~. In eaCh croup, an1:Ml.. were

.... Ule_ en. 2 ad "4.,... ooo.vo1 u.1mau wore ~ .,

8ulteblo 1n~1 ••

m."trOO0r41~ \tOft 'uen boron ~ after the

~1.tratl<M of d!g1to::d.n. Up"n 8118l.1818, 'til. tt_rt. ra't4 1a

el'\hR Wl'liMUJ.e4, AMr._ed. or r~lu the ~. al.8o ftr1eble

,_" ObIU16QS '.r" ottaene4. Both theM ~U~ are 1n

aoeonGDO.e with the lltmNtt ... (Deur~.'.a1.t 1943). &lao.

\JUt reaults ...... 0 verla1)l.f)p the dOS,. mil) l'Mord1.nse wore no'

ue4 1D the wsluatJ.oa of ~ ett~f'.tlV6nOU.

A' tJl •• p~o1>rlato tkG, tll.o ~:toes ~. __ tMtlH4

with '.5'~ nsbU~l t5 ml./q.) lDtftip ... 1\O~ ... vach •

• _ o~ ant art1tle1alre.p1l"atiQu a.p»11.. !be oh.u\ 'f.a

O~t tn. pericord!.um BIll!.'. and. tho ~, •• exclHd '1111:1

"p14l1 and d::osP84 ato .. bMlUIr t'Ule4 .a a dry 1o_t~

frlnins; au~.

a. raat!U& .I£,,, ••• J1tI!1i ~ r',r.~,Af1IllI1J.a. At'tOI' t.boX'O~ ~J.as at th& ~t .~pl.a or the

" 4

len anA l'isbt .. trlel. ..... onlppet ott aDi "p' U 8aotheJ"

~ OODtalrdq tltG ~ ab, .... .w ~ ... 01 ....

or __ 1ft blood, papU1..,. muatle. ... epI.eel'41_.

AboUt 1.0 ... eeapl.N or Mob. 'ftmwle1e _n _~1W4 out tOl'" #l11Ooeen a_bale. !ll$Be B~}1"8 ¥-. glee_ lnto a tea,

tube oGllte1n1~ 6 14. of _ )Oteosla hy4rox148 (l:;;oa). AnO-. snm _pl.. to beuod ttlr 1041_ :aD4pouulum 4.",erm1_~tona

._ »laoed lnto • 41eu't1nC 'tUM aDd .'to~ tor 18'-~

sla.

the &~l. fer ~10 .~11.1. Ofphoapb~'4 ~.o'1ona,

.,1€,,h:t.n3 aootlt 2.5 'to 5.0 ,,~, \lIB. pl_,. 1n a preoooW ~

ana poa1;.l. OOl1t.a1n~ ..~ az~' of • trlOl~ora •• t10 ~14

(fCA,) ,aM _$ Cl1<ueJ1ed, ~h17.h Ol'uatte4 UM_ .S

tU'terM tbJ'ousha pJ:lO~»bO~ :rUMr papor bto • ooJA 80 Ill.

lNd_tocl &l~$loppel-04 0111Mw. '-ae i~_8 _abel ..... -

al t.J.:!»e 'wlt.h!CA. fAG filter ,.~~~ was f~ "'''pea''''17 wubal

ut11 • 'Vol~ of tbe f'11trflte Of sb:out ~eo d. _. reeOlle4.

~ rUtrato '.-'tUB rd.lWiI _11 bl uilJd.DS. ao .Ql~

I"8OOrd.~4 end M .11(11.101 of a f~ •• _ tHen ~or lAo,S.o $loi4 -_17-

.ta, vanererred to a teet tJube t1itl.d placed ill 'lb$ 1'"atI*l£';Gr;~tQ:r

tQ'l: 1n WI" ~~~lZll.d... ~e~i*Wne~ e4i.v$ot wa thetl 1l.u.tl~Ql.l~

to pbtaH:JlptbAl.1n Wl'Wl ~ :f.:cH, 'bt'oUSh" to a vo1W18ot 50 tJa.

a. 8to~ 1n the r$fr1t;t.re~.

SiMe ttl. pbosp,ba_ ftac'"0,t~8 aro 4(1 lub1.le. it 18

.. lapol'tan' Viet 'the preportltloD OZ Ule aamplA be oomple$e4

. q:ulO}:iJ', 8M to prwenttne ~"fJl. Or __ pboOntlt.lr~e (PC).

011 operetlons ,..... cteft'ld out !A a aMP flrcaeae •• 000.

o. ""CJ\lr .. ~\lt;m!& 1. Dl9l'lllll$!i" ~ • ...I

~ t~ phosphate det.erm.1netlons t".ee _nled

on: inorsuulc pJao~te lUl, tbepho$pharus of pb,08pbooJl'u'lM

(.PC) .. erJid the pboapnOrus ot denoeine polJ:pboarJbate (.A,lJJ;i). ~

4~atloa or inorGenl0 pbOephete 1. baaod on ~ oolor re­

a.'ion of: .181::0 8tl4 Su.Wb~ (1129). fte produot1on of s akb1e

001= WbeD molyb4a:te 13 reduced 1D th~ pre"nce Of' &c1.4 lu tbe

be-:s1s to:.- tll.1$ r •• tlon.

lnm'r:Md.o phospu:te 1a prM1p1tatGd as the celclUQ

salt_ '11:J 0.2 lll1. of It 10}$ca~J 1.0 rJ... ottbe extrac' 18 $\4_

.. mixed .,11. ~ atan41ng 5 td.nu3$ at room t$L\pero'bllt"' ••

'he 8~ple 1n a.rrt~ttu€:~d forl8 m1~~~.1t.()B. 4,..&11\"". $.n4 0.& ~. ot

a.$ GaOls 1. addM. ~. pr~c1pltate ia c9ral"Ul.l1 mS$e4, re­oetJ!f1tugl3.Kt m~d 'thO eUp$1"'M tent liquid ira 1tlOfl ott_ F1 YO 4rc,.

flit 10J' HCl d16801ves til" ptt'oolpitl'te and thQ aolllt1on is dilu.ted

wl Q 418tUl.ed l'tGt:::z; t.c 3 mt.

the tol~~~ color :re~ents are udded III orfler~

0." 1'4. ot 10 B 1faSO ... o.a =1. of ~.~ ~n1w4l mlybtt&te. 0.4 ~.

of tbA'i 1~_'U'1ns ~t. !1bc oonten'ta or. 'brOUi!l!bt to oi volUll:/O at

10 d •• nixed,end etter the full 4evelQpmsrit of tho cQlor (10

• ~ .. ). u.. umpl. •• eft ~4 aaf)W' • ~ m tm. 8..,.0-. p:bO~" ., a _ve l~. of GOO _U1m1~.

!he -' ___ U of PC b 4etfeftl1lw4. uSDa ~ ___

of J';i.Ue Gli4 SWlbaHW 'lv't) .. 'OJ' GUbtl'aoUDC ·tdle v84"'" tor tM

U tJ'om • yuue ObMDe4 a8 tol.lOWIU 1.0 14. or "'e .... , 1.

bNUl~' to 3.0 ••• G •• ml. ot 10 • JIa8O" fUI4 o.a _.Of a .. ~1_ t»l.,Tb4ate eH &C44d r_,peoU'fe11. '!Ihe "'_ ie ~

.. atont ." 1'0* ~.\UH r. 10 m1au1;as 1n __ ... eUott

t. tb.b~.U ot N. __ .Od 111.0: tho re4uouc ..-" 18 a44e4, ~,,. yoluaa (,10 Ill.) __ .~ .. color ~

clevelopel. Na4aaa1n H twlfGN.

Ibe _VlM .t JAJllaM (1_) la .,pUe4 tu ,he ..

~t.iOa Of ~ UJ! tra.'s... Mala. ~ ftlu. 1M 01)_'" lq' titt.enoe. Ul1e '$'" •• new. 'lDS ft1wt MUs .. 41tt~_

M~ a. ao ldBute mol.1*'- 11~1aS. WJ4 1me Q ~_ •• 14

~.1G. .. 18t;twu oanW wt •• t~. to 1.,0 JIll.

of ••• ~~ot. 1.0 ill. ot, • a 8 BCJ. U added and. plaoecl b

• --11D6 .-- be. r_ II r.d.mItu, ~ t;ubG8 aft fJOj))l._ to ...

~tNre ot.t4 1i.be t~ .... a(l4"', 1.0 .... Of .\81', the

__ · .. urd,. 'Of ~. o~ nata_ta UMtl pr.~l't t«indas otlll

.. .. tiMl 'fOl. ... ot 10 1'41. The 801,,'loa s.e tbfm. I'ed. 1a the

.peo~pbo"'hr •• M£ore.

a. BDIItI& a. 4.'~'loD ., sl1CopJl •• 11~ 18 'bue4 _

eo •

tbe metho4 at 0004 ..... 1. (198) •• ~ ... leo» slttOOM ~boI

(1"'.. the tub., oon'ta1a1118 tM ..,1. U .. mu ta DOW

plaoG4 Sa .. -_. be .. t. e PIl"fAM o:t 1,5 ~ in ord_ to

4Ssaol.ft ~G 'laue., a.. oem __ \8 .e _en 1'11-.", ott, utDs

81aU 'WOOl, aDd bJ'Oup' ~ • YOlume 06 If) 14 • .n.,. fIl. elique_

"" taka to _1 •• 14. ot ... 1oobol S. __ 'to ,..1»1.'" •• 111OOP-. la od_ to Mya «IIiP101;e ,...lpitat1oA. \be b __

8ft. plaoed i •• __ .... beth tm4 .~ Uto_~ to • boU,. ."

\be po"''' of "111q, tnew._ U"8 ~UllaMlr 'HJt01'e4, ooole4.

oaUstuge4, .na 4niAe4 ott. two' a" 8 _11 au .. Ub,c ....

lrala toUO\lfm to 11bGft1Wt 81uooee bfoa g1~.

Attr;,z- •• ,,"11.'loD of 'he ao1utloa, 1.0 JIl. eUqtlOtIJ

..... ka ,. •• (Jl.~ 6.~'s.. ttl' the Mlaea pl'OGe4UN •

.. eH.ll all~, 1.0 111. ot " "rn,.. ~, ~ Sad4e4,

boll_ tor ... U7 • minu" .. oooJ.f!M1. one ml. or aN"­

tlOltb4ato r.g.,ladae4, ""MrI 6ft -.u. aAUea 80 1ihe t~

GOa .. _ .. ,.. dUu" to atluJ. YOlwe (I:r~IIll. Gl.4 tA_ en

l"e64aps,ut.b1eN.c h 'the .~pbo~ .. at 4\ ._ ~;tb ot

080 mUlk'dONll8. It __ ~U'4 ~u. 1$0 ol:ullOk 'the

MOQli'80Y ot the -.11818 '" a!.taulMaaou17 ~ .. "' of

.ten4e4 auooee aelu.tlou.

a. ,.,.,,»! Atlk Le.'io ulala 4.t~;.~~ &OOOl'd1ng to .. ao41tie4

_tkOi of aUler fm4 lamb (lt58). two tenths 01' • ml. of the

• tU""- 18 plaoe4 in e Ue&n, 42'1 .... , 'ubeto 111h1ob , tll. or ~. ~1; 111 a4dG4.,.,. eJ.,owl.,.. ..7<1_ af'ter thO aMl.loa

of \be 1m' a ml. , .. &zaG" ~, 18 .. ~, 1.0 l.lter

of oono.ntr .... BaSO. 18 &44 .. to 11' _. or -_. ".. ~ ~tve 1a ad484 o*, .u..tIt .qHOWlJ 8) OuSO.l ... _",,- 1.

beatel lD • boUlal _tor Nth tor • ~tee. 1m_ 0001eG -.0

'beloW SOOc in • I'WmSDS • __ lNIta. .. uopa ot 1 •• ,....,.I'C;JI-

4J.~ solution 1s 1l4dtJ4 btl ~_ the tubU ·QftWU .am. TAla I'M,,_' h Wled tor Uvi dWOl.o~t at trhe color ,...., ..

ee \ube& ee pJ.ece4 in 0 water beth ., aoOc tor a period or 30 a1autu. TIll. 1nouba'lcm 11WJ' ·be •• nted ou. 1n .... ri:.

"'mala. bel11D& • __ bflta fcUow tor a pe10d of to

aeoon4.~ Be ao1~l'loaa are eoole4 110: ~ ~tve cmI .....

Sa 'be ap$Otropho~\er a' a aye leDgth or 165 m.U.l~.

4'.~1 tb.e t1nue ~ __ ~ Otl", tor \11. el_~.

_.1,..18 ~ i11patGdebR't a ~"il In 5 ti. of CM~_.",

ao~ t.o ."e, smaU 'fOlUlll8 ,.bo\1\ lal..).

De 41gest 18 ~_n 4Uut.,. ". .. YOl.:w. of' ,II mi. .fJ1

10 111. of tbla d11ute4Mm-plo 1* UH4 tor 1me 4et4mlna'1_ of

8041_ en4 PG'.8&1d.ua la tbe Mrld.a Il.tGe.r r~ pbO~tv •

.L1th1u laotote 18 WI84 in all ~l ..... n lnM~Ml ekn4al"C1.

'~n ani IJeYu. '1949)"

A. !UAt!&a".~J9D ~,.~1I,1tI.t.U8II& ft ...... e"'1ou of' tbe pho.pb.a'- OOQpOWI14a of

eoatnl b~'t8 1. ~ in !'able X. ~J'Qd 'to \be re:.ulta or hllw:tbUS- W'bo also ._ml~ ap1oa1 t.iuue or tho lett .. _1-

ole '7 tbe __ o11cd.081 -~., the oonoentrot.1oa of lP la '

0.1 __ ~ ... :va 1$ 2.2 • ~. atKl 'ttho AilJ! 18 a., .. l~. lot' practioal purpo •• $.lt .,... ,ut ~ 18 DO _~eI

41tt_GOO. in \be'reaultia hoa,'the tw lebon_i_.

In ~b1q n ana In are :rep-orMd tl\e l"esu.1u oa tH

phosphate treo$,1ou oZ heal'~ fmal1Sed a ami *' 4818 at'.r t.be

In.3_t lon of • single thR'apeutte dose ot UGltoda. 1. •• _

of tbA't JaJ). -'blee XV ad" .~1H tt~ ft8Ulta ot \be Pllo... tft.,,1ol:uJ ot h-na flmIl~ a ond 6 48,. ftll~ \be

48117 tnj""l00 of thGl"apeutl0 40«" .. 1, the .tr~ or _eh 1n-

3M'lon MiDI 1&-' o:t the~. NoM ot \beens.-l8 .tud1. bIltft

4104 ~OH tile 'time the hur_ wen to be ~ tv aaa1rale .•

theM rNulu ere in ootl~lo"lon with' t.b.oH of

lU.Dttra (194ia) • ...., .>\\&dled uU,. dOOGS ot 41a1~ (U as./ks.) on tho Nt tor • penod, of tJlne ,.,.. with 'the lOS b.~

sa

111 •

Pl'GJUGtloa of WOllon~ (1148). 0111 _\h tbOtM ot Wet.okor . (0.-.0,01 _.1);&. aU'OpMn~) on tbe ~1._1, 18018 ....

t.ansa~r 08' ~:ra"l_,.,..... • .. Blns-'·. dutJ.ou.

(J.UI). All thtI aboft bwetiaOto1:$ _w~" ~'n~.

4_ ~ 08X"418.~14_ dO DO' ~\l4). alpUl_' 01'Aaa8-

m PO aM It.IIP tn." __ . AI _Sa polD1; .... u~ wlab .. to .-.. 'tibo taot

.... ·80 '1~ oompal"1fJ'C1'1 oan lito .m.o48 be~:fl 'Ut. Haul'. r ..

po2r~ ~ amt \boHot \be .,.lOU luwos"-Wra _'1 .....

..,.. Ia ~ 1nVO.'lIeUons. uPG'S:rIIntel 0i:m41tl-.. ...

4~' aA4 4-untio. ot upe1llenta wlth ~ _plioft of U­

___ fa ... 11 ... n.tA_ abon , ... -.1 ...... , ... ). la U.

___ Ie ~,,, 4OM&8 18 --..14""'011 klp __ ~" ~_

.,.,1_ 41:tte:r... 18 fJAe 0Bl, .P:pu'(fl~' 4Ut.... Sa ....... aul._. A_tent ... ~ ..... ~t __ iMle t. lOt ead. 11

(table D. lV. end' HDpeotlwlJ") .... Ie 414.t o~ •

. ft1a -7" _tmte4fOJt b1 v. teot tlwt • ODe' ~. old PHJCI­

"8t.iOfi of Usltoaia .. in~"Wa .sa bdl ... w., Wle 4la1-

tub Ia Mlu.1oa 1_ .... of ita ... S:n" - ---illS (SoU-n.1 .. ). AU o~ _l~'1ou __ ... ~ ~~ ~.

n 18 of IIQIl.e 1n'l_.' t.o __ tbat \he I"ish' Yu.s.

ololnalaoa't au 1M ..... 0W8 1._ <I.up 18 »e "be .. ~

... .-1010, Wllb ~ to tU 4lt't ..... MtmlMm ......

tour 4a, uS-.1.8 111 bo'til ~ •• tile tata CN· ~lo10nt ..

4tJtOOt any .1snlfl.fult ~.

In .bl_ n ad m .e ..... b .. the '981_ of tbe

p1t.oa,pbaM traoUou or Gl)er!.un:kl ~$. to .1oh a $1~.

toxie 40a. ot 4tcltoa1_. _ of JGJi. us __ .'.S,niate'rd. I\tItt

aDd to'U' 4&)'8 .t"'" ·tbe·lD.j .. "lcm ... altaala baM ____ s.-tloea. 1a Ul18 8ftUP • QQ' of '8 4~ died vd.tbln 1M 110 ... at •

.. -bls1- SnI_Uon. ACaIa \be PO traeUoa ~ " .rke4 4_~1 J,JlJI a. J:P IIboW' 81:," lu1p1tloat 1a.o:-.ae __ _ ~. ti\ e1l. ~ ..

roul.;'" are b "C~ca With tboae of CltM.\ aDA ~ .. tb.o leola ... nbbS:t ... n (191'1. 8114 _a tboee of WOll.., __ elMS). .., :t"ouad tt._ etf'Mt .t .Jtd,tel1. 4rup In tu,lo

408_ 1& thfI 4ce; bea~as prepen\loa .. won. 8. ill \he b_d

ulals •• dO .. '1") Me H ...... ,bat OOD'ft.'~ .. Sns ..... of a'WophaDt!d.a .Me Ii p_~ lou of APl? t.ll&D ;po In. tbe

1aolsted oat he,,' .~ wtth as~. _lu,&1_.

Beaulte of, to:d.o 1».3 __ '" of 4S&11iOda 61" I te,. .. nporte4ln ~1t1e mx. ~ 18 ~e4 ~J't A.P:f

e1~tl.,. 811. W 18 ·4 .......... :aao.. a ball ot tAo __ 1.

ft1:uo. Ja ~ ~ of a:niraol.., " cu' fit t ealmeb &lett an. ~ .. -' bloot1oa.

1- .a .... !apon81bla to ~.1n_&a tIop on -1.17 ~tll

b~ .. tlou tor .... ,. (loa' 11 M'O Of 134oce). a. ~1.

• b81ns $0 g .. , It •• 4801404 '&0 ,U.SOOD'1mle .i8 pou, ~ 'tt\e

a~"'l earlu, .14ell"11 the _,loa at tho toWl OnlOtm' fit

4lsU~O'tlb .am1n.1ste:ed i8 O~'1ft 61\4 •• too tauo "or the

anJ.a81s to "un1ft,.

b 8U111A17 «_ table lXIi' OD_ ata'. 'the' 1n aU

tho ~~~tU ~. PO b 8~lOdU1' 4~1 ~

apJ*!"f,J to be .. ~tmO,. t'or D ,..,. 1:atu'ft$. a:n4 l\.Wf 40. _, __

to be dear._tXt at eU ft_ b, toxic do._ crt d181toz1D,

a. .. Alli. st .ll.Id19lla .• 1mIlrJ!&Il11~ .IA\\..Jid!dlt 111141

GonWOl ftluh :tor 3l:fOOl- an.d 18ot10 •• 14 .. ,..

~ b Wable X. !beaG ftluO$ O~" wiW1 'baM In the U .... •

.... «naaobel'" aut liiUl4_. lt80.Gru1ekaMak aid 8JD"1 .......

1,"). It 8bOUl4 be _'*' \be" a 'fdA. range Of _lues 18 JOIIa1

te 8l~ -.,-,,_ abel- tlWtrepeu'lo 4eMot 41g1toda ...

a1nJ.a".re4 to 4068 'W'hl0 ero .orUlee4 a .. " «.,.. an. la.­

.1.Uoa. ~luce4 no oMMGln «1.1OG8- adelS6ht ~ la

lao'O.10 ac14 (Table Xl en4 XlI). ~peutl0 40 •• of 4l61",*1-

elva 4ltUr tor a lid .. tap 01_ 40 not a1 .... 6l.re08- ••

leot,10 0014 eonwtit Im'~ (Ta'blu XlII U4 XlY). It. ~.

OM ~"8 .,.-.ata t. 10. and 18, Wld01l weN ta.t_te4 ·with

u 014 4~lw:da 801,,\1 •• it appem:'8 the ...... 11 .. ~,

ttIIJ al100SU _ 4 ...... IIUI. aNt leo"!o .014 to ~e... fte n-

~. riaeln laotte ao14 1s b ~D" wi. au .. ~-

• gctozoe ~tlOD.f14 Pl"tW'loUGl,- :anA SlJOoeeA 4.or__ 18 OOA$lt1tent

"f!1.'th tb1e Ob3or'V.t101'1.

It _s s~,l.lD.i to ~ "Ch.' b 8441tion to 'the

1t.,,"" 1n 160\10 _14 ooncont;rat1oA alao 6llOocen oonte:tt;

(Table XV) riMa a1p1tl •• nU,1n ~l.. I -rs erte a s1ns1-

to:d.o 1:n3"tl_ of 41g1~la. fte a.nlmela 1n 'tIt" P'OUJ) llaVG

'beea _ ,10k ,bat tbey were u.'bl. to at ~u' t.be uttre

~~ta1 ,.104. It haa bMa ftp011e4 1)1' ~ka~ U._" an6 Lackie,. (1M" ~a' tut~ will eaUBe an 1M",,_. 1ft ccr61_

1l1Ooge,. Oa the otbRhaB4. tM 61~ $n4 ld'S.. 8014 ....

Rltal trom. ardmue l1Yln8 " -16 attc a 81rta1- toxlo ~u.

8hOYt .. _.-keIt cbeage 1n .''''ooruJtlt~ (table 1.1'1). ..

a1_1. b \bta gOUt, W'$N .ppo~t1, .'1nB an. an Wtl$l

,...·104 0:1 t •• tlllc. .Aalu18~' reo.i .... ~te4 to.do tn­S-tt_- I. I 4818 8hOWe4 DO o~. , .. b1. :ll'U).

~r1z1r.s aU \be I"erIUlta on G1~ an« laotto

8014 (Table XVIII) l' .p~ thtlt 418t~ 'MIlAs to Muee ..

~8. In l.acU" .. itt amt • t~. 1n ~ot1- it 'tbe ott .. _

Of taer'l~ ~ 'takeb\O aooouat.

o. .!AI.~_itJllI.~.l&&I"',~lH"~, O1.mtrol ftlUlM tor 8041_ ant po_slum 8ft toUfaA la

YablG XIX. ... .. lu •• ere oomparebl •• 1 ...... tOWl4 10 ..

UHI.'a'tV& (Be".. a;n4 Po1n4u~t lHOI WOO4 fm4 __ • 1lMB) •

. S041ta realM .moM or le8e OOU-ft' '!e~ ;g;,.xUI

a, •

l_lui ... ) b·\he POllpe 611 .... e1asle .. -u.r 1a~_UoD of . "!'$PR,10 40._. Rota_i. "... \0 nH. neahJ.Dt& • .tau.. tleall,. e1plf1uD' bOrM. b. •• l'18ht Yenwl01e 1n 'tbG poup

or NI)Mt.d lnJeo'"one ot 'bb3HPfttlc d08.8 (TablA un). tilth

repeated lr.JMtio:ns 01: d1alto.:d.n tor 4 da)'S tbe pota.81um. conten'

1a til. lett ven'tr101e 4"~.u (2able uan), ,m11e f;be OOlwen­

"'loa b tbo rlSht YG'ar101. lnore ••• t fie ~ at Q .lr08$ to

.4']'101». t.lde .ba~. \'Ouo dose (.e. below) elao Gouae en in-

01"_" in tlaaue pOMsai_ .•

tfhe 1n~_ La :potlUulw:a oonteu't 10 1n G~t with

Sq_,_ l""port. (1959), Wl1.o bas 1*0un4 that tlleapG\ltlc do~ of

4!t;1tfl11a C8Wlie a tm1tam itl.M $~nlt1oM' rlH in thf.t votaaa1um

Oou:kn\ of leoltlt.Gd rabbit l\Ct&rts. ~ecs tod.o (looes prcdu.oe

• 4801"_$0 in pete.st_. lo1Cen4 j101n4ater(1960) al80 hew

"~te;;l tbat tl ~ller4l!ipwt10 40se of (U.git&J.io 1norMs.e ~

potaea1um oont~t of tl~$ ~1"U ot 1::}.tG;ot 00'-_

SlQile tone 1nJOCt$.Oll ov.r ,2 wld " days pro4UCG8 t;be

toUow1ZlS cbeneosl eQdlun abo,. Q ~~ltoo dopleticm. bl ita Oontctlt

Wb,11e tl\\l:,e .p~rG to bo :& t.endellGT ta:r: poteoelta 'lllo lnc~$G

(Table nlV .:14. lQ;,'" 3iaU6l" t""ul.t~ ~ obaGnad ilt.b&tl tono

4 ... wee given 4a1l.7 tor a da!f$ (Ta'bl. nUl. ~r1:lt1ll$ trlle n8ulte or e1ecVol~$ ('fable ~~~V1Il.

It .. :r~ be~14 thot In all groupa :l:l041!J.lB te.n.(,'H~ to 4ecHasQ lfi:.1l.e

po~$S1W:l S~ to 1nol-use \i!lt.h tU$ 8J4ooptlon ot t:tls aroup 1n

whlQ \be an1lala r"o1ved N:pe8t.Gd 1n~M'lons o.f ~peu'lo

40$" of 4~S:'odJ1 ror 4 aa,..aere. in the 18.f1, ftntl'lo1e,

poteAt_ oonG811trG1ilcm. 'eorea ...

.J.)()U5 \fQOlff sa lID. f~.

1

I

a

• 18

10 It

88

II

• II

a ..

14

14

11

10

14

16

15

13

16

11

II

11

l'

JI ,. • • • • • • • • II

• .,

19.4

1 ....

If"

3'.6

U.5

Itri

.9 •• ••• 0

a .. 30. 18.

•• 1

at.tl

1& 4. 21.2 .. 16.1 li.4

u.. e ••

so., ls.a 13.6

14.0 14.0 10.0

lI.a 11.0 11.1

38.1 13'" U.I

,t.l 0.0 11.' 18" 11.1 U.o

•• t U.l '.f 14-.3 11.0U.'

•• 0 18.0 18.&

a'.' 15.8 n •• ae.o 10.9 11.6

19

AJ&

BY" LV

.... 0 42.8

IS.I U.l

33.1 40.6

8.8.9 39.1

38.1 zo.e 18.1 •• 4

M.! 31.0

16.0 18"

86.1 ...

:u..3 as., 10.1 la.1

38.' 3ft.a so •• 80.8

'r.A.BLS II. co}'!(,}a~1'!~Jlb~10Na '.-1 fJF Plm.."il11Aili QO,~d:;;;;UNlJg IN ~ti 11'" > i~' . OF ~ Ga "~~nlVll» A :lfH t1kfiA:tIY~l'C ' ""':.iJ'l/..rU"{ ~,' ':J ' J~' wl'M .' ':,_ §' ': ' Iii ,,,' DOltJ.I. DU~:U\~l'ION O,g' ~~:m~rr. ' '. Jr!-, '.

DOG mOl~ IICtoou all D PO IiW J~Oilt Q.

BY LV av LV Bl' LV , 11 1.4. ., -.a a&.a 4.8 . .- 43.' 42.8

• 18 8.J, II 10.8 14.1 10.' 8d 39.6 40.1 ),6 11 1.& • 83,t at.4 4.1. 1.6 40.5 :sa., • u 1.t3 • a6., 86.6 4.1 5.1 . .. oo.a It 14 1.6 1& ., .. H.l. f.6 3.8 39.1 85.0

9.dLI W. C01~(l&{'l~2I~ ,_) OF lFBtHl!1lAB OOLU''OlmDS llj ttm H&\Rm 01 llOOS ~lUVI1G A f"· ., ~)a. DUlAftOli OJ' ~P.~. iIIIIIIIii!I_

BY LV a1' LV

DOG \fUOli'f IfI/DOfai sa lP NO. q.

• J8 8.1 • lI.a 14.1 4.0 &.0 .. 0 14.1

U 11 I.e • 30.0 "8.8 6.0 0.0 If.a :sa.1 19 11 1. • M 10.4 31.1 8.1 5.1 31.1 M.' M 11 1.1 • 33.1 U.- 8 •• e.a a.a l8.t

II 10 1.1- • 16 ... •• 1 &.0 s •• 51.1 ... , I • I r, •• • j J ".n @ II • 'II," .... f fit ... 11 'n f '1 AI • I 1 "J/Jt 1"_._. ,1 ... # •• 1.' r WI" l.wte.tP It .. It IR .II, II , &2 it J I I •• -. • • .. • .. .. ,. • • .. • 10,1 10.1 ,.1 a.a II.' 31.0 s. a. of .... • .. .. • • .. 'ttl ... ~ .. *'0.9 ;to.1 ~.8 ;Q. •• P 'fal.ue. • .. *' • .. • .. • • <.01 <.01.

'.fABLI D. CO~lA*flQ.i\"ia , .. ) 06 11' ("J; )iWJaAI~ OOlfWOUflDa II ~ ~ Olt DOO8 RiCJUVDiO 00SifS. J.iUBAUOB O' .a.PaD4lftl.

DOG &I.1f _/»OWl sa XP IO. 18.

BY .L' 16 1.0 ,. II. a.f .. 1.0 " at., a'l.1

16 1.0 • at .. lII.t

I 0.0 • M. -.s Ja 0.' » WI.1i a'_I

JO Afllt

aY t.y av LV • .& a.1 44.0 a.1

11"10.' -.0 at •• 0.1 a., .d • .0

'.I 3.1 38.' 10.-'I" .d 31.0 10.4

•• IJ It,· . Idlll.lnlll ••• J ! 11 r.JNIIll!lil.tlt'ittU QJ] I tnl J In 1.,11' l."IIll"·! ·11"11'~1"" •• '11 1 ..... 1

Jrf itT , 11 0.9 III ... 10.0 a.o 4.1 If.' .o., 11 I 0" • • .l- at., 14.1 0.0 ~.I 16.' 18 11 o.t a 10.8 •• 1 1.3 5.1 88.0 a., .. u o.a ., II.' at .. 7.0 1.6 M.4 a4.1

• 11 0" II a, •• M.I •• • d 10.0 a •• .Ilt I. .,. •. III r 1".11' " .. J l ' .... N • I • 11 .fli' (d n t" J iF I I I '" , •• If I I. 111, n J .1. ~. .. • • .. it • • • .... ,'.0 •• a a. at of _ ......... -.ott ... 6 pYelu ... 'I" • .. •• .. .. .01

•

TAaLI n. OOIUEttTiU\"1.fJ,OD '--'I O'MiWa'wli.!j. ~UHDS IN 'l'PJI UAR~.S 08' .. .... oooa. DC.·. '~.;c.V.U .. D. A _ au DCa. llfJRA:fIO.R 07 :uRmt:ulIH'I •. Jal ., ..

DOG .~ _/DOn Wit D PO A:W BO. Ie. . • ~ & U D U . 10 14 40.1 II", ••• 0.0

1M 14 88.a If .. ,.a a .. .. 11 a.a Ii •• 3.- I..

ao u, 8'.1 a'.9 4.0 ad

faG l.O 6.0 8.' ltd It.8 .......... " r ¢ ..... i

WiIa m.

llOQ, Dl(mT ao. Est .. 18

" t

11 us. 88 10

" 10

Wt1IlJlUe •• $. If J -!!.e til" ....,., ~.s

.00

OOJIC~tmJ1.TIOas ) 01 P.BOSalA~1 ~mm'" ' . 0 III TIEW li&\1{Ti,3 '011 1WGS VL~ A

, noa&. llVftATIO~ 011 JllPDlU&tf: " , ..

'IIe/DO'ffJI all Xl' »C Id9

BY LV 11' LV BV LY 0.0 • 1f.0 86.6 '.a '.0 18.0 •• a 4.1 • 1:7.& _.0 al'l e., U.I 16.1 0.1 II at.' 8'.4 I.a I •• 54.' 36.0

4 •• " .7_' 18.0 6'- •• 6 •• l 36.3

'.1 .. 85 •• ..1 6.8 6.0 1Jfoh9 33.'

OOI~CB.U'mtlTION8 ) 01' ~ ~Ufms :m i9b; lmil.R~;. o;r UCl!llVllG ArWHI ~g DOk~sa. l)'W'U\,T10l'1 OF ~Sl~D~ • ... UJ~m ...

DOG WUGH'f ~ S1l1 D 110 UP BO. xa.

ltV 1.' BY LV av LV

11 8 a.1 • 89 •• 3S.0 10 •• f..1 U.f. 19.' ., 1" a.1 Ii 33.9 88.0 a.a 4.t 14., 60.0

46 11 4.1 .' at •• lI.a a.a e •• ..0 36.1 ., 1. 3.1 • h.' 3l •• e.8 8.1 sa.8 a.1 48 e a.6 " .,-, 1&.1 e.o 4 •• 10.1 Sf.1

"" I I '. .. Inl ••• U II ... lfn L Ii i' ,uti I i .'.I.Iit .... ' ... *I .'!IJd' n to" AI II fI-*, ., i r rw lIiI "vl _w 11 I'll 9J 11. tl • q UI 1 •• ln

_aif • • • • " .. .. • • .. a.1 31 •• ,. 1.1 ft·o tt=t ~ .. a. lI. .f/4 lIMn. • .. • • • • ";1;2.4 ii.1.1 11.3 ~.3 .a , YaJ.ue. .. • .. • *' • • • • .05 .08 <.01 < •• <.01

m~ "'!BRMJ::UTIC ~.&. fJ!OO DAYS

S~ ~ll~"ij"tIC DOa;I. JtOUR DAta

SINQlJI1UUC :DUal, lfWO DJ"YS

SDnUfO" .. IC llOSI. roua DAm JlAlLY !QXlO 11OaI8, !,W DAYS

1lI

BY LV •• 8 at.a a9.8 at.1

ac.a 80.0

•

Me ;u»,p

B' LV l~V LV 11.1 18.1 M.V 35.1

6.1 4.1 19.8 3'.fI ,,01) 4't0l.) (.01)

7.1 a.a 38.. 32.( t::.01) t:.01)

5.2 3.1 •• t st.t t.01) ~ •. Ol) (.01)

'.0 6.1:M.256.S f(.Ol) ~Ol)

8S.2 31.8 ,.. o.a H.e 59~ (.01)(.01) t:.Gl) (.01) f.Ol~

•

BY LV BY LV 1 fSI ,va 81.1 18.0

a '" ~ 16 •• 10.3 $ 100'1 ., 11.8 18.8

8 aM ., 16.' 19 . .8 •

13 1008 ~ 11.0 18.0

11 "0 888 11.1 18.8

19 ,. 166 11.' 14..4

as .1 891 16.' 1'.~ U 189 'oa 18.0 1'.0 88 f. t. lid 18.1 83 960 all 18.1 10.6

4l. '1' ·06' 13.8 14..0

45 • .fa 93 12.5 .).0.8 '.11 • ' It 11'1 IN'" Iiif: oW eJ II ,_ ,. ... vii' , .... (' t t 1 .. JM .1" ut I )'If. 1l'.IIM i."""I. ,Wi' •• ' •• I.~ j.*' I • " ..... -. • .. .. .. = :: ~:t. ~.' s. B. ot .... . .06

T.A:BLI Xl. Q)1~C'&~:4lit\1':(O~m ) 0" O.uYCO~ AN!. ~\ctl'lC ADm D 1tll~ It.ai~Ta 0)'" .. ~.·V.1NO A.· lItti"iH'j~iq:GQ OOtJB. DUUATlOI 07 ~Jl1Q~t ..•

:000 tU,yoooa :t.lt.al.C AUlD RO.

HY LV Hf LV

.. 611 6'" 30.$ _.8 9 101' a06 11.& 1'.1

14 818 '10 11.0 19.6

14.8 21.0

13.& U.8 .... .3 dll on·;., e _ * • ,1.1 II. __ i_il iI I J n ' ••• UiiVJtliIU'.Mt Me •• _'Ii P'_li .flIM' n'l

......... '*,. .. 8 • .1. or u.n ••• iii. p Naft. • • .. • •

co&,ra.~uo. '''-J OJ' GLt~ ~um LACua I"cm D .. mll ~m.· O:l~. s. ~1Vl1G 1M. ~ IISfD£ 000. DlmAflOB 01' maellL- • __ ... . ..

GLl'COO" LAftlC ACD

n ~ D ~

.'1 3" 16" 11.1 .. , fMI

.ft -616

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m GIl

14.6 34.1

1''­lS.' Ul.1

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~~ UII. QOliC~~~~Ia.RS (.lid) OJ! QL~l AjJJ .LJ .. C~lOAOlJ) lli,~ 1~\l~~3QF llOOd ~~'O :Ifi¥.~1l4D OO£UUS. nmu"TIOl1f OF J.l.:Q1~1~. ' . , -1:;;.J.

DOOGL~LA.CTlC ACm tw. ltV LV av l.V

IJ 101

10 1180

15 "9 N . II!

:37 ne

......... " .. if. fe4 8. 11. of 1Iean. • • _ P _l~Ch .... ,. ..

e4 ., 507

101

11' n".1 • iiII' U .. IN " 11

1M ..

1' •• 31.0

11.S 10.1

11.6 .14.0

10.& 10 ••

18.s ,10., I • • f m I II I 1. 'j II- J." l$ ••

18.0 1:.8 ~.o .1

1'AaLI uv. 00,' ~,t7C,.J;J;l1,l','i!lU3:, I, WiS' laa6) O' QLJ'C()G, ' ' m,'~ AllD",l,AOTlC A,O",ID Il~ 'lfmmlAi~J 01 t.i;)(Ia RIOBlVDru .L~ DOSD. Dm~ o.r Jtw~. _~. DA .. .,

1)00. cu.:fOOGlr~ u(''TIO .&OlD NO.

D LV BY LV

, 110 atI 16.8 21.9

•• 18.;

1'.1 18.& 14.6 .,-, 10 •• 11.4

~ XV.. Cl;t~C~\;'J.lu\ TI0I~ t~) OF Ol.YGt)(lEN AND LJlO1:""le ·ACD

uoo NO.

10

at

16

10

60

DOG 1;40·.

23

29

51

32

"

D~ .~.~ l:i&'u~Tt~ Ol'~ .DO(kJ i1~lG,iU,"nG A mlili ~ DQ;::;a. DURt~Tl()li Olf &~lfIjltD,~rlt .Ill DAYS. - ,

O1:looo&i

B' LV '148 861

803 til

1091 lJA8

1061 10M ta, MG

GLtCOO.mi

BV LV ,~ 175

i80 43\i

144 101 ,. 613

&M 192

=: .06

J..A.O~fIO ACID

RY

16.&

14.4

1'.6

18.& 18.0

LAOTIC

BY

lJh'

11.6

13.4

la.1

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LV

aa.& 1'_6

11.1

18.' 1'_4

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LY

lS.l

9.0

11.,5

la.l

11.1

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ay

166

l.O43 o. W?

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1., 9.

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6tV

III

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BY LV

16.' •• 1

11 •• ".a 16 •• 13.1

16.4 .1JJ.5

11.' 16.0

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BV l.V CtHJ:rdOL ~ ., eat

n~\\'1LYm~lJu>~'l'lC llo':3&. 1'&10 lIJl..'m '84 5M

DAlLY tft&:v;u' . .iOTIC DOaE. r~ijR DJI.r8 '59 '104

UN: «.01)

644 t.06) 7.

•

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16 ••

16.' 16.1 ,

18.0

12.' 1&.e

12.4

16.6

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LV

16.9

23.5 «.01)

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1'.1

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ao., (.01)

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11.8

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BV LV 1\'1' LV 1 38.' 36.1 G4.4 . 60., S 3'.0 8'_' '0.1 09.8

a 44.0 36.5 6S.l 6&.3

e 80.0 ".1 fe.8 '4 •. ' 13 49.3 ~.o 69.8 53.0

11 35.4 M.S 66.3 09.-

11 46.a ao.a "-, 19.4

22 • .8 .a.1 9.0 0&.0

81 ".e 80.0 fl.1 DO.O P..6 46.1< 37.41 'a.6 68.1

85 •• e 53.0 '1.8 ' •• 1 Q w..tl 6th. 63 jIl IU;' ..1 .. 46.' sa.G '6.' 60.1 •••• 11. 'MIlt,." .lit Iii·. ,.1i"f ..... _jjPG~""'"'~~"".I1[. AU " :JIIr,.. .. ' ,,-·r .. " n ..

• ____ ~!'I ...

U 1. UtU'. :WI nt.llun •• '.

"',ft. • • • ., • • 44.3 ~.8 =.3 Ito 8. a of ~l • "41.6 .• 1 1:0 .. • lit ~.a

000 OODlUK liO.

BV

" _.8 9 45.a

14 23.' 38 10.1 at 48.6

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LY

40 ••

stl.o at.~

'1.1

59.1

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73.8 7&.0

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t-AILI nI. co:~'O,ilr1ilt\lJlIQm 'uq./~.) u:r ai~;vl1JM N~ J!O~.lASal­U1!i "D, mI: H'JIAH'Jl'}J Q, F 00" rul lU~GEU:m,"" ill,"" A, _~ ... ,I!I2UQ no~. Dtr£t.~'lI()l1ii Olt:iJiJ;lJlh~~~.~D <.;).

DOG SOli1. ~.At.1UIIi ;00.

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18.0

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31.8

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fl.' -.. 80.0 ".1

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DOG SODIUM ~IW m. BY

S9.9 4Il., 8.0

411.1

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11.0

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LV

36 •. 1

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16 • .15

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BY LV

93.1 80.0

".4 40.5

'6.1 \69.t

'e.o '8.0

8l..~ 84.1 t I , .'.I! '[ '" If.

61.1 ~.1

'0.1 ~-.a

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90.1

76.1

ft.l

81.1

81.0

f~ XlIV.. OOUC.\~N~lRATlO.IB ,.,. '1) OF sCmlW j\lll1) .ifQTAfml-UMJli TH~ RIt~~'l3. u;r. l1JM,;.'~.;;;;1":mo A Al1igu ,'Ifit"""tl!

·OOSE. nmtA:rION or m~mllid"." n,.r.~I~ J)OG OODlW ~l~ B.),

aY 1., av 1., 30 •• 41.1 58.' fa.' _.0 26.9 ,o.0 61.0

u.a 14.' 68.9 6'.3

11.0 31 •• Whit 80.0

16.0 38 •• '1.1 ,a.o

~ XXY. OOlltUjJJ~~ .. TIOlG c-q.lKa.) 0' SODIUM All) ~~-UK D ms lW~~f'd OJ" OO(la ~.lIVllVJ . .. DOSB. D'WU.WlON OJ' ~.ml~t mw »

DOG SODxmt WfASSltII NO.

BY LV BV LV

42.a 48.' 41.8

•• & to.a

seaa. ., • • • • " • ..'.1.) s. a. ot~. • •• ~.7 P Value. ., .. .. • ., ..

40.0

35.8

40 ••

63.8

61.'

76.0 84.1.

•• 0 46.' a •• '8.a

••• 11.0

'0.0 ea.4

COl~C~iTID\TlOliS (-fl, .) Ul,i D~T!lli lilLUitD 0'21 l~CEIV' twJ,S.l\S. nV'dATION 0" "'Fm~~.

OOD!m;l

11V 1,1'

31.' 23.4

aa.? 23.8

3&.4 5'.0

34.' 24 ••

34.' 36.0

•

lfO~l'W

av LV

81.. 44.1

53.4

8'.1

98.&

' •• 0

40.3

84.0

03.1

&6.0

..

8OUlWI! ).J01'il.{;;;,{iIW

B.V LV BY LV

OOlirROL ~ > . 44..3 40 •• ea.1 6 •• 0

'''INGLE Tl~.lU':flC :OO,l:J.!. 41.8 40.4: fl.' ft.1 ~'';; , .' "' .. ,

two· DA'r&

sxr~ !!~~~1JTle DOa8. G..a 89.a '0. '1.1 ilQUi Oll.

DAlLY ~KufrIC J)OSJi, 41,. ea •• 81. '10.1 TiO tu .. m (.01)

D",,\.l.LY 1!!tm,~~O#1Il0 DOai. 46.1 83.8 eo .. fiI.1 :roUR IU\D (.01) (.01)

alll)l.,E 'Jm;.lO ooa.I. a7.1 ,~) ea.4 fI.e ~ 1),,\1'S (.01) (.Of5)

SI~ ~lC D03S. 4?8 64.3 va.- 72., »'OW J;)A,;rd (.os) (.01)

1).IULy toxIO DOaH. 83.6 11.1 fa., .'>.1 TIO 'oJ\. '(01) ~01)

A. IU!!Sl!!a!U"it .. *'1"" ... ~ a~l..e of thO ~~ tdtb 81011 GIl .,..1-

.. , 18 OQD4UOtad., ·theft if/fiJI be .... que_tloa ... to ~ 'tbe

4e.lred UJ4trluntal 1ntluebOe u. Me off...,W. ....~.

_. ~ en ~ts~ ~ -7 be ~ur04 ha:I .. nllalJ1e

r!N., .. ~$tip~ ., ~ ... wntl7 i.Motl".te tb8 ~

plor to WIG •• e ••• , 1n tao', olla~ \b._ r_ul-. ••

.. moatll 014 solutioa Of 4181todA U a hili apelmeB_ •

.. tMl ree.onab17 ._tolD til., etteoUft 00 __

,"'1ou ot 4!61toxla wee WM41D 1tl1a .~1'. tbla 18 .. porte«

"'7 our _,re In baD4lln& the 4:ua prior t;o."tw,nuva'loa. t.b.O .

... UJH1J4 Obana.. Sa __ 'boll.. .. 'll'ie hl6b ~1'J' 'IIt1e toue lG'ftle OZ the 4J<ua ~ ep1o,.c.

B. at. M»sI alat, IIGl&IA sa .......,. •. at .... _~.i %D OJI'dotl' \0 8luol4e.. .. .-banta at •• J,ba Oi' .

Mr41ao P100td.4os. l' 18 ~eat to ~ the ...... 1D

.. :rQ _tebol1e 'the" __ 4rup _, MUM J.a aut· 11,,_ ~-1_. One apPI"Ofiob to tie prob:ua18 to ~ .. ooata' ~

o .. taln OMrQ-l"loh pb,ospbat.e oompoWl4e, a4enoalne ~pba" .,

4

tAPP)aat pbM~t1u. (.PC) It (81._ the aHl¥t1081 _tbOd

~,.ln QJ.a .""7 S-eooY8U .. labU. Jt 01 boWl a4~

wi,...,. a,n4 Upho.pbe., the .... ~_H ... u ....

ntte to both", ... ~.) ftUe ~ •• of

~ ~. u ._bolla Id.DH U.) the .. 110.1 .t ~.

""'lou *'8 .~. \be fOofl.'utta are dUM'*' .t tH .,...aJ.S ot 'lb." ~ a1l4 (II ...... ~ an .......... 17 .WMt4 .... tea of ... 10&1 .... ., _1. la -lJ.1A $.a

.. _bel' at ,.,.iol.Qalul Pl'OO_-. 8Q.Ob •• "'.1' .... '"." ... .. -3- t1a4bs in •• la'feaUptloae "~ sa We 1t.bea18 Ie \be, .... lee ~14M ............... Of

J!C n 40_ abOI" or lOde''''. MaOOiaMtl ma tlUa ObMnaid.oa

18 \be SDeNa .. 1& D 1a .., Au ....... \b.e l.dk of • __

ia 1tIJ!, ... pt at 'iOJdo ...... Be 4 ____ la \be lM'e1 Of ~1_ ~_

., _ 4_to .. aua't.HW of 81 .... "' .. poealb111U8.. 1111". _,. Nt bJ' ~ iMr_1D3 tile .te 0'1 \lUlla'''' WlaUe ....

rew Of' •. ptb.$a.la .... J.ns ftla'l~ ".~. A _oM poaal­

b111_ 18 .. , ~ " •• ot .paula -I' .,. iabllll1*111b1le tM

"Mot IlWIMtl.on rell81u nlAU'NlJ .. ~_. Al"", U llO' Sapos8ible tor))". "M __ be"'1"88d4_ 4~

at tot' ... te 'to ... e~ ., • 41ttGI'QDt " ..... tllU the otIl_. tmGe..l~'lv.s wU1 DOt be WIt. unl._ abpl,D 81Iplo.

_'10M 40 _t 8Oft1" _

_ :pI ... Vie .o.tab", 0'1 tile ___ u_ ..... la

...... 1Il. edfJ-.pUou -7 be lDYokIM to _OM __ . __ " l1tel1

ap1euu... -'1'''_ ta tbe ntie O't aJDVtMs.. 1. tm:I.SkalJ' Sa

.,.1_ ot ~ . .teo' tha, 1Iba oeNUe slrooe149. 1afmta .. .,.....

~ U4 ~_ a. laGta. tdll1.'1oa C""'a .. • ~. 1_. ~. lNGI Mlt~ •. 1Maj. • ..... , .. ft_ of ~1. ot .~. pbospUte .., .. "."... .... even

1 ... , ..... of en beHa'" ..,.. ..... '108 it •• _~S ..

of .a.a'loa .. "~la"1oa s.a f.mpctb-e4. Bleb ....... _.s.u til oaNiGo ~l4e .. tio\ ·~oal4a"" ~

.,latloa .. ocm1_ .. ~ (1110) ••• -.:u..--c_ (lt1ll.

It .... r.s~_ ...... ~, . .,. ... te .... to 1'Ae _I~

'" oaft1ao 31,..149. eAt. ill t ••• , . .,H 1~M4 18 l_ pr ___ •

oa _ o-.rbM4 ... utu. ... Uoa Of ..... ~

___ te • .,. 'be .I.tttr ... .a '''' _"'U ... &1100.14_. De e"d4~.

SA ~t or 1Ift18 la eoao ...... ttl .'W1!.e OIl tU • .,.. Pltepa.

au.. r:4 .llMn _ale. ..,.180 81JOOSid • .baft '*- fIIlOa to

........ allfJl'l ...... 18 the ft_ or 4.~l.a'ioA of

.. '" •• 1otum,.0" ___ 1IJ'08~" 'lIMe,., 1111), It ..

tau· __ -ugH". b7 8aar.l.!D (19il.) .. , .. 18 .,. .... t.be

___ 1A &.lob ·ttua taU1Jla b.eal't 18 Mutlt4t "7 ....... '.0 ,,"_w..

0-' .1;tr41..~'IinI 'he aolubl8 IUlfJlUl.,...'t1-

"-'. eal.ol ...... bh1blte4 A~ (Dell.e,. am4 .. ~, 1 .. )_

• pboaphatwaoo ~U1ob 1. not eo"'.__ bJ' oel.olc t~ anA

Ddo~. lt~') 1Dt.URM the .'loA ot ~ OU4h. ~14- oa \

AS •• ~~1l8Uoa 1e UI11t4~ Ut~ an« INDole, 104').

fteM .t-util ...... tlOt 1:»e ..-a4ic'tol7_ ... ee101 ...... ttw'*' ~8. ~ be IIMOOlli"'" wl'Ul tqO.d.Dana the coavaot1Oll pI'OOu ••

b oal.olwa-bh1bl~ ~G ., lMt nlste4 With b\hoeUula.

'.ph.oapbOr,.la'1ons wtt.b.O\l, .1Oll 'bh. ma_ bo11o Mobl»., ~

~ 8ou_a",. 1n the Hla'&lft17 Ns"lq ate... ., la,

.... , Va.. oons •• ' ~ end HSP-'U d A_, tu

_.en" 0Jt l.norpnlo _oap." t;, • ., ~. a "1'4"1'0 .. etten \tid_ oou:L4 "'1'b1' __ Ml1Sm (-~t 1M9). lb •• ou. Of

41sf,UlIa Ol\ boa of ... t~ <4A~"" HUJ4 un ~,

e4eptlft alpUle.ue.l't ., alaO aMD tbat Sa _ri1ee renuro the eo"Slm fit oal81~1nb1b1tot. AVe .. _., _____ t.baa

DOI'l'a1.

.. ttl_ N114IOU •. tb.cm. ~ .. ,. 01' 4J.a1toda ia

..... pe:rlftl __ U7 be oou14eN4 .., be OIl ~.1D8 tile n_

ot u~11i_'loll of __ ~rlOh phoa,uMe. ... ooaoluS .. 8ft

.lalla .. to tho •• of Wol1.enbera- (1111) WIIO ....... , 414 no' ~ •• , "ne8 la ~loh phoapU'Ia leftle wtG ..-toGo

AOMS ot 416Gb .. oulldD. •• late~Uou __ ..... _

allanee_ Whiob ... ~ in ~ .. 11.,. .... e ..a. ot tl)e

4ne- W1. '-10 oonoaftla'lou, ~ 1a~_"10D or tile ...

aalta le cllttlow,t. 81noethe o~ 1. ~7-Z"10h pha8~\li~ _,.

1Ht en_ul t of \b;e tll.lHl..letlon a_ otb.e.r toxlo GMDSe.. rather

thtlJl of til(/) ~8~ 4!'US. per ••• ' ... OllaftaM obaeY04 lD

"hearts &1vu$tW.o emount$ r4 the 4rug ill 1IOU~'.

8 ... 1 .. WU'8 .Iallar to the ~,o 1A Ot.a" inVG8tlptloa sl ••

l\i:>n-1K'a1o •• well. •• toDO ___ • of tile drug.

It H of u;"MlNIUIt. to 'e'MnlUle tb.8 probable rN~

tv ~,. __ 'l.e "..,*1\$ obta1ne4 b1W011.n~_. the t:laJGll

41tt..-noe 1ft the _,..~ta rr. .. ~ ltJ~aw:r'_ .. 18

~ t1me of Ul'O." to thO drq. AlUt.o_ l' 18 aot uJl101111,.

•• ,_. l' 1MB:; be Uaw.4 he tbe & ... sty. ad "be rote_

6D1nl.'nUonot .. 4ftc, .. t 1a .. , of au 6qJWaea'ba .,.

b.eane WN flO' _po_ ... til. _rt1M 6110alu r.-~ than

.. hour. In ov ~' •• _,-.18 ... er.p0H4 .. _It"" 18Y~1. 01 tbe 42'us '01' ... ami toe _,.. It 1a quite 11ke11

tila\ tM elaa. imUO$4 Sa ~ ... uUbo1111a 1a .. __ ..

_t eu.ttiolGntl1' 1tIIf8t. _ Ollafta$ th. OOM.D._loa of ..... . _~B 1n flSan1tloll.' ,amoua'- •• opt a_ toalo COMa ~

~"'. the .,bot 01: ,1_ r~l 1_ tbe pan or the bear'

_lob •• ~ b<e .. 1781_ 18 aot prSJarU, illftl,..." etn.o.

the oc.moeab.'lona· ottlle ~Ml heal'to ~ atutaotorU, 1l'l

WOUeuHrs.'e fIm4 oe .. rlea. l' l.a ~. alao"'4J,soxlD

eM Gubat. __ , "ll.a~ 'WI84 _. 41e1tMs.a ..." in tJd.a

at\1d7 ere tlOt aCt1citEd'1U,. 41tt"uet ~ 80 .. " ror \he 4s.n.­

... bthG~u.

c. at All&Ra,~1a ,&Ju._ . .I.iA l.IIUIMHa Ol,coe- OW.'l't*l'lt wnda to d:80ft886 a1l4 laot1Q _014

oODCen\ra tlcD t.1148 to 1aCf'OaM rol.lA~ tile Mktlu..n or asp.. taxilh, o~ work toes not Gpp6e to clee \he air GOaYlnolaslJ' .th r~ to the 8qmvooe1 resUlt. obte1lled ~ .tv _ theM

ohemloel ~a. ~1~ ,. haft an 1n8utt101.,, .nwabe of

atu.dl.. to diNl'i ~.

a. ...,41»5.£11,.1191&1 ......... daIi .Sth t.be pt'ol.Ong.ed oomlni$Jt:re'tlon of 4181ta1n .. wltb

todo 40 ... G,.l41ta'tcmda to dMntaM .Ill po~_1_ 10ft ....

lMnaee b tih6 ~t t.l.~ue. 'lb. pota.1um Haul_·ue eoatu. -toI'7 or tho work or 10,. aDA loUt .... (1940) 1a btao'

oaw. a4 of the ..-it la J.ang0b4OJlf't pr.,...u.oa ~ 1r!be N*' ~..OV neulta bee 8" an 80 pa-oaoanee4 .. to .~,

lailnte 'tne iJ.be~. 1n po ... i. WktOh migUt ... apeotd4.X-

we ~t .ur~l.1n& \0 .u that. tiaw. 8041_ '.r .... lB

• t.0&80S. l' mal' be poaelbl.e 'tbat. ',,-,;1'tiOXlA lae:na_ ...

"tUl.'loa 01 dl' Ie 1lhe ~ """ne.POJ"'ot ao4l- .8 Men

ahoW.rl to " U Htlw ~_. (Gollft7. 1M').

a. 1.H0~._!l. ae dlttwence "t~ a1.DGl$ e~ 481l1' 1D~.c'.l.ol.ta of

d~sltox1n _a llOtGUtflo1.,ntl., PMt .. ~, ftll1 tu ~

• oonolua1c)mh a1lill.erl;r t tbe bJ.".1';)1l of t~np$U'10 sIll to:d.*

~U of dl"US iWutoot studied: ez\enslftly oz:..oush to ellow .tl.

nlte $tfi~1:its to be !Wnie. In ~~OUGr'U. tbO tone tlQs~a ~

more JIIrked ch8.r~{:j ....

It is 1nterestl1'16 'to ob ... " tM\ ttlO Ohe1160a oo,~

by 'therapeutio &:14 w:1o oonoen.tr$t1ons are In 'be ... ·41raoUoa

!'hIs not DeOusaril,- 18 upoo,", aln" toxic oono __ \lcma ot

8tq 860nt mel o~u,so a saeralploture of to.Uo1~Y'. ~*

elMa 1t 1.$ obaol"'n4, 1t a~ne1.1 ~OGt8 thot 'tho ol1e.n&e

ettGOte4 in ~peu'10 fit~w.tta _y" aat"Xleir1S 1t lors_ ooae_ -"1<m or drus 1. si'V'en.

It 18 ~'t3ntto empbaslae '\bat our etutU.8$ lUll'"

no •• luci48~ed \be 81te .O't eotloa at ~ oardlBO~. aboo

Wo1lenbOl'ier o'baonOd "ftl1VloulOr t1brUlet1cn IlM Wle~d1a

before en..-s:,.-t*1Cfl PllOQute «O.P:PlJ' S8 "1}1.'Ml14 •. pl~f it

MY be po8elble the, SOM teotor wbid ~no" $be ,,'S.UMtloa

of &nCf~7-rloh phofJphete ., be 014'G':t.ne tho hctart 0.,11 lD

pea~ a~t. W34er the W1UellOG ot 41g1tox1::1.

~ r1Sh" ventricle M~ 'to be relc'lvelv re.lst~nt

~ thens- Sn enerey-r1ch pboa;pbtlH When ~1"e4 to the latt

ventrlole.Fel"h8ps, th16 1B r.18'~ to· the "lat1v817 8t~-tw

eeJOtlltJ' of the lett V.l~trlo1$ to utruM ~Q"-l"10h _J6pb.ate

O<8POu:a4s.

1. alasl- ant 4&11.1 U'tIrtlftnou.e SJ:lJ"'1oa td a.M­

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_r.k8t111 if;. certain ~1mellt8.

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Borer, 11. L. ~7," a. A., mi4 l»bUllpa. B. ,1J.& JUrtha 8tU41ea OD. ..... Role 0% ~1i4Ul_ en4 otMr %cM1n 'fmc llhospho-nletlc. of tile A48QlI.o ...... I. _01. ca..· t 1.'. 51 •• 1~.

~bme. w. A.I ftO Itt.- oZ llllita11a on the a1_tI*OO8rd~. an ~1mental SW41 on DOlt! aH Ca.. .A:I:'Oh. lnt. M84.t 43&6'0 t lilt.

BrehUf.!,: A.. _.n4 Qa~. P.: !he .1'''' or D~lklJ.s on .. ,. .. Of ~ ~vd1~ ell ~!aGU1 atutl' 18 ~n Be~ •• Aa. BeartJ., t, 604. lt3l..

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ca~, J. A., tiJ= 1fUtl;*1.acm, 1'. B .... Btfta, of D1s1tAUa OIl .... PO_.I_ OoA'" Of oar41ao .. OlA .of' Dos8-'. Olm. In'ftst., 9: ~. 1931. .

o.lbo~ .... J. Alt, an4 Har:r:1aon. tt. a., ft. Itt.tot llldWia on .. 1."o1_ecm_lt Of 6a1"41Go MuaOl. of Doss. J.011n. Invest. t 10,; 111,1951.

cattaU, MltMUt _ 00lA. n.1 .. lUtlUtmCe of Di81taJ.1a .. the lOne fit uon.-•• "_ 0Jt .... 110 Gord1ae IIWtOlA. J. Pba~oo1. e:td ~. fherap_, lai Uti 1_.

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oniekabsl*k • .I. it •• 8M "'.awRY., D. L.t ~1Got ZU\aJ,la oa .. ~ .aiI 'U\1UUtlOa 01 .. tM ldole'0e4 ~ all4 DI •• 'lO~. AWl. J. 101., tat 1", 1180. .

Cft1o~ .. *. lI. B.: ~* ___ bOlia. l~lo1. BeY., 1', &9f. Ut.l936.

1)Nrlttlt W. l:l., DarnM, A. a •• aM ...... 8 • .1.* ~lmt.m.u 8th GaJ.oule~ ~peuUe· aD4 ~le Do.- of 8181'-11 •• >

IX •• ,_\8 oa 1mo 1I1""00r4~8Zl1 ... Beel't i •• III 6&a-oeo, 1:M3.

~JI.bsf w. a-I Bar ..... a ... eat ..... 11 • .& •• ~r~1 1d.1Z .0., cul.ot.t ~poutl0 ftM l'UiG Do_ or DlI1~1. •• I. attOO1t8 _ \hO lIfOOeJ'41al Ml.l~ s""ure. M. ~J •• III ~.l.~.

fl. B., "'.t. B. a., liaI'1olc, tI ••• t aD4 ~. A. R. * aJ>eimim.ta w1,.. celoulete4 tb .. J)8t.l"J.8 ant TGX1e .... ot DlPul1a. m.. lIt'tecu .. the ~ lILoo4 ft_. Am. ~ I., •• '10-'38, ltQ.

-.n, E. ,A.. p_, ae 40,1_ or OU'bGJ.a em ~ Ao~. MtIl ~lo1. ~., all aso-aat. 1.960.

~nt X'to.' •• Id'A~~ ... P •• S 1:I»C'1,_t18, ,. '11, 1"981. 01_",. wou. .. ~ A. I • .Pbe.1.1r8ool. aM. at,... a..p •• 1081 lS&' 115, 1 •

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Plake, O. L. $n4 ~, I'll # .tu.re Gt 'tbe lao;rswo Pl8fJl)ho­I'U ti. Yolate17 -.018. .1 .... U. 401 ..... lta'.

n8k9. C. Il!l end $Ubi .. ~. 'f •• .fhoa~uae. I • • 01. ~. 81, _9-1,., 1911.,

.. Goot. C. A •• ~, fi., am4 ~.Y.' .. »ctH8d.'loD ~ ~. 1. 8101. tIla •• ""lOOs .-611, 1983.

erc.le. H., tiber 418 Do.l~_ 488 EohlehJ'dfttstof'tweoMGls ... Pll,.lo101i.e .. ~kolog1e .. Bu lk. knh.· r. ~. )1et.h. u. PbRril1lk01 •• lNt68 • 1MO.

Bapa, 1>.: ee lItteo" of D1dlaDiA C 11\ 'f~ Do_ upon the 1~o"'91 __ ._tu 00n~1i ot ... 'BbI' ...... fI1&801.. I. PIla,..oo1 ••• _,.. ~P." ,0'. eo.u. 1.'_

.'cA., a .... a. B:ro4J".!L iJtO.. Tho BSol~c.1S'tD~.S._ or,.,.,.. Am. a .......... aa. ~4., 1110.

ata:r.ltn, a.t,OI-aUo, B .• , end J4\IDobl~ ... ;tt_,. R.:Dtpei.en'l. It 119, I.Mt.Cl'te6 1)7 1011_ . t A. ,. lt1W~Q01. ~ • .... ,., loa. ~lU, 1. .. .

~j a. G.: ~. In._-''. " .. ~00d", 81.S ... leo. 01W I'll _U. ,A. I • • "~G01 •• a4 .xper. ~P., 103: 1, 1.31.

lta., LA.::t •• Jan4lowl.SI "t ~ Jhd.1ve 1D \be I803.aW ..... Cueul'. All ••• Aratol., 122t .1-2'3, 1938.

Ue1187, ' .• W. t C!m4 ..,...1lOt •. 0., ..... 1 .... em AI • ...s. ... : va.pbOaPbe',".,. ot aacle. 1.1k4. 1b8m+. lffJl 111-101, 1... . . ES~t ~ • .I., 8:04 DuIoUl_P ..... Jnb1bl"lOD or 'tile ..... ,Ji."

~1fth of Aft fIl'.. CUtaSa a.M.!u~. 801_". , lOll 3tO-&'1, 114'_

~. if. I.&wr..- 06 0U'a1H Dru.g8 on the ~~ .. Xut~l.te. of the bt. Proo. 800. &Xper.-Bl.o1. __ 1114., I •• 41 ...... 1MB. '

Lac..,.. a. A., JI!I;m4e .. ,0., Ant Beft1!, } ••• oa~,U.ao O1,.ogen aM Keto,.d.... .Itt"' of ~!GOw.7~ ot ·1. y" Be ~ ---.1 .. --~~- find .. Btl'pate. 800 • ....... mcl._n4 ..... 16# 413, 1t6.'_

Ue'18. H., ~,.~_ .be 4_ £oh1~&ta~twolle(f). 4_ '1fenUa. U. *PR~'t$l.1. Vlit.G!'3UO lktr an-tlue fie a~1tellH:.ut 4_ Kobl t6o!Jal' 4 •• H.er_. AJ-Oh. t. If Path. u. ~~ko.l ... 196. 15,. 14f. 1MO.

LoIDI-. B.: the OOO~ ami· t.Iae fttaut ... tl(J'1l of ~ •• ,.w iaCG11a. 1. Deaoutn. \Ci._ ~ ~~pb$_. 81oc~. zta~., IOaI 46 ..... 19 ••

"Non_I I.: 1lM.n1_ , ••• 01011 '8 108 alUOOfJ.14ea oardl.flOOs. • kM.\ hI Well_beroer.. A. i. :w.r.eo1. ana atper. "-.'tlt .f •• ~I. 1MI_

IIe1tl1:lkft'h, v. ,.: lVt., of Su-opll&uth1a on tJ.\e "be..,. or . Lao 10 MS4 in the _" tuiaS ~l !\IU ...

auu. .... ,.. a1ol.. lied.. 11#.' t 1968.

JilUl_. a! •• , ~d 1rIwl .... '. A.l A _Vlo4 tor _ .'IM" or Ul~o~ntl"1_ ot La.t10 M14. I •• 01. ~ •• WI ~.ltM •

... G •. &f.l onl 'I1JaullC. II. '.l S'tU41ee em the Da'I.,. CI1u80814u of D!altalle LaM •• _ l1lrUoular Bote .. _ to Vlelr Jltteota upoa ~1 .. .lttl.1 .. , .. tJ:Ielr Ioal.it,.,. Jilbuuoo1. eM ...... ,., M* u.aI. 1138.

Moe, G. 1(.., uti Y1u~, .. " •• 1M .tl8e1la1_ et »'allure 1& the OcIIplAMlr 1eOlete4 .8.I&11u Bean. M. I •• ,.101., 12th 661-4"3. 1939.

JIIttI •• X.I m.:ne arw.l~ de _tboG ...... -'s.-w. 4_ PlIo.~t:r8otlonen in "1C8~. 'Wlter Ma0n4ee ~A'1pq 4_ Mloepbtla __ 'beml la ~bl ... . baraU. '. . 81"" .. 1'o11_~.-t _A. J. l~Mraa.ol. er4 Js:per. filerap., ":I11~. 1"9 •

.. ,..r~,.O.''''''_ 8"*,'ea o. th .• Ba_ .. ~ at". .. , Sa AJ.eobol1c ~_t1a or 'has", ~t1ou. J. Blol. Cha., 180: 8'1-680, 1949. .

Jre1a •• .I., A P1lo~'rl. It4aptet,1oa of ~ Soaoan 1IIItb04 for tbe J)e~'10.a 01 61\\008.. , •• 01. Gbem. t 153, 5'&-160, l.~.

01Mm.. i,1t L. $n4 SOllwe~L \i. B.a QQtr41eo Kueo1e _.bOIS,. and .... J. .. Been I\luu:n. IIIMSlolDe. 10: 11"*"1, 1911..

0V\mIIIm. 1'=.11. :.~ ':.8'1'18'. s. It.; ~ •. 4»»1.'. l_~loa of ~ liJao··.· . '. . to SccU .• ena ;rou •• t_ 1a B1olos1oal J'lt.d4a. ,. Mol.· fl... aa-o". llfll.

eo Pardoe_ a. •• It •• ae S~1'41_t1on ot D161te1b "1'1". Mt10a

_ tbe ~n .J:lUI"t., ... a.. A., 81: lSI. 19 ••

l~t\er"n. S.W ••. Pipe, Kif! aD4 atu"l1.Dg. ,It . Ii. ::" •• R&8U1&t.l.{)D ot tho ~rt ..... fl. a,.101 •• 481 ~t 1914.

:Pet .... II ... alld YWcbrzJ a. a ••.• ..,. .... M1.1_ or tbe ~. 1n nl1t.aN .l~. ·l.Uf.moe of Druse _,. 1". _. BM1't J •• 11; a'J.-atl, 1931. .

BoM., ,1.1 .. 4eBiJlt1Wl1 4.- itOObanlhheO. 1J84~ aut dl •• ~"'1' \IDA 4_se~wtt.,f4t/bJ'.uch 4 ... ..-laU ... 1t.e' ..... 01." _,.··.'WOUeAHrIU'I.A. '.~ •• :tat. ~'t. tbta'a» •• tf. au_I 1MI.

BeMOW. Ate "o'~:r Con\not:1oa. ~ s. 1'. ACed. SOl., "'I iGl-t30, 1M'_

SchWerts, a. ;,.,. 'a.a4 ... 1u. L iI •• Dialtel1e SWs.e. _ .lJA~ ._ BeH"\ ala __ .Be .,._0: l)ldw.'I.U 011 .. n.~~JJfd ~ oteh1l4". _tb.~'10 hYes~ ,000aio,,1: 8'" ~Dbee". Am. J. Bu. OllilA •• a. ' •• lilt.

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eostin, .1*.' 8M. .lM1D.e. t. a. J .. tbUft):>s1', fit ua tla. P. JA.

8tarl1As. B. a", d n"M~." Y ••• e a~a.1on Of ~ .atf.el'Q' au_put fit the ~,. I. _.101 •• Ilh 8~. 191'_

Sua"'" ,11,A.S ACt".u. tI, lM ••

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"10kO~!tot=:~1~~~~'::~=:.r..,~::t.--0I3.1Ml.

We44. A. ILl .. 1at1u._ ~ .~ oa ... ~l_ btont or tn. 1IMrt. I. ~OOl. on« kpeJ'. ~P •• 6th 118-2'4, 1931.' .

61 .. Wo44.A. tt ••• 1»',_ B. A~. $u4 ~t G. &., a. .fOO~ fit

, Illpda _ ·uo Oct14 ,B1oo4e4 altWt .. 1_ ",riM _ ... .... 1_ r4 J)ulM118 AOU..., ..... 001. and ax,.. --., •• '1« ·391-408, l~.

Woll.GabVCU' , A" OD 'U~Ob. :Pbo.plMd •. 8Uppl7 at . the hl1liB~. _. I. rhY81el., 110. tII-.4O, 1M'.

Wo1l_~ ... ! A./l I."'''. ot OUeba!a cm4. D . - Co --S7-.li.S.U l~_ stan of tH ~. .. ~ •• " _. 1_. i'IoU@bCc., A.: De...., •• ta~l_ of the ftUs._ ..... ad

'the •• boll. AoUcm of \be _1'4100 . .,.oa1d... If; PMra.oo1. an4. l.tJtpe.~P.t ", 0114a, 1MI_

WoU ___ I'I._~' .. bo110 AOUoa, or tH, GU'41aO 011003,1<& ... U. JII'r.' of o.Mia aJ14 ..... ta oa •• ~. Phoa.pM-. (km:'." of __ Mari. I. ~eo1. ettA ~. i'huap •• 10:..\, l~135t 1.1.

1foo6 • .I. B., .. ~t G. Lt .$wu. .. oa \he .Itt." of tM D toll. GluooeUlO. on. It l.Oea ~ the ~ of thO .... ,;. Luas ... ,.nu.. .. J. }1Jqrelo1., lI3, Ill_ l~.

1004. lI. ..a.na .lIOCD. O. 1..1 Il.eettrolyt. .na. _tar Qcll'-" Of .\be oulU.- JIWIoulatve of \be ..... ~ 'loa

wJ,tb. 8pIolal aot .... to ... tee .. 'or tU~ aS4_. A.a.. I. a,.101., 1M. 811-118. 1MB.

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Batont»tlt1tMa

atna. L.' .J'r~n.. . !ti'~' S$. 0, •• oa4 .B1a_. 0.: .. D6poalUd .' ~ Sa .. "fte·mlO of tb.e B." an. .... ~l. J.u3-e1o*,_ 0brtJ •• "* loa-l09, 1.1.

Bori-. .. 1.., sm WImfl. a. c.: ~ of the G'ftm,tI!ta1 "U. Ae'fdOl:,. of C8MlaO 01100.14... .. .......... 1 ....... • ,~.1.1. .

cn.rk ••..•• a. t ad JIoabR, B. 1l.t thO Wa'- ent .81._. ~ Ooa"-_ of 'the ~ ... art 1n oo~tlft ~ hllun W1tJl u4 w1\boUt 0,,1'0.11_:'1=. Oin •• II """'.4, 1852

GoIm.A ..... 8."14 ste~ln L J.: c.rdUo Sl~. ani ov.'Plt ~ .SI1~11..'t .. , X'a .... " •• II 03. It.t. .

"'ft,~. G •• '.t~!t ~Ut_ G., &~ SObWabt.~ a.. ~­..... '141 ~'O'OphI' W1~u~ end v4tJl D~_l1_'l __ ~b. OO:n\en:' or bbbl'~t. ~_. 8M. ~. !d aD4 ~'t 34: ~t 11M.

. " ....., .. tot". C. A.. C~~ en tlVJ MololiOal.. 8_D4.-41.,,1:.,;,u ot Diiltel1a. so:m.b.~. WehDilcbl-•• ", 1'-11; 1149_

Gol4. L. IIod$U, ii" Btntoa, G. , •• eM Cotl,,~v.t J'It W.I· ..... aoI',t:Lcm oS D1~ .til -., )e4. lTOO •• en 356. lM'_

Ck44. a. f. It\d.t.t. u. ~,.o,to. ~,. anti ~t. ~d~lQl .. ~$l . .£Wo$:r;tet au in ~c &Q~ by D1r~~ a1.'4 tobetr ~ oa lrIOb1e:d ot l)1g1't811.Uoa 1n ,.tlenta w1th AWl.~ .rlbJ'Sl.la"ioa. i. JiUraool. ant .,... t!be:I'ep. 64: aM. 1139 ..

GoU. B.sD!Blulls alld. some or Ita a.rlY.tl".... .le., .,. 110. 1M3. ,

GoV'ler •. W. u.'. Tenz, __ ~" .. an4 ~ .. o11lJ, .. , ,.. •. t ....• tit' Al ___ "o~l PAOQI'mta.D1s1~1D w1l4 ~Ia .ui4J1 hleW 'to tbe l.atter a Of4tdJAo .... 1. _.... 1n Y'1t1C. i. aa~oo1 •• n4e~. afA"aJh, ••• ~ ... 1941. -,-. . ..

Jlarmllk. J?" .. ·1., J.4t~, 1. I., .1~.YeIl W., e;rd ~. li.l ~a1 .. ,.1)01," auel G1100C .' AOt1ofuJ of ftOpJ'l_ G1JOO1 aad .,.. O~'le 0110018. I. ftal~'.:oo1. aM .~. ~P ••• ,. 114, 1 •••

Bott tat. B.. J'i\ma. I>' e.. ~n4 U1n14er. A. W.l Oon~entr6 .. t1Ql'l ~ ~'k8.1.j m sewm aD4 Roapona.· to Vasal ~t1oD 1n '&be JlOa. a. J. JlhY81ol •• 14111 U'. 1044.

~A f_ .I.: .too_ o~ D!81tella .. lIl.H"Q.~ ot Bee" JIWlOle.. ~. soc. ~. B!Ql • • 1'''& Me4 •• 6th 80-91. 1"'_ .

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Gmt .~ '0,. tbne .,...~ at .t.be. ~t 0'1 ~lol.oQ.

the tlul 00'1'18.$ 1." boen ~ne4 1)1 ~ fU.reoto1" 0

the wOllda an4 1bo 8lsnatun vdUeh "p~J'e beltm .... '.t1e~ tlW

t •• " that tJ:ltS n_ee~HJJ!7 oht::f.r,eee beva bee ~te4 •. M\4 t.ba.

the th •• s.a is ~ S1TO fual a,~l Wi.~. to ooa'-' t~ at4~banl.~l eCtU.D"$/lt.

'!b. tIl •• l. 1s ~Q" d09P'1e4 in ~ M­

till_nt 0'1 'tt-A r.tltl~:t8 to~ 'th~ D~ of Master 01' 801 ...