The Abdominal Wall - Muscles of the Trunk
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Transcript of The Abdominal Wall - Muscles of the Trunk
The Abdominal WallThe Abdominal Wall
Muscles of the Trunk Muscles of the Trunk
Raymond G Buick FRCS
Muscles of the Trunk• large cavity• bounded by– posterior abdominal wall– diaphragm– anterior abdominal wall– pelvic floor
Layers of Abdominal Wall• antero-lateral wall of abdomen• several layers– skin – s/c tissue – a superficial fat and fascial layer– muscles– transversalis fascia– extraperitoneal fat– parietal peritoneum
Layers of Abdominal Wall– s/c tissue – a superficial fat and fascial layer
• 2 layersCamper’s fascia – thick, fatty layer Scarpa’s Fascia - deeper fascial layer
Layers of Abdominal Wall– s/c tissue – a superficial fat and fascial layer
thickfatty layer
continuous with superficial. fascia of thigh
Camper’s FasciaCamper’s Fascia
dartos muscle no fatty tissueinvoluntary muscle fibrespale reddish in colour
Layers of Abdominal Wall– s/c tissue – a superficial fat and fascial layer
deeperthinner layermembranous
large amount of yellow elastic fibres
blends with fascia lata of thigh
Scarpa’s FasciaScarpa’s Fascia
helps form dartos muscle
Muscles of the Trunk– muscles
• 4 paired muscles
Muscles of the Trunk
• 3 paired flat muscles + strap muscles– external oblique– internal oblique– transversus abdominis
Muscles of the Trunk
• 3 paired flat muscles + strap muscles– external oblique - rectus abdominis– internal oblique– transversus abdominis
Muscles of the Trunk
3 paired muscles rectus abdominis
Layers of Abdominal Wall• antero-lateral wall of abdomen• several layers– skin – s/c tissue – a superficial fat and fascial layer– muscles– transversalis fascia– extraperitoneal fat– parietal peritoneum
Layers of Abdominal Walltransversalis fascia (or transverse fascia) • is a thin aponeurotic membrane• thick and dense in structure inferiorly and
thins out as it ascends to the diaphram• deep to transversus abdominis muscle• superficial to extraperitoneal fat and parietal
peritoneum
Layers of Abdominal Wallextraperitoneal fat
variable with age and location • most apparent in the falciform ligament
below the upper part of the linea alba
Muscles of the Trunk
3 paired muscles – external oblique– internal oblique– transversus abdominis
Muscles of the Trunk3 paired muscles– laterally
lower ribs
lumbodorsal fascia
iliac crest
inguinal ligament
Muscles of the Trunk3 paired muscles– medially
aponeurosis
Muscles of the Trunk3 paired muscles– medially
linea alba
Aponeurosis• A sheetlike fibrous membrane resembling a flattened tendon
that serves as a fascia to bind muscles together (or to connect muscle to bone).
• shiny, whitish-silvery colour, • histologically similar to tendons• few blood vessels and nerves• pleural: aponeuroses
external obliqueexternal obliqueexternal oblique
external obliqueexternal obliqueexternal oblique
external obliqueexternal obliqueexternal oblique
external obliqueexternal obliqueexternal oblique
external obliqueexternal obliqueexternal oblique
aponeurosisaponeurosis
external oblique
• inguinal ligament– ant. sup. iliac spine– pubic tubercle
internal obliqueinternal obliqueinternal oblique
transversus abdoministransversus transversus abdominisabdominis
transversus abdoministransversus transversus abdominisabdominis
external obliqueexternal oblique
3 flat muscles
external obliqueexternal oblique
internal obliqueinternal oblique
3 flat muscles
external obliqueexternal oblique
internal obliqueinternal oblique
transverse abdoministransverse abdominis
3 flat muscles
rectus abdominis
rectus rectus abdominisabdominis
rectus abdominis
tendinous intersectionstendinous intersections
an additional muscle
PyramidalisPyramidalis
Muscles of the Trunk
PyramidalisPyramidalis
Rectus Sheath
Rectus Sheath
level of arcuate line
linea semicircularis
Rectus Sheath – upper 3/4
transversus transversus abdominisabdominis
internal obliqueinternal oblique
external obliqueexternal oblique
transversalis fasciatransversalis fascia
peritoneuperitoneumm
linea albalinea alba
extraperitoneal extraperitoneal fatfat
skinskin
s/c s/c tissuetissue
Muscles of the Trunk
transversus transversus abdominisabdominis
internal obliqueinternal oblique
external external obliqueoblique
transversalis fasciatransversalis fascia
peritoneumperitoneum
upper three quarters lower quarter
arcuate line linea semicircularis
or Douglas' line
SpigelianSpigelianHerniaHernia
The EndThe End
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