The ABC’s of Science
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Transcript of The ABC’s of Science
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The ABC’s of Science
Day 2: Intro to Physical Science Metric System:
Temperature Volume
Mass
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And now….
Temperature…
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Eureka! Temperature
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TemperatureTemperature
• In science, temperature is mainly measured using the Celsius temperature scale.
• The temperature scale is based on the freezing and boiling points of water.
• The freezing point of water is 0o C. • The boiling point of water is 100o C. • Human body temp is about 37o C.
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Measuring Temperature: You Measuring Temperature: You Try It!Try It!
1. What is the temperature recorded by the thermometer?
Answer: 32 °C
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Measuring Temperature: You Measuring Temperature: You Try It!Try It!
2. What is the temperature recorded by the thermometer?
Answer: 17.5 °C
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Measuring Temperature: You Measuring Temperature: You Try It!Try It!
3. What is the temperature recorded by the thermometer?
Answer: 21 °C
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Measuring TemperatureMeasuring Temperature
• In the International System (SI), temperature is measured in Kelvin.
• The kelvin scale is based on absolute zero, the coldest possible temperature.
• This temperature corresponds to -273o C• 0oC = 273 K• 100oC = 373 K
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And now….
Volume…
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How to measure Volume
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VolumeVolume• Have you ever heard someone
say “this shampoo gives my hair a lot of volume!!!”
• What does that mean?• Volume means to take up
space.• Or, volume is the amount of
space occupied by an object• So if someone’s hair has a lot
of volume, that means it occupies a lot of space.
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Volume of Rectangular Objects
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Volume of Volume of Solid Solid RectangularRectangular Objects Objects
• For solid rectangular objects, the volume is the length x width x height.
• V = l x w x h• A cubic meter (m3) is a unit
of volume. • A cubic meter is a very large
unit - it contains 1,000,000 cubic centimeters.
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You try it! Volume of You try it! Volume of Solid Solid RectangularRectangular Objects Objects
4. What is the volume of this solid?
• V = l x w x h• V = 4cm x 1cm x 2cm• V = 8 cm3
5. What is the volume of this solid?
• V = 3cm x 3cm x 3cm• V = 27 cm3
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Volume of Volume of LiquidsLiquids• For liquid objects, we use graduated cylinders to
measure the volume.• In cooking, we may also use measuring cups,
teaspoons or tablespoons.• The level of a liquid in a graduated cylinder shows
the volume of the liquid. • A liter (L) is that is usually used to express volume• A soft drink bottle is a 2-liter bottle.• For smaller volumes, we use:
– milliliter (ml)– cubic centimeter (cm3).
• 1 liter contains 1000 milliliters or 1000 cubic centimeters.
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Accuracy is Accuracy is EverythingEverything
• To read the volume of the liquid, note the level at the bottom of the curve.
• We call this the
meniscus.
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You try it!You try it!
9. What is the volume in ml? 73 ml
10. What is the volume in ml? 21.5 ml
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Reading the Meniscus
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Volume of Volume of LiquidsLiquids• Do these graduated cylinder have
the same volume of liquid in them? YES! How can that be??? One is a 100-mL cylinder & the
other is a 50-mL cylinder.• Which one is better to use
to measure this liquid?– The smaller one!!!
• Why? Better Accuracy! The smaller the cylinder, the
smaller the increments on the cylinder, which means a more accurate result.
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Volume of Volume of Liquids-Liquids-BUT look at this!BUT look at this!
• Both of these cylinders have exactly 50 mL of water.
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Volume of Volume of Solid Irregular ObjectsObjects
• So, how would I measure the volume of an irregular object such as a key?
• I can’t measure the sides and I can’t use a measuring cup.
• But I CAN still use a graduated cylinder.
• Simply submerge the object in the graduated cylinder and record the difference in water level.
• We call this the displacement method.
• You will practice it during our lab this week
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Volume
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And now….
Mass…
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Weight vs Mass
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Mass Mass ReviewReview
• Mass is the amount of matter in an object.
• It’s measured on a balance (also called a triple beam balance).
• Mass is measured in grams or kilograms.
• A science book is about 1.3 kilograms.
• A large paperclip is about 1 gram.
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Balances Parts to KnowBalances Parts to Know• They are very delicate and prone to breakage.• NEVER pick one up by the balance beams!
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Review:Review:Reading the Balance: You Try Reading the Balance: You Try
It!It!
1. What does this balance read?323.5
grams
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Reading the Balance: You Try Reading the Balance: You Try It!It!
2. What does this balance read?201.9
grams
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Reading the Balance: You Try Reading the Balance: You Try It!It!
3. What does this balance read?509.3
grams
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Measurement Review• Brainpop: Measuring Matter
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How did you do??
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Homework Problems
• At the end of this lecture are 2 pages of problems called:
Now it’s Your Turn: Metric Measurement• These problems will be due on: Friday• Remember tomorrow (or Wed) is a lab day.• Be sure you are wearing appropriate
shirts & shorts, ladies.