The 3rd INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM OF ARCHAEOLOGY FROM WATTLE AND DAUB TO MORTAR

7/22/2019 The 3rd INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM OF ARCHAEOLOGY FROM WATTLE AND DAUB TO MORTAR

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Ministerstvo za Kultura

NU Zavod za za{tita na spomeniciteRepublika Makedonija

na kulturata i Muzej - Strumica

Ministry of Culture NI Institute for protection of cultural

Republic of Macedonia monuments and Museum-Strumica

TRET ME\UNARODEN SIMPOZIUM PO ARHEOLOGIJA

OD PLITAR DO MALTER

PROGRAMA I ABSTRAKTI

The 3rd

INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM OF ARCHAEOLOGY

FROM WATTLE AND DAUB TO MORTAR

PROGRAMME AND ABSTRAKTS

Urednik: Vane P.Sekulov

Edited by Vane P.Sekulov

HOTELTIVERIOPOL

HOTEL TIVERIOPOLSTRUMICA/STRUMICA

31.10-3.11.2013


2/11

31.10.2013 / Thursday

17.00- , Arrival of participants and accommodation at the hotel Tiveriopol, Strumica

20.00

Official opening of the Symposium

INSCRIPTIONES STOBORUM od .: Promotion of the monograph INSCRIPTIONES STOBORUM bySlavica Babamova.Promoter of the book: Lence Jovanova

Introduction Cocktail

01.11.2013 / Friday

7.30-8.30 / Breakfast

9.00-13.001

stsession, moderator / Zoran Rujak

1. / Dragisa Zdravkovski / Museum of Macedonia Skopie, Macedonia .

2.Adam CrnobrnjaNational Museum Serbia, Belgrade

3.Gheorghe Lazarovici, Ion CojocaruLucian Blaga University Sibiu, Romania / House of culture Caransebe, Romania Landschaft and the architecture of the Neolithic and copper age communites

4. . / Vane P.Sekulov /NI Institute for protection of cultural monuments and Museum Strumica, Macedonia .

The Small Bath from the Late Roman thermal spa in the village of Bansko

5.Marko JankovicUniversity of Belgrade, Serbia

Rimska kupatila na teritoriji Gornje Mezije

/ Discussion

, / Break with coffee and tea or something else

6.Ilija Kulov

Regional Museum of History-Blagoevgrad, Bulgaria

. . .

6.Ivan VranicArchaeological Institute Belgrade, Serbia

Kamena arhitektura na lokalitetu Kale u Krsevica, primer hibridizacije i izgradnje identiteta u gvozdeno doba BalkanaStone architecture at the archeological site of Kale-Krsevica, an example of hybridization and construction of the

Balkan Iron Age identities.

7.Daniela Agre, Dean DichevThe National Institute of Archaeology with Museum of the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences -V- ...


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8. , , / Magdalena Manaskova, Julijana Ivanova, Blagica Stojanova / Vinica City Museum, Macedonia

Late Antique Residential Objects from the Archaeological Site Kale-Vinica

/ Discussion

13.30-14.30 / L unch

15.00-19.00

2nd

session, moderator / Ivan Vranic

1. / Zoran Rujak / NI Institute for protection of cultural monuments and Museum Strumica, Macedonia

2.Malgorzata Kulova

Regional Museum of History-Blagoevgrad, Bulgaria Construction practices during the Neolithic and Chalcolithic Period in the Middle Struma River Valley, SouthwesternBulgaria

3.Emilija Nikolic, Dragana Rogi,Ivana Deli

Archaeological Institute Belgrade, Institute for Testing of MaterialsIMS Belgrade, Serbia Hydraulicity of Roman Lime Mortars Studied Through Examples of Viminacium Buildings

4. / Marina Oncevska Todorovska / City Museum Skopie, Macedonia Opus caementicum Skupi

5.Ivan Alduk

Conservation Department in Imotski, Croatia Srednjovjekove utvrde u zaleu Dalmacije - odabrani primjeri

/ Discussion


6.Ina MiloglavUniversity of Zagreb, Croatia

Siscia: example of developed Roman urbanismSiscia: primjer razvijene rimske urbanizacije

7. / Lence Jovanova / City Museum Skopie, Macedonia

Skupi

8.Svetla PetrovaThe National Institute of Archaeology with Museum of the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences / ,

Urban planning and architecture of the ancient and earlybyzantine city /, province ofMacedonia

/ Discussion

19.30/ Dinner

Visit to the old traditional house in Strumica - ethno museum


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02.11.2013 / Saturday

7.30-8.30 / Breakfast

9.00-13.30

3rd session, moderator / Svetla Petrova

1.

/ Elena Kanzurova / Museum of Macedonia Skopie, Macedonia .

Neolithichouse in the territory of the Republic of Macedonia

2. Peter TurkNational Museum of Slovenia Naseobinske strukture krajem neolitika i poetkom bakarnog doba na jugoistonom (pred)alpskom prostoru

3. / Trajce Nacev / Goce Delcev University of Stip, Macedonia

4.

Slavko CigleneckiInstitute of Archaeology Ljubljana, Slovenia V borbi za preivetje: zadnje oblike podeelskih bivali ob zatonu antike

Fighting for survival: final forms of countryside architecture in the twilight of Antiquity"

5. / Slavica Taseva / /NI Institute for protection of cultural monuments and Museum Strumica, Macedonia

Diskusija / Discussion


6.

Cornelia-Magda Lazarovici, Gheorghe LazaroviciInstitute of Archaeology Iai, Romania / Lucian Blaga University Sibiu, Romania Copper age houses. Between archaological data, ethnographic evidences and practical reconstructions

7. , / Anica Gorgievska, Dimitar Gorgievski, / NI Institute for protection of cultural monuments and Museum Bitola, Macedonia Heraklea Linkestis

8. / Kiro Ristov / City Museum Skopie, Macedonia (Tauresium),

/ Discussion

13.30-14.30 / Lunch

15.30

., . . . .Visit of Late roman thermal spaBansko and churches: St. Leontij - Vodocha and St. Bogorodica Eleusa- Veljusa

20.00

Off ici al close of the Symposium

03.11.2013 / Sunday

7.30-8.30 /Breakfas


5/11

Departure of participants

ABSTRAKTI / ABSTRAKTS

/ Dragisa Zdravkovski / Museum of Macedonia Skopie, Macedonia .

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Adam CrnobrnjaNational Museum Serbia, Belgrade

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Gheorghe Lazarovici, Ion CojocaruLucian Blaga University Sibiu, Romania / House of culture Caransebe, Romania Landschaft and the architecture of the Neolithic and copper age communites

Human communities with an entire subsystem (economic, material culture, social and religious life, community psychology, family)defined by archaeologists in terms of culture / civilization live and evolve in space and time in a Landschaft determined by the geo-zonal and local

area and defined by the natural (natural system, environment, geology of the landscape, geography, flora, fauna etc.) studied by various disciplines

(paleobotany, paleozoology, palynology, geoarchaeology, socioarchaeology, etnoreligion etc.).

Based on large interdisciplinary studies and research archaeologists have defined some ambient environmental processes for different areas

of the Black Sea, such as Central and Eastern Balkans and Central Europe, both based on geological drillings and data obtained for Greenland and

C14 data in those areas.

The main object of our study is the ground. Quality of human life depends largely on the quality of soil, its age and characteristics.

The study and soil analysis plays an important role providing archaeologist data for interpreting stratigraphy, for the detection of residues

(especially in soils A and B) helping to deduct occupations (seeds, charred organic remains as skin, hair, string, straw and so on); in the same timeoffers direct information about the environment (vegetation) or indirect ones (erosion, silting etc.), very useful information for understanding the

geographic changes that occur in certain units over time.

How Romanian territory is located in southern Central Europe - Central Europe is approx. 15 km NE of Sighet, in Maramure region, innorthern Romania - the processes taking place is between these two areas. Neolithic and Copper Age of the mentioned areas are in the optimal

period climate as defined by Henrieta Todorova and T. Vajsov.

Our study is based on soil analyzes carried out several years ago (Gura Baciului Iclod A, Iclod B (S39 undisturbed stratigraphy, Neolithic

ditch), Cluj - Baba Novac, Baciu-Strada Nou, Tureni (Tumul, Carier, Poderei)1, Para S7, S8 and Bucov); these followed the humus evolutionand K2O analyzes related with fires and human activities on sites or in their area, as well as P2O5 in relation with zones used for domestic animals

or decomposition of animal bones because of the humic acids in soils.

Another concern was related to the evolution and dynamics of architecture in some civilizations from the Neolithic and Copper Age, and

housing developments from hut to house, using various types of dwelling, such as hut, pit house, semi-subterranean house, and house with a room

or with more rooms until storey house. The use of such sort of dwellings for living is determined by social factors (small family, large family,

community), by economic ones, as well as by alien influences on the system and subsystem.The paper presents for some civilizations the architecture dynamic related with the main activities, permanent housing or seasonal ones,

main or secondary settlements.

. / Vane P.Sekulov /NI Institute for protection of cultural monuments and Museum Strumica, Macedonia .

The Small Bath from the Late Roman thermal spa in the village of Bansko

The Small Bath from the Late Roman thermal spa, although not fully researched, has been worked on in the last 3 research campaigns:2008, 2010 and 2012. For the time being we have a building with a very unusual content. One part is constructed classically in the tradition of the

Roman building heritage, and the other part is inserted under the thick limestone layers created by the millennia-long depositing of the water of the

thermo-mineral spring.


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The Small Bath is 9 m east of the Great Bath. The classical part is with orientation SW -SE, with an irregular geometric shape, that is allthe four sides are with different dimensions, with a useful area of 104.34 m. It consists of 4 premises: 2 smaller ones at the southwest side and 2

larger ones at the northeast side. All are connected with each other by doors. The two smaller premises are in function of the larger ones, either as

entrances or as change rooms. The northeast premises used to function as swimming pools. All 4 premises used to be arched with bricks and only

one of the arches has remained completely preserved. In the smaller ones the floor is leveled onto the limestone basis while in the rooms that

functioned as swimming pools it is in opus spicatum. The walls are of hydrostatic mortar in several layers. The supply of thermal-mineral water

was through the roof and from pipes under the roof it fell to the floor.

The fifth room was in fact the cave that stretched to the west of the building. In this room, which is with an area of 26.4 m, one can enterthrough a portal of two monolith stone plates, the upper part of which is inserted in limestone that is shaped as a triangle timpanon. The room has

no constructed walls or ceiling; instead the surrounding limestone is used to function as walls and ceiling. The central element is the pool that has

a pentagon shape, with an area of 12.21 m and depth up to 1.10 m. It was constructed of stone and then roughcast with a hydrostatic mortar. Its

bottom is paved with large massive and irregular stone plates. The space between plates is also filled with water-resistant mortar, while the larger

spaces are filled with fragments of bricks and tegulae. One can descend the floor through two steps in the north-east corner.

In the absence of enough quantity of chronologically sensitive archaeological material, and when the architecture itself together with the

style of construction of the building has no particular stylistic and temporal characteristics, only the way in which the two central rooms for

bathing are paved can offer the answer to the question when the Small Bath was built. Opus spicatum is a technique that was widely spread on the

territory of the Roman Empire with buildings of various type and character. What is common for all of them is that they were constructed in the

time of the dynasties of the Flavius and Antonine, after the middle of the first and somewhat until nearly the end of the 2nd century.

Marko Jankovic

University of Belgrade, Serbia Rimska kupatila na teritoriji Gornje Mezije

Kupatila kao zasebni objekti za odravanje higijene predstavljaju rimski produkt kad je u pitanju prostor Gornje Mezije, a slini objektinisu do sada arheoloki detektovani u prethodnim periodima. Kada je u pitanju pro stor zapadnog i centralnog Balkana, do sada se o rimskimkupatilima govorilo najvie u kontekstu medicine i zdravlja, dok su druge aktivnosti bile manje eksploatisane od strane strune zajednice. Iskustva

kolega koji se ovim problemom bave na prostoru dananje zapadne Evrope, severne Afrike ili Bliskog istoka govore o tome da su kupatila zapravopredstavljala jednu vrstu drutvenih klubova rimskog perioda, i da su se u njima obavljale i mnoge druge aktivnosti koje nisu nuno u direktnojvezi sa odravanjem higijene i zdravog ivota. Ovaj rad predstavlja pokuaj da se revizijom starih rezultata pojasni slika o kupatilima GornjeMezije upravo u kontekstu sekundarnih aktivnosti. Na osnovu analize arhitekture graevine, ali i pokretnih nalaza iz kupatila moe sepretpostaviti itav niz aktivnosti poput igranja drutvenih igara, sviranja muzikih instrumenata ili pletenja. S druge strane, neke od prostorijasluile su i za odmor na otvorenom, a verovatno se radi o vrtovima i vebalitima. Ovako kontekstualizovana rimska kupatila pruaju malodrugaiju sliku o ivotu stanovnika rimske provincije Gornje Mezije, i omoguavaju nam da sagledamo aspekte njihove svakodnevnice.

Ivan VranicArchaeological Institute Belgrade, Serbia Kamena arhitektura na lokalitetu Kale u Krsevica, primer hibridizacije i izgradnje identiteta u gvozdeno doba Balkana

Stone architecture at the archeological site of Kale-Krsevica, an example of hybridization and construction of the

Balkan Iron Age identities.Nalazi arhitekture koji su tema ovog referata potiu sa naselja oznaenih u literaturi u regionu razliitim imenima ranoantika naselja,

helenizovana naselja, naselja mlaeg gvozdenog doba i sl. Osnovni predmet istraivanja jesu drutvene promene u okviru lokalnih zajednicakoje se esto nazivaju helenizacijom, a manifestuju se mnogobrojnim novim oblicima materijalne kulture, ukljuujui i arhitekturu.Pojava specifinih tehnika gradnje, u literaturi esto nazivane grkom arhitekturom, sredinom i drugoj polovinu prvog milenijuma pre n.

e. svedoi o veoma intenzivnim kontaktima zajednica na Balkanu sa mediteranskim svetom. Bedemi utvrenja, smetenih duboko u unutranjostipoluostrva, zidani pravilno obraenim kamenim kvaderima, erpiom i pokrivani krovnim opekama, grobnice, kao i mnoge druge javne graevinekarakteristine za istoni Mediteran, predstavljaju materijalne tragove znaajnih drutvenih promena u okvirima lokalnih zajednica. Ovo irenjearhitektonskih znanja i praksi, kao i opte intenziviranje ekonomskih i kulturnih kontakata na veoma irokoj teritoriji, proizvodi izmenjendrutveni kontekst koji se u formi arheolokih tragova dokumentuje potronjom materijalne kulture karakteristine za grki svet. Proceshelenizacije izgradnja novih hibridnih identiteta u lokalnim okvirima koji imaju novo, specifino i drugaije znaenje, jeste jedno odnajvanijih problema mlae praistorije na Balkanu. U tom smislu, interpretacija nastanka i naina korienja pomenute arhitekture predstavljaneizostavni korak u tumaenju veoma vanog procesa izgradnje novih identiteta tokom gvozdenog doba na Balkanu.

Lokalite Kale u Krevici, smeten u okolini Vranja u jugoistonoj Srbiji, predstavlja jedno od mnogobrojnih naselja pomenut ihkarakteristika. Veoma zanimljiva arhitektura na ovom lokalitetu posluie kao primer za tumaenje navedenih drutvenih promena

Daniela Agre, Dean Dichev

The National Institute of Archaeology with Museum of the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences -V- ...

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- , . , , / Magdalena Manaskova, Julijana Ivanova, Blagica Stojanova / Vinica City Museum, Macedonia

Late Antique Residential Objects from the Archaeological Site Kale-VinicaThe archaeological site Kale is located on a small hill in the south-western part of todays modern Vinica and itis known mostly because of

the exclusive finds from the 5-th and the beginning of the 6-th century - the terracotta reliefs with Christian motifs, known by its popular name asterracotta icons.

A section of the ancient traffic network in the Bregalnica River area reached this fortified city, which name is still unknown. The last

elation of the Roman Empire in the time of Justinian I (527-565) can be observed in the architectonic remains on the Kale Fortress. Thearchitectonic complex from the 5-6 century consists of objects build in the spirit of the new living philosophy. Justinian renews the city walls, and

from the latest excavations (2008-2011) a few houses were discovered on the north-east terrace of the site, as well as the objects for military

purpose by the south-west fortification wall.

This article refers on two residential objects, from which on was eventually used as a church residence.

/ Zoran Rujak / NI Institute for protection of cultural monuments and Museum Strumica, Macedonia

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Malgorzata KulovaRegional Museum of History-Blagoevgrad, Bulgaria

Construction practices during the Neolithic and Chalcolithic Period in the Middle Struma River Valley, SouthwesternBulgaria

In the Middle Struma river valley, quite a big number of data about architecture, construction techniques during Neolithic and Chalcolithic

period are collected, due to the intensive archeological excavations in the past 30 years. Particular contribution in the developpement of this

problematic have investigations on the settlements : Balgartchevo, Kovatchevo Ilindentsi Brezhani, Drenkovo, Strumsko and Kolarovo. It is

established that in the construction of houses is used not only technique wattle and daub, typical for the Central Balkans but also mud and split

poles and pis. Houses were built on the surface or partially cut-in, but also with underground premise for better isolation from moisture.

Non-destructive studies of Early Neolithic settlements Brezhani and Drenkovo (Garleshki nivi) provide preliminary data about the

organization of the village and the existence of pre-setting system of boundaries with possible protective functions. In Strumsko settlement from

the end of the Late Neolithic and the beginning of the Early Chalcolithic palisade constructed of shaft and wooden stakes with similar functions

was registered. Inside the settlements not only the houses were found but also and other facilities as well, a water canal and dug premises for

economical work. They provide a more complete picture of the settlement and activities carried out within.

Emilija Nikolic, Dragana Rogi,Ivana Deli

Archaeological Institute Belgrade, Institute for Testing of MaterialsIMS Belgrade, Serbia Hydraulicity of Roman Lime Mortars Studied Through Examples of Viminacium Buildings

Although first archaeological ex cavations of Viminacium, one of the biggest archaeological sites in Serbia today, were started in 1882,

laboratory research on lime mortars used in structures of its buildings was never conducted until 2011, when planning for conservation of

amphitheatre, the biggest building ever found in Viminacium, and the only Roman amphitheatre being excavated in Serbia, began.

The laboratory research from 2011 provided results about the lime mortar properties and composition, and gave input for later and todaystudies about possible materials Romans used for lime mortar preparation. Until this research, it was only known that brick as an artificial

pozzolanic material was used for obtaining better characteristics of Roman mortar in present-day Serbia. However, this research has shown that

builders of Viminacium used also some other admixtures during the lime mortar preparation, that significantly improved mortar characteristics.

Their origin should be carefully investigated in future.

Some scientists share common opinion that only non-hydraulic mortars were used for building structures in Roman periphery. Among the

results of the laboratory research on Viminacium lime mortars, there are no specifically defined data about their hydraulicity. However, by mutual

comparing of some values resulted from the laboratory research, we can get some very valuable assumptions about this important feature of

Roman lime mortars.

/ Marina Oncevska Todorovska / City Museum Skopie, Macedonia Opus caementicum Skupi

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Ivan AldukConservation Department in Imotski, Croatia Srednjovjekove utvrde u zaleu Dalmacije - odabrani primjeri

Svojevrsni procvat arhitektura fortifikacija u unutranjosti Dalmacije (i openito) doivljava u razdoblju od druge polovice 13. do poetka16. stoljea. U spomenutom e vremenu na podruju od Velebita i Zrmanje do Neretve (ne uzimajui pri tome u obzir fortifikacije gradskihsredita) nastati negdje oko 100 do 150 razliitih utvrenja, bilo da se radi o jednostavnim kulama -promatranicama, sjeditima pojedinih lokalnihvelikaa (katelima, dvorcima), sreditima razliitih teritorijalnih jedinica i posjeda, utvrdama odakle manja vojna posada kontrolira putove itd.Veliki broj tih mjesta biti e u upotrebi i tijekom osmanske vlasti na ovim prostorima od poetka 16. do poetka 18. stoljea.

Tvrave i utvreni gradovi na prostoru dalmatinske unutranjosti u srednjem vijeku u potpunosti prate sve promjene na ovom tipu

arhitekture koje se odvijaju diljem Europe a rezultat su ponajvie promjena u nainu ratovanja i opsjedanja te pojave novih vrsta oruja. Ipak,pojedine nisu bile samo strateke lokacije s naglaenim vojnim i ratnim sadrajima ve se u njima intenzivno ivjelo od pripadnikanajpoznatijih velikakih obitelji srednjovjekovne Dalmacije i Hrvatske do sveenitva, posluge, vojnih posada itd. Analizirajui sauvanuarhitekturu odabranih primjera i kombinirajui te rezultate s povijesnim izvorima i arheolokim nalazima pokuat emo stvorit sliku o ivotu unjima u vremenu od 14. do 18. stoljea.

Ilija KulovRegional Museum of History-Blagoevgrad, Bulgaria . . .

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Ina MiloglavUniversity of Zagreb, Croatia Siscia: example of developed Roman urbanism

Siscia: primjer razvijene rimske urbanizacijeArheoloki lokaliteti koji se nalaze u urbanim i povijesno-urbanim cjelinama, osim to su izloeniji invazivnim zahvatima, zahtijevaju

kompleksan pristup u pogledu istraivanja, konzervacije i prezentacije.Dananji grad Sisak razvio se direktno na ostacima rimske Siscije, iji separametri u potpunosti preklapaju, stoga takvi uvjeti zahtjevaju odgovarajuu strategiju za arheoloka i geofizika istraivanja.

Prema sveukupnim dosadanjim saznanjim rimska Siscija pokrivala je povrinu od oko 50 ha unutar gradskih zidina i oko 200 ha koji

pripadaju ostacima 5 nekropola koje se, formirane oko prilaznih cesta, nalaze izvan zidina.Zahvaljujui arheolokim istraivanjima u posljednih 50 godina, otkriveni su ostaci monumentalne javne arhitektura (horreum, thermae,

luka, kompleks sjevernih gradskih vrata), reprezentativne (domus) i skromnije stambene arhitekture (insulae), te dijelovi urbane infrastrukture

(ulice i gradska kanalizacija). Za utvrivanje parametara gradskog prostora Siscije osobito je znaajan nalaz veih poteza gradskih zidina nanekoliko kljunih lokacija u gradu, a rezultati provedenih istraivanja postupno potvruju status Siscije kao snanog ekonomskog, politikog iduhovnog sredita rimske provincije Panonije

Unutarurbane strukture dananjeg Siskapostoji nekoliko slobodnih arheolokih zona koje se kroz planiranu konzervaciju i prezentacijunamjeravaju pretvoriti u zone Arheolokog parka.

Posebno se izdvajaju dvije arheoloke zone (Sv. Kri i Sv. Kvirin) koje se sustavno istrauju, konzerviraju i prezentiraju, a predstavljajudvije potpuno razliite urbane zone/kvarta. Arheoloka zona Sv. Kri, koja se nalazi u samom centru Siska, morala je korespondirati sa vezadanim drutvenim i kulturnim zadatostima u urbanom ambijentu, a da se pri tom ne narue vrijednosti i interpretacija arheolokih nalaza.Lokalitet Sv. Kri, koji predstavlja juni potez gradskih zidina, istraivan je i prezentiran in situ u razdoblju od 19972001. godine.

S druge strane arheoloka zona Sv. Kvirin, ukupne povrine 1.5 ha, nalazi se u potpuno drugaijem urbanistikom okruenju, uindustrijskom i pomalo zaputenom sjevernom dijelu Siska. Dosadanjim istraivanjima, koja sustavno traju od 2003. god., otkriveni su dijelovistambenih i javnih graevina, ulice i trgovi , monumentalna sjeverna gradska vrata s djelovima gradskih zidina, te gradska infrastruktura iz

razdoblja od 14. st. Na neizgraenom i neistraenom podruju zone Sv. Kvirin oekuje se gusta urbana struktura Siscije formirana u nekolikogradskih insula to potvruju i rezultati geofizikih istraivanja. itavo podruje proglaeno je Arheolokim parkom te uvrteno u gradskuprostorno plansku dokumentaciju jer je prepoznato kao idealan primjer prezentiranja razvijene rimske urbanizacije.

/ Lence Jovanova / City Museum Skopie, Macedonia Skupi


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Svetla PetrovaThe National Institute of Archaeology with Museum of the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences / ,

Urban planning and architecture of the ancient and earlybyzantine city /, province ofMacedonia , ,

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/ Elena Kanzurova

/ Museum of Macedonia Skopie, Macedonia . Neolithichouse in the territory of the Republic of MacedoniaRemains of residential architecture of the Neolithic period are recorded in all Macedonian excavated sites but only few of them have been

defined architectonic wholeness with immovable inventory that offer the possibility of reconstruction of the material and spiritual life in the

Neolithic.Most ofthe presentedcompletelyorpartiallyexcavated Neolithichouseschronologicallybelong totheMiddleNeolithicorthe Anzabegovo-

Vrnikand partofVeluina-Porodincultural group as an integralpartofBalkan-Anatolian Neolithicbuilding tradition.The basic Neolithic architectural concept accepted in other regions is applied in Macedonian Neolithic houses but some of them have their

own specifics that will be presented in this article.

Peter TurkNational Museum of Slovenia Naseobinske strukture krajem neolitika i poetkom bakarnog doba na jugoistonom (pred)alpskom prostoru

Kao i u svim ostalim vidicima, neolitizacija na tlu kontinentalne (tj. sredinje i istone) Slovenije i u vidu stalnih naseobina poinjerelativne kasno, tijekom prve polovice 5. tisuljea pr. Kr. Razlozi za tako kasnu neolitizaciju su sloeni, a vjerojatno su, u najveoj mjeri,povezani sa specifinim prirodnim osobinama tih prostora (specifino tlo, brdovitost, intenzivan umski biotop, ), vrlo slino kao i u susjednimregijama june Austrije i zapadne Hrvatske. S druge strane, najstarije pojavljivanje neolitikih fenomena na tim prostorima ( lokalna savska grupalengyelske kulture, 4 8004 500 godinapr. Kr.) neobino je intenzivno i kompleksno.

Predstavljeni e biti mogui razlozi za taj prodor neolitizacije, od novo uspostavljenih transeuropskih trgovakih putova, preko traenjainteresantnih lokalnih kamenina (i ruda?) za orue (i metalurku preradu?), do poetka lokalnog iskoritavanja resursa za stono-zemljoradnikuprivredu.

Kompleksnost naseobinskih struktura savske grupe lengyelske kulture razvidna je u istovremenom pojavljivanju sojenica, otvorenih

neutvrenih naseobina, naseobina na uzdignutim rijenim terasama, i gradina, utvrenih visinskih naseobina. Predstavljeni e biti pojedinaniprimjeri svakog od navedenih tipova, a njihova intenzivnost i kompleksnost toga vremena, u usporedbi sa (skoro) potpunom odsutnounaseobinskih tragova u prethodnom razdoblju, ukazivati e na primarno prisvajanje prostora tipaLandnahme.

/ Trajce Nacev / Goce Delcev University of Stip, Macedonia

5 .. 7 , .

(opuscaementicum, opus incertum ), (opus guadratum, opus mixtum, opus testaceum, opus vitatum,opus emplektion, ).


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Slavko CigleneckiInstitute of Archaeology Ljubljana, Slovenia V borbi za preivetje: zadnje oblike podeelskih bivali ob zatonu antike

Fighting for survival: final forms of countryside architecture in the twilight of Antiquity"V asu pozne antike so izjemno dinamina vojako -politina dogajanja kot tudi zapletena ekonomsko-administrativna problematikapovzroili razpad prej logino zgrajene naselbinske strukture. Nastal je pester spekter naselbinskih oblik, ki se odraa deloma v kontinuitetinaselbinske kulture rimskega obdobja, hkrati pa se pojavljajo tipi naselbin, ki obnavljajo stare prazgodovinske oblike bivali kot tudi inovacije, kinapovedujejo e tipine srednjeveke zasnove naselbin. Tem naselbinskim oblikam je v celotipodrejena bivalna arhitektura, ki dosee velikopestrost bivali, vse od preprostih stavb v utrjenih gorskih naselbinah, preko e delno vzdrevanih mestnih in podeelskih vil, pa vse do najboljreprezentannih cesarskih vil, ki so prav v obmoju Ilirika dosegle svoj vrhunec. Po pregledu nekaterih znailnejih oblik bo posebna pozornostposveena problemu soasnega obstoja ruralne arhitekture v mestih, kot na drugi strani pojavu kvalitetno izdelanih bivali v odmaknjenih inveinoma utrjenih podeelskih naselbinah. Avtor bo skual odgovoriti na vpraanje ali gre za premike doloenih delov prebivalstva, izguboprepoznavnosti mestnih naselbin, drugano socialno ali etnino vsebino, ali celo samo za slabo raziskanost, ki botruje naemu nepoznavanju. Pritem se bo opiral na nekaj bolje raziskanih najdi v irem obmoju Ilirika in Italije, ki dovoljujejo prve sklepe in historine odgovore.

/ Slavica Taseva /NI Institute for protection of cultural monuments and Museum Strumica, Macedonia

Neosvoivata tvrdina Carevi Kuli vo Strumica, koja ja opkruùvaat debeliteimala organiziranaurbana vnatre{na struktura .

Nea ja so~inuvale ìveali{ta (stambeni objekti),stopanski objekti, rabotilnici, cisterni,

granariumiSite ovie objekti bile povrzani so uli~na mreà koja funkcionirala za nivni potrebi.Uli~nata mreà formirala i mali plo{tadi na koi imalo jami za prifa}awe na

do`dovnicata(bunari).

@ivotot vo tvrdinata se odvival soglasno potrebite na ìtelite, vo eden funkcionalen sklop na

objekti, sekoj za sebe poseben ,no site zaedno vo edna funkcionalna vrska.

Cornelia-Magda Lazarovici, Gheorghe Lazarovici

Institute of Archaeology Iai, Romania / Lucian Blaga University Sibiu, Romania Copper age houses. Between archaological data, ethnographic evidences and practical reconstructions

Copper Age brought more news in the life of prehistoric communities, some of which are visible in terms of living space and or those

dedicated to the domestic activities. Problem of the Copper Age dwellings continues to attract the attention of various researchers in different

geographical areas. For Romanian territory we have realized the first overview of the Neolithic and Copper Age architecture in which we analyzed

all types of dwellings and inner arrangements within settlements.

In this study we aimed to present some of the main types of houses used by Romanian prehistoric communities of this era, types that arefound in several Romanian civilizations or in the neighboring areas. We will mark the qualities offered by these types, the most important inner

arrangements, as well as interpretations regarding their functionality.

Some types of houses were graphic reconstructed by different authors based on archaeological evidences. We pay increased attention to the

ethnographic data (dwellings from Romanian ethnographic open air museums: Village Museum Bucureti; Astra Museum Sibiu;Transylvanian Ethnographic Museum Cluj Napoca; Ethnographic Museum Sighet), to the few steel preserved old houses from differenthistorical provinces, as well as to the actual reconstructions made by different group of archaeologists. All these represent a very importanttreasure for understanding the life of prehistoric communities, to their knowledge and powerful experience.

In conclusion, as for other aspects of the life of Copper Age communities homes are a complex universe, combining the knowledge of

many raw materials, the manner of handling them, option for some materials, even knowledge of practical geometry (in terms of size and sharing

space).

Religion and magic-religious practices have their place in the life of these communities, as shown within the house, one of the places with

the most complex meanings.

, / Anica Gorgievska, Dimitar Gorgievski, / NI Institute for protection of cultural monuments and Museum Bitola, Macedonia Heraklea Linkestis

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/ Kiro Ristov / City Museum Skopie, Macedonia (Tauresium),


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The 3rd INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM OF ARCHAEOLOGY FROM WATTLE AND DAUB TO MORTAR

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