The 3 Edition of International Congress: Microbial...

The 3th Edition of International Congress: Microbial Biotechnologies for Development

2


III

Dépôt Légal : 2016MO3962

ISBN : 978-9954-38-547-0


IV

Acknowledgments

This event would not have been possible without the effective contribution of :

- The honorable international and national guest speakers,

- All particpants and scientific contributors

- The International Steering committe

- The Scientfic Committe

- The Organazing committe

- The Local Support Committe

- The book abstract Edition Committe.

The financial support of Co-organizers and Partnraires:

- The Moroccan Association of Biotechnologies and Protection of Natural Resources

(MICROBIONA)

- Laboratory of Virology Microbiology, Quality and Biotechnologies/ Ecotoxicology and Biodiversity

- Centre de Recherche Ressources Naturelles Santé et Agroalimentaire

- Faculty of Sciences and Techniques‐Mohammedia,

- Faculty of Sciences Ben M’sik

- University of Hassan II de Casablanca

- University of Hassan 1 -Settat

- University of Mohamed 5 -Rabat

- University of Cadi Ayyad –Marrakech

- Faculty of Science Semlalia -Marrakech

- University of Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah -Fes

- Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnologies-FST-Fes

- International University of Rabat

- Institut de Recherche et de Developpement (IRD)

- The Moroccan Biosafety Association (MOBSA/AMABIOS)

The financial support of sponsors:

- Biopharma Rabat,

- Alliance Global

- Biotechnics Solution

- MCI Mohammedia,

- Genome Biotechnologie

- Biotechnics Solution

- Koutobia

- IsoLab

- AUF

- Fédération Marocaine des Droits du Consommateur

- Forum hispano-marocain

A friendly thought to all of colleagues who didn’t get their visa on time or who didn’t have sufficient

funds to attend to the MICROBIOD3 congress.

We wish to meet you again in future in the next MICROBIOD4 congress.

Thank you for coming for all of you who make the journey to Mohammedia City!

Have a great conference!


V

Book Abstract Board and Contributors

Editor:

Pr.Ennaji M.M., Congress Chairmain of MICROBIOD 3

Authors:

- Pr. Ennaji M.M., Congress Chairmain of MICROBIOD 3

- Pr. Mezrioui N., President of MICROBIONA, FS, Marrakech, Maroc

- Pr. Oufdou K., Past President MICROBIONA and MICROBIOD 1&2, FS, Marrakech, Maroc

- Dr. Senouci S., member of Scientfic committee MICROBIOD3, INH, Rabat, Maroc

- Dr. El Badaoui H, member of Scientfic committee MICROBIOD3, DELM-CNRP, Rabat, Maroc

- Pr. Amghar S., member of Scientfic committee MICROBIOD3, ENS, Rabat, Maroc

- Pr. Barakate M., member of Executive board MICROBIONA and MICROBIOD3, FS, Marrakech, Maroc

- Pr. El Mzibri M., member of Scientfic committee MICROBIOD3, CNESTEN, Rabat, Maroc

- Pr. Saile R., member of Organizaning committee MICROBIOD3,FSBM, Casablanca Maroc

- Pr. Boughribil S., member of Scientfic committee MICROBIOD3, FST, Mohammedia, Maroc

- Khataby K., member of Local committee MICROBIOD3, FST, Mohammedia, Maroc

- Souiri A., member of Local committee MICROBIOD3, FST, Mohammedia, Maroc

- Kasmi Y., member of Local committee MICROBIOD3, FST, Mohammedia, Maroc

Contributors:

All the over 350 accepted and published abstract’s authors have contributed to this book

abstract.

Each contributor is responsible for the content and the results reported in his abstract.

International and National Abstract Review Committee

The 3rd International Conference of Microbioal Biotechnology for Development MICROBIOD3

received over than 480 abstract submissions which were put through a blind, peer-reviewed process

carried out by an international and national panel of reviewers who play a critical role, in designing a

strong scientific programme.

More than 100 specialists from around the world, which we extend our special thanks for the time they

dedicated to the success of the conference and their expertise to serve as peer reviewers, helping to

ensure that the abstracts presented were selected, on the basis of rigorous review and were of the

highest scientific quality.

Abstract Mentors

The Abstract Mentor Programme provides an opportunity for early-career abstract submitters to

receive feedback from experienced abstract submitters on their draft abstracts. The programme links

participants to mentors within the same track to maximize the use of the mentors’expertise.

This edition, 40 mentors reviewed 400 draft abstracts for more 200 researchers, offering them an

opportunity to improve their submissions. Thus, 315 mentees finally submitted an abstract for The

International Conference Microbiod 3, in edition of 2016.

We would like to extend a special thank you to the volunteer abstract mentors, listed in Scientific

committe, whose mentoring helped early career Microbiogical and Biotechnologies researchers

improve the quality of their abstracts.


VI

Honor Committee

- The Minister of Higher Education, Scientific Research and Training

- The Minister of Agriculture and Fisheries

- The Minister of Energy, Mining, Water and the Environment

- The Minister of Health

- The minister of Environment

- The Permanent Secretary of the Hassan II Academy of Sciences and Technologies

- The Director of the National Centre of Scientific and Technical Research

- The President of Hassan II University of Casablanca

- The President of Mohamed V University in Rabat

- The President of Cadi Ayyad University of Marrakech

- The President of Hassan 1er University of Settat

- The President of Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University of Fes

- The President of Chouaib Doukkali University of El Jadida

- The President of Sultan MoulAy Slimane University of Beni Mellal

- The President of Abdelmalek Essaadi University of Tangier

- The President of International University of Rabat

- The Dean of The Faculty of Sciences and Techniques of Mohammedia

- The Dean of The Faculty of Sciences Dhar Mehraz of Fes

- The Director of National School of Business and Management in Casablanca (ENCG)

- The Director of Ecole Normale Supérieure de Casablanca (ENS)

- The Director of Hassan II Intitute of Agronomy and Veterinary Medicine of Rabat (IAV)

- The Director of Pasteur Institute Morocco (IPM)

- The Director of National Institute for Agricultural Research of Rabat (INRA)

- The Director of Research and Development Institute (IRD)

Organizing Committee

- Pr. Aboudkhil S., FST, Mohammedia, Maroc

- Pr. Amine Az., FST, Mohammedia, Maroc

- Pr. Amghar S., ENS, Rabat, Maroc

- Pr. Bahlaoui M. A., FST, Mohammedia, Maroc

- Pr. Barakate M., FS, Marrakech, Maroc

- Pr. Benchakroun M., FST, Settat, Maroc

- Pr. Benchekroun MN, ENCG, Casablanca, Maroc

- Pr. Bessi H., FST, Mohammedia, Maroc

- Pr. Boughribil S., FST, Mohammedia, Maroc

- Pr. Ennaji* M.M., FST, Mohammedia, Maroc

- Pr. Hilali A., FST, Settat, Maroc

- Pr. El Abed S., FST-Fes, Morocco

- Pr. Ibn Souda S., FST, Fes, Morocco

- Pr. Imziln B., FS, Marrakech, Maroc

- Pr. Kerak E., FST, Mohammedia, Maroc

- Pr. Lkhider M., FST, Mohammedia, Maroc

- Pr. Mezrioui N., FS, Marrakech, Maroc

- Pr. Mzibri M., CNESTEN, Rabat, Maroc

- Pr. Oufdou K., FS, Marrakech, Maroc

- Pr. Saile R., FS, Casablanca, Maroc

- Dr. Senouci S., INH, Rabat, Maroc

- Dr. Timinouni M., IPM, Casablanca, Maroc

- Pr. Yacoubi K., FS, Marrakech, Maroc

- Pr. Zyad A., FST, Béni Mellal, Maroc

*Congress Chairman: Pr.Dr. Mouly Mustapha Ennaji

Local Support Organizing committee

- Ait Hammou R., FST, Mohammedia, Maroc

- Boudallaa Y., FST, Settat, Rabat, Maroc

- Ennaji* MM., FST, Mohammedia, Maroc

- Kasmi Y., FST, Mohammedia, Rabat, Maroc

- Khataby K., FST, Mohammedia, Rabat, Maroc

- Labyad M., FST, Mohammedia, Rabat, Maroc

- Lafar S., FST, Mohammedia, Maroc

- Souiri A., FST, Mohammedia, Maroc

- Tarek F.Z., FST, Mohammedia, Maroc

- Laasri F.Z., FST, Mohammedia, Maroc

Steering committee

Pr. Achouak W., CNRS-CEA, Marseille, France

Pr. Andrivon D., INRA, Rennes, France

Pr. Ndjoyi Mbiguino A., FS, Libreville, Gabon

Pr. Bahraoui M., Université Paul Sabatier, France

Pr. Beaulieu C., University of Sherbrooke, Canada

Pr. Belamine A.M, MPIP Hambourg, Germany

Pr. Bouteau F., University of Paris 7, France

Pr. Duponnois R., IRD/LSTM, Montpellier, France

Pr. Ducatez M., ENV, Toulouse, France

Pr. Eleouet J.F., INRA, France

Pr. Ennaji* M.M., FST, Mohammedia, Morocco

Pr. Frantisek B., University Bonn, Germany

The 3rd Edition of International Congress: Microbial Biotechnologies for Development

VII

Pr. Gantzer C., Univers. Henri Poincaré, France

Pr. Göttfert M., University

Pr. Ibara JR. FS, Congo Brazaville

Pr. Jofre J., Université de Barcelone, Espagne

Pr. Jolicoeur P., University de Montreal, Canada

Pr. Mezrioui N., FS, Marrakech, Morocco

Pr. Mokassa D., FS, Pointe Noire, Congo

Pr. Oufdou K., FS, Marrakech, Morocco

Pr. Pajuelo E., University of Seville, Spain

Pr. Pothier P., University of Dijon, France

Pr. Roque-Afonso A., UMR, Paris, France

Pr. Sehouli J., UM, Berlin, Germany

Pr. Souissi Goumi A., University of Manitoba, Canada

Pr. Stefano M., University of Florence, Italy

Pr. Swings J., University of Gand, Belgium

Pr. Tholozan J.L., IRD Marseille, France

Pr. Toonori K., University of Kitakyushu, Japan

Pr. Weiss G., University of California, USA

Scientific Committee

Pr. Aarab L., FS, Fez, Morocco

Pr. Abdelmoumen H., ENS, Rabat, Morocco

Pr. Abid M., IPM, Tangier, Morocco

Pr. Aboussaid A., FSTG, Marrakech, Morocco

Pr. Achbani E.H., INRA Meknes, Morocco

Pr. Ait M’Hand R, FST, Mohammedia, Morocco

Pr. Amar M., CNRST, Rabat, Morocco

Pr. Amarouch H., FS, Casablanca, Morocco

Pr. Amghar S., FS, Rabat, Morocco

Pr. Amine A., FST, Mohammedia, Morocco

Pr. Amzazi S., UM5R, Rabat, Morocco

Pr. Asehraou A., FS, Oujda, Morocco

Pr. Assoumou Zoa S., FS, Gabon

Pr. Azedoug H., ENS, Casablanca, Morocco

Pr. Badou A., FMP, Casablanca, Morocco

Pr. Bahlaoui M.A. FST- Mohammedia, Morocco

Pr. Barakate M., FS, Marrakech, Morocco

Pr. Barijal S., FST, Tanger, Morocco

Pr. Belhaj A., FS, Meknes, Morocco

Pr. Belmelih M., FS, Fez, Morocco

Pr. Bencharki B., FST, Settat, Morocco

Pr. Benchekroun M., FST, Settat, Morocco

Pr. Benchekroun M.N., ENCG, Casablanca, Morocco

Pr. Bendou N., FS Rabat, Morocco

Pr. Bennani A., IPM, Casablanca, Morocco

Pr. Benhassou M., FMP, Casablanca, Morocco

Pr. Benjouad A, UI-Rabat, Morocco

Pr. Bennani B., FS, Fez, Morocco

Pr. Berrada M., Al Akhawayn, Ifrane, Morocco

Pr. Bouchrif, IPM, Casablanca, Morocco

Pr. Boughribil S, FST- Mohammedia, Morocco

Pr. Bouizgaren B., FS, Agadir, Morocco

Pr. Boumba A., FS, Congo, Brazaville

Pr. Boumhemdi N., INRH, Agadir, Morocco

Pr. Charafeddine O., FST, Mohammedia, Morocco

Pr. Daoui K., INRA, Morocco

Pr. El Abed S., FST-Fes, Morocco

Pr. El Badaoui H., CNRP-Rabat, Morocco

Pr. EL Hassouni M., FS, Fès, Morocco

Pr. El Mousadik A., FS, Agadir, Morocco

Pr. Elfahime E.M., CNRST, Rabat, Morocco

Pr. Elmeziane A., FSTG, Marrakech, Morocco

Pr. Ennaji* M.M., FST, Mohammedia, Morocco

Pr. Faghire M., FS, Agadir, Morocco

Pr. Fares K., FS Semlalia Marrakech, Morocco

Pr. Fellahi S., IAV, Rabat, Morocco

Pr. Glaoui A., FST, Tanger, Morocco

Pr. Hafid J., FSTG, Marrakech, Morocco

Pr. Hafidi M., FS, Marrakech, Morocco

Pr. Hafidi, FS, Meknes, Morocco

Pr. Hilali A., FST, Settat, Morocco

Pr. Hassani L., FS, Marrakech, Morocco

Pr. Houari A., FP, Taroudant, Morocco

Pr. Ibijbijan J., FS, Meknes, Morocco

Pr. Ibn Souda S., FST, Fes, Morocco

Pr. Imziln B., FS, Marrakech, Morocco

Pr. Iraqui D., INRA, Rabat, Morocco

Pr. Iraqi M., FST- Fes, Morocco

Pr. Jamil S., FST, Mohammedia, Morocco

Pr. Karamoko Y., Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire

Pr. Kichou F., IAV, Rabat, Morocco

Pr. Labhilili M., INRA, Rabat, Morocco

Pr. Lamrani M., IPM, Casablanca, Morocco

Pr. Larini K., FST, Tanger, Morocco

Pr. Latrache H., FST, Béni Mellal, Morocco

Pr. Lkhider M., FST, Mohammedia, Morocco

Pr. Loutfi C., Biopharma, Rabat, Morocco

Pr. Mazouz H., FS, Meknes, Morocco

Pr. Meskini N., FST, Mohammedia, Morocco

Pr. Messaouiri H., FST, Mohammedia, Morocco

Pr. Mezrioui N., FS, Marrakech, Morocco

Pr. Misbah M., ENS, Rabat, Morocco

Pr. Moualif M., ISS, Settat, Morocco

Pr. Nejjari C., UM6, Casablanca, Morocco

Pr. Otmani F. FS-El jadida, Morocco

Pr. Oudghiri M., CNRST, Rabat, Morocco

Pr. Oudra B., FS, Marrakech, Morocco

Pr. Oufdou K., FS, Marrakech, Morocco

Pr. Ouhdouch Y., FS, Marrakech, Morocco

Pr. Ouhssine M., FS, Kenitra, Morocco

Pr. Rhalabi N., FST, Mohammedia, Morocco

Pr. Riffi Temsamani K., FS, Tetouan, Morocco

Pr. Rihani M., FS, EL Jadida, Morocco

Pr. Boughribil S., FST, Mohammedia;

Pr. Saghi M., AMM, Rabat, Morocco

Pr. Sendid K., Al Akhawayn, Ifrane, Morocco

Pr. Senouci S., INH-MOBSA, Rabat, Morocco

Pr. Serrar D., FS, Tetouan, Morocco

Pr. Timinouni M., IPM, Casablanca, Morocco

Pr. Tinak Ekom DC., DREB, Cameroune

Pr. Zinedine A., FS, El-Jadida, Morocco

Pr. Zkhiri F., FST, Mohammdia, Morocco

Pr. Zro K., Biopharma, Rabat, Morocco

Pr. Zyad A., FST, Beni Mellal, Morocco

The 3rd Edition of International Congress: Microbial Biotechnology for Development

V

Congress Chairman & Abstract Book Editor

Prof. Dr. Moulay Mustapha Ennaji

FST-Mohammadia, UH2C

Prof. Dr. Moulay Mustapha ENNAJI is a Moroccan citizen native of Marrakesh (Morocco).

He is a scientist specialized in the fields of Virology, Hygiene and Microbiology. He got a

Master of Science, in 1986, and a PhD in Virology, in 1993, at Armand Frappier Institute,

University of Quebec (Canada). Between 1991 and 1993, he completed a post doctorate at the

Canadian Red Cross. From 1993 to 1995, he was Research Associate (RA) and from 1995 to

1996 a Research Officer (RO) at the National Council of research of Canada (CNRC). He was

also a visiting researcher at the University of California, Irvine, in the US and abroad Lecturer

at the Histochemistry Institutes of Paris (France). He was a guest researcher of the Franklin

Foundation, in USA, NIH Bethesda. Between 2005 and 2010, he was appointed Director of

Virology, Hygiene and Microbiology and coordinator of the consortium of Biomedical and

Environmental Sciences Laboratories, at UH2C-FSTM. Since 2010 to present, he is Director

of the Laboratory of Virology, Microbiology, Quality and Biotechnology / Eco-toxicology

and Biodiversity, Leader of Virology Oncology and Medical Biotechnology Team and deputy

director of the Research Centre of Natural Resources and Food (rensa) of UH2C. From 2010

to 2015, he was national expert at CNRST and member of the National Commission for

scholarships. Previously, from 2012 to 2014, he was also a UNESCO expert on governance

reform of university systems. Throughout his career, he was rewarded with 24 awards. He has

organized numerous national and international meetings in the fields of virology,

microbiology and hygiene. To date, he is Vice President of the Moroccan Association of

Biosafety and Microbiology.


VI

Welcome

Microbiona President’s word


VII

Welcome

MICROBIOD3 Congress Chairman’s word


VIII

Program

Troisième Édition du Congrès International

"Biotechnologies Microbiennes au Service du Développement"

The Third Edition of the International Congress

"Microbial Biotechnologies for Development"

MICROBIOD 3

24 au 26 Octobre 2016 - Mohammedia – Maroc

Programme Scientifique / Scientific Program

Dimanche 23 Octobre 2016 / Sunday, October 23th 2016

16H00-19H00 : Accueil et Enregistrement des Participants / Welcome and Registration of

Participants Affichage des Posters/ Poster Display

Lundi 24 Octobre 2016 / Monday, October 24th 2016

08H00-09H00 : Accueil et Enregistrement des Participants / Welcome and Registration of

Participants Affichage des Posters/ Poster Display

Salle 1 : 09H00-09H30

Cérémonie Officielle d'Ouverture / Official Opening Ceremony

Mot du Président de l’université Hassan II de Casablanca

Mot du Doyen de la Faculté des Sciences et Techniques de Mohammedia

Mot du Président de l’Association Microbiona

Mot du Président du Congrès Microbiod 3

Hommages / Tributes

Hommage Posthume / Posthumous tribute :

Pr Mohamed Kouam, Ex Doyen de la FSTM et FSTS et Ex Président de l’UCD-El Jadida

Dr Nouzha Cohen, Microbiologiste, Institut Pasteur du Maroc

Cérémonie d’Hommage / Tribute Ceremony :

Pr Abdelaziz Benjouad, Immuno-Virologiste, Vice Président à l’UI de Rabat

Dr Samira Senouci, Microbiologiste Virologiste, Ex Chef de Département de

Microbiologie Institut National d’Hygiène-DELM – Rabat


IX

Salle 1 : 09H30-10H30

Conférence Inaugurale / Opening Conference

Modérateurs : Pr. Lkhider M., Doyen de FSTM et Pr. Mezrioui N., Président de Microbiona

Rapporteurs : Pr. Benchekroun M.N., ENCG, Casablanca et Pr. Azedoug H., ENES, Casablanca

09H30-09H50 : Pertinence de la gouvernance équitable du dossier énergétique Pr. Iraqi Moulay Ahmed, Professeur de Médecine, Ex Ministre de l'Environnement du

Maroc et Co-président du COP7 2001 Maroc

09H50-10H15 : Impact des Énergies Renouvelables à l'Horizon 2030

Dr. Benkhadra Amina, Ex Ministre de l'énergie et des mines et Président Directeur Général

de L'ONHYM, Rabat, Maroc

10H15-10H30 : Discussion Générale

10H30 - 10H45 : Pause Café et Session Poster / Coffee Break and Poster Session

Salle 1 : 10H45-12H30

Table Ronde / Round Table

“Spécificité de la Biotechnologie en Bio Économie comme Levier du Développement Durable :

État des Lieux et Perspectives”

Modérateurs : Pr. Amzazi Said, Pr. Lkhider Mustapha, Pr. Benjouad Abdelaziz

Rapporteurs : Pr. Benchekroun Mohamed Nabil, Pr. Hassani Lahcen, Pr. Saile Rachid

Intervenants Invités :

Pr. Manssouri I., Président UHII, Casablanca

Pr. Amzazi S., Président UMV, Rabat

Pr. Assobhei O., Président USMBA, Fès

Pr. Boughaleb Y., Président UCD, El Jadida

Pr. Nejmeddine A., Président UHI, Settat

Pr. Miraoui A., Président UCA, Marrakech

Pr. Ameziane H., Président UAE, Tanger

Pr. Sahbi H., Président UMI, Meknes

Pr. Lkhider M., Doyen FST, Mohammedia

Pr. Fassi Fihri O., Directrice IAV, Rabat

Pr. Benlemlih M., Doyen FSDM, Fès

Pr. El Mdaghri N., Directrice IPM, Casablanca

Pr. Badraoui M., Directeur INRA, Rabat

Pr. Saile R., Directeur centre Rensa

Pr. Benchakroun M., FST-Settat

Pr. El Ghazi M., FST-Mohammedia

Pr. Benchekroun M.N., ENCG, Casablanca

Pr. Azedoug H., ENES, Casablanca

Pr. Smani M., R&D Maroc, Casablanca

Pr. Hassani L., Directeur CED, UCA, Marrakech

Pr. Benjouad A., Vice Président, UI, Rabat

Pr. Zyad A., CED, FST, Béni Mellal

Dr. Tadlaoui K., Président MCI, Mohammedia

Dr. Malik J., Président, Biopharma, Rabat

Dr. Boumhmedi N., Directeur INRH, Agadir

Pr. Ibn Souda Koraichi S., Cité d’Innovation, Fès

Pr. Larini K., FST, Tanger

Pr. Aboutajdine D., Directeur CNRST, Rabat

Pr. Oufdou K., FSS, Marrakech

Pr. Barakate M., FSS, Marrakech

Pr. Amine Az. FST-Mohammedia


X

Salle 1 : 12H30-14H00

Thème I : Biotechnologies Microbiennes et Santé Humaine

Topic I : Microbial Biotechnologies for Human Health

Modérateurs : Pr. Sehouli Jalid, Pr. Hassani Lahcen, Pr Ennaji My Mustapha

Rapporteurs : Dr. Timinouni Mohammed, Dr. Bennani Abdelouaheb, Pr. Barakate Mustapha

12H30-12H50 : Conférence Plénière (CP 1)-Discussion / Plenary Conference (CP 1)-

Discussion

New aspects in Diagnostic, therapy and follow up care in ovarian cancer

Pr. Sehouli Jalid, University of Berlin, Germany

12H50-14H00 : Session I-1 : Communications Orales et Discussion / Oral Presentation and

discussion

12H50-13H00

COI-1 : Identification of Bio-Markers using Real Time PCR for Early Diagnosis

of Gynecological and Breast Cancers Viral Etiology in Morocco

Ait Hammou Rahma

Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, Mohammedia, Maroc /CHU.

13H00-13H10

COI-2 : Sequence Variations in E6 and E7 Oncogenes of Human Papillomavirus

Type 16 from Gabonese Cervical Cancer Isolates

Assoumou Samira Zoa

University of Health Sciences, Libreville, Gabon

13H10-13H20

COI-3 : E6 and E7 Oncogenes of Human Papillomavirus Type 16 : Genetic

Variability in Congolese Cervical Cancer Isolates

Boumba Luc Magloire Anicet

Faculty of Health Sciences, Brazzaville, Congo

13H20-13H30

COI-4 : Can Helicobacter pylori vacA genotypes and cagA Status Be Used as

Predictor of Gastric Diseases Development in a Moroccan Population ?

El Khadir Mounia

Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of Fez, Morocco

13H30-13H40

COI-5 : Clinico Pathological Review of 89 Patients with Bile Duct Cancer and

Association with Helicobacter pylori

Cherif Soumia

FST-Mohammedia /CHU Mohammed VI Morocco

13H40-13H50

COI-6 : HIV-1 Drug Resistance Mutations Reported in People Living with HIV

in Libreville, Gabon between 2002 and 2009

Ndjoyi-Mbiguino Angélique

Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Gabon

13H50-14H00 Discussion

Salle 2 - 12H50-14H00

Atelier I

Les Énergies Propres et Le Développement Durable : Quel Avenir

pour Le Développement Social au Maroc ?

Modérateurs : Pr. Belamine majid, Pr. Iraqi Moulay Ahmed, Pr. Benkhedra Amina

Rapporteurs : Pr. Bessi Halima, Pr. Bahlaoui Abdellah, Pr. Kerak Ebrahim, Pr. Jamil Said

Animateurs : Pr. Bellamine Majid, Pr. Zorkani Izedine Pr. Benchrifa Rachid, Pr. Iraqi Moulay

Ahmed, Pr. Mouline Said, Pr. Skali MA, Pr. Zejli Driss, Pr. Bennouna Aziz


XI

L’Efficacité Énergétique et le Développement des Énergies Renouvelables au Maroc

Pr. Said Mouline, Directeur Général de l’ADEREE, Président du Cluster des Énergies

Renouvelables et Président de la Fédération de l'Énergie à la CGEM

La Vision Stratégique de la SMI dans le Développement des Énergies Renouvelables au

Maroc

Pr. Ahmed Baroudi, Directeur Général de la Société Marocaine d'Investissement

La Coopération entre le Maroc et l’Union Européenne dans le Cadre du Développement

des Énergies Renouvelables

Pr. Abdelali Dakkina, Directeur Adjoint et Chef de Projets à l'ADEREE

L’Économie Énergétique, le Maroc et DESERTEC

Pr. Aziz Bennouna, Professeur Universitaire Émérite, ex. Secrétaire Général du CNRST

Introduction aux Nanomatériaux et Opportunité d’Application pour le Photovoltaïque

Pr. Azzedine Zorkani, Faculté des Sciences, Fès, Maroc

Le Rôle des Technologies de Stockage dans la Transition Énergétique Pr. Rachid Benchrifa, Faculté des Sciences, Université Mohamed V, Rabat

Transfert de la Technologie et Coopération Internationale dans le Domaine des Énergies

Renouvelables

Pr. Driss Zejli, Université Ibn Toufail de Kénitra, ex. Directeur de la Cellule de l'Économie

de l'Énergie de Université Mohamed V de Rabat

14H00-15H00 : Déjeuner et Session Poster / Lunch and Poster Session

Salle 1 : 15H00-18H30

Thème I : Biotechnologies Microbiennes et Santé Humaine

Topic I : Microbial Biotechnologies for Human Health

Modérateurs : Pr. Konuk Muhsin, Pr. Nejjari Chakib, Pr. Zyad Abdelmajid

Rapporteurs : Dr. Senouci Samira, Pr. Hafid Jamal, Dr. El Mzibri Mohammed

15H00-15H30 : Conférence Plénière (CP2) - Discussion / Plenary Conference (CP2) -

Discussion

Pharmacogenomics Applications in Neurophyschyatric Diseases

Pr. Konuk Muhsin, Üsküdar University, İstanbul- Turkey

15H30-15H50 : Conférence Thématique (CT1)-Discussion / Thematic Conference(CT1)-

Discussion

Epidemiology and Clinical Trials in Public Health

Pr. Nejjari Chakib, Université Mohammd VI des Sciences de la Santé, Casablanca, Maroc

15H50-16H10 : Conférence Thématique (CT2)-Discussion / Thematic Conference (CT2)-

Discussion

Viral Carcinogenesis : Etiopathology of Human Gynecologic Cancer Breast, Cervical

and Ovarian

Pr. Ennaji Moulay Mustapha, FST, Mohammedia, Maroc


http://carcin.oxfordjournals.org/content/21/3/405.full


XII

16H30-18H30 : Session I-2 : Communications Orales et Discussion / Oral Presentation and

discussion

16H30-16H40 COI-7 : Molecular Characterization of Multi and Extremely Drug Resistant

Mycobacterium tuberculosis Isolates from Morocco

Oudghiri Amal

FST- Tanger/CNESTEN- Rabat, Morocco

16H40-16H50 COI-8 : Detection of Helicobacter pylori and its CagA Virulence Gene :

Association with Gastric Diseases

Nadifiyine Saloua

Pasteur Institut, Casablanca, Morocco

16H50-17H00 COI-9 : Aspects Épidémiologiques et Cliniques de l’infection à Helicobacter

pylori à travers une Étude Marocaine

Bounder Ghizlane

Faculty of Sciences Ben Msik, Casablanca /Pasteur Institute of Morocco.

17H00-17H10 COI-10 : Prevalence of Panton-Valentine Leukocidin in Staphylococcus aureus

Strains in Tangier Morocco

Mourabit Nadira

Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, Tangier, Morocco

17H10-17H20 COI-11 : Phenotypic Characteristics of Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus

aureus Isolated from Pediatric in the Mother Child Hospital in Morocco

Serray Bahija

Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, Beni Mellal, Morocco

17H20-17H30 COI-12 : Rotavirus VP7 and VP 4 Genotyping in Stool Samples from Children

with Acute Diarrhea in Williamsville Area (Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire)

Karamoko Yahaya

Université Nangui Abrogoua, Côte d’Ivoire

17H30-17H40 COI-13 : Évaluation de l’Activité Antifongique de la Pierre d’Alun Comparée

avec l’Activité Antifongique du Bicarbonate de Soude et de l’Héxétidine sur les

Levures de Candida

Dahmane Ouiam

Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Rabat, Morocco

17H40-17H50 COI-14 : Putting Viruses to Work for Cancer Diagnostics

Alana Olagata

University of California, Irvine, USA

17H50-18H00 COI-15 : Pre Administration of Curcumin Prevents Hyperhomocysteinemia in

Ethanol Induced Gastric Ulcer

Hussein Jiha

Faculty of Sciences Cairo University Giza

18H00-18H10 COI-16 : COI-16 : In vitro anticancer activity of Euphorbia echinus extract

Sbayou Houda

FST-Settat/ENS Rabat



XIII

Salle 1 - 18H30-20H00

Symposium International / International Symposium

“Virus et Cancers : Aspects Génétiques, Thérapies Géniques et Cellulaires, Nouveaux

Oncogènes et Signalisation Cellulaire”

/

"Viruses and Cancer: Genetic Aspects, gene and cell therapies, New Oncogenes and Cell

Signaling"

Modérateurs : Pr. Sehouli Jalid, Pr. Ennaji Moulay Mustapha

Rapporteurs : Pr. Bennani Bahia, Dr. El Mzibri Mohammed, Dr. Bennani Abdelouahab

Animateurs : Pr. Sehouli Jalid, Dr. Kaufmann Andreas, Pr. Benider A., Dr. Bennani

Abdelouaheb, Pr. Bennani Bahia, Pr. Bessi Halima, Dr. El Mzibri Mohammed, Pr. Benhessou

Mustapha, Pr. Benchkroune Mohamed Nabil, Pr. Ennaji Moulay Mustapha

Lundi 24 Octobre 2016 / Monday, October 24th 2016

Salle 2 : 15H00-18H15

Thème II: Biotechnologies microbiennes et Santé Animale

Topic II : Microbial Biotechnologies and Animal Health

Modérateurs : Pr. Bennani Bahia, Pr. Bencharki Bouchaib, Pr. Ibn Souda Koraichi Saad

Rapporteurs : Pr. Barrijal Said, Pr. Kichou Faouzi, Pr. Boughribil Said


Discussion

Avian Adenoviral Infections and an Update on Their Re-Emergence in Morocco

Pr. Kichou Faouzi, IAV, Rabat, Maroc


Discussion

Antitumor potential of Natural Substances and Their Role in the Boosting of Immune

System: Cellular and Molecular Analysis

Pr. Zyad Abdelmajid, FST, Beni Mellal, Maroc

15h40-18h15 : Session II-1 : Communications Orales et Discussion / Oral Presentation and

discussion

15h40-15H50 COII-1 : Pathogenesis and Tissue Distribution of Moroccan Avian Infectious

Bronchitis Virus Strains (Italy02 genotype) in Experimentally Infected Broiler

Chickens

Khataby Khadija

Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, Mohammedia, Maroc/ BIOPHARMA

15H50-16H00 COII-2 : Evaluation of the Safety and Efficacy of a Live Attenuated

Thermostable Rift Valley Fever Vaccine in Sheep, Goats, Cattle and Camels

Daouam Samira

Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, Mohammedia, Maroc/ MCI-Mohammedia


XIV

16H00-16H10 COII-3 : Control of Peste des Petits Ruminants

Fakri Fatima Zohra

Institut Agronomique et Vétérinaire Hassan II, Rabat, Maroc/ MCI-Mohammedia

16H10-16h15 Discussion


Timing Titre de Communication / Title of Communication

16H30-16H40 COII-4 : Tuberculosis in Eurasian wild boar (Sus scrofa) from Morocco

El Mrini Meryem

Institut Agronomique et Vétérinaire Hassan II, Rabat, Morocco

16H40-16H50 COII-5 : Development and Validation of One Step Taq Man MGB Real Time

RT-PCR Assay for Rapid Detection and Discrimination of Infectious Bursal

Disease Cirus

Cheggag Maryame

Agronomic and Veterinary Institute Hassan II, Rabat/ BIOPHARMA, Morocco

16H50-17H00 COII-6 : Comparative Innocuity and Efficacy of Live and Inactivated Sheep pox

Vaccines

Hamdi Jihane

Multi Chemical Industry, Mohammedia, Morocco

17H00-17H10 COII-7 : Étude Comparative de la Pathogénécité des Souches Marocaines du

Virus de la Clavelée

Hajjou Saida

Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, Settat / BIOPHARMA, Morocco

17H10-17H20 COII-8 : Comparison of Virological and Serological Findings on Moroccan

Bluetongue Virus 1 and 4 Infected Sheep

Drif Kamar

Institut Agronomique et Vétérinaire Hassan II, Rabat, Morocco

17H20-17H30 COII-9 : Isolation and Identification of Pasteurella Respiratory Infected

Ruminants in Morocco

Sebbar Ghizlane

Faculty of Sciences, Rabat, Morocco/ BIOAPHARMA, Morocco

17H30-17H40 COII-10 : Thermal Stability Study of Five Newcastle Disease Attenuated

Vaccine Strains

Boumart Zineb

Multi Chemical Industry, Mohammedia, Morocco

17H40-17H50 COII-11 : Culture, Identification et Profil de Sensibilité des Escherichia Coli en

Pathologie Aviaire : Étude rétrospective 2013-2014-2015

Boughribil Said

Faculté des Sciences and Techniques, Mohammedia, Maroc

17H50-18H00 COII-12 : Study of the Effectiveness of Ovipox Vaccine Against a Wild Strain of

Sheep pox in Morocco

Lafar Sara

Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, Mohammedia / BIOPHARMA, Morocco

18H00- 18h15 Discussion

Mardi 25 Octobre 2016/ Tuesday, October 25th 2016


XV

Salle 1 : 09H00-14H00

Thème III : Biotechnologies Microbiennes et Environnement

Topic III : Microbial Biotechnologies and Environment

Modérateurs : Pr. Göttfert Michael, Pr Jofre Joan, Pr. Gantzer Christophe

Rapporteurs : Pr. Bessi Halima, Pr. Bahlaoui My Abdellah, Pr. Hafidi Mohamed

09H00-09H30 : Conférence Plénière (CP1)-Discussion / Plenary Conference (CP 1)-

Discussion

Biotechnologies et Énergies Renouvelables

Pr. Bellamine Majid, Max Planck Institutfür Physik, Hambourg, Germany

09H30-09H50 : Conférence Thématique (CT1) - Discussion / Plenary Thematic (CT1)-

Discussion

Streptomycetes as Drivers of Nutrient Turnover and Organismic Interactions

Pr. Mika Tarkka, UFZ, Halle Salle, Germany


Discussion

Stable Isotope Probing of Carbon Flow in the Plant Holobiont

Pr. Achouak Wafa, CNRS-CEA-Aix Marseille II, France

10H10-10H20 : Conférence Thématique (CT 3)-Discussion / Thematic conference (CT

3)-Discussion

Outils Moléculaire de Dernière Génération en Biotechnologies

Pr. Ibrahimi Azedine, Faculté de Médecine, Rabat, Maroc

10H20-10H45 : Session III-1 : Communications Orales et Discussion / Oral Presentation and

discussion

10H00-10H10 COIII-1 : Microbe Assisted Phytoremediation of Metal Polluted Salt Marshes using

Halophytes and Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria

Paredes Paliz Karina

Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, Spain

10H10-10H20

COIII-2 : Isolement et Identification des Bactéries Tolérantes aux Métaux : Rôle Possible

pour la Bio Remédiation

Nouri Mohamed

Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, Beni Mellal, Morocco 10H20-10H30

COIII-3 : Dépollution des Solutions Aqueuses Riches en Chrome par le Biofilm de la

Souche Wickerhamomyces anomalus formé sur les Déchets du Bois

Asri Meryem

Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, Fez, Maroc


10H45-11H00 : Pause Café et Session Poster / Coffee Break and Poster Session

11H00-11H10 COIII-4 : Performances Zootechniques d'un Régime Alimentaire à base de Déchets

d'Algues Bio Transformés sur la Croissance des Ovins

Ennouali Mohammed

Faculty of Sciences, Kenitra, Morocco

https://www.google.com/search?espv=2&biw=1280&bih=602&q=Wickerhamomyces+Anomalus&spell=1&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiUr77_kOTOAhXCvBoKHXhjCHMQvwUIGSgA


XVI

11H10-11H20 COIII-5 : Validation of Miniscale Algal Toxicity Bio Assay for Toxicity Screening

Berrebaan Imane

Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, Mohammedia, Morocco

11H20-11H30 COIII-6 : Biodegradation of Antibiotics during the Co-Composting of Sludge and

Assessment of Their Genotoxicity

Khadra Ahmed

Faculty of Sciences, Marrakech, Morocco

11H30-11H45 COIII-7 : Genetic Diversity Characterization of Environmental and Clinical P. aeruginosa

Isolates from Meknes Region (Morocco)

Maroui Itto

Faculty of Sciences, Moulay Ismail University, Meknes

11H45-11H55 COIII-8 : Isolation of Actinobacteria from Arid Sand in Merzouga : Taxonomic Diversity

and Biological Activity

Ouchari Lahcen

Faculty of Sciences, Marrakech, Morocco/ CNRST, Rabat

11H55-12H05 COIII-9 : Production d’un aliment piscicole équilibre par bio-tranformation optimale de

mélanges ternaires de déchets et sous produits organiques des industries agroalimentaires

Lakhal Dounia


12H05-12H15 COIII-10 : Etude de l’effet antibactérien de quelques huiles essentielles sur l’agent

phytopathogène Pseudomonas syringae Pv. Tomato DC3000

Sabir Asmaa

Faculty of Sciences Ben M'Sik, Casablanca, Morocco



Salle 1 : 14H00-16H00



Modérateurs :Pr. Göttfert Michael, Dr Senouci Samira, Pr. Imziln Boujemaa

Rapporteurs : Pr. Mika Tarkka, Pr. Achouak Wafa, Pr. Karamoko Yahaya

14H00-14H35 : Conférence Plénière (CP1)-Discussion / Plenary Conference (CP 1)-

Discussion

Évaluation du Danger Viral dans l’Environnement et les Aliments /

The Public Health Hazard of Food Borne Viruses

Pr. Gantzer Christophe, Université Henri Poincaré, Faculté de Pharmacie, Nancy, France

14H35-15H15 : Conférence Plénière (CP2) - Discussion / Plenary Conference (CP2) -

Discussion

Bacteriophages as Indicators of Pathogenic Viruses in the Water Environment

Pr. Jofre Joan, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain

15H15-16H00 : Session III-1 : Communications Orales et Discussion / Oral Presentation and

discussion

15H15-15H25 COIII-11 : Les Bactériophages dans les Eaux Usées : Outils d’Évaluation de

Performance des Traitements d’Épuration pour l’Élimination des Virus Entériques


XVII

Hmaied Fatma

CNSTN, Technological Pole, Sidi Thabet, Tunisia

15H25-15H35 COIII-12 : Détection des Entérovirus par PCR en Temps Réel dans les Eaux Usées et

Étude de Corrélation entre Contamination Virale et Bactérienne

Amri Islem

CNSTN, Technological pole, Sidi Thabet, Tunisia.

15H35-15H45 COIII-13 : Characterization of Microbial Diversity in Moroccan Rivers Using a

Metagenomics Approach

Ettamimi Sara

Faculty Polydisciplinary of Taza / Faculty of Sciences, Oujda, Morocco

15H45-16H00 COIII-14 : Détection des Virus Entériques Pathogènes dans les Milieux Hydriques au

Maroc

Attar Aicha



Salle 1 - 16H15-19H00

Atelier I - Virus à Transport Hydrique : Virus et Environnement



Modérateurs : Pr. Gantzer Christophe, Pr. Hmaied Fatma, Pr Jofre Joan

Rapporteurs : Pr. Mezrioui Noureddine, Pr. Karamoko Yahaya, Pr. Ennaji My Mustapha

Animateurs : Pr Jofre Joan, Pr. Gantzer Christophe, Dr. Senouci Samira, Pr. Hartard Cédric, Pr.

Bertrand Isabelle, Pr. Hmaied Fatma, Pr. Hafid Jamal, Pr Amri Islem, Dr. Idrissi Azzouzi Lalla

Meryem , Melle Tarek Fatima, Pr. Ennaji My Mustapha

Méthodes de Détection des Virus Pathogènes dans l’Eau et les Aliments

Pr. Christophe Gantzer, Laboratoire de Chimie Physique et Microbiologie pour

l’Environnement, UMR 7564,CNRS, Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France

Recherche et Détection des Virus Entériques dans les Bivalves au Maroc

Dr. Idrissi Azzouzi Lalla Meryem, Laboratoire National de Référence de la Poliomyélite,

Institut National d’Hygiène, Rabat, Maroc

Detection of Norovirus, Hepatits A virus and Other Human Enteric Viruses in

Molluscan Shellfish by Taqman Real Time Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain

Reaction Assay

Tarek Fatima et MM Ennaji, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Mohammedia, Maroc

Intérêt des Bactériophages en tant qu’Indicateur de Pollution Virale dans

l’Environnement

Pr. Hartard Cédric, Institut Jean Barriol, Université de Lorraine, Faculté des Sciences et

Technologies, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France


XVIII

Bactériophages dans les Eaux Usées : Outils d’Évaluation de Performance des

Traitements d’Épuration pour l’Élimination des Virus Entériques

Pr. Hmaied Fatma, Laboratoire de Biotechnologies et Technologie nucléaire, CNSTN, Pôle

technologiques Sidi Thabet, Sidi Thabet, Tunisie

Méthodes de Concentration des Virus Pathogènes dans l’Eau

Dr. Isabelle Bertrand, Laboratoire de Chimie Physique et Microbiologie pour


Difficultés d’Interprétation de la Présence de Génome Viral dans l’Eau et les Aliments

Pr. Gantzer Christophe, Laboratoire de Chimie Physique et Microbiologie pour


20H30 : Dîner de Gala / Gala Diner (To be confirmed)

Mardi 25 Octobre 2016/ Tuesday, October 25th 2016

Salle 2 : 08H30-13H00

Thème IV : Biotechnologies en Agriculture, Agro Alimentaire et Bioindustrie

Topic IV : Microbial Biotechnologies in Agriculture, Agri-Food and Bioindustry

Modérateurs : Pr. Andrivon Didier, Pr. Oufdou Khalid, Pr. Latrache Hassan

Rapporteurs : Pr. Asehraou Abdeslam, Pr. El Mousadik Abdelhamid, Pr. Bouizgaren Brahim

08H30-09H00 : Conférence Pléniere (CP1)-Discussion / Plenary Conference (CP1)-

Discussion

From Symbiosis to Biotechnology : The Metal Ion Inducible Autocleavage Domain

Pr. Göttfert Michael, Institut für Genetik, Technische Universität, Dresden, Germany

09H00-09h20 : Conférence Thematique (CT1)-Discussion / Thematic Conference (CT1)-

Discussion

Optimiser les Processus de Facilitation et de Plant - Soil Feedback par une Gestion

Raisonnée du Potentiel Mycorhizogène des Sols dans les Agro Systèmes Méditerranéens

Pr. Duponnois Robin, IRD, Montpellier, France

09H20-13H00 : Session IV-1 : Communications Orales et Discussion / Oral Presentation and

discussion

09H20-09H30 COIV-1 : Towards the Control of Date Palm Fusariosis (Bayoud Diseases) by

Antagonistic Pseudomonas to Fusarium oxysporum albedinis L.

Bouizgarne Brahim

Faculty of Sciences, Agadir, Morocco

09H30-09H40 COIV-2 : Immature Embryo Derived of Two Bread Wheat (Triticuma estivum L.)

Varieties Transformation using Particle Bombardment Method with Plasmid

pBY520


XIX

Tinak Ekom Danielle Christelle

Institute of Agricultural Research for Development, Cameroon 09H40-09H50 COIV-3 : Serological Detection and Genetic Characterization of Pepino mosaic

Virus in Moroccan Tomatoes

Souiri Amal

Faculty of Sciences, Rabat / FST Mohammedia, Morocco 09H50-10H00 COIV-4 : Genotypic Characterization of Quinolone Resistant Escherichia coli

Isolates from Retail Food in Morocco

Nayme Kaotar

Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy /Pasteur Institut, Casablanca, Morocco


10H10-10H20 COIV-5 : Moroccan Bioactive Actinobacteria Isolates Producing Efflux Pumps

Inhibitors of Resistant Bacteria

Azmani Asma


10H20-10H30 CO IV-6 : Effect of Dual Inoculation of Chickpea and Lentil with Stress Tolerant

Rhizobia and Plant Growth Promoting Bacteria in Morocco

Benjelloun Imane

Faculty of Sciences, Kenitra / INRA, Rabat Morocco



11H00-11H10 CO IV-7 : Biotechnological Properties and Yeasts Biodiversity Habitats

Associated to Moroccan Picholine Olive Variety

Boudallaa Yassine

Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, Settat, Morocco

11H10-11H20 CO IV-8 : Atténuation du Stress Salin par les Souches de Pseudomonas

fluorescens Ms-01 et Azosprillum brasilense DSM1690 chez les Plantes de Blé

Azaroual Salah Eddine

Faculty of Sciences, Agadir, Morocco

11H20-11H30 CO IV-9 : Plant Cyanobacteria Interactions : Cyanotoxins Water Contamination

and Impact on Agricultural Crops

El Khalloufi Fatima

Polydisciplinary Faculty of Khouribga, Morocco

11H30-11H40 CO IV-10 : Role of Plant and Aphid Partners in Poleroviruses Transmission by

Aphids

Boissinot Sylvaine

Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, Settat, Morocco


11H55-12H05 CO IV-11 : Ecology of Pantoea Agglomerans 2066-7 Strain : a Biological Control

of Bacteria Onion Diseases

Sadik Soumia

Faculty of Sciences, Meknes, / INRA, Meknes, Morocco

12H05-12H15 CO IV-12 : The effect of Myrtus communis Extract on Cedar Wood Surface

Energy : Theoretical and Experimental of Fungal Adhesion

Sadiki Moulay

Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, Fez, Morocco

12H15-12H25 CO IV-13 : Isolation and Identification of Potential Mycotoxin Producing Fungi

on Pasta in Morocco

Bouafifssa Y.

Faculty of Sciences, El Jadida, Morocco


XX

12h25-12h35 CO IV-14 : In-vitro Evaluation of the Antagonistic Activity of Bacillus

amyloliquefaciens and Trichoderma harzianum against Colletotrichum acutatum

Es-Soufi Rababe

Faculty of Sciences, Tetouan, Morocco. 12h35-12h45 Discussion


Salle 2 : 14H00-17H30

Thème IV : Biotechnologies en Agriculture, Agro Alimentaire et Bioindustrie

Topic IV : Microbial Biotechnologies in Agriculture, Agri-Food and Bioindustry

Modérateurs : Pr. Benchekroun Moncef, Dr. Achbani El Hassan, Pr. Ouhdouch Yedir

Rapporteurs: Pr. Mazouz Hamid, Pr. Oudra Brahim, Pr. Faghir M

14H00-14H30 : Conférence Plénière (CP2)-Discussion / Plenary Conference (CP2) -

Discussion

Epidemiovigilance for Improved Control of Plant Diseases : the Case of Potato Late

Blight

Pr. Andrivon Didier, INRA, Rennes, France

14H30-14H50 : Conférence Thématique (CT2) - Discussion / Thematic Conference

(CT2)-Discussion

The Rhizobia Legumes Relationship under Salinity Stress Pr. Oufdou Khalid, Faculty of Sciences, Marrakech, Maroc

14H50-19H10 : Session IV-2 : Communications Orales et Discussion / Oral Presentation and

discussion

14H50-15H00 CO IV-15 : Can Moroccan Rock Phosphate Be Useful after Bio Solubilization for

Sustainable Agriculture ?

Hassimi Moussa

University of Tillabéri, Niger / Faculty of Sciences Marrakech, Morocco

15H00-15H10 CO IV-16 : Prevalence, Molecular and Antimicrobial Resistance of Salmonella Isolated

from Sausages in Meknes, Morocco

Ed-Dra Abdelaziz

Faculty of Sciences, Meknes, Morocco 15H10-15H20 CO IV-17 : The Potential Effects of Herbicides on Soil Bacterial Communities

Mhamdi Ridha

Centre of Biotechnology of Borj-Cedria, Tunisia

15H20-15H30 CO IV-18 : Characterization of the Bacteriological and Physicochemical Quality of Raw

Milk Cow : Influence of Production Conditions

Cherqaoui Sidi Yassine


15H30-15H40 CO IV-19 : Antibacterial, Antioxidant and Cytotoxic, Effects of Old and Freshly

Harvested Propolis Extracts

El Mouftari Moulouda


15H40-15H50 CO IV-20 : Chemical Composition, Cytotoxic and Antibacterial Activities of the Essential

Oil of Lippia citriodora Grown in Different Moroccan Regions


XXI

Oukerrou Moulay Ali




16H15-16H25 CO IV-21 : Effect of Chitosan and Mycorrhizal Fungi on Stomatal Conductance and Leaf

Area of the Tomato Crop Submitted to Two Water Treatments

El Amerany Fatima


16H25-16H35 CO IV-22 : Chemical Composition and Antimicrobial Activity of Periplocalae vigata

Essential Oil and Its Synergistic Potential with Conventional Antibiotics

Ait Dra Loubna


16H35-16H45 CO IV-23 : Theoretical Effect of Coating Cobalt and Nickel Based Dental Alloys with a

Bacillus sp. Extract on the Adherence of Candida albicans

Balouiri Mounyr


16H35-16H45 CO IV-24 : Potential of Rhizobium Strains Isolated from Root Nodules of Hedysarum

flexuosum for Promotion of Plant Growth

Ezzakkioui Fatima


16H45-16H55 CO IV-25 : Ectomycorrhization of Carob (Ceratonia siliqua L.)

Zouari Najat

Faculty of Sciences, Tetouan, Morocco

16H55-17H05 COIV-26 : Isolement du Jus de Presse de Canne à Sucre d'une Souche de Candida sp.

Thermophile et Productrice de Fructofuranose

Ennouali Mohammed

Faculty of Sciences, Kenitra, Morocco 17H05-17H20 Discussion

20H30 : Dîner de Gala / Gala Diner

Mercredi 26 Octobre 2016/ Wednesday, October 26th 2016

Salle 1 : 08H30-14H00

Thème V : Avancées et Progrés Récents en Biotechnologies Microbiennes

Theme V : Recent Advances and Progress in Microbial Biotechnologies

Modérateurs : Pr. Crtomir Podlipnik, Pr.Konuk Muhsin, Dr. Loutfi Chafiqa

Rapporteurs : Pr. Ouhssine Mohamed, Dr. El Mzibri Mohammed, Pr. Larini Khalid

08H30-09H05 : Conférence Plénière (CP1)-Discussion / Plenary Conference (CP1)-

Discussion

Selection of Targets for Rational Drug Design of Inhibitors for Viral Diseases


XXII

Pr Crtomir Podinik, University of Ljubljana, Faculty for Chemistry and Chemical

Technology, Ljubljana, Slovenia

09H05-09H25 : Conférence Thématique (CT1)-Discussion/Thematic Conference(CT1)-

Discussion

New Technologiesand HPV Genotyping : What’s Implication in Developing Countries ?

Pr. Bennani Bahia, Faculté de Médecine, Fes, Maroc


Discussion

Génotypage Moléculaire des Souches Résistantes de Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolées

au Maroc

Dr. El Mzibri Mohamed, CNSTEN, Rabat, Maroc

09h45-10H05 : Conférence Thématique (CT3)-Discussion / Thematic Conference (CT3)-

Discussion

Molecular Epidemiology of Hepatites B and C in Morocco

Dr. Bennani Abdelouahab, IPM Casablanca


Discussion

Nouvelles Générations de Vaccins en Santé Animale : Les Vaccins Recombinants

Dr. Loutfi Chafiqa, Biopharma, Rabat, Maroc

10H25-10H45 (CT5)-Discussion / Thematic Conference (TC5)-Discussion

Les Nano Biocapteurs dans le Diagnostic en Microbiologie

Pr. Amine Aziz et Pr. Ennaji Moulay Mustapha, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques,

Mohammedia, Maroc


11H00-13H45 : Session V-1 : Communications Orales et Discussion / Oral Presentation and

discussion

11H00 -11H10 CO V-1 : Molecular Epidemiology of Phlebovirus in Four Provinces in Morocco

El Kacem Sofia

FST-Mohammedia/Pasteur Institut, Casablanca, Morocco 11H10-11H20 CO V-2 : Neutral Serine Protease from Trichoderma harzianum. Purification,

Biochemical Characterization and Use in Antibacterial Peptides Preparation from

Scorpaena notata muscle

Abidi Ferid

Institute of Applied Sciences and Technology, Tunis, Tunisia

11H20-11H30 CO V-3 : Modélisation Mathématique de l’Activité Autolytique de Lc. lactis en

fonction de Deux Variables Physicochimiques par l’Usage des Surfaces de

Réponses

Hassaine Omar

Faculty of Natural Sciences and Life, Oran, Algérie


XXIII

11H30-11H40 CO V-4 : Molecular Determinants of Aggressively of Barley yellow dwarf virus

BYDV-PAV Groups CPII Isolates

Bencharki Bouchaib

Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, Settat, Morocco 11H40-11H50 CO V-5 : Inhibitors effects of Oleuropein, Kaempferol and Quercetinon the Spike

protein of MERS Coronavirus InSlico

Kasmi Yassine


11H50-12H00 CO V-6 : QSAR Modelling and Molecular Docking Studies of Three Models of

delta Opioid Receptor

Sapundzhi Fatima

Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Bulgaria


12H15-12H25 CO V-7 : Competitive Electrochemical Immunosensor for Hepatitis A Detection

based on Horseradish peroxidase as a Signal Amplification Label

Mandli Jihane


12H25-12H35 CO V-8 : Application of the Experimental Design for the Development of a

Reverse Hybridization Technique on Strips for Oncogenic HPV Detection and

Typing

El Aliani Aissam

Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, Mohammedia / CNESTEN, Morocco

12H35-12H45 CO V-9 : Statistical Approach for Optimization of Lipase Production by Bacillus

subtilis

Misbah Asmae


12H45-12H55 CO V-10 : Bionomics of Anopheles sergentii and first Molecular Detection of its

Insecticide Resistant Genes Kdr and Ace-1 in Morocco

Benabdelkrim Filali Oumama

FST Mohammedia/Pasteur Institute, Casablanca, Morocco

12H55-13H05 CO V-11 : Novonestmycins A and B, Two Non Polyenic Antifungal Derivatives

Newly Produced by Streptomyces sp. Z26 : Purification and Structural Elucidation

Nafis Ahmed

Faculty of Sciences, Marrakech, Morocco/ IMIT, University Tübingen, Germany

13H05-13H15 CO V-12 : Can the Available Vaccine (Mass-type H120) of Avian Infectious

Bronchitis Able to Protect Against a New Emerging Italy02 Genotype in

Moroccan Broiler Chickens ?

Khataby Khadija

Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, Mohammedia /BIOPHARMA, Morocco

13H15-13H25 CO V-13: A simple, rapid and efficient method of Pepino mosaic virus RNA

isolation from tomato fruit

Souiri Amal

Faculty of Sciences Rabat / FST Mohammedia, Morocco

13H25-13H35

CO V-14 : Assessment of Genetic Diversity Among 16 Sorghum Accessions in

Morocco using SSRs Markers

Alloudane Rajae





XXIV

Salle 1 - 14H45-17H00

Atelier III

Double Usage en Sciences du Vivant : Aspect Biosécurité et

Biosûreté

Modérateurs : Pr. Temsamani Khalid, Dr Senouci Samira, Pr. Ennaji Moulay Mustapha

Rapporteurs : Pr. Serrar Driss, Pr. Fares Khalid

Animateurs : Pr. Temsamani Khalid, Dr Senouci Samira, Pr. Serrar Driss, Pr. Fares Khalid, Pr.

Ennaji Moulay Mustapha

Salle 2 - 14H45-17H00

Atelier IV

La pomme de Terre : Aspect Sanitaire, Lutte contre les Ennemis,

Efficacité et Durabilité dans la Sécurité Alimentaire Mondiale”

Modérateurs : Pr. Andrivon Didier et Pr. Ennaji Moulay Mustapha

Rapporteurs : Pr. Barakate Mustapha, Pr. Achbani El Hassan, Pr. Boughribil Said

Animateurs : Pr. Andrivon Didier, Pr. Barakate Mustapha, Dr Achbani El Hassan, Pr. Ennaji M.M.

MICROBIOD 3 Award of Best Oral Communication

MICROBIOD 3 Award of Best Oral Communication

17H00-17H30 : Pause Café / Coffee Break

Mot des Associations

American Society for Microbiology, Pr. Ghazal Hassan

Moroccan Association of Microbiology, Dr El Mzibri Mohammed

MICROBIONA Association, Pr. Mezrioui Noureddine

The Moroccan Biosafety Association (MOBSA/AMABIOS), Pr. Temsamani Khalid

Salle 1 : 17H30-18H00

Synthèse du Congrès / Synthesis of The Congress

Cérémonie de Clôture du Congrès / Closing Ceremony of Congress

Modérateurs : Pr. Mezrioui N, Président de Microbiona, Pr. Ennaji M.M, Président MICROBIOD3

Rapporteurs : Pr. Oufdou K., Pr. Barakate M., Pr. Bouizgaren B.

Annonce de la 4ème édition de Microbiod


XXV

Summary

Acknowledgments .................................................. IV

Book Abstract Board and Contributors ..................... V

International and National Abstract Review Committee

................................................................................................... V

Abstract Mentors ...................................................... V

Honor Committee ................................................... VI

Organizing Committee ........................................... VI

Local Support Organizing committee ..................... VI

Steering committee ................................................. VI

Scientific Committee ............................................. VII

Congress Chairman & Abstract Book Editor ............ V

Welcome ................................................................ VI

Microbiona President’s word .................................. VI

Welcome ............................................................... VII

MICROBIOD3 Congress Chairman’s word .......... VII

Program ................................................................ VIII

Summary ............................................................ XXV

Plenary lectures .............................................. XXXIV

OC1 : Pertinence de la Gouvernance Équitable du Dossier

Énergétique .................................................................................1

OC2 : Impact des Énergies Renouvelables à l’Horizon 2030 ......2

PCI-1 : New Aspects in Diagnostic, Therapy and Follow Up Care

in Ovarian Cancer .......................................................................4

PCI-2 : Pharmacogenomics Applications in Neurophyschyatric

Diseases ......................................................................................5

CTI-1 : Epidemiology and Clinical Trials in Public Health ........6

PCI-2 : Viral Carcinogenesis : Etiopathology of Human

Gynecologic Cancers Breast, Cervical and Ovarian ....................7

TCII-1 : Avian Adenoviral Infections and an Update on Their Re-

Emergence in Morocco .............................................................10

TCII-2 : Antitumor Potential of Natural Substances and Their

Role in the Boosting of Immune System : Cellular and Molecular

Analysis ....................................................................................11

PCIII-1 : Biotechnologies et Énergies Renouvelables ...............14

TCIII-1 : Streptomycetes as Drivers of Nutrient Turnover and

Organismic Interactions ............................................................14

TCIII-2 : Stable Isotope Probing of Carbon Flow in the lant

holobiont ...................................................................................15

TCIII.3 : Outils Moléculaire de Dernière Génération en

Biotechnologies ........................................................................17

PCIII-2 : Evaluation du Danger Viral dans l’Environnement et les

Aliments - The Public Health Hazard of Foodborneviruses ......17

PCIII-3 : Bacteriophages as Indicators of Pathogenic Viruses in

the Water Environment .............................................................19

PCIV-1 : From Symbiosis to Biotechnology : The Metal Ion

Inducible Autocleavage Domain ...............................................21

TCIV-1 : Optimiser les Processus de Facilitation et de « Plant-

Soil Feedback » par une Gestion Raisonnée du Potentiel

Mycorhizogène des Sols dans les Agrosystèmes Méditerranéens

..................................................................................................22

PCIV-2 : Epidemiovigilance for Improved Control of Plant

Diseases : The Case of Potato Late Blight ................................ 25

TCIV-2 : The Rhizobia-Legumes Relationship under Salinity

Stress ........................................................................................ 27

PCV-1 : Selection of Targets for Rational Drug Design of

Inhibitors for Viral Diseases ..................................................... 29

CTV-1. New technologies and HPV genotyping: what’s

implication in developing countries ? ....................................... 31

CTV-2 : Génotypage Moléculaire des Souches Résistantes de

Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolées au Maroc ......................... 32

CTV-3 : Molecular epidemiology of Hepatites B and C in

Morocco ................................................................................... 33

TCV-4 : La Biotechnologie au service de la Santé Animale

Production des Vaccins à usage Vétérinaires ............................ 35

CTV-5 : Les Nano Biocapteurs dans le Diagnostic en

Microbiologie ........................................................................... 37

WoI-1 : Le rôle des Technologies de Stockage dans la Transition

Énergétique ............................................................................... 38

WoI-2 : Introduction aux Nanomatériaux et Opportunité

d’Application pour le Photovoltaïque ....................................... 39

WoIII-1 : Méthodes de Détection des Virus Pathogènes dans

l’Eau et les Aliments ................................................................. 40

WoIII-2 : Recherche et Détection des Virus Entériques dans les

Bivalves au Maroc .................................................................... 40

WoIII-3 : Detection of Norovirus, Hepatits A virus and Other

Human Enteric Viruses in Molluscan Shellfish by Taqman Real

Time Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction Assay41

WoIII-4 : Intérêt des Bactériophages en tant qu’Indicateur de

Pollution Virale dans l’Environnement ..................................... 42

WoIII-5 : Bactériophages dans les Eaux Usées : Outils

d’Évaluation de Performance des Traitements d’Épuration pour

l’Élimination des Virus Entériques ........................................... 44

WoIII-6 : Méthodes de Concentration des Virus Pathogènes dans

l’Eau ......................................................................................... 45

WoIII-7 : Difficultés d’Interprétation de la Présence de Génome

Viral dans l’Eau et les Aliments ............................................... 45

Oral Communication ............................................... 47

COI-1 : Identification of Bio-Markers Using Real Time PCR

for Early Diagnosis of Gynecological and Breast Cancers

Viral Etiology in Morocco ...................................................... 48

COI-2 : Sequence Variations in E6 and E7 Oncogenes of

Human Papillomavirus Type 16 from Gabonese Cervical

Cancer Isolates ........................................................................ 48

COI-3 : E6 and E7 Oncogenes of Human Papillomavirus

Type 16 : Genetic Variability in Congolese Cervical Cancer

Isolates ..................................................................................... 49

COI-4 : Can Helicobacter pylori vacA Genotypes and cagA

Status Be Used As Predictor of Gastric Diseases Development in

a Moroccan Population ? .......................................................... 49

COI-5 : Clinico Pathological Review of 89 Patients with Bile

Duct Cancer and Association with Helicobacter pylori ............ 50

COI-6 : HIV-1 Drug Resistance Mutations Reported in People

Living with HIV in Libreville, Gabon between 2002 and 2009 51

COI-7 : Molecular Characterization of Multi and Extremely Drug

Resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis Isolates from Morocco . 51


XXVI

COI-8 : Detection of Helicobacter pylori and its CagA virulence

gene : Association with Gastric Diseases ..................................52

COI-9 : Aspects Épidémiologiques et Cliniques de l’Infection à

Helicobacter pylori à travers une Étude Marocaine ..................53

COI-10 : Prevalence of Panton-Valentine Leukocidin in

Staphylococcus aureus Strains in Tangier Morocco..................54

COI-11 : Phenotypic Characteristics of Methicillin Resistant

Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from Pediatric in the Mother

Child Hospital in Morocco ........................................................54

COI-12 : Rotavirus VP7 and VP 4 Genotyping in Stool Samples

from Children with Acute Diarrhea in Williamsville Area

(Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire) ............................................................55

COI-13 : Évaluation de l’Activité Antifongique de la Pierre

d’Alun Comparée avec l’Activité Antifongique du Bicarbonate de

Soude et de l’Héxetidine sur les Levures de Candida ...............55

COI-14 : Putting Viruses to Work for Cancer Diagnostics .......56

COI-15 : Pre Administration of Curcumin Prevents Hyper Homo

Cysteinemia In Ethanol Induced Gastric Ulcer .........................56

COI-16 : In vitro anticancer activity of Euphorbia echinus extract

..................................................................................................57

COII-1 : Pathogenesis and Tissue Distribution of Moroccan

Avian Infectious Bronchitis Virus Strains (Italy02 genotype) in

Experimentally Infected Broiler Chickens ................................58

COII-2 : Evaluation of the Safety and Efficacy of a Live

Attenuated Thermostable Rift Valley Fever Vaccine in Sheep,

Goats, Cattle and Camels ..........................................................58

COII-3 : Control of Peste des Petits Ruminants ........................59

COII-4 : Tuberculosis in Eurasian wild boar (Sus scrofa) from

Morocco ....................................................................................59

COII-5 : Development of One Step TaqMan-MGB Real Time

RT-PCR Assay for Rapid Detection and Discrimination of

Infectious Bursal Disease Virus ................................................60

COII-6 : Comparative Innocuity and Efficacy of Live and

Inactivated Sheep pox Vaccines ................................................61

COII-7 : Étude Comparative de la Pathogénécité des Souches

Marocaines du Virus de la Clavelée ..........................................61

COII-8 : Comparison of Virological and Serological Findings on

Moroccan Bluetongue Virus 1 and 4 Infected Sheep ................62

COII-9 : Isolation and Identification of Pasteurella Respiratory

Infected Ruminants in Morocco ................................................62

COII-10 : Thermal Stability Study of Five Newcastle Disease

Attenuated Vaccine Strains .......................................................63

COI-11 : Culture, Identification et Profil de Sensibilité des

Escherichia Coli en Pathologie Aviaire : Étude Rétrospective

2013-2014-2015 ........................................................................63

COII-12 : Study of the Effectiveness of Ovipox Vaccine Against

a Wild Strain of Sheep pox in Morocco ....................................64

COIII-1 : Microbe Assisted Phytoremediation of Metal Polluted

Salt Marshes Using Halophytes and Plant Growth Promoting

Rhizobacteria ............................................................................65

COIII-2 : Isolement et Identification des Bactéries Tolérantes

aux Métaux : Rôle Possible pour la Bioremédiation.............65

COIII-3 : Dépollution des Solutions Aqueuses Riches en

Chrome par le Biofilm de la Souche Wickerhamomyces

anomalus Formé sur les Déchets du Bois...............................66

COIII-4 : Performances Zootechniques d'une Régime Alimentaire

à Base de Déchets d'Algues Bio Transformés sur la Croissance

des Ovins ..................................................................................66

COIII-5 : Validation of Miniscale Algal Toxicity Bioassaiy for

Toxicity Screening .................................................................... 67

COIII-6 : Biodegradation of Antibiotics During the

Cocomposting of Sludge and Assessment of Their Genotoxicity

.................................................................................................. 68

COIII-7 : Genetic Diversity Characterization of Environmental

and Clinical P. aeruginosa Isolates from Meknes Region

(Morocco) ................................................................................. 68

COIII-8 : Isolation of Actinobacteria from Arid Sand in

Merzouga : Taxonomic Diversity and Biological Activity ....... 69

COIII-9 : Production d’Un Aliment Piscicole Equilibré Par Bio

Transformation Optimale de Mélanges Ternaires de Déchets et

Sous Produits Organiques des Industries Agroalimentaires ...... 69

COIII-10 : Étude de l’Effet Antibactérien de Quelques Huiles

Essentielles sur l’Agent Phytopathogène Pseudomonas syringae

pv. tomato Dc3000 ................................................................... 70

COIII-11 : Les Bactériophages dans les Eaux Usées : Outils

d’Évaluation de Performance des Traitements d’Épuration pour

l’Élimination des Virus Entériques ........................................... 71

COIII-12 : Détection des Entérovirus par PCR en Temps Réel

dans les Eaux Usées et Étude de Corrélation entre Contamination

Virale et Bactérienne ................................................................ 72

COIII-13 : Characterization of Microbial Diversity in Moroccan

Rivers Using A Metagenomics Approach ................................. 72

COIII-14 : Détection des Virus Entériques Pathogènes dans Le

Milieu Hydrique au Maroc ....................................................... 73

COIV-1 : Towards The Control of Date Palm (Bayoud Diseases)

by Antagonistic Pseudomonas to Fusarium oxysporum f. sp.

albedinis L. ............................................................................... 74

COIV-2 : Immature Embryo Derived of Two Bread Wheat

(Triticum aestivum L.) Varieties Transformation Using Particle

Bombardment Method With Plasmid pBY520 ......................... 74

COIV-3 : Serological Detection and Genetic Characterization of

Pepino mosaic Virus in Moroccan Tomatoes ............................ 75

COIV-4 : Genotypic Characterization of Quinolone Resistant

Escherichia coli Isolates from Retail Food in Morocco ............ 75

COIV-5 : Moroccan Bioactive Actinobacteria Isolates Producing

Efflux Pumps Inhibitors of Resistant Bacteria .......................... 76

COIV-6 : Effect of Dual Inoculation of Chickpea and Lentil With

Stress Tolerant Rhizobia and Plant Growth Promoting Bacteria in

Morocco ................................................................................... 77

COIV-7 : Biotechnological Properties and Yeasts Biodiversity

Habitats Associated to Moroccan Picholine Olive Variety ....... 78

CO IV-9 : Plant-Cyanobacteria Interactions : Cyanotoxins Water

Contamination and Impact on Agricultural Crops .................... 79

CO IV-10 : Role of Plant and Aphid Partners in Poleroviruses

Transmission by Aphids ........................................................... 79

COIV-11 : Ecology of Pantoea agglomerans 2066-7 Strain : a

Biological Control of Bacteria Onion Diseases ......................... 80

COIV-12 : The effect of Myrtus communis Extract on Cedar

Wood Surface Energy : Theoretical and Experimental of Fungal

Adhesion ................................................................................... 81

COIV-13 : Isolation and Identification of Potential Mycotoxin

Producing Fungi on Pasta In Morocco ...................................... 81

COIV-14 : in vitro Evaluation of the Antagonistic Activity of

Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and Trichoderma harzianum Against

Colletotrichum acutatum .......................................................... 82

COIV-15 : Can Moroccan Rock Phosphate Be Useful After

Biosolubilization For Sustainable Agriculture ?................... 82


XXVII

COIV-16 : Prevalence, Molecular and Antimicrobial

Resistance of Salmonella Isolated from Sausages in Meknes,

Morocco ...................................................................................83

COIV-17 : The Potential Effects of Herbicides on Soil

Bacterial Communities ...........................................................83

COIV-18 : Charcterization of The Bacteriological and

Physicochemical Quality of Raw Milk Cow : Influence of

Production Conditions ............................................................84

COIV-19 : Antibacterial, Antioxidant and Cytotoxic Effects of

Old and Freshly Harvested Propolis Extracts ............................85

COIV-20 : Chemical Composition, Cytotoxic and Antibacterial

Activities of The Essential Oil of Lippia citriodora Grown in

Different Moroccan Regions .....................................................85

COIV-21 : Effect of Chitosan and Mycorrhizal Fungi on Stomatal

Conductance and Leaf Area of the Tomato Crop Submitted to

Two Water Treatments .............................................................85

COIV-22 : Chemical Composition and Antimicrobial Activity of

Periploca laevigata Essential Oil and Its Synergistic Potential

With Conventional Antibiotics .................................................86

COIV-23 : Theoretical Effect of Coating Cobalt and Nickel based

Dental Alloys with a Bacillus sp. Extract on the Adherence of

Candida albicans ......................................................................87

COIV-24 : Potential of Rhizobium Strains Isolated from Root

Nodules of Hedysarum flexuosum for Promotion of Plant Growth

..................................................................................................87

COIV-25 : Ectomycorrhization of Carob (Ceratonia siliqua L.)88

COIV-26 : Isolement du Jus de Presse de Canne à Sucre d'Une

Souche de Candida Sp Thermophile et Productrice de

Fructofurabose ..........................................................................88

CO V-1 : Molecular Epidemiology of Phlebovirus in Four

Provinces in Morocco .............................................................90

CO V-2 : Neutral Serine Protease from Trichoderma

harzianum, Purification, Biochemical Characterization and

Use in Antibacterial Peptides Preparation from Scorpaena

notate muscle ...........................................................................90

CO V-3 : Modélisation Mathématique de l’Activité

Autolytique de Lactococcus lactisen fonction de Deux

variables Physico-chimiques par l’Usage des Surfaces de

Réponses ..................................................................................91

CO V-4 : Molecular Determinants of Aggressively of Barley

Yellow Dwarf Virus BYDV-PAV Groups CPII Isolates ......91

CO V-5 : Inhibitors Effects of Oleuropein, Kaempferol and

Quercetinon the Spike Protein of MERS Coronavirus In Slico

..................................................................................................92

CO V-6 : QSAR Modelling and Molecular Docking Studies of

Three Models of Delta Opioid Receptor ................................92

CO V-7 : Competitive Electrochemical Immunosensor for

Hepatitis A Detection Based on Horseradish Peroxidase as a

Signal Amplification Label .....................................................93

CO V-8 : Application of the Experimental Design for the

Development of a Reverse Hybridization Technique on Strips for

Oncogenic HPV Detection and Typing .....................................94

COV-9 : A statistical Approach for Optimization of Lipase

Production by Bacillus subtilis ...............................................94

COV-10 : Bionomics of Anopheles sergentii and First Molecular

Detection of Its Insecticide Resistant Genes Kdr and Ace-1 in

Morocco ....................................................................................95

CO V-11 : Novonestmycins A and B, Two Non Polyenic

Antifungal Derivatives Newly Produced by Streptomyces sp. Z26

: Purification and Structural Elucidation ...................................96

COV-12 : Can The Available Vaccine (Mass-type H120) of

Avian Infectious Bronchitis Able To Protect Against A New

Emerging Italy02 Genotype in Moroccan Broiler Chickens ? ... 97

COV-13 : A Simple, Rapid and Efficient Method of Pepino

mosaic virus RNA Isolation from Tomato Fruit ....................... 97

COV-14 : Assessment of Genetic Diversity among 16 Sorghum

accessions in Morocco using SSRs Markers ............................. 98

Poster ...................................................................... 99

PI-1 : Detection of Carbapenemases and Metallo-β-Lactamases

Production in Acinetobacter baumannii by Phenotypic Tests ... 85

PI-2 : Prevalence and Molecular Characterization of Epstein Barr

Virus Associated to Nasopharyngeal Diseases in Adult Moroccan

Population : Preliminary Study ................................................. 85

PI-3 : Bacterial Sexually Transmitted Infections in Fez Region 86

PI-4 : Development of Multiplex of PCR and Fragments Analysis

for High Risk Papillomavirus Genotyping ................................ 86

PI-5 : High Risk Genotypes Distribution in Fez Region ........... 87

PI-6 : Helicobacter pylori Inflammation et Cancer Gastrique... 88

PI-7 : Aspects Épidémiologiques et Cliniques de l’Infection à

Helicobacter pylori à travers une Étude Marocaine .................. 88

PI-8 : Intestinal Carriage of Vancomycin Resistant Enterococcus

in Community Setting in Casablanca ........................................ 89

PI-9 : Evaluation of The in vitro Anticancer Activity of Berberine

Alone and In Combination With A Nitric Oxide Donor On Tumor

Cells .......................................................................................... 89

PI-10 : Study of Signaling Pathways in HPV Related Cervical

Cancer....................................................................................... 90

PI-11 : Prevalence of Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus

and Streptococcus sp. Strains in The Oral Cavity of Moroccan

Patients with Chronic Peridontitis ............................................. 90

PI-12 : Profil Bactériologique des Infections Urinaires

Diagnostiquées à la Ville d’Ouazzane ...................................... 91

PI-13 : Étude des Connaissances, Attitudes et Acceptabilité du

Frottis Cervico Vaginal chez une Population Féminine à Settat 91

PI-14 : Importance du Dosage Immunologique par

Chimiluminescence dans le Diagnostic des Complications

Osseuses de Carence en Vitamine D ......................................... 92

PI-15 : Contrôle de la Qualité Microbiologique des Produits

Pharmaceutiques Non Obligatoirement Stériles ........................ 93

PI-16 : Prevalence of qnr, Aac(6’) and qepA in Escherichia coli

and Klebsiella pneumoniae Isolated from North West of Morocco

.................................................................................................. 94

PI-17 : A Study of Structural Properties of the D-Mannose in the

Natural Treatment of Urinary Infections caused by Escherichia

Coli ........................................................................................... 94

PI-18 : Antibiotic Susceptibility of Staphylococcus aureus and

Staphylococcus epidermidis Isolated from Eye Infections in

Tlemcen (Algeria) ..................................................................... 95

P-19 : The Human Microbiome and Cancer : Epidemiological

Studies ? ................................................................................... 95

PI-20 : CORRELATIONS ENTRE LA VITAMINE D ET LES

CANCERS GYNECO-MAMMAIRES VIRO-INDUITS ......... 96

PI-21Corrélation entre l’expression des récepteurs du facteur de

croissance oncogène, Epidermal Growth Factor et le

développement des cancers gynéco-mammaires viro-induits chez

la population marocaine. ........................................................... 96


XXVIII

PII-1 : Élaboration d’une Collection de Souches de

Lactobacilles Isolées à partir du Tractus Digestif de Volaille et

Mise en Évidence de leur Pouvoir Anti Pathogène ...............98

PII-2 : Do We Need to Invoke β-Lactam Antibiotics

Engineering to Determine the Effective Therapeutic Dose to

Pseudomonas Biofilms ?..........................................................98

PII-3 : Étude Comparative de la Qualité Microbiologique de

la Viande Rouge (bovine) dans la Ville de Meknès au Maroc99

PII-4 : Collections Coordonnées Marocaines de

Microorganismes CCMM .......................................................99

PII-5 : The Study of Some Behavioral and Functional Effects

of The Methanol Extract of Lavandula stoechas in Rats .... 100

PII-6 : Determination of the Effective Diffusion Coefficient of

Phenol in Ca-alginate-Immobilized Pseudomonas aeruginosa

beads ...................................................................................... 100

PII-7 : Isolation of Salmonella from Broilers Litter Used as

Organic Fertilizer in Agricultural Land in the Province of

Rabat-Salé-Kénitra Morocco ............................................... 101

PII-8 : Efficient Protocol for The Synthesis of Pharmaceutical

Molecules Using Green Catalysts Based on Fluorapatite ... 101

PII-9 : Antibiotic Resistance Profile of Escherichia coli of Avian

Origin : Broiler Case in The Region of Greater Casablanca .... 102

PII-10 : The Interest of Histopathology In Aquatic Animals

Health ..................................................................................... 102

PII-11 : Prophylactic Strategies of Bovine Rotavirus in Intensive

Herds in Morocco : Issues and Efficiency ............................... 103

PII-12 : Bluetongue Virus : Serotypes and Vaccines Used in

Morocco .................................................................................. 103

PIII-1 : Assessing of the Total Microflora Changes during

Sewage Sludge and Date Palm Waste Composting by Using Two

Culture Approaches ................................................................ 105

PIII-2 : Correlation between Physicochemical Properties of

Plumbing Materials Surfaces and Biofilm Formation : The case of

Legionella pneumophila and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.......... 105

PIII-3 : The Rehabilitation of a Clay Pit (Orobrique Sarl CR

Riah) by Composts Based Sludge ........................................ 106

PIII-4 : Efficiency of Co-Composting Process to Remove

Toxicity from Sewage Sludge Date Palm Mixture .................. 106

PIII-5 : Determination of the Effective Diffusion Coefficient of

Phenol in Ca-alginate Immobilized Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Beads ...................................................................................... 107

PIII-6 : Treatment of Olive Mill Wastewater by

Electrocoagulation : Kinetic Study ...................................... 107

PIII-7 : Traitement et Valorisation des Margines par

Biométhanisation .................................................................. 108

PIII-8 : Valorization Of Station Sewage Sludge By Anaerobic

Digestion ................................................................................ 108

PIII-9 : Evaluation of An Aerobic Treatment for Olive Mill

Wastewater Detoxification ................................................... 109

PIII-10 : Isolation, Identification and Screening of Ligno

Cellulolytic Fungal Strains ................................................... 109

PIII-11 : Phospholipid Fatty Acid Analysis to Assess the

Microbial Variation During The Composting Process of Olive

Oil Mill Wastes ...................................................................... 110

PIII-12 : Étude Physicochimique et Microbiologique et

Parasitologique des Eaux Usées Brutes Réutilisées en

Irrigation dans la Région de Marrakech ............................. 110

PIII-13 : Immobilization Mobilization of Heavy Metals in Bio

Augmented Soil : Soil Column Study .................................. 111

PIII-14 : Impact de l’Épandage Direct des Boues de Stations

d’Épuration sur la Croissance du Blé ................................. 111

PIII-15 : Traitement et Valorisation des Déchets Assimilés

par Compostage .................................................................... 112

PIII-16 : Biological Properties of the Urban Soils from

Marrakech City..................................................................... 112

PIII-17 : Removal of Crystal Violet Dye from Aqueous

Solutions Using a Food Waste as Low Cost Adsorbent ...... 113

PIII-18 : Approach to study biofilm formation and chlorine

disinfection against Legionella pneumophila in water

distribution system................................................................ 113

PIII-19 : Sequencing Batch Reactor using Activated Sludge :

An Effective and Economic Solution to Cleanse the Brassware

Wastewater ............................................................................ 114

PIII-20 : Assessment of Heat Release and Organic Matter

Degradation by Using Two Mathematical Models during

Sludge Co-Composting in a Bioreactor ............................... 114

PIII-21 : Évaluation de l’Écotoxicité d’un Pesticide

Organophosphoré sur Deux Espèces de l’Écosystème

Aquatique (Daphnia magna et Pseudokirchneriella

subcapitata) ............................................................................ 115

PIII-22 : Algicidal Effects of two Moroccan Medicinal Plants

against Microcystis aeruginosa Isolated from a Moroccan

Eutrophic Lake ..................................................................... 116

PIII-23 : Allelopathic Effects of Two Aquatic Macrophytes

Extracts on Microcystis aeruginosa Isolated from a Moroccan

Lake Reservoir ...................................................................... 116

PIII-24 : Flavobacterium psychrophilum Screening with

Actinobacteria Producer of Bioactive Substances ............... 117

P-III-25 : Assessment of Adsorption Kinetics for Removal

Potential of Brilliant Green Dye from Aqueuous Solutions Using

the Residue of Parsley Extraction ........................................... 117

PIII-26 : Immobilization Mobilization of Heavy Metals in

Bioaugmented Soil : Soil Column Study ................................ 118

PIII-27 : Accumulation of Heavy Metals by Streptomyces sp.

Isolated from Abandoned Mine in Marrakech Region,

Morocco ................................................................................. 118

PIII-28 : Antibiotic Resistance Profiling and Phenotyping of

Aeromonas species Isolated from Polluted and Unpolluted

Aquatic Environments of Marrakech ................................. 119

PIII-29 : Étude de la Relation entre des Bactéries de

Legionella pneumophila et des Amibes Isolées à partir

d’Écosystèmes Aquatiques à Marrakech ............................ 119

PIII-30 : Étude de la Flore Microbienne des Sols Agricoles

Contaminés par des Métaux Lourds ................................... 120

PIII-31 : Study of Heavy Metals Tolerance and PGPR

Potential of Rhizobacteria Isolated from Two Mining Sites in

Marrakech Region ................................................................ 121

PIII-32 : Traitement et Valorisation des Déchets Assimilés par

Compostage ........................................................................... 121

PIII-33 : Preliminary Evaluation of Greenhouse Tomato

Plant Wastes Composting..................................................... 122

PIII-35 : Phosphate Solubilization and Other PGP Activities of

Actinobacteria Isolated from Phosphate Mine ........................ 123

PIII-36 : Biological Wasterwater Treatment Using A Gram

Positive Bacterium Isolated From Wastewater ....................... 123


XXIX

PIII-37 : Caractérisation Physicochimique du Lixiviat de la

Décharge de Meknès ............................................................... 124

PIII-38 : The Effect of Sodium Hypochlorite on Detachment of

Pseudomonas aeruginosa Biofilms Formed on Stainless Steel124

PIII-39 : Antibiotics Susceptibility Patterns of Legionella

pneumophila Strains Isolated from Water Systems in Morocco125

PIII-40 : Valorisation du Silicium Organique Issu des Plantes ou

des Déchets Organique ........................................................... 126

PIII-41 : Les Actinobactéries Halophiles et Halotolérantes de

Deux Écosystèmes Salins Marocains : Isolement, Biodiversité et

Screening des Activités Antimicrobiennes à Usage Biomédicale

................................................................................................ 126

PIII-42 : Study of Technological Properties of Lactobacillus spp.

of Marine Origin ..................................................................... 127

PIII-43 : Treatment of Cyanotoxin Contaminated Waters with

Macrophytes Best of Advanced Phytoremediation Process .... 127

PIII-44 : Denitrification of Drinking Water by Electrodialysis in

Continuous Flow Systems ....................................................... 128

P-III45 : Isolement, Production, et Purification de la Lipase

Bactérienne Utilisée comme Bio Dépolluant des Eaux Usées . 128

P-III-45 : Biological Breakdown During Composting : Case of

Sludge from Lagooning Wastewater Purification Station ....... 129

PIII-46 : Utilisation de la Technique SPME dans l’Analyse

des Pesticides Organochlorés dans les Eaux de Surface et de

Forage et Comparaison avec la Méthode de Référence LLE

................................................................................................ 129

PIII-47 : Validation of Miniscale Algal Toxicity Bio Assay For

Toxicity Screening .................................................................. 130

PIII-48 : Évaluation de l’Écotoxicité d’un Pesticide

Organophosphoré sur Deux Espèces de l’Écosystème Aquatique

(Daphnia magna et Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata) ............ 131

PIII-49 : Impact of Organic and Inorganic Amendments On

Biological and Ecotoxicological Properties of Tailing from

Kettara Mine ......................................................................... 131

PIII-50 : Bio Evaluation de la Qualite Bacteriologique des Eaux

d’un Ecosysteme Lacustre : Le Cas du Lac du Barrage

Boukourdane (Algérie) ........................................................... 132

PIII-51 : Olive Oil Mill Effluents Degradation Kinetics in a Batch

Bioreactor ............................................................................... 132

PIII-52 : Contribution à la Caractérisation Bactériologique et

Enzymatique d'un Site Extrême : Le Sol des Bassins

d’Evaporation de l’Eau Saline dans la Région de Taza Maroc 133

PIII-53 : Detection of Norovirus, Hepatits A virus and Other

Human Enteric Viruses in Molluscan Shellfish by Taqman Real

Time Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction Assay

................................................................................................ 133

PIII.54 : Screening d’Activités Hydrolytiques Extracellulaires

chez des Microorganismes Halophiles Aérobies Isolés des Marais

Salants des Régions du Centre Ouest et Sud du Maroc ........... 134

PIII-55 : Valorisation des Déchets Hélicicoles dans le Traitement

Biologique des Effluents des Laiteries .................................... 134

PIII-56 : Canalisation d’Eau Potable en PVC – Nouvelle

Formulation pour des Effets Anti Adhésion ............................ 135

PIII-57 : La conservation biologique des produits

agroalimentaires ...................................................................... 135

PIII-58 : Fermentation contrôlée d’artichaut par inoculation

microbienne ............................................................................ 136

PIII-59 : Screening d’activités hydrolytiques extracellulaires chez

des microorganismeshalophiles aérobies isolés des marées salants

des régions du centre ouest et sud du Maroc ........................... 136

PIV-1 : Listeria and Brucella in Raw Cow's Milk in the Region of

Tlemcen .................................................................................. 138

PIV-2 : The Bacterial Diversity of Camel Milk : A Contemporary

Update .................................................................................... 138

PIV-3 : Long Term Cryoconservation Toxic Impact on

Aromatisation Acidification Profiles of Wild Thermophilic lactic

Strains Isolated from Raw Kamel Milk ................................... 138

PIV-4 : Adhesion of Staphylococcus aureus Cultured in the UHT

Milk in Polystyrene Surface.................................................... 139

P-IV5 : Evaluation of Hygienic and Microbiological Quality of

Raw Cow milk from The Area of Tadla Azilal ....................... 139

PIV-6 : Caractérisation de la Qualité Physicochimique et

Évaluation des Risques Sanitaires du Lait Cru Commercialisé via

le Circuit Informel dans Deux Régions : Béni-Mellal-Khénifra et

Rabat-Salé-Kénitra (Maroc).................................................... 140

P-IV7 : Molecular and Proteomic Characterization of

Leuconostoc mesenteroides Isolated from Algerian Raw Camel

Milk ........................................................................................ 140

PIV-8 : Etude de la Diversité Microbienne du Lait et des Urines

de Dromadaire ........................................................................ 141

PIV-9 : Carbon Dioxide Production by Leuconostoc

mesenteroîdes Grown in Single and Mixed Culture with

Lactococcus lactis in Skim Milk ............................................. 141

PIV-9 : Selection of Probiotic Bifidobacteria and the Evaluation

of Their Viability in Fermented Milk ...................................... 142

PIV-10 : Isolement, Identification Phénotypique et

Caractérisation Technologiques des Bactéries Lactiques à partir

du Lait Fermenté "Lben", Fromage Traditionnel "Jben" de la

Région Tanger-Tétoun ............................................................ 142

P-IV11 : Évaluation des Aptitudes Fromagères des Souches

Lactiques Autochtones Isolées à partir des Fromages de Chèvre

du Nord du Maroc ................................................................... 142

PIV-12 : Recherche de la Listeria monocytogenes dans Certains

Produits Alimentaires Alger) .................................................. 143

PIV-13 : Qualité Microbiologique des Plats Finis Desservis dans

un Centre Hospitalier Marocain ............................................ 144

PIV-14 : Étude de la Qualité Microbiologique de Denrées

Alimentaires Issues de la Restauration Collective de la Ville de

Fès .......................................................................................... 145

PIV-15 : Effet des Huiles Essentielles de Mentha pulegium L. et

de Melaleuca alternifolia sur la Croissance et la Toxinogenèse de

Deux espèces de Penicillium Isolées des Denrées Alimentaires145

PIV-16 : Activité Antifongique en Micro Atmosphère de l’Huile

Essentielle de Origanum compactum ...................................... 146

PIV-17 : Chemical Composition and Antibacterial Activity of two

Essential Oils of Rosmarinus Rosmarinus officinalis et

Rosmarinus eriocalyx Against Erwinia Amylovora fire blight

agent ....................................................................................... 146

PIV-18 : Etude Comparative de l’Effet Anti Adhésion de l’Huile

Essentielle et des Extraits Aqueux et Ethanolique de Salvia

Officinalis sur l’Acier Inoxydable 304 dans une Solution d’Eau

de Mer Simulée ....................................................................... 147

PIV-19 : Study of Antibacterial Activity of Thymus capitatus

Essential Oil and Its Use in Orange Juice Preservation ........... 147

PIV-20 : Évaluation de l’Impact des Températures de Stockage

sur la Stabilité et l’Activité Biocide des Huiles Essentielles


XXX

Formulées Cas de Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) (Insecta,

Tenebrionidae) ........................................................................ 148

PIV-21 : Biological Activities of Essential Oils and Ethanol

Extracts of Teucrium polium subsp. capitatum (L.) Briq. and

Origanum floribundum Munby ............................................... 148

PIV-22 : Chemical Composition Antioxidant and Genotoxicity of

Essential oil of Origanum compactum .................................... 149

PIV-23 : Phytochemistry of the Essential Oil of Illicium verum

Preventive Approach Against the Pathogenic Bacteria ........... 150

PIV-24 : Antibacterial Activity of Essential Oils Extracts from

Cinnamon, Thyme, Clove and Geranium against a Gram Negative

and Gram Positive Pathogenic Bacteria .................................. 150

P-IV-25 : Chemical Composition and Antibacterial Activity of

Moroccan Thymus satureioides Essential Oil ......................... 151

PIV-26 : Biological Investigations of Antioxidant, Antimicrobial

Properties and Chemical Composition of Essential Oil from

Warionia saharae ................................................................... 151

PIV-27 : Étude de l’Activité Antifongique des Huiles Essentielles

de Thymus saturoides et Thymus leptobotrys sur des Levures du

genre Candida ......................................................................... 152

PIV-28 : in vivo Antimicrobial Activity of Methanolic Extract of

Zygophyllum album against Bacillus subtilis .......................... 152

PIV- 29 : Composition Chimique et Activité Antimicrobienne de

l’Huile Essentielle de Juniperus communis L. ( Genévrier ) ... 153

PIV-30 : Potentiation of the Antibacterial Effect of Thymus

satureioides and Pelargonium asperum Essential Oils against

Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica (serovar Typhimurium) by

Binary Combination ................................................................ 153

PIV-31 : Effet Protecteur de Deux Huiles Essentielles sur le

Protozoaire Tetrahymena thermophila .................................... 154

PIV-32 : Composition and Antibacterial Activity of Hydro-

Alcohol and Aqueous Extracts Obtained from Moroccan Plants of

the Lamiaceae Family against Pathogenic Strains .................. 154

PIV-33 : Caractérisation Chimique par GC/MS de l’Huile

Essentielle d’Origanum compactum de Région de Meknès .... 155

PIV-34 : Effect of Polyphenols extracted from Honey on

Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus .......................... 155

PIV-35 : Comparing the Antimicrobial Potential of Sahara Honey

from Algeria and Manuka Honey against Urogenital

Microorganisms ...................................................................... 156

PIV-36 : Antibacterial Activity of Crude Plant Extracts of

Crataegus oxyacantha and Cistus salviifolus Against Three

Staphylococcus Strain ............................................................. 156

PIV-37 : Activité Antimicrobienne de Cladophialophora et

Trichoderma, Mycoendophytes Foliaires d’Urtica dioica (Ortie

Commune) .............................................................................. 157

PIV-38 : Antibiotic Resistance and Incidence of Virulence

Determinants en Enterococci .................................................. 157

PIV-39 : Biodegradation of Oleuropein by Lactobacillus

pentosus S150 Isolated from Spontaneous fermentation of

Moroccan Green Olives .......................................................... 158

PIV-40 : Étude de Certaines Propriétés Probiotiques des Souches

de Bactéries Lactiques et de Levures Isolées des Olives en

Fermentation ........................................................................... 158

PIV-41 : Diversity of Nematophagous fungus Communities in

Commercial Olive Nurseries in Morocco................................ 159

PIV-42 : Diversité des Mycoendophytes Foliaires chez

Limoniastrum feei (Girard) Batt. de Oued Aghlal (Béchar,

Algérie) ................................................................................... 160

PIV-43 : Study of the Adhesion phenomena of the Agent of Fire

Blight to the host Malus spp. (Apple) ..................................... 160

PIV-44 : Induction of Resistance in Tomato (Lycopersucum

esculentum) Plants Treated with Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and

Its Effect on the Advance of Stem Necrosis Caused by

Rhizoctonia solani .................................................................. 161

PIV-45 : Effect of Some Antagonistic Bacterial Strains on the

Mycelial Growth and Conidial Germination of Botrytis cinerea

................................................................................................ 161

PIV-46 : Antagonistic Activities of Plant Growth Promoting

Fluorescent Pseudomonads against Tomato Bacterial Canker

Agent Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis ......... 162

PIV-47 : Induction of Hydrogen Peroxide H2O2 and Catalase

Activities in Date Palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) Seedling by

Pseudomonads bacteria........................................................... 162

PIV-48 : Potential antagonism of some Trichoderma strains

isolated from Moroccan soil against three phytopathogenic fungi

of great economic importance (Fusarium oxysporum, Verticillium

dahliae and Rhizoctonia solani) .............................................. 163

PIV-49 : Search, Isolation and Identification of

Entomopathogenic Fungi of the Mediterranean Fruit Fly

(Ceratitis capitata) ................................................................. 164

PIV-50 : Plant Monocultures support more antagonistic activity

among soil Streptomyces populations than plant polycultures.164

PIV-51 : The Phenotypic and Symbiotic Characterization of

Rhizobia Nodulating Lotus creticus in the North of Morocco 165

PIV-52 : Effects of Mycorrhization on The Growth of Carob

(Ceratonia siliqua) Plants and Their Response to Drought Stress

................................................................................................ 165

PIV-53 : Extraction and Characterization of Lignin and Cellulose

Nanocrystals from the Moroccan Bagasse .............................. 166

PIV-54 : The Use of Mycorrhizal Fungi and PGPR Bacteria for a

Durable Productivity of Lycopersicum esculentum Mill ......... 166

PIV-55 : Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria Their Effect on

Plant Growth Promotion and Disease Suppression ................. 167

PIV-56 : The Use of the Plant Growth-Promoting

Rhizobacterium Pseudomonas with Phosphate Solubilizing and

ACC-Desaminase Activity as Biofertilizers ............................ 167

PIV-57 : Effect of Rhizobium and Arbuscular mycorrhiza on the

Growth and Physiological Parameters in Alfa (Medicago sativa)

Under Salt Stress .................................................................... 168

PIV-58 : Caractérisation Moléculaire de la Symbiose Haricot –

Rhizobia Sous Déficience en Phosphore : Expression

Différentielle de Genes du Cortex Nodulaire .......................... 168

PIV-59 : Variations Saisonnieres de Diversité en Champignons

Endophytes Folaires du Pistachier de l’Atlas de Dayate Aiat . 169

PIV-60 : The effects of PGPR on Wheat (Triticum aestivum)

Growth Parameters ................................................................. 170

PIV-61. Date Palm Water Stress Resistance Improvement by

Mycorrhizal fungi and PGPR Bacteria.................................... 170

PIV-62 : Prospection de Dickeya Bactérie Macergène

Responsable de la Pourriture Molle dans Quatre Régions à Forte

Production de la Pomme de Terre au Maroc ........................... 171

PIV-63 : Genotypic and Phenotypic Diversity for Tolerance to

Environmental Stresses of Rhizobia nodulating lens Culinaris in

Morocco ................................................................................. 171

PIV-64 : Criblage Phytochimiques et Dosage des Polyphénols et

Flavonoïdes des Feuilles de Ziziphus lotus L. ....................... 172


XXXI

PIV-65 : Effect of Pre Incubation of Rhizobia with Hesperetin on

Vicia faba Growth and Nodulation Under Salt Stress Conditions

................................................................................................ 172

PIV-66 : The Mononuclear NiII Complex bis (azido-κN) bis [2,5-

bis pyridin-2-yl)-1,3,4-thiadiazole-κ2N2,N3]nickel(II) Protects

Tomato from Verticillium dahliae by Inhibiting the Fungal

Growth and Activating Plant Defences ................................... 174

PIV-67 : Diversité en mycoendophytes et épiphytes foliaires de

peganum harmala de dayate aiat ........................................... 174

PIV-68 : Isolation of phosphate solubilizing bacteria and fungi

and their potential for lead to ericaceous plant growth ............ 175

PIV-69 : Biodiversity of the Fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) and

their host plants in Morocco .................................................... 175

PIV-70 : Nematophagous fungi as biocontrol agent against root

knot nematodes Melodoigyne.spp ........................................... 176

PIV-71 : Stimulation des défenses naturelles de la pomme en

post-récolte par le glucuronane et les oligoglucuronanes extraits

de l’algue verte Ulva lactuca .................................................. 176

PIV-72 : Evaluation de l’activité antifongique des extraits des

fruits de Ziziphus lotus sur la croissance mycélienne de Botrytis

cinerea et Rhyzoctonia solani.................................................. 177

PIV-73 : Comparison between toxicity of lead and chromium in

green beans and cherry tomatoes grown in bioponic environment.

................................................................................................ 177

PIV-74 : Valorisation agroalimentaire du caroubier du maroc : la

mise en œuvre d’un nouveau procede de decorticage des graines

de caroube . ............................................................................. 178

PIV-75 : Fungal endophytes diversity of leaves of Pistacia

atlantica Desf. of dayate El Gouffa and dayate Aïat (Laghouat,

Algérie) ................................................................................... 178

PIV-76 : Genetic Diversity and Improvement of Trifolium

isthmocarpum Cultivars ( Forage Species) ............................. 179

PIV-77 : Study of the quality of a derivative of Moroccan dates:

Dkess (date paste) ................................................................... 179

PIV-78 : Effects of bioactive molecules extracted from sesame

seeds and oil on the stability of different edibles oils .............. 180

PIV-79 : Etude de l’activité antimicrobienne et de la résistance

aux antibiotiques des souches de bactéries lactiques isolées des

saumures d’olives vertes en fermentation naturelle ................. 180

PIV-80 : Screening of Antibacterial and Antioxidant Properties of

Moroccan Garlic (Allium sativum) .......................................... 181

PIV-81 : Studies of Extracellular Enzyme Profiles and citric acid

production by Aspergillus niger isolates from undervalued dates

................................................................................................ 181

PIV-82 : Improvement of the traditional treatments of

conservation of dates by the method of planning experience .. 182

PIV-83 : Identification moléculaire (PCR-Delta& PCR-ITS-

RFLP) des levures dans les vignobles de la plaine de Ghriss.

Cépages : Syrah et Grenache................................................... 182

PIV-84 : Contribution à l’étude quantitative et semi qualitative

des composés phénoliques des feuilles et graines de Moringa

oleifera (arbre de vie) de la région d’Adrar. ............................ 183

PIV-85 : Comparative Antibacterial Effect Of Synthetic Saffron

(Tartrazine) and Turmeric (Curcuma longa) .......................... 183

PIV- 86: Preictive adhésion of Penicillium digitatum and

Penicillium italicumon on oranges .......................................... 184

PIV-87 : Isolement de souches de bactéries lactiques probiotiques

à partir de saumures d’olives vertes en fermentation naturelle 184

PIV-88 : Isolation And Identification Of Bacteria Degrading

Sucrose Isolated From Sugar Beet Roots ................................ 185

PIV-89 : Screening Of Rhizobacteria For Their Plant Growth

Promoting Activities ............................................................... 185

PIV-90 : Microbiological, biochemical, and molecular

identification (PCR-RFLP-ITS) of the yeast from Sultana grape

cultivated in Ain Merane (Wilaya of Chlef) ........................... 186

PIV-91 : CONTRIBUTION A LA BIOCONSERVATION DE

LA CREVETTE ROSE « Parapenaeus longirostris »............ 186

PIV-92 : Evaluation of fish coproducts "Sardina pilchardus"

serving biotechnology ............................................................. 187

PIV-93 : The impact of co-inoculation with PGPR bacteria on

plant mineral nutrition ............................................................ 187

PIV-94 : Study of physicochemical properties of the surface of

actinomycetes isolated from soil of Béni amir (Beni Mellal,

Morocco) ................................................................................ 188

P-IV-95 .Role of Moroccan actinobacteria isolates as biocontrol

agents of root rot in legumes caused by Aphanomyces euteiches

................................................................................................ 188

PIV-96 Les actinobactéries des milieux salins Marocains :

isolement, biodiversité et screening des isolats bioactifs contre

quelques agents phytopathogènes. .......................................... 188

PIV-97 : Isolement et criblage de bactéries actinomycétales

productrices de molécules antimicrobiennes à partir de sol salin

dans la région de Taza-Maroc. ................................................ 189

PIV-98 : Screening for rock phosphate solubilizing actinobacteria

from a Togolese phosphate mine ............................................ 190

PIV-99 : Isolation and Screening of Actinomycetes from Algerian

soil for their Enzymatic and Antimicrobial activities .............. 190

PIV-100 : Predictive adhesion of Lactic Acid Bacteria to

Moroccan Arbiquine olives..................................................... 191

PIV-101 : Hydrolyse des caséines par les protéases de bactéries

lactiques et activité anti bactérienne des hydrolysats .............. 191

PIV-102 : Stress acide chez les lactobacilles .......................... 192

PIV-103 : Proteolyse et autolyse de souches de bacteries lactiques

d’origine laitiere ..................................................................... 192

PIV-104 : L’importance du cactus dans la fermentation lactique et

la technologie alimentaire (Meknès, MAROC) ...................... 193

PIV-105 : Formulation du yaourt à base du cactus (Meknès,

MAROC) ................................................................................ 193

PIV-106 : PGPR traits of Heavy Metals Resistant bacteria:

Application in Phytoremediation ............................................ 194

PIV-107 : Bioremediation of landfill leachate using

microorganisms ...................................................................... 195

PIV-108 : Bioremediation : microbiology of pesticide

degradation, and the use of biofilters for decontaminationin the

field of Agriculture ................................................................. 195

PIV-109 : Enzymatic characterization of yeaststrainsisolated from

the gut of a coprophage "Gymnopleurussturmi" ..................... 196

PIV-110 : First report of resistance genes L1014F kdr and G119S

ace-1 mutations among Culex pipiens in Morocco ................. 196

PIV-111 : Etude de l’adhésion des microorganismes isolés à partir

de l’acier inoxydable 304 dans une solution d’eau de mer simulée

................................................................................................ 197

PIV-112 : LA BIOREMEDIATION DES SOLS POLLUE AUX

HERBICIDES (GLYPHOSATE ET 2,4-D) PAR

L’INOCULATION DE LA PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA

DANS LE PERIMETRE IRRIGABLE DE BOUNAMOUSSA


XXXII

(EXTREME NORD EST ALGERIEN)- EFFETS SUR LA

DISPONIBILITE DU PHOSPHORE ASSIMILABLE (P2O5).198

PIV-113 : Caractérisation microbiologique des extraits d’algues

marines de la région d’EL JADIDA ........................................ 198

PIV-114 : Etude microbiologique de neuf algues récoltées de la

côte d’El Jadida ....................................................................... 199

PIV-115 : Effet du Nitrate sur le Comportement de la Symbiose

(Haricot-Rhizobium phaseoli), en Condition de la Salinité ..... 199

PIV-116 : Comparison of qualitative and quantitative

hydrophobicity to explain the microbial adhesion behavior .... 200

PIV-117 : Impacts On Soil Of Herbicides Used In Triticum

Cultures................................................................................... 200

PIV-118 : Slow-Release Potassium Sulfate Fertilizer Coated By

Starch/Polyacrylamide/Grapheme Oxide Biocomposites ........ 201

PIV-119. Development of Nano-Biodegradable Fertilizers from

Moroccan phosphate rock. ...................................................... 201

PIV-120 : Variability of N2 Fixation in Cowpea Under

Phosphorus Deficiency is Related to Phosphorus Use Efficiency

................................................................................................ 202

PIV-121 : Flores autochtones thermophiles : une nouvelle

méthode innovatrice pour la sélection de souches thermophiles

productrices de diacetyle ......................................................... 202

PIV-122 : L’activité anti-microbienne de l’huile essentielle et des

extraits aqueux et éthanolique de Salvia Officinalis ................ 203

PIV-123 : Nutritional variation among ecotypes of sulla

(Hedysarum flexuosumL.) grown in North of Morocco........... 203

PIV-124. New formula of phosphorus biofertilizers produced

from renewable raw materials ................................................. 204

PIV-125 : Biodegradation assessment of biological oil sludge

from a petroleum refinery ....................................................... 204

PIV-126 : Evaluation offishcoproducts Sardina pilchardus

Serving Biotechnology............................................................ 205

PIV-127 : Extraction et Caracterisation D’huile Essentielle De

Plantes Medicinales Et Evaluation De Leurs Activite

Anmicrobienne Et Dermocosmetique. .................................... 205

PIV-128 : Composition chimique et activité antimicrobienne de

l’huile essentielle de Juniperus communis L (Genévrier) ....... 206

PIV-129 : Optimisation la digestion anaérobie : montage de

laboratoire et application sur les fientes de poulet pondeuses

issues de élevage de la ville Oujda Maroc ............................... 206

PIV-130 : Effect of Rhizobium and arbuscular mycorrhiza on the

growth and physiological parameters in AlfaAlfa (Medicago

sativa) under salt stress. .......................................................... 207

PIV-131 : Isolation of phsphate solubilizing bacteria and fungi

and their potential for lead to ericaceous plant growth ............ 208

PIV-132 : Carbon Source Effects on The Toxinogenesis of

Penicillium aurantiogriseum ................................................... 208

PIV-133 : Adhesion of staphylococcus aureus cultured in the

UHT milk in polystyrene surface ............................................ 209

PIV-134 : Diversité des Glomeromycota dans les sols

rhizosphériques du pistachier de l’Atlas de dayate El Gouffa

(Laghouat, Algérie). ................................................................ 209

PIV-136 : Caractérisation Microbiologique des Extraits d’Algues

marines de la Côte d’El Jadida ................................................ 210

PIV-137 : Molecular identification of Trichoderma Moroccan

isolates and In vitro screening of their antagonism potential .. 210

PIV-138 : Plant monocultures support more antagonistic activity

among soil Streptomyces populations than plant polycultures.211

PIV-139 : Effect of antimicrobial edible coating on the shelf-life

of strawberries ........................................................................ 211

PIV-140 : Chemical Composition and Antibacterial Activity of

two Essential Oils, of rosemary ( Rosmarinus

officinalis,Rosmarinus eriocalyx) Against Erwinia Amylovora fire

blight agent ............................................................................. 212

PIV-141 : First detection of resistance genes L1014F kdr and

G119S ace-1 mutations among Culex pipiensin Morocco....... 212

PIV-142 : Formulation du yaourt à base du cactus (Meknès,

MAROC) ................................................................................ 213

PIV-143 : Biomass Exploitation: A New Technological Interest

Thermophilic Homofermentative Lactic Levain Assessment .. 214

PV-1 : The Role of Ionic Strength and Surfactants Tween 20

and Tween 80 on the Adhesion Phenomenon of

Staphylococcus aureus on the Glass ..................................... 215

PV-3 : Surface Hydrophobicity and Acid-Base Properties of

Various Wood Species Used in Morocco ............................. 216

PV-4 : Biodiversité des Bactéries Halophiles des Marais Salins de

la Région de Taza in Maroc .................................................... 216

PV-5 : Optimization of Fermentation Conditions for Extracellular

Production of the Antineoplastic Enzyme, L-Asparaginase by

Novel Actinomycete Nocardiopsis synnemasporogenes sp. nov.

NEAE-85 ................................................................................. 217

PV-6 : Contact Angle as New Method to Determine the

Corrosion Inhibition Efficiency of Stainless Steel by Plant

Extracts ................................................................................. 217

PV-7 : Phylogenetic Analysis of Hypervariable S1 Gene

Regions of Avian Coronavirus : Case of Infectious Bronchitis

Virus Variants Circulating in Africa ................................... 218

PV-8 : Phylogenic and Phylodynamics Study of EBOLA .. 218

PV-9 : Use of Medicinal Plants in the Treatment of Infection

Stones ..................................................................................... 219

PV-10 : Molecular Identification with PCR_Delta and

PCR_ITS_RFLP of Yeast in the Vineyards of the Plain Ghriss

Grape Varieties (Merlot, Cabernet and Carignan)................... 219

PV-11 : Effet de Certaines Substances Antibactériennes Produites

par des Bactéries Halines Extrêmophiles Sur Certaines Bactéries

d’Intérêt Sanitaire ................................................................... 220

PV-12 : A Risk Assessment of Enterobacter sakazakii in Infantile

Formula Powder Consumed in Algeria ................................... 221

PV-14 : Green Synthesis and Characterization of Silver

Nanoparticles Using Red Apple (Malus domestica) Fruit Extract

at Room Temperature ............................................................. 221

PV-16 : Competitive Electrochemical Immuno Sensor for

Hepatitis A Detection Based on Horseradish Peroxidase as A

Signal Amplification Label ..................................................... 222

Index ..................................................................... 223


XXXIII

The 3th Edition of International Congress :

Microbial Biotechnology for Development

October 24-26th, 2016

Plenary lectures

The 3rd Edition of International Congress : Microbial Biotechnology for Development 1

Plenary Lectures : Theme I


OC1 : Pertinence de la Gouvernance Équitable du Dossier Énergétique

Pr. Iraqi M.A.

Professeur de Médecine, Président Honoraire et Conseiller de la Société Marocaine des

Sciences Médicales, Ex-Membre Chargé de l’Environnement du Gouvernement et Co-

Président de la COP7 2001 Maroc

Pr. Moulay Ahmed Iraqi

Biography

MoulayAhmed Iraqi est Ex Ministre de l’Environnement, Président / membre actif de Sociétés

Savantes

Vice Président du comité d’éthique de la Faculté de Médecine de Casablanca(FMC) ; Animateur de

séminaires de Pédagogie ; Animateur de conférences et de débats scientifiques et publiques ;

Consultant d’organismes étatiques et institutionnels (Santé-environnement enseignement) ; Membre

de comités de lecture de revues scientifiques ; Secrétaire Général adjoint du parti socialiste ;

Éditorialiste du Journal « Al Manbar Il Ichtiraki »

Ayant une Carrière hospitalo-universitaire de recherche, ordinale, associative, politique et syndicale

bien remplie, Pr. Iraqi est également

Auteur d’articles et de manuscrits scientifiques ; Auteur d’essais sur la vie publique ; Participant au

débât public écrit et radio diffusé ; Président honoraire de la SMSM depuis1998 ; Titulaire du Wissam

Alaouite, depuis1991 ; Vice Président honoraire de la FMPC, depuis 1989. Moulay Ahmed Iraqi est

Docteur en Médecine (UPS, Toulouse, 1977), Titulaire du C.E.S d’Anatomie Pathologique, France,

1979) et Expert en pédagogie (Université Paris V, 1988).

Outre sa formation académique, il est à souligner que Pr. Moulay Ahmed Iraqi est titulaire de Titres

honorifiques de « National Arab Medical Association », « Association Catalyse et Environnement»,

Sociétés Maghrébines et Marocaines de Sciences Médicales, Facultés et Universités Marocaines.

Abstract

La gouvernance des énergies répond éternellement et universellement à la raison de l’homme (RDH).

Les variations spatio-temporelles qui l’accompagnent relèvent de la sorte de la perception individuelle

des défis qui lui sont inhérents. Elle est, par conséquent, synonyme d’un consentement implicite,

certes, nuancé, mais, effectif. Ni les déficits globaux de la planète ni la majoration croissante des

disparités d’accès spatial et social des ressources même vitale n’en affecte l’immunité, au contraire,

c’est en somme le moteur d’une histoire marquée par des alliances, des conflits et de compromis à la

fois consensuels et conflictuels.


Plenary lectures: Theme I


Par sa pensée, la gouvernance en fait de l’ensemble des ressources vitales transcende les époques et les

lieux. Par la mondialisation culturellement consentie d’une manière ou d’une autre, elle débouche sur

une institutionnalisationuniversellement commune. Le spectre du réchauffement climatique domine

par des retombées angoissantes l’ordre du jour de la communauté internationale. Du fait de la

prééminence de la RDH, l’investissement humain et financier, malgré le dépassement de son seuil de

tolérance devient aussi insupportable qu’inefficient. Car rien n’empêche la raison de la nature (RDN)

de répondre sévèrement mais normalement à la sollicitation anormale des ressources et des réceptacles

de vie. Les progrès spectaculaires notamment mais non exclusivement des sciences de la vie et de la

terre conjugué avec les leçons du passé ouvrent cependant la voie du meilleur mais sous réserve d’une

lucidité authentique. L’argumentaire de celle-ci repose sur deux grandes vérités, l’une portant sur les

ressources vitales et l’autre sur la gouvernance adéquate. La première tient à la réalité de la diversité

globale et intégrée de la dynamique de l’environnement, et la seconde au dictat de l’adaptation aux

évolutions spatiotemporelle des changements qui s’en suivent. Les deux convergent en la qualification

de la gestion équitable des ressources naturelles de conditions incontournables de la survie d’abord et

du mieux être ensuite. C’est tout juste une question de volonté, l’obstacle à franchir étant plus

idéologique que scientifique.

Quoiqu’il en soit, l’autonomie énergétique revêt le caractère d’une vue de l’esprit aussi dangereuse

qu’erronée et dangereuse. La vertu de la gouvernance équitable des ressources disponibles et

mobilisables spatialement et socialement fait en revanche la pertinence des précisions apportées à ses

termes de référence.

OC2 : Impact des Énergies Renouvelables à l’Horizon 2030

Dr. Benkhadra A.

Président Directeur Général l’ONHYM, Rabat, Maroc et Ex-Ministre de l'Énergie et des

Mines

Dr. Amina Benkhadra

Executive Director of National Office of Hydrocarbons and Mining

Biography

Amina Benkhadra is a Moroccan engineer and politician. She was Minister of Energy, Mines, Water

and Environment of Morocco, in the El Fassi government, between 2007 and 2012. She is executive

director of the National Office of Hydrocarbons and Mining (ONHYM).

Amina Benkhadra gets a degree in Civil Engineering, Specialty Mining, of the National School of

Mines of Nancy, in 1978, a doctorate in Mining Engineering Science and Technology at Mines

ParisTech, in 1981, and a certificate in Management Training at Columbia University, in 1991.

His career began, in 1982, at the Office of Research and Mining Participation (BRPM). It first began

as a department head of mining studies, at the Studies and Valuation Division BRPM. She became

head of the department of Mining Studies and Head of the Investments Division. In 1994, she is




Director of Mines in the Ministry of Energy and Mines. Meanwhile, she is a director in the boards of

several mining companies, subsidiaries or partners ONHYM.

She became director of BRPM, in 1998, after putting up a new strategy for development of the mining

sector, while she held the office of Secretary of State for Development of the mining sector.

She is executive director of the National Research Agency and Oil Operations (ONAREP), since 20

August 2000. She is also the president of the Federation of the Mineral Industry (FDIM).

In 2013, it is one of “25 Most Powerful Women in Business in Africa” the Newspaper Jeune Afrique.




PCI-1 : New Aspects in Diagnostic, Therapy and Follow Up Care in Ovarian Cancer

Pr. Sehouli Jalid

University of Berlin, Germany

Pr. Jalid Sehouli

Biography

Name Professor Jalid Sehouli, M.D.

Birthday/ -place 1968, April 19th / Berlin

Nationality German, Moroccan

CurrentPositions Director of the Clinic of Gynecology, Charité Campus

Virchow Clinic, Berlin

Director of the Clinic of Gynecology, Charité Campus

Benjamin Franklin, Berlin

Head of the European Competence Center for Ovarian

Cancer (EKZE), Charité Campus Virchow Clinic, Berlin,

Head of the Interdisciplinary Center of Gynecolgical Cancer of the Charité

AcademicCareer 10/2014 Acceptance of Professorship for Gynecology for life at Charité

06/2013 Invitation for professorship of gynecology (ordinaries)to University of

11/2013 Hamburg/Eppendorf/ Germany University Medicine Berlin

10/2007 Professorship for Gynecology at Charité UniversityMedicine Berlin

01/2005 Habilitation (postdoctoral lecturer qualification) at theHumboldt-University with the

theme: “MultimodalManagement in Malignant Ovarian Tumors“

01/2005 Certification for student teaching: Gynecology and Obstetrics

09/1998 Doctoral thesis: Postoperative use unconventional cancer therapies in gynaecologic

oncology

Academic Education

04/1989 Study of human medicine at the Humboldt-UniversityBerlin

03/1991 Preliminary medical examination

03/1992 1. State examination



Professional Education

04/1988-04/1989Apprenticeship to nursery / University of Berlin, Charité,Campus Virchow-Klinikum

07/1995-01/1996 Medical doctor in practice

07/1995-09/1996 Hospital: Ernst von Bergmann-Klinikum Gynecology and ObstetricsDirector: Prof.

Dr. H. Hagen

10/1996-01/1997 University of Berlin, Charité Campus Virchow-Klinikum Gynecology and Obstetrics

Director: Prof. Dr. W. Lichtenegger




02/1997-09/1999 Medical doctor, scientific assistant, study coordinator ofdifferent phase-I, -II- and

phase-III trials on the field ofgynaecologic oncology

Since 10/1999 University of Berlin, Charité Campus Virchow-Klinikum

07/2002 Consultant for Gynecology and Obstetrics

02/2003 Attending, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics,Charité Campus Virchow-Klinikum

01/2004 Leading Attending, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Charité Campus Virchow-

Klinikum

09/2006 Certification of special training on GynecologicalOncology

07/2007 Professorship for Gynecology and position as

Deputy Director of the Department of GynecologyCharité, Campus Virchow-Klinikum

11/2007 Head of the European Competence Centre for OvarianCancer, Charité Campus Virchow-

Klinikum, Berlin

Since 04/2011 Director of the Department of Gynecology, CharitéCampus Virchow-Klinikum

10/2013 Official Offer of a professorship at University Eppendorf,Hamburg

Since 12/2013 Director of the Department of Gynecology, Charité Campus Benjamin Franklin

10/2014 Acceptance of a lifetime professorship, Charité –University Medicine Berlin

Reproductive Medicine Research Trials:

Director of studies of different phase I, II and II trials concerning targeted therapies

Publications:

More than 350 international publications in professional journals

Editor and author of more than 50 book or book chaprters

PCI-2 : Pharmacogenomics Applications in Neurophyschyatric Diseases

Pr. Konuk Muhsin

Institute of Science and Technology, University of Yardmcılığı, İstanbul, Turkey

Pr. Muhsin Konuk

Biography

He was born, in 1964, in Emirdag. Primary and secondary education completed at Ataturk primary

school and in Vaishali Vaishali. He graduated from Selcuk University, in 1984, and worked for a year

as a biology teacher in a private educational institution.

In 1985, he became a research assistant in the Department of Biology of the Faculty of education at

Selcuk University. In 1998, he completed his Master. State Scholarships, in the UK (University of

Wales, Swansea), was commissioned to do a PhD. He received his Ph.D. in Molecular Biochemistry

field, in 1994, by completing Selçuk University, in GATA Research Center. Among 1995-1996, he

completed his military service, as a reserve officer in the same year and received the title of Professor.




In 2002, at Afyon Kocatepe University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Department of biology, he was

appointed Professor of the Department of molecular biology. In the same year, he was BATTERY

vocational high Schools’s Coordinator.

Biology Department Chairman and Dean of the Faculty of Arts and Sciences, he was appointed. In the

meantime, with a short period of time the BATTERY has performed the Coordinator of international

relations. At the University was established by the Commission and the Assembly tasks a lot.

He is currently Director of the Institute of Science and Technology, at the University of Yardmcılığı,

Rector of Üsküdar, Deputy Director of the Institute of Social Sciences, Faculty of Engineering and

Natural Sciences Molecular Biology Department.

CTI-1 : Epidemiology and Clinical Trials in Public Health

Pr. Nejjari C.

Université Mohammd VI des Sciences de la Santé, Casablanca, Maroc

Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Fès, Maroc

Pr. Chakib Nejjari

Biography

Professeur de l’enseignement supérieur, Département d’Epidémiologie et Santé Publique, Faculté de

Médecine et de Pharmacie de Fès. Titulaire d’un doctorat en Médecine et d’un doctorat en sciences

d’épidémiologie et de santé publique, à l’Université Bordeaux Segalen, Bordeaux, France. Ancien

chercheur, dans une unité INSERM, à Bordeaux, en France, puis, enseignant chercheur à la Faculté de

Médecine et de Pharmacie de Casablanca, il a lancé à la jeune Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie de

Fès le Département d’Epidémiologie et Santé Publique, réunissant une équipe dynamique et formée à

cette discipline. Pr. Nejjari s’est toujours intéressé à l’interaction entre l’environnement et la santé,

dans leurs aspects globaux et les stratégies de lutte contre les nuisances environnementales. Directeur

du laboratoire d’Epidémiologie et de Recherche Clinique, il est chef du département des Sciences

fondamentales et médecin chef du centre de diagnostic, au sein du centre hospitalier Hassan II à Fès. Il

a été membre du Conseil de l’Université Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah et des conseils académique et

scientifique de cette Université.

Il est membre de plusieurs sociétés savantes nationales et internationales. Il est expert de plusieurs

organisations gouvernementales ou non gouvernementales, nationales ou internationales, notamment,

le ministère de la santé, l’organisation mondiale de la santé et l’union internationale de lutte contre la

tuberculose et les maladies respiratoires. Il a organisé ou contribué à l’organisation de plusieurs

rencontres ayant trait à l’environnement et à la santé.

Il a contribué à de nombreux travaux de recherche en Epidémiologie et Santé Publique, tant au niveau

national qu’international. Il est actuellement associé à des programmes de recherche internationaux. Il

a reçu un certain nombre de distinctions, notamment, la Médaille d'Honneur du “Comité National




contre les Maladies Respiratoires et la Tuberculose” (Paris, 1995), le Prix « COLUMBUS Prévention

Médicale » (Paris, 1997) et le Prix Emile-Aubertin de l’Association Bordelaise et Régionale pour

l'Avancement et la Diffusion des Sciences Médicales” (Bordeaux, 1994). Il a été aussi membre de

l’équipe ayant reçu le prix Hassan II, pour l’étude Casa Airpol dirigée par le Pr. M. Bartal.

PCI-2 : Viral Carcinogenesis : Etiopathology of Human Gynecologic Cancers Breast,

Cervical and Ovarian

Pr. Ennaji M.M.

Laboratory of Virology, Microbiology, Quality and Biotechnologies and Eco-toxicology and

Biodiversity, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, Mohammedia, Maroc

Team of Virology, Cancerology, Quality and Medical Biotechnologies, Faculty of Sciences

and Techniques, Mohammedia, Maroc

Pr. Moulay Mustapha Ennaji

Biography

Pr. Moulay Mustapha Ennaji is a Moroccan citizen native of Marrakesh (Morocco). He is a scientist

specialized in the fields of Virology, Hygiene and Microbiology. He got a Master of Science, in 1986,

and, a PhD, in Virology, in 1993, at Armand Frappier institute, University of Quebec (Canada).

Between 1991 and 1993, he completed a post doctorate, at the Canadian Red Cross. From 1993 to

1995, he was Research Associate (RA) and, from 1995 to 1996, a Research Officer (RO), at the

National Council of Research of Canada (CNRC). He was also a visiting researcher, at the University

of California, Irvine, in the US and abroad Lecturer, at the Histochemistry Institutes of Paris (France).

He was a guest researcher of the Franklin Foundation, in USA, NIH Bethesda.

He was recruited, in 1996, to the Faculty of Sciences and Techniques Mohammedia (FSTM), falling

under Hassan II University of Casablanca (UH2C), as a lecturer and enabled Professor where he was

the head of the biology department, from 1997 to 2000. He is currently Professor of Higher Education

(PES), in the same Faculty. As he is a scientist who is concerned by the research development, he

gives numerous conferences and lectures, in Virology, Cancerology, Hygiene and Microbiology, since

1986, at many Moroccan, Canadian and American universities.

Between 2005 and 2010, he was appointed Director of Virology, Hygiene and Microbiology, and

coordonator of the consortium of Biomedical and Environmental Sciences laboratories, at UH2C-

FSTM. Since 2010 to present, he is Director of the Laboratory of Virology, Microbiology, Quality and

Biotechnology, Eco-toxicology and Biodiversity, Leader of Virology Oncology and Medical

Biotechnology Team and deputy director of the Research Centre of Natural Resources and Food

(rensa) of UH2C. He was also responsible for the Master programs in Biotechnology and Biomedical

Technologies (2000-2003), DESA of Microbiology and Bioengineering (2005 to 2010) and Master of

Science and Technology (MST Microbiology, Applied Virology and Bio-industry Engineering and




MST of Livings (Immuno-Virology and Applied Microbiology), from 2010 to 2015. He is a member

of the Council of the Center of Doctoral Studies (CEDoc), at FSTM-UH2C, since 2008. Between 2005

and 2010, he was deputy head of the UFR DESA Biomedical Sciences and from 2000 to 2005 deputy

leaders of the UFR PhD, in Health and Environment. Since 2005 to present, he is Deputy Head of Life

and Environment Sciences Doctoral UFR. From 2010 to 2015, he was national expert at CNRST and

member of the National Commission for scholarships. Previously, from 2012 to 2014, he was also a

UNESCO expert on governance reform of university systems.

Throughout his career, he was rewarded with 24 awards. He has organized numerous national and

international meetings in the fields of virology, microbiology and hygiene. To date, he is Vice

President of the Moroccan Association of Biosafety and Microbiology To date, he is Vice President

of the Moroccan Association of Biosafety and Microbiology.

Abstract

Cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide and about 70% of all cancer deaths are reported and

occurred in low and middle income countries. Gynecological cancers account for 19 % of cancers

worldwide. In Africa, the most common cancers, in women, are breast and cervical cancer. The cancer

mortality pattern is quite different, in Africa, compared to other parts of the world. This may be

explained by the difference in the climate, diet, genetic factors and so on. Cancers causing viral

infections such as HBV/HCV, EBV and HPV are responsible for up to 20% of cancer deaths in low

and middle income countries.

In Morocco, breast and gynecological cancers are a real national public health problem. Annually,

Morocco recorded nearly 30,000 new cases of cancer. However, gynecological cancers (breast,

cervical and ovarian) represent 60 % of all women's cancers, in Morocco, and 50% of women treated,

in 2011, at the National Institute of Oncology, in Rabat, Morocco.

The development of new technologies, including molecular tools allow the biology, to ensure an

important role in cancer research. Today, the knowledge produced by basic research, in Molecular

Biology, bioinformatics sequencing and phylogeny contribute greatly, in diagnostics, therapeutics and

prognostics of these cancers. Whether molecular signatures allowing typing of cancers, cellular or

extracellular biomarkers for the diagnosis and monitoring or targeted molecules characterization of

viral etiology, transfers between biology and clinic, are currently the most studied.

Consequently, researches attempting to identify the real causes or origins of breast and gynecological

cancers are manifold including viral etiology which involve principally the HPV (Human Papilloma

Virus), EBV, MMTV, HBV. Etiology as viral risk factor is often reported in these cancers.

Furthermore, the study of the p53 protein which is a tumor suppressor factor, acting as a negative

regulator of cell growth by inducing cell cycle arrest or apoptosis and can be regarded as a marker for

predicting evolution in tumors.

It is in this context that our team conducted several studies based on molecular identification of these

cancers, using specific techniques (conventional PCR, real time PCR, genome sequencing and

phylogeny) and studied of epigenetic and epidemiology of breast and gynecological cancers, among

the African population (the case of Gabon, Mali and Congo) and, in particular, the Moroccan

population. Besides, most of these studies focused on the determination of phylogeny, strains in

circulation in these countries and viral etiology using specific primers for each virus which

demonstrated an involvement, in these cancers.

The diagnosis is often made in the later stages and, consequently, poor prognosis, prevention of breast

and gynecological cancers should be strengthened in Africa and Morocco. Thus allowing further

developing preventive strategies, establishing a better prognosis and appropriate therapeutic

monitoring for patients.




Finally, breast and gynecological cancers, in Africa and Morocco, are a scourge whose characteristics

remain unclear.

Keywords : Africa, breast and gynecological cancers, molecular characterization, diagnosis,

prevention

The 3rd Edition of International Congress: Microbial Biotechnology for Development 10

Plenary lectures: Theme II


TCII-1 : Avian Adenoviral Infections and an Update on Their Re-Emergence in

Morocco

Pr. Kichou F.

Department of Veterinary Pathology and Public Health, Hassan 2nd Institute of Agronomy

and Veterinary Medicine, Rabat, Morocco

Pr.Kichou Faouzi

Biography

Nom : Kichou - Prénom : Faouzi

Date et lieu de naissance : 16 Fevrier 1959 à Oujda.

Nationalité : marocaine - Statut marital : marié & 3 enfants.

Adresse professionnelle : Dépt. Pathologie & Santé Publique Vétérinaire, IAV

Hassan II BP 6202, Rabat. E-Mail : [email protected] –

- Tél (GSM) 212 661372357;

DIPLOMES UNIVERSITAIRES Doctorat en Médecine Vétérinaire, 1984 Institut Agronomique et Vétérinaire Hassan II

Doctorat d'Etat Es Sciences Vétérinaires, - Institut Agronomique et Vétérinaire Hassan II/ College of

Veterinary Medicine, Université du Minnesota, USA (Veterinary pathology), 1992.

ACTIVITES ACADEMIQUES

Professeur de l'Enseignement Supérieur (PES C) à l’Unité d'Histologie et Anatomie Pathologique,

Département de Pathologie et de Santé Publique Vétérinaires à l'Institut Agronomique et Vétérinaire

Hassan II. Date de recrutement: 01/1985 - 1985-1992 : maître assistant - 1992-1996 : maître de

conférence - 1996-2001 : Professeur de l’enseignement supérieur (PES) A - PES B 2001-2007- PES C

depuis 2007.

Enseignement théorique et pratique :

Anatomie pathologique spéciale pour les étudiants de 5ème année vétérinaire

Cancérologie Générale pour les étudiants de 3ème année vétérinaire

Travaux pratiques : Cliniques d’anatomie pathologique 5ème & 6ème années vétérinaire

Encadrement de travaux de thèse (DMV) et de recherche

ACTIVITES PROFESSIONNELLES

1. Autopsies et diagnostic nécropsique chez les animaux domestiques et sauvages.

2. Diagnostic histopathologique, hématologique et cytologique des maladies animales.

3. Participation à de nombreuses commissions d'expertise en cas d'émergence de problèmes de santé

animale à l'échelle nationale.




RESPONSABILITES ACADEMIQUES ET PROFESSIONNELLES

Membre de l'Association Nationale des vétérinaires du Maroc & de l'Association Nationale des

Productions Animales depuis 1986.

Membre du bureau de l'Association Nationale de Pathologie Aviaire depuis 2003.

Secrétaire Général du Conseil National de l'Ordre National des Vétérinaires du Maroc 2001-2005.

Président de l'Association des Vétérinaires Enseignants-Chercheurs du Maroc depuis 2006.

Chef de département de Pathologie et Santé Publique Vétérinaire, IAV Hassan II, 2007-2010.

Directeur de la Formation en Médecine Vétérinaire, IAV Hassan II 2010–2014.

Membre, Trésorier et Vice-président du comité exécutif du Réseau des Etablissements d’enseignement

Vétérinaire en Méditerranée (REEV-Med) 2012-2016.

PUBLICATIONS, RAPPORTS ET PRESENTATIONS

- Publications dans revues nationales et internationales : 50

- Rapports & manuels : 11

- Présentations dans des manifestations scientifiques et techniques nationales et internationales: 59

Abstract

Adenoviruses are non enveloped, icosahedral, double-stranded DNA viruses belonging to the family

of Adenoviridae. Their size is approximately 65 nm and they make up five genera namely

Mastadenovirus, Ichtadenovirus, Atadenovirus, Siadenovirus, and Aviadenovirus. Within the genus

Siadenovirus are hemorrhagic enteritis virus of turkeys and marble spleen disease virus of pheasants

and egg drop syndrome virus of chickens represents Atadenovirus genus. These 2 genera constitute the

best known adenoviruses affecting poultry. The genus Aviadenovirus is subdivided into five species

(A–E) with 12 serotypes named fowl adenoviruses (FAdV) FAdV 1 to FAdV 8a and FAdV 8b to

FAdV 11. The major structural proteins of fowl adenoviruses are the hexon and two fibres linked to a

penton base which bear type-, group and subgroup-specific determinants. FAdVs can be transmitted

either horizontally or vertically and are the cause of inclusion body hepatitis and hepatitis-

hydropericardium syndrome as well as gizzard erosions (FAdVs 1, and 8) of chickens and hepatitis in

pigeons (PiFAdV1) and ducks (DAdV 1 & 2). In Morocco, the most known adenoviral infection

occurring in poultry is hemorrhagic enteritis virus of turkeys. It has been identified for the first time in

the country during the epizootic of 2009-2010 and was associated with heavy losses among turkeys

and since then vaccination has been implemented in controlling the disease. In chickens, IBH was

diagnosed for the first time in the eighties of the last century among broilers. An epidemio-

pathologiccal study conducted in 1994-1995 showed no prevalence of the disease during that period in

the country. Since that time no cases were reported until December 2012, when severe and unusual

outbreaks of inclusion body hepatitis (IBH) occurred among chicken flocks. After that re-emergence,

several other cases associated with high mortality occurred among broilers and breeders. A

retrospective and prospective study showed that among a total set of 26 case assessions suspected of

IBH and submitted for histopathological examination from 2012-2015, 18 were confirmed positive

with 7 cases during the only year of 2015. However, the extent of the disease and its pathological

factors involved are unknown. In addition, viruses involved in occurring cases are not fully identified

nor characterized, and it is not known whether the disease appears as a primary or secondary process

to infections or immune-suppressed state. Moreover, several cases of proventriculus and gizzard

erosion syndrome were diagnosed among young chickens and turkeys from 2010-2012 but could not

be linked to adenovirus infection according to the solely gross and microscopic investigation results.

TCII-2 : Antitumor Potential of Natural Substances and Their Role in the Boosting of

Immune System : Cellular and Molecular Analysis

Pr. Zyad A.

Laboratory of Biological Engineering, Team of Natural Substances, Cellular and Molecular

Immuno-pharmacology, Immunobiology of Cancer Cells, Sultan Moulay Slimane University,

Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Béni-Mellal, Morocco




Biography

Pr. Abdelmajid Zyad

Abdelmajid Zyad is a professor of higher education and former Vice Dean of the Faculty of Sciences

and Techniques Beni Mellal (Morocco), in charge of scientific research, cooperation and continuous

training. He got the PhD degree from the University of Paris XI (1994) and the Gustave Roussy

Institute in Villejuif-France (Immunology and biology of tumors & Molecular Biology). He got a post-

doc position, in allergy-immunology and infectious diseases department at the Children's Hospital of

Philadelphia (CHOP) University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (USA) (1994-1996). He also held a

Doctorate from the Cadi Ayyad University Marrakech (1998) (Immunology and Molecular Biology).

He is a head of the immunobiology of tumor cells, molecular and cellular immuno-pharmacology team

(FST Beni Mellal) (1999-present). In addition, he is responsible for doctoral formation "Natural

Resources, Environment and Health", within the Graduate Studies Center "Science and Technology"

(2008-present). He is also responsible of the master “health and environment” since its accreditation,

in 2014. Supervisor of many national doctoral theses, masters and graduation projects of

undergraduates. Author of numerous international and national publications. Furthermore, he is also

responsible for teaching immunology and molecular biology, at the FST Beni Mellal (1996-present)

and Molecular Biology at the Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy Marrakech (2002-2009). Member of

numerous scientific associations at national and international level and president of the Association

“La Source” to fight cancer in the Beni Mellal-Khénifra region.

Abstract

Interest, in medicinal plants, has burgeoned due to increased efficiency of new plant-derived drugs and

the growing interest, in natural products. Because of the side effects of conventional medicine, the use

of natural products, in the treatment of various diseases, has been on the rise, in the last few decades.

A large number of these products have shown beneficial therapeutic effects, including anti-cancer,

anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, anti-microbial and immunomodulatory effects.

Our laboratory is interested, in the research of new natural molecules, with anti-cancer and/or

immunomodulatory properties. In this work, different natural sources have been used : Nigella sativa

species (Ranunculaceae), Thymus broussonnettii species (Lamiaceae), Artemisia herba alba, Artemisia

annua and propolis. Different extracts were obtained from these sources. The essential oil, obtained by

hydrodistillation and the various extracts, obtained by different methods including Soxhlet extraction,

using solvents of varying polarity, were analysed by gas chromatography coupled to mass

spectrometry (GC-MS) and by HPLC-MS. These extracts include biological active molecules

belonging essentially to polyphenols, terpenoids, flavonoids and alkaloids. We tested the cytotoxic

activity of these extracts as well as some purified molecules against a panel of animal and human

tumor cell lines, including the murine mastocytoma (P815), kidney adenocarcinoma of hamster (BSR),

human breast adenocarcinoma (MCF7), human laryngeal carcinoma (Hep), human ovarian

adenocarcinoma (IGR-OV1) and its chemo resistant counterparts OV1/adriamycin (OV1/ADR),

OV1/vincristine (OV1/VCR) and OV1/cisplatin (OV1/CDDP).

Our results show differential effects of these extracts and purified components against each target cell

line. Some of these products induce apoptosis as revealed by DNA degradation and flux cytometry




assays. Furthermore, while some molecules were able to induce a cell cycle arrest, in GO/G1 phase,

others induced the arrest at the S phase. Interestingly, when these products were tested against normal

human PBMC, number of them induce a very small cytotoxic activity and in some cases, a

proliferative effect was observed.

Using the DBA-2/P815 (H2d) mouse model, tumors were developed by subcutaneous grafting of tumor

fragments of similar size obtained from P815 (murinmastocytoma cell line) injected in donor mouse.

Interestingly, intratumoralinjection or oral administration of some products significantly reduced solid

tumor development, inhibited the incidence of livermetastasis development and improved mouse

survival. On the other hand, some extracts and purified molecules have been tested for their effect on

the innate immunity (PBMC proliferation and nitric oxide production by macrophages) alone or in

association with mitogens (PHA, CONA). We show that only the essential oil of Thymus broussonettii

and carvacrol were able to induce a significant proliferation. In addition, the antigenotoxicity of these

extracts was studied using the micronucleus test on mouse bone marrow cells. We demonstrate here

that the oral administration of the ethanolic extract of propolis significantly inhibited the genotoxic

effect of vinristine injected to DBA2 mice and enhance the lymphocyte account in these mice.

Other results will be presented regarding the effect of these extracts or purified molecules on

apoptosis, angiogenesis, adhesion to vascular endothelium, metastasis.

Keywords : Thyme, Nigella sativa, propolis, chemical composition, extracts, purified molecules,

antitumor activity, apoptosis, cell cycle, genotoxicity, PBMC, immunomodulation, metastasis,

angiogenesis


Plenary lectures: Theme III


PCIII-1 : Biotechnologies et Énergies Renouvelables

Dr. Bellamine Majid

Max Planck Institut für Physik, Hambourg, Germany

TCIII-1 : Streptomycetes as Drivers of Nutrient Turnover and Organismic Interactions

Dr. Mika Tarkka

Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Department of Soil Ecology, UFZ, Halle,

Germany

Biography

Pr. Mika Tarkka, Senior Scientist

M. Tarkka is a senior scientist, in the Department of Soil Ecology, at the Helmholtz Center for

Environmental Research-UFZ, in Halle, Germany. He completed his M.Sc. in plant physiology, at the

University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland and pursued his Ph.D. with Marjatta Raudaskoski, at the

University of Helsinki, with the topic plant and fungal development in mycorrhizal symbiosis. As a

postdoctoral fellow and research associate with Ruediger Hampp, at the University of Tuebingen,

Germany, he investigated how streptomycetes impact mycorrhizal symbiosis formation and affect

plant disease resistance. Dr. Tarkka assumed his current position, at the UFZ Halle, in 2007, and his

research focuses on plant-microbe and fungus-bacterium interactions, in particular, on the molecular

mechanisms by which streptomycetes, plants and fungi interact with each other and on the functional

properties of streptomycetes communities related to disease suppression and carbon turnover.

Abstract

Streptomycetes are ubiquitous soil dwelling microorganisms which confer the characteristic earthy

smell of the soil. They have a mycelial lifestyle and undergo complex morphological differentiation.

More than 500 species of the genus Streptomyces have been described and strains have been isolated

from very different environments, with numerous isolates from dry soils. The success of these

filamentous bacteria, in terrestrial environments, is attributed to their ability to produce extracellular

hydrolytic enzymes, to gain nutrition from organic matter. Apart from this, the Streptomyces species

may also play an important role, in mineral weathering. These bacteria also produce mixtures of

antimicrobial compounds, allowing them so to defend their substrates. Of the scores of soil-borne

microorganisms, streptomycetes have been reported to be most prolific producers of a variety of

clinically important biochemicals.

Recently, a new picture has begun to emerge in which the role of some of Streptomyces secondary

metabolites has been associated to interactions with eukaryotes. These studies suggest that part of the

the metabolites are generated to achieve symbiotic relationships with plants, fungi and animals.




Parasitic interactions, in plants, are expressed by scab-causing streptomycetes and actinomycetoma

causing strains cause severe and debilitating deep tissue and bone infections in humans. In most cases

the interactions with streptomycetes are, however, beneficial and growth promoting, as is the case with

many insects, plants and marine animals that use streptomycete-produced antibiotics to protect

themselves against infections. But some interactions are more complex.

For instance, the plant beneficial bacterium Streptomyces sp. AcH 505 stimulates the formation of

mycorrhizal symbiosis, between beneficial fungi and forest trees, but reduces damage by

phytopathogens including pathogenic fungi and nematodes. The impact of streptomycetes on fungi is

related to their secondary metabolite production and AcH 505 can modulate microbial communities,

by producing both antibiotics and fungus growth promoting substances. It also affects plant gene

expression. Plant disease resistance genes are induced upon AcH 505 inoculation, but this response is

attenuated when a mycorrhizal fungus is co-inoculated. In contrast, plant defense gene expression is

further enhanced upon the challenge with powdery mildew infection which is the central element, in

systemic protection of plants, by all root associated bacteria.

In conclusion, Streptomyces research is an exciting and emerging field that will become increasingly

important, as the search for new antibiotics switches to unusual and under-explored environments and

novel biologically active microorganisms are searched for medicinal and agricultural purposes.

TCIII-2 : Stable Isotope Probing of Carbon Flow in the lant holobiont

Haichar F.Z., Bressan M., Berge O., Heulin T., Achouak W.

Laboratory of Microbial Ecology of the Rhizosphere and Extreme Environments (LEMIRE),

Aix-Marseille University, CEA, CNRS, UMR 7265. Biosciences and biotechnology Institute

of Aix-Marseille, CEA/Cadarache, St-Paul-lez-Durance, France

Biography

Dr. Wafa Achouak

2004 – present Lab Leader, Laboratory of Microbial Ecology of the Rhizosphere and Extreme

environmnets.

2012 – present research director at CNRS.

2002 : HDR University of Luminy Marseille, France(Life science)

1994 : Senior Research Scientist, CNRS.

1994 : Postdoctoral Scientist, USDA Beltsville US.

1993 : PhD University Nancy I France

1985 : Master University HassanII Casablanca Morocco

We study the molecular basis of plant-bacteria interaction in the rhizosphere and aim to decipher how

plant select microbiota from soil and what make certain bacterial populations more adapted to the

rhizosphere of certain plant species.

Author of 82 publications, 3 patents and 16 book chapters. Hindex 27

Associate Editor for Microbiology 2009-2015




Senior Editor for Microbiology 2015-

Member of the Scientific committee of the French National program “Coastal and Continental

Ecosphere (EC2CO)” sub-program: Hydro-biochemical cycle, transfer and ecotoxicological impact

(CYTRIX) since 2006

Memberof the Scientific committee “French National program Coastal and Continental Ecosphere

(EC2CO)” sub-program: Environmental Microbiology (µBien) 2006-2014

Memberof the Steering committee and Scientific committee “Fédération de recherche” ECCOREV

Memberof the Scientific committee “Colloque Rencontres Plantes-bactéries”, Aussois, since 2006

Membre de l'instance scientifique ou administrative de CSS BIHASC INRA. since 2012

Member of the evaluation committee ANR SVSE7 2010-2012

Vice president of the evaluation committee ANR SVSE7 2013

Member of recruitment selection board of Lecturer (University Lyon I, 2012)

Expert for the evaluation of research grant from FRB, Ministère de l’enseignement sup et de la

Recherche, Région Bretagne, Fondation Internationale pour la Science (FIS), Technology Foundation

STW OTP research proposals (NL), Programme Génome Québec Canada, Cefipra (Indo-French

Centre for the Promotion of Advanced Research)

Abstract

In natural conditions, healthy plants host a remarkable assemblage of structurally and functionally

diverse microbiota, which has recently emerged as a novel trait participating in the ability of plants to

adapt to their environment. The structure and function of active microbial communities that assimilate

root exudates can be tracked by using stable isotope probing (SIP) approaches.

To determine the role of plant species and genotype in shaping microbial communities structure, we

performed DNA-based SIP approach (DNA-SIP) by growing different plant species and different plant

genotypes separately in the same soil, under 13CO2 continuous-labelling. We also developed mRNA-SIP

approach to determine the impact of plant via root exudates on the expression of certain

phytobeneficial genes.

The application of continuous 13 CO2-labelling of plants revealed the indirect role of root exudates in the

activation of bacterial communities implicated in soil organic matter (SOM) degradation highlighting

the importance of the priming effect and the identification of root exudates assimilating bacteria. This

allows us to formulate hypotheses on the relative contributions of different groups of microbes to

rhizosphere functioning. Additionally, using mRNA-SIP technique to investigate gene expression

shows great promise for understanding the impact of the plant via roots exudation in controlling

bacterial gene expression. While, the non-coding RNAs rsmZ, acdS gene encoding ACC deaminase

and nosZ gene encoding nitrous oxide reductase were expressed by bacteria inhabiting roots and by

those that derive nutrients from the breakdown of organic matter in soils or from root exudates, the

expression of phlD gene involved in 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol (DAPG) production was completely

shut down in the root compartment, probably to preclude the deleterious effect of DAPG.

References

haichar f. el z.,heulin t., guyonnet j.p., achouak w. (2016) Stable Isotope Probing of Carbon Flow in

the Plant Holobiont. Current Opinion in Biotechnology, 41, 9–13.

Haichar F.Z., Fochesato S. and Achouak W. (2013) Host Plant Specific Control of 2,4-

Diacetylphloroglucinol Production in the Rhizosphere. Agronomy. 3(4), 621-631.

Haichar F.Z., Roncato M.A., Achouak W. (2012) Stable isotope probing of bacterial community

structure and gene expression in the rhizosphere of Arabidopsis thaliana FEMS Microbiol Ecol81:291-

302.




Bressan M., Roncato M.A., Bellvert F., Comte G., Haichar F.Z., Achouak W., Berge O. (2009)

Exogenous glucosinolate produced by Arabidopsis thaliana has an impact on microbes in the

rhizosphere and plant roots. ISME J 3:1243-57.

Haichar F.Z., Marol C., Berge O., Rangel-Castro J.I., Prosser J.I., Balesdent J., Heulin T., Achouak W.

(2008) Plant host habitat and root exudates shape soil bacterial community structure. ISME J. 2:1221-

30.

TCIII.3 : Outils Moléculaire de Dernière Génération en Biotechnologies

Pr. Ibrahimi A.

Faculté de Médecine de Rabat, Maroc

Biography

Prof.Dr. Azeddine Ibrahimi

Pr. Ibrahimi completed his PhD in Molecular Biology from the Nice-Sophia Antipolis University

(France) in 1992. He then joined the Stony Brook Medical School (Stony Brook University, NY,

USA) as a Research Associate and promoted to Assistant Professor in 1999. In 2003, he was appointed

to the University Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdellah (Fès, Morocco) and as an as adjunct professor to Al

Akhawayn University (Ifrane, Morocco). In 2010, he joined the Rabat Medical & Pharmacy School

where he founded and headed the First Moroccan Medical Biotechnology laboratory at the University

Mohammed the Vth in Rabat.

Pr Ibrahimi has been very active in teaching medical biotechnology & genomics in recent years and

coordinating the Master program of Medical Biotechnology & Bioinformatics. He has been, also, very

active as a researcher as he authored and co-authored several peer reviewed articles and book chapters

in different international journals.

PCIII-2 : Evaluation du Danger Viral dans l’Environnement et les Aliments - The

Public Health Hazard of Foodborneviruses

Dr. Gantzer Christophe

Laboratoire de Chimie Physique et Microbiologie pour l’Environnement, UMR 7564, CNRS,

Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France

Biography




Pr. Gantzer Christophe

Christophe Gantzer a fait des études de Biochimie à Strasbourg (France). Dès 1991, il s’intéresse à la

virologie du milieu hydrique, lors de son Diplôme Études Approfondies et de sa thèse d’Université, à

Nancy. Il obtient son doctorat, en 1996, avec le Prix de la meilleure thèse d’Université de la Faculté de

Pharmacie. Après plusieurs expériences post-doctorales, en France, et, en Israël, dans le domaine de la

microbiologie environnementale, il est recruté, à l’Université de Lorraine, en 1999, comme Maître de

Conférences, puis, il est nommé Professeur, en 2007, avec comme objectif de recherche principale les

virus pathogènes du milieu hydrique. C’est, en 2008, qu’il devient responsable d’une équipe de

Microbiologie Environnementale, et, il est, actuellement, directeur adjoint du Laboratoire de Chimie

Physique et Microbiologie pour l’Environnement (LCPME). Ce laboratoire est une unité mixte de

recherche entre l’Université de Lorraine et le CNRS qui regroupe environ 70 personnes (UMR 7564).

La thématique du laboratoire concerne les réactions aux interfaces dont celles des microorganismes.

C’est ainsi qu’il s’intéresse aux mécanismes d’adhésion-agrégation, aux mécanismes d’inactivation et

aux méthodes de détection des virus entériques dans l’environnement.

Professeur Gantzer a dirigé 10 étudiants en thèse d’Université. Il a produit près de 70 publications

internationales, dans le domaine de la virologie de l’environnement, a participé à la rédaction de 5

ouvrages de virologie, a réalisé plus de 50 communications et a été invité à faire 35 conférences, dans

le monde entier (Brésil, Japon, nombreux pays européens). Il a participé à plus d’une dizaine de

contrats de recherche publics (Contrats Européens, Agence Nationale de Recherche Française ou

Luxembourgeoise) ou privés (industriels du domaine de l’eau). Entre 2006 et 2010, il a coordonné un

groupe de travail concernant l’inactivation des virus dans l’environnement et au cours des traitements

regroupant 17 pays européens, dans le cadre d’un contrat européen de coopération scientifique et

technologique (COST 929 : Environmental and Food Virology). Plus récemment, Pr Gantzer a créé

une Unité Mixte Technologique (UMT ViroControl), en collaboration avec un industriel (Actalia).

Cette UMT vise à mieux appréhender le risque virologique dans les matrices environnementales et

alimentaires.

Il enseigne la microbiologie à la Faculté de Pharmacie de Nancy et dans d’autres Facultés de

l’Université de Lorraine. Il a participé à la création d’un nouveau Master de Microbiologie à

l’Université de Lorraine, en 2009. Il est membre élu de nombreuses instances de l’Université (Pôle de

Recherche, Collegium Santé pour l’enseignement) et de la Faculté de Pharmacie (Conseil de Faculté,

Président de la Commission recherche 2010-2015, Président de la Commission en charge des postes,

depuis 2016).

Abstract

Depuis la démonstration d’une transmission féco-orale du Poliovirus, au début du siècle dernier, les

scientifiques n’ont eu de cesse de tenter de limiter le danger viral lié à l’eau et aux aliments.

Aujourd’hui, les virus ciblés, les méthodes de détection disponibles et les traitements appliqués ont

beaucoup évolués, mais, l’objectif est toujours de maîtriser la pollution virale.




Les premiers virus ciblés étaient donc les Enterovirus dont le Poliovirus, mais, aujourd’hui ce sont,

plus particulièrement, les Norovirus et le virus de l’hépatite A qui sont les plus impliqués dans des

épidémies virales d’origine hydrique ou alimentaire. Ils sont responsables, respectivement, de gastro-

entérites et d’hépatites virales. D’autres virus entériques doivent rester sous surveillance, car ils ont le

même mode de transmission (e.g. Rotavirus, Adenovirus, Astrovirus) ou sont considérés comme

émergents (e.g. virus de l’hépatite E). Mis à part les Rotavirus et les Adenovirus, leur structure est très

similaire, avec un génome constitué d’ARN et une capside de nature protéique de 20-30 nm. L’objectif

constite donc à évaluer le comportement et la survie de ces particules dans l’environnement, mais,

aussi à les détecter dans des matrices complexes.

Les indicateurs bactériens de pollution fécale ont été utilisés, depuis plus d’un siècle, pour évaluer le

danger viral. Ils ont permis de limiter très largement la transmission des virus entériques via

l’environnement et les aliments. Mais, force est de constater qu’ils ont des limites en tant qu’indicateur

de pollution virale. Il convient donc de mieux préciser ce type de pollution, soit par la recherche

directe des virus pathogènes, grâce aux techniques moléculaires, soit par l’utilisation d’autres

indicateurs de pollution fécale de nature virale (i.e. bactériophages fécaux).

L’approche universelle n’existe pas, c’est, uniquement, par une bonne connaissance des avantages et

des inconvénients de chacune que le danger viral pourra, à l’avenir, être encore mieux maîtrisé.

PCIII-3 : Bacteriophages as Indicators of Pathogenic Viruses in the Water Environment

Pr. Jofre Torroella Juan

Department of Microbiology, School of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain

Pr. Juan Jofre

Biography

Born in Girona (Spain), 1947. Married and father of two

Education : B.Sc., 1971 (University of Barcelona); Ph.D., 1974 (University of Barcelona).

Postdoctoral fellow (Fulbright grant) at Baylor College of Medicine in Houston, Texas (1975-1977).

Appointments : Assistant professor at the UB (1977-1978) ; Associate Professor at the Universidad

Complutense de Madrid (1978-1979) ; Associate Professor (1979-1981) and Full Professor (1981-

1982), at the Universitat de les Illes Balears. Full professor, at the University of Barcelona (since 1982

; now Professor Emeritus).

Vice-Dean at the School of Biology of the UB (1983-1986).

Vice-rector of Research at the University of Barcelona (1986-1990).




Chairman of WG11 (bacteriophages) of the Technical Committee SC4 (water) of the International

Standardization Organization.

Chairman of the Health Related Water Microbiology Group of the International Water Association

(2000-2004).

Main fields of research. Health related water microbiology, mainly aspects related to viruses and

viral indicators. Significance of bacteriophages, in the horizontal transmission of virulence factors and

genes of resistance to antibiotics in the environment.

Publications : More than 200 peer-reviewed articles ; 195 of them appear in the Citation Index (ISI-

Web of Knowledge), with a total of 5360 citations and anh index of 44.

Awards and honors : Narcís Monturiol Medal to the Scientific Excellence (1998, Generalitat de

Catalunya); Fellow of the American Academy of Microbiology (2001) ; Fellow of the Institut

d’Estudis Catalans (2007) ; Fellow (at present General Secretary) of the Royal Academy of Sciences

and Arts of Barcelona.

Abstract

Bacteriophages infecting enteric bacteria have been extensively studied as potential indicators of fecal

as well as viral indicators, in water environments. As viruses, in terms of composition, structure,

morphology and capsid size, they share many properties with human viruses. Once outside the gut

they mimic viruses much better than the present bacterial fecal indicators do.

Bacteriophages viewed as indicators are grouped and named according to the host strain used to detect

them. Among the more studied, we found coliphages and bacteriophages infecting Bacteroides.

Bacteriophages infecting some strains of Bacteroideshave value, because they are able to directly

discern the source of the fecal contamination. But, the need of anaerobiosis usually discourage people

using them as indicators and their use is now restricted to microbial source tracking. Coliphages or

phages infecting Escherichia coli are nowadays more widely used. Two types of coliphages have been

studied. Somatic coliphages that infect E. coli through the cell wall, and F-specific coliphages that

infect through the sex pili.

Methods standardized by ISO and USEPA are available for infectious viruses. These standardized

methods are easy, fast and cost effective and recent developments indicate that they are easily

adaptable to friendly use commercial kits. Molecular methods are available for some F-specific

coliphages. Both somatic coliphages and F-specific coliphages are excreted by humans and animals.

The probabilities that they reproduce in the environment are extremely low. They are found in great

numbers in sewage, sewage sludge, septic tanks content, wastewater from abattoirs, slurries and

manures. No seasonal variation is observed and similar concentrations are reported around the world.

Their resistance to water and biosolid treatments and persistence in the water environment resemble

those of viruses. Numbers in receiving waters, surface and groundwater are higher than numbers of

human viruses. The possible relationship between presence and levels of indicator phages and human

viruses in waters has been studied, though with disparate results.

However, an even inferior percentages of co-occurrence or absence of correlation among different

human viruses has been reported. A number of epidemiological studies conducted to evaluate the

relationships between the presence of coliphages in surface waters and swimming illnesses have been

carried on with disparate outcomes, but, again human viruses were studied in some of these studies

and failed, evenmore than phages, to show any association with infections related to bathing.

Coliphages are increasingly being included, in guidelines related to water and biosolid management

and quality.


Plenary lectures: Theme IV


PCIV-1 : From Symbiosis to Biotechnology : The Metal Ion Inducible Autocleavage

Domain

Schirrmeister J.1, Ibe S.1, Hoyer E.1, Liebmann M.1, Zehner S.1, Fahmy K.2, Göttfert M.1

1. Institut für Genetik, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany

2. Institut für Ressourcenökologie, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden,

Germany

Pr Mihael Gottfert

Biography

Surname, first name Göttfert, Michael

Date of birth 03 September 1953

Nationality German

Qualification Dipl.-Ing. agr., Dr. rer. nat., Professor of Molecular Genetics

University Address Institute of Genetics, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtzstrasse 10, 01069

Dresden, Germany

E-Mail [email protected]

University studies 1975-1980, Study of Agricultural Sciences at the TU München-Weihenstephan,

degree: Dipl.-Ing. agr.

Doctoral thesis 1980-1984, Dissertation at the Institute of Genetics at the University of Bayreuth

Postdoc 1984-1985, Postdoc at the Biological Research Center of the Hungarian Academy of

Sciences in Szeged

1986-1996 Postdoc at the Institute of Microbiology at the ETH in Zürich

Current position since 1996, Professor of Molecular Genetics, Department of Biology, TU Dresden,

Germany

Past or present academic

activities at the TUD

Member of the study commission of the department (Past: Head of department, vice

dean of faculty, board member of the department)

Membership in

professional societies

- Saxonian Academy of Sciences in Leipzig (Head of the Mathematical-Natural

Sciences Class

- Association for General and Applied Microbiology (VAAM)

- International Society for Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions

mailto:[email protected]




Abstract

In Bradyrhizobium japonicum, the plant signal genistein leads to the activation of more than 100

genes. One induced gene cluster encodes a type III secretion system. The nodulation outer protein

NopE1 was proven to be a secreted effector protein [1,2]. Bioinformatics analyses revealed that it

contains two domains of unknown function (DUF1521), each encompassing about 170 amino acids.

NopE1 was expressed in Escherichia coli and purified. The protein is cleaved in the presence of

calcium. The cleavage site is within the DUF1521 domain, for which we now use the term “metal ion-

inducible autocleavage” (MIIA) domain [3,4]. Blast searches unveiled that the MIIA domain is

conserved not only in proteins from B. japonicum strains but also in proteins of various α-, β-, - and

-Proteobacteria.

Based on the properties of the MIIA domain, we developed a self-cleaving protein linker. In

biotechnology, proteins are often expressed and purified as fusion proteins which are later cleaved by

a costly protease. In contrast, the MIIA domain is an easy low cost tool to release the protein from the

fusion partner. Initial tests indicate that cleavage within the MIIA domain is not influenced by the

fusion partner. Cleavage is accomplished within minutes on ice and at moderate temperatures.

Cleavage is also tolerant towards a pH range from about 5 to 9 [5].

References

[1] Zehner, S. et al. (2008). Mol. Plant-Microbe Interact., 21, 1087-1093.

[2] Wenzel, M. et al. (2010). 23, 124-129.

[3] Schirrmeister, J. et al. (2011). J. Bacteriol., 193, 3733-3739.

[4] Schirrmeister, J., et al.(2013). FEMS Microbiol. Lett., 343, 177-182.

[5] Ibe S, et al. (2015). J. Biotechnol., 208, 22-27.

Keywords : Bradyrhizobiumjaponicum, type III secretion, nodulation outer protein, NopE1,

autocleavage

TCIV-1 : Optimiser les Processus de Facilitation et de « Plant-Soil Feedback » par une

Gestion Raisonnée du Potentiel Mycorhizogène des Sols dans les Agrosystèmes

Méditerranéens

Pr. Duponnois Robin

IRD, UMR LSTM, F-34398 Montpellier, France

Biography

- American Society for Microbiology

Research area Signal exchange in the rhizobia-legume interaction, analysis of type III-secreted

proteins, characterisation of efflux systems, stress response of

Bradyrhizobiumjaponicum (salt, heat, pH), proteome and transcriptome analyses of

Bradyrhizobiumjaponicum




Prof. Dr. Robin Duponnois

Nom : DUPONNOIS

Prénom : Robin

Né le : 10 Août 1963 à Chaumont, France

Situation familiale : Marié, 3 enfants

Nationalité : Française

Profession : Directeur de Recherche 1ère Classe à l’IRD

Directeur du Laboratoire des Symbioses Tropicales & Méditerranéennes (UMR

LSTM)

Spécialité : Ecologie de la symbiose mycorhizienne en milieu tropical et méditerranéen

1. PARCOURS PROFESSIONNEL

1988 : DEA Université de Nancy 1

1988 : Formation doctorale au laboratoire de microbiologie forestière INRA-Nancy

1989 : Ingénieur de Recherche. Société BIOCEM. Groupe Limagrain

1992 : Doctorat de l’Université Nancy. Spécialité Biologie végétale et forestière

1992 : Recrutement à l’IRD (Chargé de Recherche 2ème classe)

1993 : Affectation à l’IRD de Dakar (Sénégal). Laboratoire de Nématologie

1995 : Habilitation à Diriger des Recherches (HDR) de l’Université de Bourgogne (Dijon.

France)

1996 : Chargé de Recherche 1ère classe

1999 : Membre élu de la CSS3

2000 : Responsable du laboratoire de Nématologie de Dakar

2001 : Affectation à l’IRD Burkina Faso au Centre de Ouagadougou

2001 : Responsable de l’implantation secondaire de l’UR « IBIS » au Burkina Faso

2002 : Directeur de Recherche 2ème classe

2003 : Représentant adjoint de l’IRD au Burkina Faso

2005 : Affectation à l’IRD Sénégal au Laboratoire Commun de Microbiologie IRD/ISRA/UCAD

2005 : Responsable de l’implantation secondaire de l’UR « LSTM » au Sénégal

2007 : Représentant adjoint de l’IRD au Sénégal avec extension de compétences au Cap vert, à la

Gambie, la Guinée, la Guinée Bissau et la Mauritanie

2009 : Responsable de l’équipe « Symbiose et Résilience ECosystémique» (SREC) du LSTM

2010 : Directeur de Recherche 1ère classe

2011 : Chargé de mission pour l'AIRD « Grande Muraille Verte ». Accord cadre AIRD/APGMV

2012 : Chef du consortium « Lutte contre la Désertification ». AIRD/DPF

2013 : Chargé de mission « Lutte contre la désertification ». DGDA/IRD

2015 : Professeur Associé. SupAgro Montpellier

2. RESUME DE CARRIERE

• Responsable du volet lutte biologique contre les nématodes phytoparasites au Sénégal (IRD.

Laboratoire de Nématologie) (Janvier 1993 à décembre 1997).

• Affectation au Laboratoire de Biopédologie (IRD. Dakar) (Janvier 1998 à Septembre 2001

• Responsable de l’implantation secondaire de l’UR « IBIS » au Burkina Faso (Octobre 2001 à

décembre 2004)




• Responsable de l’implantation secondaire de l’UR « LSTM » au Sénégal. Laboratoire Commun de

Microbiologie IRD/ISRA/UCAD (Octobre 2005 à juillet 2010)

• Affectation au Laboratoire Ecologie & Environnement (L2E). Faculté Semlalia. Université Cadi

Ayyad de Marrakech. Maroc (Septembre 2010 à Aout 2012).

• Affectation au Laboratoire des Symbioses Tropicales et Méditerranéennes UMR CIRAD / IRD /

SupAgro / UM2 / USC INRA

01 janvier 2015. Directeur de l’UMR « Laboratoire des Symbioses Tropicales &

Méditerranéennes (LSTM)». UMR 113 IRD/CIRAD/INRA/SupAgro Montpellier/UM

3. PRODUCTION SCIENTIFIQUE

588 références scientifiques dont 126 articles de rang A, 42 articles non indexés, 56 chapitres

d’ouvrage, 6 ouvrages, 316 communications orales ou affichées et 12 brevets. H Index : 24.

Lauréat du 2ème prix de l’innovation attribué par l’IRD (Septembre 2011)

4. ACTIVITES DANS LE DOMAINE DE L’EVALUATION DE LA RECHERCHE

• Membre élu de la Commission Scientifique Sectorielle n°3 de l’IRD (1999-2003).

• Relecteur pour les revues scientifiques: Nematology, Plant & Soil, Annals of Forest Sciences, FEMS

Microbiology Ecology, Microbial Ecology, Soil Biology & Biochemistry, Agroforestry system, Forest

Ecology & Management, Letters in Applied Microbiology, New Phytologist, Australian Ecology, New

Forest Research, Journal of Applied Microbiology, chemosphere, Acta Oecologica, ISME Journal, etc

• Expert pour la Fondation Internationale pour la Science (FIS) (Depuis 2006).

• Expert pour la National Science Foundation (NSF) (Depuis 2006).

• Expert pour la « Austrian Science Fund » (FWF) (Depuis 2007)

• Expert pour le Ministère des Affaires Etrangères et du Développement International (MAEDI)

(Depuis 2007)

• Membre du comité scientifique du Fond de Soutien Prioritaire (MAE) « Sud-Expert » Afrique de

l’Ouest (2007-2009).

• Membre du comité des experts Programme Aires-Sud (MAEE) (2008-2011).

• Membre du comité ANR SEV 7 (2010-12)

• Membre du comité ANR International SEV7 (2010-12)

• Expert pour la mission d’expertise internationale (MEI) du Ministère de l’Enseignement Supérieur et

de la Recherche (MESR. France) (Depuis 2010)

• Membre du conseil scientifique du Centre National d’études et de recherches sur la Sahara (CNERS)

(Marrakech. Maroc) (Depuis 2011)

• Vice-Président de la Commission Scientifique Sectorielle n°3 (CSS3) IRD (2002-2006)

• Membre du Comité Scientifique Français de la Désertification (CSFD) (Depuis 06 2014)

• Expert pour l’Agence Internationale de l’Energie Atomique (AIEA) (Depuis 2014)

• Expert pour l’IPBES (Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem

Services). Groupe « Evaluations régionales » (Afrique) & Groupe « dégradation/restauration »

(Depuis 2015)

• Membre du comité d’experts spécialisés “Produits phytopharmaceutiques: substances et preparations

chimiques” de l’Agence Nationale de Sécurité Sanitaire de l’alimentation, de l’environnement et

travail (ANSES) (Depuis 2016).

Abstract

La surexploitation des ressources naturelles, en milieu méditerranéen, au cours de ces dernières

décennies, a entrainé une fragilisation des sols aggravant les phénomènes d’érosion hydrique et

éolienne qui aboutissent à un appauvrissement des ressources telluriques minérales et organiques,

mais, aussi de la microflore, tant au niveau de sa structure que de sa diversité fonctionnelle. Parmi les

composantes microbiennes, particulièrement sensibles à cette pression anthropique, figurent les

champignons mycorhiziens. Ces symbiotes fongiques sont des microorganismes indispensables à la

croissance de la majorité des plantes terrestres. Outre leur rôle dans la nutrition minérale de la plante

hôte, ils améliorent aussi la résistance de la plante vis à vis de stress biotiques (attaques parasitaires) et

abiotiques (métaux lourds, stress salin ou hydrique). Dans les sols dégradés, le potentiel mycorhizien




des sols atteint, généralement, un seuil, en termes d’abondance et de diversité de propagules

fongiques, qui ne permet plus à la communauté de champignons mycorhiziens d’assurer leur rôle vis à

vis de la couverture végétale. En effet, il est maintenant parfaitement admis que ces microorganismes

symbiotiques jouent un rôle majeur, dans des processus biologiques fondamentaux, processus de

facilitation et processus de « Plant-Soil Feedback » qui régissent l’évolution spatio-temporelle des

écosystèmes végétaux terrestres et assurent la productivité et la stabilité du couvert végétal.

De nombreux travaux ont suggéré que des pratiques culturales imitant ces processus naturels

pouvaient répondre aux impératifs d’une agriculture durable, dans le contexte de la Révolution

Doublement Verte. En conséquence, et, afin d’optimiser ces processus biologiques, il est alors

nécessaire de promouvoir le développement de ces symbiotes microbiens via un apport en masse de

champignon (approche « réductioniste » ou mycorhization contrôlée) ou via une gestion du

peuplement résiduel, par l’utilisation de vecteurs biologiques particulièrement adaptés aux conditions

drastiques rencontrées dans ces régions (carences minérales, sécheresse) (Approche « holistique »).

Les principaux résultats obtenus dans des agrosystèmes, au Maroc, visant à tester ces stratégies

d’amélioration du potentiel mycorhizogène des sols, seront présentés, en soulignant l’impact de ces

symbioses mycorhiziennes sur la productivité du périmètre cultivé, mais, également, sur la structure et

la diversité fonctionnelle de la microflore tellurique.

Mots Clés : légumineuses, symbiose mycorhizienne, microflore, diversité fonctionnelle,

agroécosystème

PCIV-2 : Epidemiovigilance for Improved Control of Plant Diseases : The Case of

Potato Late Blight

PR. Didier Andrivon

INRA, UMR 1349 IGEPP, BP 35327, F-35653, Le Rheu Cedex, France

Biography

Dr. Didier Andrivon

Research Director, Plant Pathology

Born March 29, 1962

Married, two sons

Professional adresse

- INRA Centre de Rennes, UMR1349 INRA-Agrocampus Ouest – Université Rennes 1 IGEPP,

BP 35327, F-35653 Le Rheu Cedex, France

(+ 33 0)2 23 48 51 93; (+ 33 0)2 23 48 51 50; Didier





Education

- 1985: Ingénieur Agronome, Ecole Nationale Supérieure Agronomique de Rennes

- 1991: Ph.D Agronomic Sciences, Institut National Agronomique Paris (‘cum laude’)

- 1998: Habilitation à Diriger les Recherches (Sciences de la Vie), University Rennes I

Foreign languages (read, written and spoken): English, German, Spanish

Research Carrier

Scientific papers

- Papers in international refereed journals (Web of Science; 1987-2016) ; As of 31.05.2016: 81

papers, 1349 citations ; h=23

- 9 book chapters; 10 invited conferences in national or international congresses or symposia.

National and international projects

Europe & international

- Participant in 8 EU projects since 1992, and one F-GB bilateral project -INRA-BBSRC

‘Invasion and persistence of plant pathogens’ (2007-2011); WP leader in EU Projects

EUCABLIGHT and CO-FREE

- French coordinator of two bilateral Franco-Moroccan projects PRAD (1999-2001 & 2003-

2005)

- Coordinator, ARIMNET PoH-MED (2013-2016)

- Coordinator, C-IPM IPM Blight 2.0 (2016- 2019)

National

- Leader of 6 research contracts funded by the French Ministry of Agriculture

- Participant /WP leader in numerous projects, including ACC Sciences du Vivant (MRE),

1996-1997; Action Biodiversité MRE, 1997-1999; Contrats de branche 1998, 2003 ; ANR-

ADD CEDRE, 2005-2009 ; ANR EMERFUNDIS, 2007-2011; ANR SYSTERRA

ARCHIDEMIO 2009-2012.

- WP leader in INRA-ACCAF project CLIF (2012-2016)

Research administration

- Leader, team ‘Characterisation and durable management of plant resistance to

diseases’, UMR BiO3P (2000-2011)

- Head, UMR BiO3P (2005-2007)

- Deputy-head, INRA Plant Health and Environment Division (2007-2014)

http://www.inra.fr/sante_plantes_environnement/

Expertise

- Associate editor, Plant Pathology (since 1996); Phytopathology (1999-2001).

- Referee (Oecologia, New Phytologist, Journal of Evolutionary Biology,

Phytopathology, Plant Disease, Mycological Research, European Journal of Plant

Pathology, Journal of Phytopathology…): 8 - 10 papers a yr since 1995.

- External referee for research projects – FR, UK, Norway, Israël.

Abstract

Integrated control strategies of plant diseases requests an intimate knowledge of the pathogens

themselves, their distribution in time and space, but, also, their genetic characteristics (which

condition their evolutionary potential) and their pathological and ecological features (which determine




largely their epidemic potential and survival). This paper shows how these features can be monitored

and exploited, with the example of potato late blight (caused by Phytophthora infestans), in Europe.

We will briefly describe the sampling and observation procedures, as well as the methods used for fast

genotyping (SSR profiles on samples collected on FTA cards) and precise phenotyping of

pathogenicity and ecological traits.

Population monitoring of P. infestans in Europe is ongoing, since the early 1980s, with variable

intensity according to countries and periods. It generated an extensive data set about over 10.000

isolates, operable as a joint database, under the collaborative network Euroblight

(www.euroblight.org). This information showed two very distinct groups of populations, in Europe,

clonal populations, in western and southern countries, with fast emergence and repeated invasions by

new lineages, and highly diverse, sexual populations, in northern and northeastern Europe.

These structures explain the earlier epidemics observed, in many European countries, and also account

for the breakdown of some major resistance genes. IPMBlight 2.0, an ongoing project recently started,

now aims to check the predictive ability of genetic profiles relative to phenotypes and to exploit

pathogen population information to design more efficient Decision Support Systems against late

blight.

Keywords : epidemiovigilance, pathogen monitoring, Phytophthora infestans, phenotyping,

genotyping

TCIV-2 : The Rhizobia-Legumes Relationship under Salinity Stress

Oufdou Khalid

Laboratory of Biology and Biotechnology of Microorganisms, Faculty of Sciences

Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakech, Morocco

Biography

Pr. Khalid Oufdou

Khalid Oufdou is a full professor, at the Cadi Ayyad University. He had his 3rd cycle Doctorate, in

Microbiology, on 1994 and his State Doctorate Es-Sciences in Microbiology and Biotechnology, on

2000. He supervised more than 10 PhD theses and published more than 40 publications with high

impact factor. He developed several research projects, with Spain, France, Germany, Tunisia, Portugal

and Sweden (3 IFS grants). He was awarded by the Alexander von Humboldt foundation (AvH

Germany 8 months fellowship) and by the Deutscher Akademischer Austauschdienst (DAAD

Germany 3 months fellowship). He was the chairman of the first edition (02-05 November 2009

MICROBIOD 1) and the second edition (02-04 October 2012 MICROBIOD 2) of the International

http://www.euroblight.org/




congress "Microbial Biotechnology for Development" www.ucam.ac.ma/microbiona. He was the

President of the Moroccan Association of Microbial Biotechnology and Protection of Natural

Resources (MICROBIONA), from 2009 to 2013.

Abstract

Legume symbiotic interactions with nitrogen-fixing bacteria could be used, in agricultural and forest

soils, under severe conditions and for soil restoration. The rhizobia-legumes relationship is subjected

to many environmental stresses such as salinity, phosphorus deficiency, water and nutrient availability

and soil contamination by toxic compounds. The inoculation with indigenous N2-fixing rhizobia can

increase soil fertility and quality, especially in poor soils, and can contribute to the tolerance of legume

plants to abiotic and biotic environmental stresses. Salinity is one of the major factors responsible for

deterioration of soil and limiting crop production, particularly, in arid and semi-arid regions. The salt

tolerance of rhizobial strains nodulating Moroccan faba bean cultures was determined on yeast extract

mannitol (YEM) medium containing salt (0 to 428 mM NaCl). The rhizobial strains were identified at

the species and symbiovar levels, by analysing 16SrDNA, nodA and recA.

In this work, we looked for osmoadaptive mechanisms, by screening for the genes otsA and kup

known to be involved in osmotic stress tolerance. These genes are encoding trehalose-6-phosphate

synthase and an inner membrane protein representing a low-affinity K+ uptake system, respectively.

Rhizobial strains varied in their tolerance against NaCl. Three strains were highly tolerant to a salt

concentration of up to 428 mM NaCl. Phylogenetic characterization of the strains nodulating V. faba

showed that most of them belong to R. leguminosarum (102 strains) whereas 4 strains were identified

as Ensifer meliloti (formerly called Sinorhizobium meliloti).

In this work, we showed the presence of otsA and kup genes within the genome of all studied strains.

However, the accumulation of trehalose and potassium, in response to NaCl stress, differed between

the salt sensitive and tolerant strains. We found a direct correlation between the trehalose and

potassium contents of the rhizobial strains and their osmotolerance. We evaluated the effect of salt

stress (0, 60 and 120 mM of NaCl) on growth, nodulation process, nitrogen uptake and mineral

nutrition content of V. faba L. plants inoculated with native Moroccan rhizobia isolated from root

nodules of faba bean plants grown in the Marrakech-Haouz region. Three R. leguminosarum strains,

which had a different tolerance to salinity, were used to inoculate faba bean plants. Shoot biomasses

were reduced under salinity stress, especially, in the plants inoculated with the salt sensitive strain.

The nodulation of faba bean roots was strongly decreased, under 120 mM salt treatment, particularly,

for the sensitive strain. The total nitrogen content decreased with increase of salinity, except for the

plants inoculated with the tolerant strain. Sodium and calcium increased sharply, in plant tissues, with

increasing salt stress, while the potassium concentration decreased. Inoculation with tolerant strain led

to reduced Na+, Ca2+ and K+ absorption by faba bean plants.

The application of the salt tolerant rhizobia strains resulted in increased plant biomass, nodulation and

nitrogen content and reduced the contents of the analyzed ions and then protect faba bean plants

against the toxic effects of salinity.

Keywords : Vicia faba, Rhizobium leguminosarum, Ensifer meliloti, salinity, nitrogen, osmotolerance,

16SrDNA, nodA, recA, otsA, kup, trehalose, potassium, mineral nutrition

Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the project PMARS n°12/20 (Project BMBF n°01DH12051) and the

Alexander von Humboldt foundation (OUFDOU Khalid AvH fellowship).

http://www.uca.ma/microbiona


Plenary lectures: Theme V


PCV-1 : Selection of Targets for Rational Drug Design of Inhibitors for Viral Diseases

Pr. Črtomir Podinik

University of Ljubljana, Faculty for Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Ljubljana,

Slovenia

Pr. Črtomir Podlipnik

Biography

Dr Črtomir Podlipnik acquired his PhD, in the field of theoretical chemistry, at the University of

Ljubljana, Slovenia, under the supervision of Pr. Jože Koller. Afterwards, he joined the group of Pr.

Anna Bernardi (University of Milano, Italy), where he was involved in designing of Cholera Toxin

inhibitors. Currently, he is working as an Assistant Professor, at the Faculty of Chemistry and

Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Slovenia. He has great scientific interest, in research

of relevant bio-molecular systems and with his valuable comprehensive knowledge in this field, he

actively participates, in many projects, including research of Ebola.

Abstract

Rational drug design (RDD) is a method to find new drugs based on the knowledge of a biological

target, which is commonly a protein or nucleic acid. The drug, which is usually a small organic

molecule, may alter the function of certain biomolecules.

The main goal of RDD is to design molecules that are complementary (shape, MESP) to its target.

Nowadays, computational (in silico) methods, which include databases, QSAR, homology modeling,

docking, represent an important issue in almost each drug development project.

In this presentation, we will critically review some of the recent methods and protocols that are

currently used for RDD. As an example, the structure based design of small molecule inhibitors

against Ebola viral infection will be presented. The Ebola virus, which is a member of the Filoviridae

family, causes one of the most lethal diseases nowadays. The genome of this virus, which encodes

only eight proteins (NP, VP35, VP40, GP/sGP, VP30, VP24, and RNA polymerase), is written on a

single-stranded, negative sense RNA (19 k nucleotides in length). Even though the Ebola virus is

genetically simple it has a very complex lifestyle, which is depicted in figure 1.




Figure 1: Ideogram of Ebola virus live cycle

The strategy for the design of small molecule inhibitors against the Ebola virus include different

targets, some of them are EBOV proteins (VP24, VP35, VP40, etc.) and others are host proteins

involved in the life cycle of the Ebola virus (Cathepsin B, DC-SIGN, NPC1, ATP1A1, …)1. Knowing

the live cycle of the Ebola virus, several strategies to fight against Ebola viral disease are proposed in

literature (a) production of monoclonal antibodies that target EBOV glycoprotein, (b) inhibition of

endosomal escape, (c) enhancing intracellular innate immunity, (d) silencing of the expression of

EBOV genes by synthetic RNA analogues, (e) inhibition of viral RNA processing, (f) disruption of the

assembly of viral nucleocapsid and virion budding, (g) fight against infection by Ebola Virus Like

Particle (VLP) delivery. The recent discoveries about the Ebola virus, its life cycle and targets allow

us to initiate a proteochemometric modeling PCM. This is a computational method to model the

bioactivity of multiple ligands against multiple protein targets2.

In our work we targeted different proteins related to Ebola viral disease, according to the strategies

described above. Molecular docking, mainly performed with Schrodinger’s Suite 21053, has been the

key method for searching medicaments for Ebola viral disease. We will show recent attempts to find a

medicament against Ebola where different proteins (VP24, VP30, VP35 and VP40) that have different

roles in Ebola viral disease pathology were used as targets for virtual screening of the NuBBE

database. The NuBBE database is a virtual database of natural products and derivatives from the

Brazilian biodiversity4. The analysis of virtual screening results has shown that compound

NuBBE.283 (6-hydroxy-rutin) isolated from plant Rubiaceae Chimarrhis turbinata is the promising

candidate for a medicament against the Ebola viral disease.

The NuBBE database were used to find the natural product which may protect us against the infection

with Zika, which is a mosquito-borne flavivirus and is currently a global public health concern5. In

case of Zika, the target was a Zika envelope protein of which the structure was resolved recently6.

We will conclude our presentation with the structure based design of novel Neuroaminidase Inhibitors

for Influenza7, which is also a disease with a huge pandemic potential.

Keywords : structure based drug design, Ebola viral disease, Zika, Avian Flu




1. Pleško S., Crtomir P. Strategies for the Development of Small Molecule Inhibitors of Ebola Viral

Infection, Ebola, Dr. Črtomir Podlipnik (Ed.), InTech.

2. Cortes-Ciriano I. et al. (2015). Polypharmacology Med. Chem. Commun., 6, 24-50.

3. https://www.schrodinger.com/suites/small-molecule-drug-discovery-suite [accessed 14/07/2016]

4. Valli M. et al. (2013). J. Nat. Prod., 2013, 76, (3), 439-444.

5. Mlakar J. et al.(2016). N. Engl. J. Med., 374:951-958.

6. Dai L. et al.(2016). Cell. Host & Microbe, 19, (5), 696-704.

7. Colombo C. et al., (2016). Org. Biomol. Chem., 14, 6539-6553.

CTV-1. New technologies and HPV genotyping: what’s implication in developing

countries ?

Pr. Bennani B.

Research Center “Health, biomedical research, biomolecules and quality of life” created in the

University Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdellah of Fez, Morocco

Biography

Pr. Bennani Bahia got the PhD degree from the University Hassan II of Casablanca in 2002. In 2003,

she was recruited as assistant professor in the Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of Fez, University

Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdellah (Fez, Morocco), where she is responsible for teaching virology and

founded the microbiology and molecular biology laboratory. In 2007, she founded and headed the

team “Microorganisms, genomics and oncogenes factors”. In 2010, she got the habilitation degree

from the same University. She is the head of “Human pathology, Biomedicine and environment”

Laboratory since it’s accreditation. In 2015, she was appointed as coordinator of the research center

“Health, biomedical research, biomolecules and quality of life” created in the University Sidi

Mohammed Ben Abdellah of Fez. Pr. Bennani is supervisor of many national doctoral theses and

masters and author of numerous international publications.

Abstract

Cervical cancer is the third most prevalent cancer in women around the world and molecular evidence

indicates that HPV is the main etiologic factor of this cancer. Of the almost 200 different HPV types

identified to date, 40 have been commonly found in anogenital lesions and, on the basis of their

oncogenic potential, they were classified on high-risk and low-risk types. In effect, persistent infection

by high-risk HPV genotypes is responsible for cellular lesions that can evolve to invasive cervical

cancer. Hence, the importance of HPV detection test as a screening tool was emphasized and was

introduced with cytology in several screening programs. Also, the introduction of the genotyping

techniques, in spite of their limitations, in such programs has lead to reduction of this cancer burden

and mortality. Firstly, it allows identifying women at high risk and secondly, it helped to determine the

most prevalent genotypes, that was utile for the development of preventive vaccine. In fact, several

tests using several sampling technics and many PCR-based genotyping methods have been developed

and each of them has some advantages and disadvantages that will be highlighted. Generally, those

technics require many steps or specialized equipment increasing the assay duration and cost. Thereby,

some questions remain: what’s the place of those tests in countries with limited resources? Can they be

useful in screening programs in those countries? If not, is their any alternative and what are the

consequences that result?

https://www.schrodinger.com/suites/small-molecule-drug-discovery-suite




CTV-2 : Génotypage Moléculaire des Souches Résistantes de Mycobacterium

tuberculosis isolées au Maroc

Dr El Mzibri, M., Chaoui I. et al.

CNESTEN, Rabat, Maroc

Dr El Mzibri Mohammed

Biography

Dr. Mohammed EL MZIBRI, titulaire d’un doctorat d’université en 1996 à l’université de la

Méditerranée, Marseille - France. J’ai intégré le CNESTEN en 1999 en tant que chercheur scientifique

en charge de développer l’axe recherche médicale. En 2002, j’ai été nommé responsable de l’unité

Biologie et Recherche Médicale dans laquelle j’ai eu l’opportunité de développer différents axes de

recherche en cancérologie, tuberculose, pharmacologie et valorisation des plantes médicinales

marocaines.

En 2006, j’ai été à l’initiative de la mise en place de l’Unité Mixte de Recherche en Nutrition avec

l’Université Ibn Tofail, et j’assure jusqu’à maintenant la coordination.

A partir de Juin 2015, j’ai pris la responsabilité de la Division Sciences du Vivant au CNESTEN dont

la mission est de développer des programmes de recherche dans le domaine de la radiobiologie,

pharmacologie, nutrition et biotechnologies, et de promouvoir l’utilisation des techniques nucléaires et

isotopiques pour répondre à des problématiques d’intérêt national.

Aussi, et à travers ces années, j’ai eu l’occasion de coordonner des projets nationaux et internationaux

et participer dans plusieurs autres projets de recherche, dans le domaine de la cancérologie, la

tuberculose, la pharmacologie et la valorisation des ressources naturelles. Les travaux réalisés ont été

publiés dans des revues internationales et présentés dans des manifestations nationales et

internationales. Au cours de ces années, j’ai eu le plaisir et la responsabilité de co-encadrer plusieurs

travaux de doctorat, master, DESA et PFE…

Entre 2012 et 2015, j’ai été nommé expert évaluateur Auprès du CNRST afin d’évaluer les projets

soumis dans le cadre des appels d’offre nationaux et des collaborations internationales, leurs états

d’avancement ainsi que les rapports finaux. J(ai également réalisé des évaluations pour le compte de

l’Agence Universitaire de la Francophonie et la Fondation Lalla Salma de Prévention et Traitement

des Cancers.

Abstract

À travers le monde, l'émergence et la dissémination des souches de Mycobacterium tuberculosis

(MTB) résistantes aux antibiotiques antituberculeux, en particulier, les souches multi-résistantes

(MDR) et ultrarésistantes (XDR), menacent le succès des différents programmes de la lutte contre la

tuberculose (TB). La connaissance des bases moléculaires de l’acquisition de la résistance de MTB

aux antibacillaires principalement les mutations génomiques a permis le développement de tests




moléculaires présentant l’avantage de fournir des résultats rapides et fiable sur le statut de la résistance

des souches mycobacteriennes.

Différents tests moléculaires ont été utilisés, pour identifier les principales mutations associées à la

résistance aux antibacillaires de première ligne (la rifampicine (RIF), l’isoniazide (INH), la

streptomycine (SM) et l’ethambutol (EMB)) et ceux de deuxième ligne (fluoroquinolones (FQs) et

médicaments injectables) chez des souches de MTB isolées à l’Institut National d’Hygiène ou à

l’Institut Pasteur de Casablanca ou de Tanger.

L’analyse moléculaire a montré une relative bonne concordance entre les résultats phénotypiques et

génotypiques avec une prédominance des mutations au niveau des codons 531, 526 et 516 du gène

rpoB. Les isolats INHR avaient principalement des mutations au niveau des codons katG315 and inhp-

15. Aussi, sur 58 isolats phénotypiquement SMR, seulement 17.2% (10 cas) portaient des mutations

géniques, les mutations nucléotidiques au niveau des codons 43 et 88 du gène rpsL et au niveau du

codon 512 du gène rrs ont été retrouvées respectivement chez 12.1% (7/58); 1.7% (1/58) et 3.4%

(2/58) des isolats. Enfin, les mutations au niveau du codon 306 du gène embBont été identifiées chez

42.3% (11/26) des isolats de MTB phénotypiquement EMBR.

Aussi, et, sur l’ensemble des isolats étudiés, 84 souches MDR ont été retenus pour l’étude du statut

XDR. L’analyse moléculaire de ces souches MDR a montré que 17.85% sont des pré-XDR. Seules des

mutations dans le gène gyrA ont été retrouvées, touchant principalement els codons 91 et 94.

Parallèlement, toutes les souches sensibles, MDR et pré-XDR ont fait l’objet d’une caractérisation

plus fine du génotype à travers le spoligotyping et le MRU-VNTR typing format 12 et/ou format 15.

Nos résultats montrent que pratiquement toutes les souches circulantes au Maroc ont été caractérisées

(absence de patterns orphelins) avec une prédominance de trois familles : Harleem, LAM et T, le

SIT42/LAM9 a été identifié comme étant le spoligotype dominant dans les isolats cliniques de MTB

au Maroc, ceci reflète une bonne adaptation de cette famille à notre population à travers le temps.

Globalement, les résultats obtenus montrant que (i) la population de MTB est hautement

homogène ;(ii) la TB au Maroc est presque exclusivement transmise par des souches MTBC modernes

appartenant aux groupes génétiques principaux 2/3 (Haarlem, LAM et T), avec un haut niveau de

biodiversité décelé par MIRU-VNTR.

L’ensemble de ces travaux montre clairement l’intérêt d’introduire ces outils moléculaires dans le

programme de prise en charge de la tuberculose au Maroc, aussi bien pour détection rapide de la TB-

MDR et XDR, en vue d’ajuster rapidement le traitement et d’interrompre la propagation des formes

sévères de la tuberculose pharmacorésistante, que dans le cadre de la surveillance épidémiologique

pour une gestion efficace et efficiente de cette maladie dans notre pays.

Mots Clés : Tuberculose, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, génotypage, résistance

CTV-3 : Molecular epidemiology of Hepatites B and C in Morocco

Benani A.1, Baha W.2, Dersi N.1, Lazaar F.1, Foullous A.3, Hammoumi M.3,

EnnajiM.M.2, El Malki A.1

1. Institut Pasteur du Maroc, Place Louis Pasteur, Casablanca Morocco

2. Faculté des Sciences et Techniques Mohammedia Morocco

3. Faculté des Sciences Ben Msik Casablanca Morocco




Dr. Benani Abdelouahab

Biography

Abdelouaheb Benani is a Head of Molecular Biology Laboratory at Pasteur Institute of Morocco

which is a national reference Molecular Biology Laboratory for Hepatitis C RAMED Program

(Moroccan Ministry of Health). Dr Benani is also the Elect-President of Arab Society for Virology,

2nd Vice-President of Moroccan Society for Virology and also an Active member on the “Advisory

Board, Consultative Meeting on Regional Strategy for Prevention and Control of Viral Hepatitis and

Other Epidemics-Prone Blood-Borne Diseases, in 2008” (WHO/EMRO, Cairo, Egypt).

In 1993 : He got his Master of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology at Université Libre of Bruxelles

(ULB, Belgium) in “Anti-Tumoral Action of Parvoviruses”.

In 2002 : He got his PhD in molecular microbiology in Fes University (Morocco) on the “Molecular

Epidemiology of Hepatitis C in Morocco”. He participates in several international and national

workshops and congresses. He published in many international journals including Journal of Medical

Virology, BMC public health, Virology Journal... He is an active researcher in molecular

epidemiology of HBV and HCV in general population and high Risk groups in Morocco. He

organized the 1st International Symposium for Virology in Morocco in 2003 (Marrakech, Morocco),

the First PCR Forum and Molecular Typing at Pasteur Institute of Morocco and the Hepatitis C

Workshop at the 5th World Congress on Virology (Atlanta, USA 2015). He is implicated in student’s

research for their training, master, and PhD.

He serves as a reviewer as well as editorial board member of many international journals. Currently,

he is a reviewer of some Grant agencies.

Abstract

Hepatitis B and hepatitis C are serious public health problems worldwide and leading causes of

chronic hepatitis, liver cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma.

HCV infects 170 million people worldwide. Its genome RNA sequence is highly variable. Six major

genotypes and approximately 80 subtypes have been recognized since it was first identified. HCV

Genotyping is well recognized as an essential tool for prognosis and prediction of treatment duration.

Pegylated interferon- -IFN) and ribavirin combined therapy results in a sustained viral response

(SVR) in approximately 50% of patients infected with HCV of genotype 1 and 80% of those with

HCV genotypes 2 or 3. While specific genotypes dominate in certain regions of the world (genotype 4

in the Middle East, 5 in south Africa, and 6 in south east Asia). Many regions have multiple genotypes

circulating including Europe and the United States.

Despite the availability of efficient vaccine, hepatitis B remains one of the major causes of liver

disease. There are approximately 400 million people chronically infected worldwide. Eight HBV




genotypes (A-H) were identified. The various HBV genotypes have distinct geographical distribution

and may be related to severity of liver disease and treatment response.

According to the latest data from a large screening program in the general population, prevalence of

HBsAg and HCVab was 1.79% and 1.5% respectively. HBV and HCV viral loads were measured by

the CAP/CTM real-time PCR (Roche Diagnostics). HCV genotyping was tested by Versant LIPA

HCV II (Siemens). We have found that HCV genotypes 1 and 2 are the most prevalent in Morocco

while genotypes 3, 4 and 5 are less common. Sequencing of HCV NS5B region of genotype 2 has

shown that HCV subtype 2i is predominant. This finding suggests that subtype 2i is not only found in

French patients as published, but also in Morocco with high prevalence.

In the other hand, HBV genotype D is predominant in Morocco, as this is the major HBV genotype in

Mediterranean countries. HBV genotypes A and F are quite rare; and might be possibly acquired from

other countries. High circulation of precore and basal core promoter mutants is common in chronic

hepatitis B infection in Morocco.

Intermediate prevalence of HBV and HCV infections in Morocco is found; HVC is transmitted by

Parenteral and nosocomial modes whereas HBV is parenterally and also sexually transmitted in our

country. Nosocomial transmission of HCV is important, especially in high risk groups (hemodialyzed

and hemophiliac patients). The introduction of HBV vaccination in the national schedule of new-born

vaccination will be the leading strategy to resolve HBV infection.

TCV-4 : La Biotechnologie au service de la Santé Animale Production des Vaccins à

usage Vétérinaires

Dr. Chafiqa Loutfi

Société de Production Biologiques et Pharmaceutiques Vétérinaires

Biography

Dr. LOUTFI Chafiqa

Society of Biological and Pharmaceutical Productions Veterinarians (BIOPHARMA), Maroc

Dr Chafiqa LOUTFI, is a Microbiologist and Virologist. She got her DEA on Microbiology-

Biochemistry and DES on Microbiology, University of Med V, Rabat, Morocco, in 1987-1991. Since

2002, she is acting as a Head of Virology Laboratory at Society of Biological and Pharmaceutical

Productions Veterinarians (BIOPHARMA) in Rabat, Morocco, which a first National Society of

animal Vaccines production against infectious diseases in Morocco and Africa. She is also the

Responsible of active principles production and conventional Virological diagnosis - Department of

Virology - BIOPHARMA. She participates and organized as well in several International and National

, Seminars, Workshops and Congresses. She published several scientific works in indexed

International Journals in the field of Virology and Veterinary Research. She is an active researcher in

the development of control strategies against veterinary viruses. She is implicated in student’s




research training, bachelors, master, and PhD. She serves as a reviewer as well as editorial board

member of some international journals. She is also a member of several professional National and

International Associations.

Abstract

Le secteur vétérinaire fait un appel croissant aux biotechnologies, pour découvrir,

tester et produire de nouveaux traitements (ex: vaccins, protéines recombinantes et anticorps

monoclonaux etc...) mais aussi pour diagnostiquer et comprendre les causes des maladies.

Un approvisionnement fiable des vaccins purs, sûrs, puissants et efficaces est essentiel

pour le santé d'un animale. l'immunisation des animaux avec des vaccins de haute qualité est

le principal moyen de contrôle de nombreuses maladies animales. Dans d'autres cas, les

vaccins sont utilisés en conjonction avec le control d'une maladie nationale ou les

programmes d'éradication. Comme la pathogenèse et l'épidémiologie de chaque maladie varie,

le rôle et l'efficacité de la vaccination comme un moyen de contrôle varie également d'une

maladie à l'autre. Certains vaccins peuvent être très efficaces, ce qui induit une immunité qui

empêche non seulement les signes cliniques de la maladie, mais peuvent aussi prévenir

l'infection et à réduire la multiplication et l'excrétion de l'agent pathogène.

La vaccination dans la plupart des pays est basée principalement sur l'utilisation des

vaccins vivants atténués et/ou inactivés, tandis qu'avec le développement biotechnologique,

y'a la multiplication des approches nouvelles dérivées de la fusion cellulaire et de la

recombinaison d'ADN/ARN a entraîné toute une série d’innovations dans les vaccins

vétérinaires au niveau de leur conception, de leur préparation et de leur utilisation.

Les modalités de production diffèrent selon les vaccins (vaccin vivant ou inactivé).

Dans le cas des vaccins tués, l’étape suivante est l’inactivation de l’agent pathogène, suivie de

l’étape de purification des antigènes. Ces antigènes purifiés ainsi obtenus vont être concentrés

avant d’y apporter, dans certains cas, un ou plusieurs adjuvants. Dans le cas des vaccins

vivants, le vaccin est préparé à partir d’une souche virale particulière, rendue non pathogène

sans être tuée. La norme de l'OIE pour la gestion et les techniques exigeantes pour la

réalisation d'essais pour les maladies infectieuses (Organisation Mondiale de la Santé

Animale) précise que les méthodes d'essai et les procédures doivent être appropriées pour des

applications de diagnostic spécifiques pour que les résultats des tests peuvent avoir de

pertinence. En d'autres termes, l'essai doit être « apte à l'usage ». L'évaluation qualitative et

quantitative de la capacité d'un résultat de test positif ou négatif pour prédire avec précision

d'infection ou l'état d'exposition de l'animal ou d'une population d'animaux est la

considération ultime de la validation du test. Tout vaccin nécessite avant sa

commercialisation, une Autorisation de mise sur le marché (AMM) qui garantit son efficacité

et son innocuité, et qui apporte une information complète sur ses conditions d’utilisation.

Mots clés: Biotechnologie, Vaccins, Technologie, OIE, ADN/ARN, AMM




CTV-5 : Les Nano Biocapteurs dans le Diagnostic en Microbiologie

Pr. Amine Aziz et Pr. Ennaji Moulay Mustapha

1. Department of Chemical Engineering and Environment of the University Hassan II-

Mohammedia

2. Laboratory of Virology, Microbiology, Quality and Biotechnologies / Eco-toxicology and

Biodiversity Team of Virology, Cancerology, Quality and Medical Biotechnologies,

University Hassan II of Casablanca, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, Mohammedia,

Rabat

Biography

Prof. Dr. Aziz Amine

Prof. Aziz Amine, has been Head of Department of Chemical Engineering and Environment of the

University Hassan II-Mohammedia during the period 1999-2003. Professor Amine’s research over the

last 25 years has focused on sensors and biosensors and their use in Analytical Chemistry. He is author

of more than 100 papers and has served as coordinator of several national and international research

projects. He is a reviewer for several scientific international journals. He is one of the Editors of the

International Journal “Biosensors and Bioelectronics” Impact Factor 7.47. Chairman of the

International Workshop “Biosensors for Food Safety and Environmental Monitoring” organized every

two years in Morocco.


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WoI-1 : Le rôle des Technologies de Stockage dans la Transition Énergétique

Pr Benchrifa Rachid

Université Mohammed V, Faculté des Sciences, Rabat, Maroc

Biography

Prof. Rachid Benchrifa

Rachid BENCHRIFA, Docteurs de Sciences physiques, soutenue en France 1990. Chercheur au

Centre National pour la Recherche Scientifique et Technique (CNRST) de 1991 à 2013, cofondateur

de l’unité de recherche : Technologies et Économie des Énergies Renouvelables(TEER) en 1995 au

CNRST, coauteur du livre «مدخل إلى الطاقة», le livre a eu le Prix Hassan II pour l'environnement au

titre de l'année 2008. Professeur à l’Université Mohammed V, Faculté des Sciences Rabat (FSR)

depuis 2014. Au centre de mon travail, se trouve deux thématiques spécifiques, le stockage d’énergie

et particulièrement les technologies de l’hydrogène, et l’intégration de l’énergie éolienne dans le

système de production d’énergie. Le deuxième intérêt est la sensibilisation au rôle moteur de

l’énergie propre dans tout développement durable.

Abstract

Tout le monde est convaincu que les énergies renouvelables composeront une part importante du

bouquet énergétique futur. Domestiquer ces sources d’énergie pour la production de l’électricité,

dépend en premier lieu du coût et de l’efficacité des technologies de production. L’injection de

l’électricité produite à partir de ces sources renouvelables intermittentes dans le réseau, génère un

certain nombre de complications, l’insertion d’une interface de stockage réduirait considérablement

ces complications. Ainsi, le développement de ces sources renouvelables dépendra des percés

technologiques que connaîtront les technologies de stockage. En effet le stockage de l’énergie

composant principal du système énergétique actuel est appelé à se développer davantage dans l’avenir.

Et pour avoir une meilleure adéquation entre la demande en énergie dans le temps et dans l’espace et

son offre, des capacités importantes de stockage sont nécessaires.

Les technologies de stockage rendent le système de production énergétique plus stable et plus flexible

dans son fonctionnement et améliorent l’efficacité et la qualité de la production. Ainsi les producteurs

utilisent le stockage de l’électricité et la chaleur pour pallier les micros coupures, stabiliser le réseau

(fréquence et tension), permettre une meilleure utilisation des installations de production de base

pendant des heures creuses, et assurer une fourniture plus économique de l’électricité pendant les

heures de pointe. En effet le système de stockage n’est économique que si l’ensemble des coûts,

d’investissement, de maintenance et de fonctionnement du système de stockage est inférieur à la

différence entre le coût de production pour le stockage (production supplémentaire des installations de

base pendant les heures creuses) et de la production normale des installations de pointe.

Le stockage en général implique un certain nombre de technologies, anciennes et modernes, qui sont

basées sur un cycle de stockage - déstockage quotidien et qui peut s’étendre à un stockage saisonnier


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d’énergie. Ces technologies couvrent un large spectre d’applications, des applications améliorant la

rentabilité du système de production aux applications améliorant la qualité du courant telles que le

volant d’inertie, les supercondensateurs, les supraconducteurs et le stockage dans les batteries

électrochimiques.

WoI-2 : Introduction aux Nanomatériaux et Opportunité d’Application pour le

Photovoltaïque

Pr. Zorkani Izeddine

Groupe NanoEr, LPS-Faculté des Sciences Dhar E1 Mehraz, Université Sidi Mohamed Ben

Abndellah, Fes, Morocco

Biography

Dr. Izeddine Zorkani

Dr I. Zorkaniwas born in Fes Morocco; he did all his high school studies in Fes. Fes contains the

Quaraouine University, one of the oldest Universities in the world. He holds a 3d Cycle Thesis in Solid

State Physics from Poincaré University in Nancy-France. He holds a PhD in Semiconductor Physics

from the ULG University in Liège-Belgium. He has about 30 years of experience in Nanosciences

with a focus on solar energy applications. Previous interests include Low Dimensional Systems and

Nano-materials. Dr Zorkani has produced numerous formal scientific publications & scientific reports.

He has co-initiated the the Moroccan Association of Nanotechnology” (AMANAT), the North Africa

of the Nanoscience African Network (NANOAFNET), the African Network of Solar Energy

(ANSOLE), the Moroccan Society of Renewable energies andthe Renewable Energy University

Network (REUNET). He is Member of the African Laser Centre and Responsible of a Federation

Scheme with the Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics (ICTP, Trieste – Italy). He

is Responsible of a Research Group"Nanomaterials and Renewable Energies" and Director of the

Solid State Laboratory, Physics Department, FSDM, Fes-Morocco. Dr. Zorkani is the President of the

Moroccan NGO Sebou Association for a Healthy Environment (ASES)

He is involved in numerous international co-operation programs in nanosciences with a focus on novel

optical materials and solar energy applications. Being involved in numerous international & national

committees and advisory boards, he is a regular associate of the International Centre for Theoretical

Physics-Trieste (ICTP).

Dr. Zorkani has and is involved in co-supervision of numerous postgraduate students from the Africa.

His main interests are related to both fundamental investigations & technological applications in the

field of nanomaterials and solar energy.

Abstract


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This presentation reviews the uses of solar energy, and examines its impact on society and the

environment. The Photovoltaic conversion is discussed; we will give a detailed description of different

Photovoltaic technologies with a focus on Nanomaterials. The objective of RDI is to reduce the cost of

solar cells with very high efficiency (> 30%). We will give a brief introduction to nanotechnology and

describe the national conditions and realities for nanoscience and nanotechnology (N&N).

Recommendations on increasing the use of solar energy in sunbelt countries are discussed; special

studies for the case of Morocco will be presented.The Moroccan Project of Solar Energy (PSM) aims

the establishment in 2020 with a capacity of electricity production from solar energy with a total

capacity of 2000 MW; the PSM will be presented.

WoIII-1 : Méthodes de Détection des Virus Pathogènes dans l’Eau et les Aliments

Pr. Christophe Gantzer, Laboratoire de Chimie Physique et Microbiologie pour


Abstract

La plupart des virus entériques pathogènes ne sont pas ou difficilement cultivables. C’est pourquoi la

détection directe de ces virus dans des matrices complexes ne peut s’effectuer que par des techniques

moléculaires. Le Comité européen de normalisation devrait proposer pour fin 2016 la version

définitivede la norme ISO 15216 (XP CEN ISO/TS 15216-(1-2)) permettant de rechercher du génome

des norovirus et du virus de l’hépatite A dans les aliments à risque (i.e.. fruits de mer, salades, fruits

rouges, eaux, surfaces). L’approche s’effectue en deux étapes, une étape de concentration-extraction

des virus à partir de la matrice et une étape de détection du génome viral par RT-PCR. Cette méthode

est, aujourd’hui, incontournable et parfaitement adaptée, pour des études rétrospectives de recherche

de l’origine alimentaire d’une épidémie virale. Sur des approches plus prospectives de gestion du

danger viral, son utilisation reste encore limitée, car la présence du génome ne permet pas de

témoigner du caractère infectieux des virus. De plus le faible volume analysé et la présence potentielle

d’inhibiteurs restent encore une source réelle de faux positifs et de faux négatifs.

Références

Gassilloud B., Schwartzbrod L. and Gantzer C. (2003). Presence of viral genome in mineral water : a

sufficient condition to assume infectious risk ? Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 69 (7),

3965-3969.

Boudaud N. et C. Gantzer (2015). Évaluation du danger viraldans les matrices alimentaires.Bulletin

épidémiologique, santé animaleet alimentation. Spécial Vigilance sur la chaînealimentaire, 68, 26-30.

WoIII-2 : Recherche et Détection des Virus Entériques dans les Bivalves au Maroc

Dr. Idrissi Azzouzi Lalla Meryem, Laboratoire National de Référence de la Poliomyélite,

Institut National d’Hygiène, Rabat, Maroc

Dr. Senouci Samira, Département de Microbiologie, Institut National d’Hygiène, Rabat,

Maroc

Abstract

Les Enterovirus sont des virus entériques humains pouvant provoquer des maladies graves chez les

enfants. Ils sont éliminés dans les selles et contaminent de cette manière le milieu hydrique et les

mollusques bivalves. Les maladies dues aux Enterovirus et aux Hépatovirus constituent un important

problème de santé publique. Pour lutter contre ces maladies, il est donc nécessaire de disposer d’une

méthodologie permettant le contrôle et la surveillance virologique des milieux hydriques.


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L’objectif de notre étude est de déceler les Enterovirus et le virus de l’hépatite A dans les moules

(Mytilus galloprovincialis) et les huîtres (Crassostrea gigas), dans le but d’avoir un aperçu sur la

contamination virale du milieu hydrique, évaluer la contamination virale des mollusques bivalves et le

risque de transmission vers l’Homme via leur consommation.

Un total de 432 individus (48 échantillons) dont 288 individus (24 échantillons) de moules (Mytilus

galloprovincialis) et 144 individus (24 échantillons) d’huîtres (Crassostrea gigas) provenant de 3 sites

naturels (Harhoura, embouchure de BouRegreg et Yaacoub el Mansour) pour les moules et à partir

d’une station d’aquaculture (la lagune de l’Oualidia) pour les huîtres ont été analysés par culture

cellulaire et par PCR en temps réel.

L’analyse des moules collectés a permis de détecter des Enterovirus à un taux de 75% sur l’ensemble

des échantillons testés dont 70.8% sont des Enterovirus Non Poliomyélitique (EVNP) et 4.2% sont des

Poliovirus de type 1 souche vaccinale, alors que chez les huîtres est de 0%. L’analyse statistique, à

l’aide du test du Khi2 pour les proportions, a révélé que les différences observées dans les trois sites

naturels ne sont pas significatives (p>0,05). Concernant le pourcentage de positivité en virus de

l’hépatite A chez les huîtres et les moules par PCR en temps réel est de 0%.

Les différents résultats obtenus dans cette étude ont clairement montrés le risque de contamination par

les Enterovirus à travers la consommation de mollusques bivalves provenant des gisements naturels.

Ces résultats soulignent l’importance de renforcer la qualité virologique des mollusques bivalves avant

leurs commercialisations.

Cette étude effectuée au Maroc a permis de montrer le risque infectieux de la consommation de

mollusques bivalves des gisements naturels contaminés par les eaux usées. D'où le danger sur la santé

public et sur la richesse maritime.

Une meilleure connaissance de la contamination des mollusques bivalves nous aide à comprendre les

niveaux de virus dans l’environnement et améliorer la sécurité alimentaire, protégeant ainsi les

consommateurs.

WoIII-3 : Detection of Norovirus, Hepatits A virus and Other Human Enteric Viruses in

Molluscan Shellfish by Taqman Real Time Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain

Reaction Assay

Tarek Fatima, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Mohammedia, Maroc

Abstract

Enteric viruses are considered as a major cause of non bacterial human gastroenteritis diseases in the

world, they can be transmitted directly from person to person or indirectly (fecal-oral route) via virus

contaminated water, air, sol, surfaces, or foods. Therefore consumption of raw or under cocked

contaminated molluscan shellfish is the most frequent cause of foodborne gastroenteritis, due to their

filter feeding system. Indeed, these animals concentrate viral particles in their digestive gland; thus

representing an important host for enteric virus transmission to human. Viruses that can be transmitted

to human include the human Noroviruses (NoV), Hepatitis A virus (HAV), Hepatitis E virus (HEV),

Rotavirus (RV), Astroviruses, Sapoviruses, Adenoviruses, Aichivruses, and other enteroviruses and

picornaviruses. (Greninger et al., 2010; Sair et al., 2002; D’Souza et al., 2007). Among the most

significant foodborne enteric viruses are hepatitis A virus and noroviruses, which contribute to the vast

majority of illnesses. The exceedingly small size of most enteric viruses and the inability to grow

them in cell cultures make their detection difficult. Therefore, molecular methods, particularly reverse

transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), has become the most common assay procedure.


Workshop


The aim of this study is to detect and characterize enteric viruses present in Moroccan cost via analysis

of molluscan bivalve, these latter are a sedentary species so they would be a good indicator of viral

pollution. To achieve this, sampling concerned four species (Oysters, cockles, mussels, and clams) of

Moroccan wild and harvested shellfish was made from areas classified from A to C. Before

proceeding to the PCR assay, the viruses were extracted from shellfish tissues, clarified and

concentrated.

Bivalve molluscan shellfish has been collected, from several points and harvesting area from north and

south of Morocco, and transferred in refrigerate box to the laboratory for analysis (Laboratory of

Virology, Microbiology, Quality and Biotechnology/ Ecotoxicology and biodiversity). After shelling

the shellfish in sterilized conditions, the digestive gland were removed, pooled in order of 1.5 g for

each sample and homogenizate with glycine buffer for concentration of viral particles by Adsorption-

Elution-precipitation method according to the method previously described by Kittigul et al. (2008).

Viral nucleic acids were extracted from shellfish concentrate using Trizol method (Invitrogen) for

extraction of RNA according to the manufacturer's instructions, and with phenol chloroform for

extraction of DNA, and then analyzed by TaqMan real time RT-PCR and/or PCR using specific

primers and probes.

WoIII-4 : Intérêt des Bactériophages en tant qu’Indicateur de Pollution Virale dans

l’Environnement

Pr. Hartard Cédric, Institut Jean Barriol, Université de Lorraine, Faculté des Sciences et

Technologies, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France

Abstract

La recherche de certains bactériophages dans l’environnement comme indicateurs de pollution fécale

est justifiée par leur capacité à se répliquer au niveau des bactéries présentes dans le microbiote

intestinal des animaux à sang chaud.Ils sont ainsi excrétés dans les selles de l’Homme et des animaux

et sont retrouvés en grandes quantités dans les eaux usées brutes.

Si parmi ces bactériophages, la plupart présentent une structure « tête queue » (i.e. coliphages

somatiques, phages de Bacteroides fragilis), les bactériophages ARNF-spécifiques présentent des

similitudes structurales avec de nombreux virus entériques pathogènes (capside protéique

icosaédrique, génome à ARN simple brin). Ils pourraient ainsi constituer des indicateurs de pollution

fécale de nature virale, capables de mieux représenter le comportement des virus pathogènes humains

(i.e. norovirus, virus des hépatites A ou E) dans l’environnement ou au cours des traitements

inactivants.

Les bactériophages sont en effet parfois retrouvés dans des situations où les indicateurs bactériens de

pollution fécale classiques (E. coli, entérocoques) sont absents. Ces situations soulignent donc un

risque viral qui pourrait perdurer malgré l’absence des indicateurs conventionnels, moins

résistants.Les bactériophages semblent donc plus adaptés à évaluer le risque viral, d’autant plus que

certains d’entre eux résistent mieux que les virus pathogènes aux traitements inactivants (le phage

MS2 est par exemple l’un des virus les plus résistants aux traitements UV). Par ailleurs, le caractère

infectieux des bactériophages fécaux est facile à vérifier, en opposition aux virus pathogènes non

cultivables pour lesquels la détection de leur génome par des techniques moléculaires n’est pas

toujours synonyme deprésence de virus infectieux. Enfin, certains bactériophages pourraient aussi

permettre de discriminer l’origine humaine ou animale de la pollution fécale, avec plus ou moins de

succès(i.e phages de B. fragilis, génotypage des bactériophages ARN F-spécifiques).


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Parmi ces indicateurs, ce travail s’est particulièrement intéresséaux bactériophages

ARN F-spécifiques, afin d’évaluer leur potentiel pour discriminer l’origine d’une pollution fécale ainsi

quepour apprécier le risque viral dans des fruits de mer et des eaux environnementales provenant d’un

site situé dans le nord-ouest de la France.

Concernant leur utilisation pour discriminer l’origine de la pollution, l’analyse de différents types

d’échantillons d’origine connu (eaux usées urbaines, selles d’animaux, eaux usées d’abattoir) a par

exemple démontré que le simple génotypage des bactériophages ARN F-spécifiques présentait parfois

quelques limites pour distinguer les échantillons humains des échantillons animaux. Le séquençage

des phages a cependant permis de mettre au point des outils moléculaires plus spécifiques d’une

pollution humaine, notamment par la détection spécifique de certaines souches du génogroupe II et du

génogroupe III.

Lors de la recherche des bactériophages ARN F-spécifiques dans les matrices environnementales,les

contraintes imposées par les limites de détection ont été illustrées par la détection de phages infectieux

dans certains échantillons en l’absence de génome correspondant. La situation inverse a également été

observée, vraisemblablement expliquée par la meilleure stabilité des génomes par rapport aux

particules infectieuses.Ces données soulignent donc combien il est difficile de conclure quant au

risque infectieux lié à un virus pathogène lorsque celui-ci est recherché par des techniques

moléculaires dans des matrices environnementales.

Concernant l’utilisation des bactériophages ARN F-spécifiques pour estimer la pollution fécale, leur

recherche dans les eaux superficielles du site d’étude (vraisemblablement soumit à une pollution fécale

récente) n’est pas apparue très informative puisque leurs concentrations étaient en moyenne 100 fois

inférieures à celles d’E.coli, qui était présent dans tous les échantillons. A l’inverse les concentrations

détectées dans les fruits de mer étaient 3,6 fois supérieures à celles d’E. coli, suggérantdonc une

meilleure bioaccumulation des phages ARN F-spécifiques. La recherche des phages a ainsi permis

d’identifier une pollution fécale en l’absence d’E. colidans plusieurs lotsde fruits de mer analysés.

Enfin, si l’on s’intéresse particulièrement à la pollution virale, une corrélation a été observée entre la

présence de génome de phages ARN F-spécifiques du génogroupe II (phages d’origine humaine) et

celle du génome de norovirus dans les fruits de mer, qu’ils soient impactés par une pollution fécale

massive ou plus modérée.

Les bactériophages fécaux apparaissent donc comme des outils intéressants pour mieux gérer le danger

viral lié aux aliments ou à l’environnement. La difficulté réside cependant dans le choix des

indicateurs à utiliser, puisqu’ils présentent chacun des avantages etdes limites. En effet, si le potentiel

des bactériophages ARN F-spécifiques à discriminer l’origine d’une pollution a pu être ici augmenté,

et que plusieurs arguments justifient leur recherche dans les fruits de mer, leur détection dans les eaux

n’a pas montré de réel intérêt comparé à E. coli. Dans ce type de situation, la recherche des coliphages

somatiques est généralement plus sensible, ces derniers étant excrétés en plus grande quantité dans

l’environnement. De la même manière, l’intérêt des bactériophages ARN F-spécifiques semble limité

dans les eaux relativement chaudes (> 25°C), ces derniers étant plus fragiles que les phages

somatiques dans ces conditions.

References

Blanch A. R., Belanche-Munoz L., Bonjoch X., Ebdon J., Gantzer C., Lucena F., Ottoson J., Kourtis C., Iversen

A., Kuhn I., Mocé L., Muniesa M., Schwartzbrod J., Skraber S., Papageorgiou G.T., Taylor H., Wallis J. and

Jofre J. (2006). Integrated analysis of established and novel microbial and chemical methods for microbial

source tracking. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 72 (9), 5915-5926.


Workshop


Simonet J. and Gantzer C. (2006). Inactivation of Poliovirus 1 and F-specific RNA phages and degradation of

their genomes by UV irradiation at 254 nanometers. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 72 (12), 7671-

7677.

Ogorzaly L., Tissier A., Bertrand I., Maul A. and Gantzer C. (2009) Relationship between F-specific RNA phage

genogroups, faecal pollution indicators and human adenoviruses in river water. Water Research. 43 (5), 1257-

1264.

Hartard C., Rivet R., Banas B. and Gantzer C. (2015) Occurrence and Sequence Variation among F-Specific

RNA Bacteriophage Subgroups in Feces and Wastewater of Urban and Animal Origin. Applied and

Environmental Microbiology, 81 (18) 6505-6515.

Fauvel B., Cauchie H-M, Gantzer C. and Ogorzaly L. (2016) Contribution of hydrological data to the

understanding of the spatio-temporal dynamics of F-specific RNA bacteriophages in river water during rainfull-

runoff events. Water research, 94, 328-340.

Jofre J., Lucena F., Blanch A. R., and Muniesa M. (2016) Coliphages as Model Organisms in the

Characterization and Management of Water Resources. Water, 8, 199.

Hartard C., Banas S., Loutreul J., Rincé A., Benoit F., Boudaud N. and Gantzer C. (2016) Relevance of F-

Specific RNA Bacteriophages in Assessing Norovirus Hazard in Shellfish and Environmental Waters. Applied

and Environmental Microbiology, In press.

Pelleieux S., Mathieu L., Block J.-C., Gantzer C. and Bertrand I. (2016) The effect of chlorination and

hydrodynamic shear stress on the persistence of bacteriophages associated with drinking water biofilms. Journal

of Applied Microbiology. In press.

WoIII-5 : Bactériophages dans les Eaux Usées : Outils d’Évaluation de Performance des

Traitements d’Épuration pour l’Élimination des Virus Entériques

Pr. Hmaied Fatma, Laboratoire de Biotechnologies et Technologie nucléaire, CNSTN, Pôle

technologiques Sidi Thabet, Sidi Thabet, Tunisie

Abstract

Les eaux usées épurées sont comme une véritable ressource en eau supplémentaire, pouvant

contribuer à la diminution du déficit hydrique et constituer une solution durable, sur le plan écologique

et sur le plan économique. Se pose alors la question de la qualité microbiologique de ces eaux ? Aucun

critère n’est fixé pour les virus entériques, bien que ceux-ci constituent la cause majeure de

gastroentérites d’origine hydrique. L’utilisation des eaux et la consommation des produits contaminées

par les virus entériques favorisent le développement de gastro-entérites, d’hépatites aigües et de

certaines zoonoses. La recherche des virus infectieux, dans les matrices de l’environnement, est

complexe. D’où l’intérêt de l’investigation des indicateurs de contamination virale, dans les eaux

usées traitées. Les bactériophages constituent des candidats d’indicateurs de contamination virale.

En Tunisie, la recherche simultanée des virus entériques, des coliphages somatiques, des phages

d’ARN F-spécifiques et des phages de Bacteroides GA17 et RYC2056, dans les eaux des stations

d’épurations, est, respectivement, effectuée, par RT-PCR en temps réel, par la technique de la gélose

en double couche, et, selon les normes ISO 10705-2 (2000), ISO 10705-1 (1995) et ISO 10705-4

(2001).

De fortes concentrations de Rotavirus (5.2x105 à 1.3x107 cg.L-1) et des phages (2.1x105 à 1.1x107

UFP.L-1), sont trouvées, à la sortie des stations d’épuration des eaux traitées par boues activées. Ce

qui témoigne de la résistance similaire de Rotavirus et des coliphages totaux au traitement secondaire.

Les coliphages somatiques ont été les plus abondants dans les eaux usées. Les coliphages somatiques,

les phages d’ARN F- spécifiques et les phages infectant Bacteroides Fragilis RYC2056 et Bacteroides

thetaiotaomicron GA17 ont manifesté une résistance importante aux traitements par boues activées et

par le chlore, en terme d’efficacité de traitement (Hmaied et al., 2015 ; Yahya et al., 2015 ; Jebri et al.,

2012). L’absence des Rotavirus dans les eaux usées d’abattoir traitées par le procédé de la

membranaire MBR (concentration à l’entrée du MBR est de 6.25 106 cg.L-1) témoigne de son efficacité

au regard de l’élimination virale. Le taux de réduction des bactériophages est de 4 log (traitement

efficace, si abattement supérieur ou égal à 2 log). Les coliphages somatiques peuvent être des


Workshop


indicateurs appropriés, pour estimer l'inactivation des virus par les rayons gamma (Jebri et al., 2013).

Ils constituent donc de bons outils, pour évaluer la performance du traitement des eaux usées, pour

l’élimination virale.

WoIII-6 : Méthodes de Concentration des Virus Pathogènes dans l’Eau

Dr. Isabelle Bertrand, Laboratoire de Chimie Physique et Microbiologie pour


Abstract

Les concentrations habituelles en virus entériques pathogènes dans le milieu hydrique, ainsi que les

faibles volumes imposés lors del’étape de détection par les méthodes moléculaires ou la culture

cellulairenécessitent la mise en œuvre de méthodes de concentration des particules virales. Ces

méthodes utilisent fréquemment la charge électrostatique des particules virales à un pH donné, mais

elles sont aussi de plus en plus souvent basées sur la taille ou le coefficient de sédimentation des

particules. Pour les eaux de surface (rivière, eau de mer…) des volumes de l’ordre de 10 à 50 L sont

généralement analysés avec un protocole d’adsorption-élution utilisant une filtration sur membrane

chargée positivement ou négativement (Cashdollar and Wymer, 2013) ou sur laine de verre (Wyn-

Jones et al., 2011). Suite à l’étape d’élution, une deuxième concentration des particules virales s’avère

alors nécessaire. Pour les échantillons environnementaux tels que des eaux usées autorisant l’analyse

d’un volume plus faible, de l’ordre de 100 mL, l’ultrafiltration qui concentre les particules virales en

fonction de leur taille avec un seuil de coupure de 30 à 100 kDa est de plus en plus utilisée (Qiu et al.,

2016).

Références

Cashdollar J.L. and Wymer L. (2013). Methods for primary concentration of viruses from water

samples : a review and meta-analysisof recent studies. Journal of Applied Microbiology, 115:1-11

Qiu Y., Lee B.E., Ruecker N.J., Neumann N., Ashbolt N. and Pang X. (2016). A one-step centrifugal

ultrafiltration method to concentrate enteric viruses from wastewater. Journal of Virological Methods,

237:150-153.

Wyn-Jones, A.P., Carducci, A., Cook, N., D'Agostino, M., Divizia, M., Fleischer, J., Gantzer, C.,

Gawler, A., Girones, R., Höller, C., de Roda Husman, A.M., Kay, D., Kozyra, I., López-Pila, J.,

Muscillo, M., Nascimento, M.S., Papageorgiou, G., Rutjes, S., Sellwood, J., Szewzyk, R. and Wyer

M. (2011). Surveillance of adenoviruses and noroviruses in European recreational waters.Water

Research, 5(3):1025-38.

WoIII-7 : Difficultés d’Interprétation de la Présence de Génome Viral dans l’Eau et les

Aliments

Pr. Gantzer Christophe

Laboratoire de Chimie Physique et Microbiologie pour l’Environnement, UMR 7564,CNRS,

Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France

Abstract

Le niveau de connaissance actuel ne permet pas de proposer une interprétation scientifiquement

rigoureuse de la présence de génome de virus pathogènes dans des matrices environnementales ou

alimentaires. Dans le cas d’une réponse positive, en l’absence d’information sur le caractère infectieux

de ces virus,il est impossible de conclure sur le réel danger viral pour l’Homme. Il a en effet été

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21093010


Workshop


largement démontré que le génome d’un virus présente une persistance très supérieure à son caractère

infectieux. Néanmoins l’absence d’information sur ce point conduit à l’application d’un principe de

précaution qui entraîne le retrait potentiellement injustifié des lots du marché. Cette surestimation est

réelle car de fortes prévalences dans certaines matrices sont rapportées dans la littérature. Dans le cas

d’une réponse négative, le faible volume analysé, le rendement d’extraction des acides nucléiques

parfois de l’ordre de 1% et la présence d’inhibiteurs conduisent souvent à une sécurité très relative

concernant l’absence de danger viral.

Pour l’heure, il semble donc encore très important d’utiliser des indicateurs de pollution dont le

caractère infectieux puisse réellement être validé (i.e.E. coli, enterocoques, phages).

Références

Gassilloud B., Schwartzbrod L. and Gantzer C. (2003) Presence of viral genome in mineral water : a

sufficient condition to assume infectious risk ? Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 69 (7),

3965-3969.

Boudaud N. et C. Gantzer (2015) Évaluation du danger viraldans les matrices alimentaires.Bulletin

épidémiologique, santé animaleet alimentation. Spécial Vigilance sur la chaînealimentaire, 68, 26-30.

The 3rdEdition of International Congress:

Microbial Biotechnology for Development


Oral Communication


Oral Communication : Theme I


COI-1 : Identification of Bio-Markers Using

Real Time PCR for Early Diagnosis of

Gynecological and Breast Cancers Viral

Etiology in Morocco

Ait Hammou R.1, Benhessou M.1, 2, Ennaji

M.M.1*

1. Laboratory of Virology, Microbiology,

Biotechnology, Ecotoxicology and Biodiversity,

Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, University

Hassan II, Mohammedia, Morocco

2. Obstetrics Gynecology Service, CHU Ibn

Rochd, Casablanca, Morocco

*Corresponding E-mail : [email protected]

Abstract

Breast and gynecological cancers (cervical

cancer, ovarian cancer ...) represent a real public

health problem, in Morocco. In 2011, these

cancers accounted for 60% of all cancers, among

women and 50% of cancer among women treated

at the National Institute of Oncology. In spite of

significant advances in research on these cancers,

with the new tools of molecular biology, viral

etiology of these cancers is often associated and

reported to oncogenic DNA and RNA viruses,

mainly HPV (human Papilloma virus), EBV,

MMTV, HBV and the most affected virus is

often the HPV. Therefore, their diagnosis is

frequently performed late to the metastatic stage.

Currently, more research is directed towards the

molecular signatures of different cancers,

including research on newly discovered

biomarkers and highlighted called miRNAs that

allow early diagnosis of these cancers. Among

these, the identification of MicroRNAs

(miRNAs) which are epigenetic biomarker able

to regulate promoters of genes of cancer cells and

which are released early, in the general

circulation, thus providing potential targets for

diagnosis.

The aim of this study is to determinate the

expression profile of microRNAs and establish

the relation between viral etiology of these

cancers and MicroRNAs. Our research project

proposes to establish the viral etiology of these

cancers, using specific primers for each type of

viruses and identify some MiRNAs specific to

each type of breast and gynecological cancers,

among the Moroccan population. These MiRNAs

were extracted and purified with specific

methods from fresh biopsies collected from

obstetrics gynecology service of CHU Ibn Rochd

of Casablanca and amplified using RT-PCR.

These newly discovered molecular signature of

cancer can contribute to an early and selective

cancer diagnosis, if the molecular profile is well

established and can provide a new way of

prevention to ensure a better prognosis and

improving therapeutic monitoring for patients, in

Morocco, for breast and gynecological cancer or

another type of cancers (vulva, endometrial…).

Keywords : bio-markers, breast cancer,

gynecological cancers (cervical and ovarian),

MiRNAs, Real Time PCR,viral etiolog

COI-2 : Sequence Variations in E6 and E7

Oncogenes of Human Papillomavirus Type 16

from Gabonese Cervical Cancer Isolates

Assoumou Z.S.1*, Ndjoyi-Mbiguino A.1,

Mabika Mabika B.3, Belembaogo E.4,

Khattabi A.5, Ennaji M.M.2

1. Laboratoire National de Référence IST/Sida,

Laboratoire National de Référence OMS

Rougeole, Rubéole et Fièvre jaune, Département

de Bactériologie-Virologie, Faculté de Médecine

et des Sciences de la Santé, Université des

Sciences de la Santé, Libreville, Gabon

2. Laboratoire de Virologie, Microbiologie et

Qualité/ETB, Université Hassan II, Faculté des

Sciences et Techniques, Mohammedia, Maroc

3. Département d’Anatomie et de Cytologie

Pathologiques, Faculté de Médecine et des

Sciences de la Santé, Université des Sciences de

la Santé, Libreville, Gabon

4. Institut de Cancérologie d’Agondjé, Libreville,

Gabon

5. Laboratoire d’Agroalimentaire et Santé,

Département de Biologie Appliquée, Faculté des

Sciences et Techniques, Université Hassan 1er,

Settat, Maroc

*Corresponding author : Assoumou Z.S.

Abstract

HPV-16 variants distribution is reported to differ

geographically and in their oncogenic potential

for progression to cervical cancer. In this study,

we investigated the HPV-16 variants distribution

among women from Gabon.



Oral Communication: Theme I


Amplification of E6 and E7 genes of 29 HPV-16

isolates of Gabonese women with cervical cancer

(collected in the Pathology Laboratory of the

Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences of

Libreville, Gabon) was performed by using type-

specific primers PCR and then directly

sequenced. The sequences obtained were aligned

with the HPV-16 GenBank reference sequences.

Out of the 29 samples investigated, 25 were

successfully amplified. In the 25 samples

analyzed 9 and 3 nucleotide changes in E6 and

E7 gene respectively were found. In the E6 gene,

the most frequently observed mutation were

C143G, G145T, T286A, A289G, C335T which

led Q14D and H78Y non-synonymous amino

acid variations. The others mutations found

C109T, G132C, G132T, A403G were detected in

24% (6 of 25), 68% (17 of 25), 32% (8 of 25),

32% (8 of 25), respectively. The E7 gene appears

to be better conserved than the E6 gene. Only 3

mutations were detected of which two were silent

T789C and T795G and the third A647G was

missense mutation with substitution of

Asparagine to Serine (N29S). This mutation was

present in 32% (8 of 25) samples. All the variants

detected in this study belonged to the Af1 (68%;

17 of 25) and Af2 (32%; 8 of 25) lineages.

This study reported for the first time the

distribution of HPV-16 E6 and E7 genetic

variants in cervical cancer cases in Gabon. Our

results highlight the predominance of African

lineage in Gabonese population.

Keywords : HPV-16 variants, E6 gene, E7 gene,

cervical cancer, Gabon

COI-3 : E6 and E7 Oncogenes of Human

Papillomavirus Type 16 : Genetic Variability

in Congolese Cervical Cancer Isolates

Boumba A.L.M.1,2,3, Assoumou S.Z.1,2, Hilali

L.2, Mambou J.V.4, Moukassa D.3, Ennaji

M.M.3

Abstract

The molecular epidemiological studies showed

that some variants of HPV-16, distributed

geographically, would present a higher risk of

causing cervical cancer. This study aimed to

analyze nucleotide changes of HPV-16 E6 and

E7 genomic regions, from infected Southwestern

Congolese women.

DNA of twenty HPV-16 isolates was analyzed by

amplifying the E6 and E7 genes using type-

specific primers PCR and direct sequencing. The

sequences obtained were aligned with the HPV-

16 GenBank reference sequences.

Thirteen (65,0%) out of 20 DNA-samples were

successfully amplified. Genetic analysis revealed

18 and 4 nucleotide changes in E6 and E7

genomic regions, respectively. The most

frequently observed nucleotide variations were

the missense C143G, G145T and C335T in E6

(100%), leading to the non-synonymous amino

acid variation Q14D and H78Y. E7 genomic

region was found to be highly conserved with

two most common T789C and T795G (100%)

silent variations. All HPV-16 variants identified

belonged to the African lineage, 7 (53,8%)

belonged to Af-1 lineage and 6 (46,1%) to Af-2

lineage. The missense mutation G622A (D21N),

in the E7 region, seems to be described for the

first time in this study.

This study reported for the first time the

distribution of HPV-16 E6 and E7 genetic

variants in infected women from southwest

Congo. The findings confirmed almost

ascendancy of the African lineage in our study

population.

Keywords : human papillomavirus type 16, E6

and E7 genetic variants, Southwest Congo

COI-4 : Can Helicobacter pylori vacA

Genotypes and cagA Status Be Used As

Predictor of Gastric Diseases Development in

a Moroccan Population ?

El Khadir M.1,5, Alaoui Boukhris S.1, Khaldi

S.1, Benajah D.4,7, El Rhazi K.3, Ibrahimi

S.A.4,7, El Abkari M.4,7, Harmouch T.2,7,

Nejjari C.3, Mahmoud M.6, Benlemlih M.5,

Bennani B.1,5,7

1. Laboratoire de Microbiologie et Biologie

Moléculaire, Faculté de Médecine et de

Pharmacie, Université Sidi Mohammed Ben

Abdellah, Fès, Maroc

2. Service d’Anatomie Pathologique, CHU

Hassan II, Fès, Maroc




3. Laboratoire d’Epidémiologie et de Recherche

Clinique, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie,

Université Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdellah, Fès,

Maroc

4. Service d’Hépato-Gastro-Eentérologie, CHU

Hassan II, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie,


Maroc

5. Laboratoire de Biotechnologie, Faculté des

Sciences Dhar el Mehraz, Université Sidi

Mohammed Ben Abdellah, Fès, Maroc

6. Service de Bactériologie, CHU Hassan II, Fès,

Maroc

7. Laboratoire de Pathologie Humaine,

Biomédecine et Environnement, Faculté de

Médecine et de Pharmacie, Université Sidi


Abstract

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection induces

inflammation of the gastric mucosa which may

progress to precancerous lesions leading to

gastric cancer (GC). Pathological determinism is

associated to some virulence genes of the

bacterium, notably the vacuolating-cytotoxin-

gene (vacA) and cytotoxin-associated-gene-A

(cagA). The present study aimed to find the

association of the vacA genotypes and cagA

status with sex, age and gastric diseases.

Gastric biopsy was taken from 1074 consenting

moroccan patients with gastriti peptic ulcer or

GC and who had undergone upper

gastrointestinal endoscopy. The specimens were

processed by PCR to identify H. pylori, cagA

status and to characterize vacAs, vacAm and

vacAi regions directly from biopsies H. pylori

positives. The use of these samples was approved

by the Ethics Committee of CHU-Fez. SPSS-

software was used to correlate genotypes with

different gastric diseases.

VacA genotyping revealed the predominance of

vacAs2i2m2 (49.7%). The correlation between

vacA genotypes and cagA status with age reveals

that the most virulent vacA alleles (s1, i1 and

m1) are more predominant in men than in women

(p=0.004, p=0.009 and p=0.019 respectively). H.

pylori vacAi1 genotypes is strongly associated

with the risk of GC, the OR (95% CI) was 10.45

[2.15-50.75], while vacAs1/cagA+ can be

considered a protective factor for GC, the OR

was 0.13 [0.02-0.75].

This first study conducted in our country

demonstrates a large genetic diversity of H.

pylori with a predominance of vacAs2m2i2 and

shows that vacAi1 may be of a clinical usefulness

in identifying patients at a high risk of GC

development.

Keywords : H. pylori, gastric diseases, vacA,

cagA

COI-5 : Clinico Pathological Review of 89

Patients with Bile Duct Cancer and

Association with Helicobacter pylori

Cherif S.1,2, Abbaf F.2, Elantri S.1, Hakmaoui

A.2, Amine A.1 , Rais H.2

1. Laboratory of Biochemistry Environment and

Agroalimentary, Biology Department, University

Hassan II, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques,

Mohammedia, Morocco

2. Department of Pathology, Arrazi Hospital,

Biopathology Laboratory Clinical Research

Center, Mohammed VI University Hospital,

Marrakech, Morocco


Abstract

The aim of this study is to asses clinico-

pathological aspects of histological confirmed

bile duct cancers and to determine whether the

presence of H. pylori in bile duct biopsies is

associated with an increased risk of biliary tract

carcinoma.

A retrospective study was performed at

Mohammed VI University Hospital, over 14

years (2001-2015). Eighty nine cases of

histological confirmed bile duct cancer were

enrolled in this study. Demographic data, clinical

and histopathological characteristics were

collected. Bile duct specimens were investigated

for H. pylori by several techniques.

The patients average age was 60±12,04 years old.

The highest frequency was seen between 61 and

70 years, 76% of cases were female and




24%were male. The histological study shows that

adenocarcinoma is the most common histological

type. After examination for H. pylori, 54% of the

patients were positive.

The data obtained suggests the necessity of early

diagnosis. The definition of risk factors is the

challenge that could improve the prognosis of

this cancer.

Keywords : bile duct cancer, clinico-pathological

aspects, H. pylori, Morocco

COI-6 : HIV-1 Drug Resistance Mutations

Reported in People Living with HIV in

Libreville, Gabon between 2002 and 2009

Ndjoyi-Mbiguino A.1*, Assoumou Z.S.1,

Nzengui-Nzengui G.F.1, M’boyis Kamdem H.1

1. Laboratory of STI/AIDS, Department of

Bacteriology-Virology, Faculty of Medicine and

Health Sciences, University of Health Sciences,

Libreville, Gabon

*Corresponding E-mail: [email protected]

Abstract

Antiretroviral therapy (ART) has reduced

morbidity and mortality related to human

immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection but in

spite of this advance, one of the major potential

challenges is the risk of emergence of ARV drug-

resistant HIV strains contributing to treatment

failure in patients. Thus, the aim of this study is

to evaluate the genotypic profile of HIV-1

isolates from treated patients in Libreville,

Gabon.

A total of 109 patients in therapeutic failure

between January 2002 and December 2009 were

included in this study. Genotypic analyses of the

reverse transcriptase and protease genes were

performed by PCR and sequencing with

TRUGENE HIV-1 Genotyping system. The last

update (2015) of the International Aids Society

(IAS-USA) list of mutations was used to

determine the mutations recorded which might be

related to drug resistance.

Among the 109 patients, analysis was done for 44

patients. All patients had an infection with the

subtype non-B. Nucleoside reverse transcriptase

inhibitor (NRTI), Non-Nucleoside reverse

transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) and protease

inhibitor (PI) mutations were found in 38.6%

(17/44), 25% (11/44) and 90.9% (40/44) cases,

respectively. Mutations involvement in NRTI

cross resistance called Thymidine analogue

mutations (TAMs) were the most commonly

NRTI found mainly represented by T215 F/Y

(27.3% ; 12/44) and M41L (20.5% ; 9/44) and

K70R (13.6% ; 6/44). Multiple NRTI resistance

mutation was found in 12 cases (27.3%). New

NRTI mutations was found : T 215/A in one

case. In the NNRTI mutations, G190A/S/V

(11.2% ; 5/44) was mainly found. Major

mutations associated with resistance to protease

inhibitors were found in 15.9% (7/44) cases for

M46I/L, 13.6% (n = 6/44) cases for I54V, 13.6%

(6/44) cases to L90M and 11.4% (5/44).

This study on the prevalence of resistance

mutations show the existence of several

resistances to key antiretroviral drugs used in

patients with HIV to Gabon.

These mutations can affect the efficacy of

treatment, by reducing the sensitivity to one or

more antiretroviral.

The surveillance for HIV-1 drug resistance

transmission, in Gabon, should be strengthened.

Keywords : HIV-1 drug, resistance mutations,

reverse transcriptase gene, protease gene,

Libreville, Gabon

COI-7 : Molecular Characterization of Multi

and Extremely Drug Resistant Mycobacterium

tuberculosis Isolates from Morocco

Oudghiri A.1,2, Chaoui I.1, Chtioui F.3,

ElmessaoudiM.D.3, Laglaoui A.2, El Mzibri

M.1

1. Medical Molecular Biology Research Unit,


2. Biotechnology and Biomolecular Engineering,

Research Laboratory, FST, Tanger, Maroc





3. Tuberculosis Research Laboratory, Institute

Pasteur, Casablanca, Maroc

The emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) and

extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (XDR TB)

threatens disease control efforts throughout the

world. Drug-resistant TB may be acquired, if

bacteria harboring spontaneously emerging drug

resistance mutation are positively selected due

inadequate treatment regimens, poor drug quality

or patient non-compliance. Alternatively, drug-

resistant TB may also occur through the

transmission of already resistant strains, termed

primary resistance. Unlikely, disease caused by

XDR Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB)

isolates is associated with very poor treatment

outcomes. Thus, the rapid detection of microbial

resistance to second line drugs (SLDs), prior to

and during treatment, is therefore of essential

importance for the implementation of increased

infection control measures that may well limit the

spread of XDR-TB to other patients.

The present study aimed to characterize these

mutations within MDR isolates, in order to have

a global picture on the occurrence of XDR-TB in

this setting and select specific SNPs that could be

used for the rapid, specific and sensitive

detection of resistance to SLDs.

A collection of 603 Mycobacterium tuberculosis

strains isolated, at the Pasteur Institute, in

Casablanca, were enrolled in this retrospective

study. First molecular characterization of MDR

strains was performed by examining hot regions

of rpoB, katG, and the inhA promoter genes

which are known to harbor the majority of

Rifampicin and Isoniazid, resistance-associated

mutations, respectively, by PCR, DOT Blot

hybridization strategy, using radiolabelled

probes. The mutation profiles associated with

resistance to SLDs, FQs and injectable drugs

were assessed by DNA sequencing. Target

sequences for five genes were examined : gyrA,

gyrB(FQs), rrs(KAN,AMK,CAP), tlyA (CAP)

and eis promoter (KAN).

Molecular analysis showed that 26.7% of MDR

strains are pre-XDR harboring mutations in the

gyrA gene, with a prevalent mutation in

Asp94Gly (66.6%), followed by Ala90Val

(17.6%) and Ser91Pro (17.6%). No point

mutation was detected, neither in gyrB nor in

rrsgenes. The eis promoter and tlyA gene

sequencing are underway. The sensitivity for the

detection of FQs resistance by DNA sequencing

could not be evaluated, because of the lack of the

information regarding DST for SLDs (DST is in

progress for Fluoroquinolones and injectable

drugs).

The results of this study demonstrate the utility of

detection of mutations associated with drug

resistance to SLDs, especially, to FQs which is

crucial for optimizing the treatment of TB and

preventing transmission of drug resistant MTB

strains. Implementation of molecular tests for

further drug resistance identification would

facilitate DST for SLDs, particularly, in

developing countries, were the majority of MDR

and XDR TB occur.

Keywords : Morocco, Mycobacterium

tuberculosis, MDR-TB, XDR-TB, pre-XDR-TB,

sequencing, gyrA, gyrB, rrs, tlyA, eis promoter

COI-8 : Detection of Helicobacter pylori and its

CagA virulence gene : Association with

Gastric Diseases

Nadifiyine S.1*, Essadik A.1, Jouimiyi R.1,

Bounder G.1, Boura H.1, Rafik I.2, Maachi F.1*

1. Laboratoire de Pathologie Oncologie

Gastrique, Institut Pasteur du Maroc, Casablanca,

Maroc

2. Centre Médical de Gastroentérologie,

Casablanca, Maroc.

*Corresponding E-mail :

[email protected],saloua.nadifiyine@pa

steur.ma

Helicobacter pylori (Hp) infection is a public

health problem, affecting silently 50% of the

world population and 68% of the Moroccan

population [1]. Hp is the only bacterial agent

classified by WHO as carcinogen type I. It has

many virulence factors, giving it the power to

colonize the human stomach (pH=2) Urease, to

fluctuate the inflammatory response and to alter

the integrity of the gastric mucosa "CagA"

protein. Hence, the appearance of many gastric

disorders such as ulcers, gastritis, MALT and

gastric cancer.

This study aims to identify Hp with PCR, by

revealing the presence of its specific gene

"UreA", identify CagA strains on the infected







population (Hp+) and study the association

between these strains and the different gastric

pathologies.

The 84 gastric biopsies obtained by endoscopy

have been subjected to an histopathological

examination, in order to determine gastric

pathologies and a DNA extraction and PCR to

reveal the presence of UreA and CagA genes.

The average age of our population is 47±14.5

years.

Among the 84 studied patients, 27 (32.1%) were

positives for the UreA gene, among which 63%

are suffering from gastritis. A total of 10 patients

(37%) were found to be positive for CagA and

suffered from gastritis. These cases may present a

high risk to develop more severe diseases that

can lead to gastric cancer [2,3].

Keywords : Helicobacter pylori, UreA, CagA

virulence gene, gastric diseases

References

[1] Essadik A., Benomar H., Rafik I., Hamza M.,

Guemouri L., Maachi F. Epidemiological and

clinical aspects of Helicobacter pylori infection

through a Moroccan study. Hegel, 2013,

3(3):163-169.

[2] Malfherteiner P., Bornschein J., Selgrad M.

Role of Helicobacter pylori infection in gastric

cancer pathogenesis: a chance for prevention.

Digestive Disease, 2010, 11(1):2-11.

[3] Ito T., Kobayashi D., Uchida K., Takemura T.,

Nagaoka S., Kobayashi I., et al. Helicobacter

pylori invades the gastric mucosa and

translocates to the gastric lymph nodes.

Laboratory Investigation, 2008, 88:664-81.

COI-9 : Aspects Épidémiologiques et

Cliniques de l’Infection à Helicobacter pylori à

travers une Étude Marocaine

Bounder G.1,2*, Essadik A.1,2, Rafik I4, Boura

H.1, Nadifiyine S.1, Lebrazi H.2, Benomar H.3,

Maachi F.1


Digestive, Institut Pasteur, Casablanca, Maroc

2. Laboratoire de Recherche sur les Lipoprotéines

et l’Athérosclérose. Faculté des Sciences Ben

Msik, Casablanca, maroc

3. Laboratoire d’Anatomo Cyto Pathologie,

Institut Pasteur du Maroc, Casablanca, Maroc


Casablanca, Maroc


[email protected]

Abstract

Helicobacter pylori (H.pylori) colonise l'estomac

d'environ la moitié de la population humaine

dans le monde. L’infection par cette bactérie est

chronique et peut évoluer de la gastrite à des

pathologies graves telles que les ulcères gastro

duodénaux et le cancer gastrique. Dans les pays

en développement, l’infection à H. pylori

constitue un problème de santé publique.

Le but de cette étude est de déterminer la

prévalence de l’infection à H. pylori et d’étudier

l’impact des différents facteurs épidémiologiques

ainsi que les principales maladies gastriques

associées à cette infection, chez une population

marocaine.

L’étude épidémiologique a été faite sur 837

patients, les renseignements cliniques et

socioéconomiques sont collectés sur des dossiers

archivés (1998-2011), à l’Institut Pasteur du

Maroc et dans un centre médical de

gastroentérologie à Casablanca. L’examen

histologique, réalisé sur des biopsies, visait à

rechercher des anomalies de la muqueuse

gastrique, une inflammation ou un processus

cancéreux, et, à révéler, en second lieu, la

présence de H. pylori.

La prévalence de l’infection à H. pylori, chez la

population étudiée, est de 69,2%, avec une

prédominance (80,2%) chez le groupe de [31-40

ans]. Le sexe ne présentait aucun effet significatif

sur la prévalence. Une corrélation significative a

été observée, entre la prévalence de l’infection à

H. pylori et le développement des gastrites

chroniques (91,8%) dont 35,5% appartient au

groupe de [31-40 ans].

Les résultats de cette étude indiquent que le

groupe d’âge [31-40 ans] présente la plus forte

prévalence de l’infection à H. pylori et le taux le

plus élevé de gastrites. Il constituerait ainsi un

terrain de risque pour la survenue d’un cancer

gastrique.




COI-10 : Prevalence of Panton-Valentine

Leukocidin in Staphylococcus aureus Strains

in Tangier Morocco

Mourabit N.1,2*, Arakrak A.1, Bakkali M.1,

Laglaoui A.1

1. Équipe de Recherche en Biotechnologie et

Génie des Biomolécules, Faculté des Sciences et

Techniques, Tangier, Morocco

2. Laboratory of Microbiology Mohamed V

Regional Hospital, Tangier, Morocco

*Corresponding Author

Abstract

In the present study, we determined the

prevalence and evaluated risk factors for PVL-

positive S. aureus as a cause of infections among

patients, in Tangier, Morocco.

Between January 2012 and December 2014, we

studied 212 S. aureus recovered from clinical

specimens from 983 patients hospitalized at

Mohamed V Hospital, during the prospective

study. Data for risk factor analysis were

collected. Isolates were identified as S.aureus by

Gram stain tube coagulase and

deoxyribonuclease reactions. PVL Toxin and

mecA were detected by PCR for all isolates.

PVL-positive strains were further analyzed by

antimicrobial susceptibility testing by disk

diffusion by EUCAST methods. Statistical

analyses were performed using SPSS V 20.

PCR testing revealed that (42:19.81%) of isolates

from this study harbored the lukSF-PVgenes. The

mean age of PVL positive patients was 19±14,19

years compared to 20±14,19 years of PVL-

negative patients. Most isolates (201:94.81%)

were MSSA and (11:5.1%) were MRSA. Thirty

(30:71.42%) of the PVL-positive strains were

classified as community-associated SA (CA-SA)

and 12 (28.57%) as hospital-associated (HA-SA).

Only (2) two MRSA infected patients were PVL-

positive. These two strains were isolated from

children with respiratory infections and

considered to belong to community acquired CA-

MRSA. All PVL-positive isolates including

MRSA showed a high-grade antimicrobial

susceptibility.

Our results suggest the presence of MSSA PVL-

positive strains spreading across the community

and were associated to skin and bone infections.

Antimicrobial resistance could not represent the

only elements highlighting the importance of an

infection, the need of PVL screening should be

taken into account, specially, in pediatric

patients.

Keywords : PVL, S. aureus, MRSA

COI-11 : Phenotypic Characteristics of

Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus

Isolated from Pediatric in the Mother Child

Hospital in Morocco

Serray B.*, Oufrid S., Soraa N., Sobh M.,

Hammoumi A., Timinouni M., El Azhari M.

Faculty of Sciences and Technics, Béni Mellal,

Maroc


[email protected]

Infections involving methicillin resistant

Staphylococcus aureus MRSA remain a serious

threat to hospitalized patients worldwide. It’s

characterized by recalcitrance to antimicrobial

therapy which is a function not only of

widespread antimicrobial resistance but also the

capacity to form biofilms. The present study

evaluated the presence of genes encoding

adhesion factors and biofilm forming capacity in

MRSA.

In this study 53 isolates of MRSA, recovered

from December 2010 to Mai 2014 in a Mother

Child Hospital CHU Mohamed VI Marrakech in

Morocco, were screened for the presence of bap,

ica genes associated with biofilm formation and

for bbp, cna, ebpS, eno, fib, fnbA, fnbB, clfA and

clfB genes that encode microbial surface

components recognizing adhesive matrix

molecules MSCRAMMs. The biofilm formation

assay was performed in 96-well microtiter

polystyrene plates. The presence of genes was

determined by polymerase chain reaction PCR.

In the present study, an association was found

between icaD gene detection and biofilm

formation. Thus, 100% of the strains harbouring

icaD and producing biofilm suggests that in these

species biofilm formation is an important

mechanism for the persistence of the infection.

None of the isolates harboured bap or bbp.

Furthermore, 96.23% isolates were positive for

fnbA, 60.37 % isolates were positive for eno,




43.39% isolates were positive for clfA and clfB

and 11.32% isolates were positive for cna, 9.34%

isolates carried ebps, 5.66% isolates were

positive for fib and 1.89 % isolates carried fnbA.

The presence of the combination of these genes

means that they may have a good genetic

capacity for adherence.

Our findings showed that the SARM carrier, in

Marrakech, children was high, from this data.

The genetic variations of adhesion genes need

further investigation.

COI-12 : Rotavirus VP7 and VP 4 Genotyping

in Stool Samples from Children with Acute

Diarrhea in Williamsville Area (Abidjan, Côte

d’Ivoire)

Karamoko Y.1, Dabonne S.2

1. UFR SN, Université Nangui Abrogoua,

Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire

2. UFR STA, Université Nangui Abrogoua,

Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire

Abstract

Childhood diarrheas lead to considerable

morbidity worldwide. Moreover, the related

mortality occurs, mainly in developing countries.

One of the major diarrhea infectious agents in

children under five years is Rotavirus. It’s an

enteric virus that is transmitted by the faecal-oral

route. High genetic variations of Rotavirus have

been documented. The molecular epidemiology

of this virus is mostly based on molecular typing

of VP7 and VP4 genes. Recently vaccines

(Rotarix® and RotaTeq®) have been approved,

based on the believed most frequent genotypes.

However, the genotypic diversity varies quickly

in African countries. This substantiates the

interest of monitoring routinely the genetic

pattern of the infectious agent.

Our goal, in this work, was to evaluate the

proportion of Rotavirus, in the etiology of

childhood diarrheas, in Williamsville

neighborhood in Abidjan city and assess the

genotypic pattern found in the positive samples.

To do this, we collected 103 stool specimens

from children consulting Williamsville area

Public Health Center for acute diarrhea. Out of

the 103 analyzed samples by RT-PCR, 37 were

positive. The G1, G2, G3 and G4 genotypes were

detected in the VP 7 gene. The genotyping of the

VP4 gene showed only P [8] and P [4]. The

combination of the two kinds of genotypes gave

P [8] G1, P [8] G3, P [8] G4 and P [4] G2.

Finally, we conclude that the genotype pattern is

usual enough to permit the efficiency of the new

vaccines.

COI-13 : Évaluation de l’Activité

Antifongique de la Pierre d’Alun Comparée

avec l’Activité Antifongique du Bicarbonate

de Soude et de l’Héxetidine sur les Levures de

Candida

Dahmane .1, Khayar Y.2, Elygoubi M.2,

Cherrah Y.1, Ait El Cadi M.1

1. Laboratoire de Pharmacologie et de

Toxicologie, Faculté de Médecine et de

Pharmacie, Rabat, Université Mohammed V,

Maroc

2. Laboratoire de Parasitologie, Faculté de

Médecine et de Pharmacie, Université

Mohammed V, Rabat, Maroc


[email protected]

Abstract

Les champignons sont parmi les causes les plus

importantes d’infections aigües ou chroniques

profondes, chez l’Homme, en particulier, sur les

muqueuses buccales, qui peuvent être graves,

chez les individus affaiblies ou

immunodéprimées. Le traitement de ces

candidoses fait appel à plusieurs médicaments

antifongiques, et, en complément, à des bains de

bouche. Les soins les plus long et le manque de

disponibilité des médicaments pour leur

traitement encouragent en permanence la

recherche alternative et nous ont amenés à les

trouver parmi les thérapies traditionnelles, avec

un faible coût et une faible toxicité. La pierre

d’alun est parmi les produits naturels utilisés,

depuis l’antiquité, en médecine traditionnelle

marocaine, pour réduire la plaque dentaire,

soigner les inflammations gingivales ou les caries

dentaires.




L’objectif de ce travail est d’étudier la

composition chimique de la pierre d’alun et

évaluer in vitro son efficacité contre les levures

de Candida.

Ainsi, à partir des prélèvements buccales, les

souches de Candida sp. isolées chez les patients

externes ou hospitalisés, au niveau de LCPM

CHIS, à Rabat, sont mises mises en culture et

identifiées. On a réalisé des dilutions de l’alun,

en milieu gélosé de Sabouraud additionné de

Chloramphénicol (250, 500,1000, 5000, 10000

PPM), afin de déterminer la concentration

inhibitrice des candidoses. On a évalué l’activité

antifongique de l’alun, par comparaison avec

celle du bicarbonate de soude et de l’Héxétidine

utilisé en médecine dentaire.

L’activité antifongique de l’alun est observée à

une concentration de 5000 PPM, par rapport à la

concentration inhibitrice du bicarbonate de soude

(9000 PPM) et à la concentration inhibitrice de

l'Héxétidine (10000 PPM).

La pierre d’alun a un effet antifongique sur des

différentes levures de Candida, ce qui révèle

qu’elle pourrait être utilisée comme un

antifongique naturel, pour le traitement des

maladies parodontales et autres pathologies

induites par cette levure.

Keywords : alun, activité antifongique, Candida

spp, bicarbonate de soude, Héxétidine

COI-14 : Putting Viruses to Work for Cancer

Diagnostics

Olagata A.1, Briggs J.3, Schlegel S.3, Mohan

K.1, Edgar J.3, Majumdar S.1, Chee S.1, Penner

R.M.1, Weiss G.A.1,2

1. Department of Chemistry, University of

California, Irvine, USA

2. Department of Molecular Biology &

Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine,

USA

3. Department of PhageTech, Irvine, USA


Abstract

Testing patient samples for disease diagnosis

could be more rapid, routine and robust, if

bacteriophage could replace antibodies for the

recognition of disease biomarkers.

Towards this goal, we directly wire

bacteriophage (phage) tailored to recognize

cancer biomarkers into electronic circuits. Phage-

displayed protein libraries provide vast diversity

for the recognition of biomarkers of disease.

Thus, from a vast library of peptides displayed on

the phage surface, phage with high affinity and

specificity for target biomarkers were selected.

Further optimization of phage binding applied

homolog shotgun scanning libraries, an approach

analogous to medicinal chemistry. Then,

synthetic chemistry was used to alter the viral

surface, improving its affinity through

incorporation of additional ligands and

engineering of the geometries of scaffolds used

for peptide presentation on the phage surface. We

demonstrated sensitive detection of prostate

cancer biomarkers in artificial and natural urine.

In addition, further engineering of the display

scaffold and chemically synthesized wrappers

allowed suppression of non-specific binding to

prostate cancer cells, a daunting challenge for the

very sticky phage surfaces.

In summary, phage offer an excellent platform

for the recognition of cancer biomarkers in

biological samples. In addition, the robustness

and ease of their production make phage

attractive replacements for conventional

antibodies.

COI-15 : Pre Administration of Curcumin

Prevents Hyper Homo Cysteinemia In

Ethanol Induced Gastric Ulcer

Jiha H., Tay E.A.*, El-Bana M.

Faculty of Science Cairo University, Zoology

Department, Faculty of Science Cairo University

Giza

*Correponding E-mail : [email protected]

Abstract

Curcumin is a protype natural product that has

been widely recognized as an antioxidant and

anti-inflammatory agent.





In this study, we aimed to evaluate the potential

role of curcumin supplementation in attenuating

the aggressive effect of alcohol in experimental

induced gastric ulcer.

Forty male albino rats weighing 150-180 g were

classified into four groups including control,

curcumin, ethanol and treated groups. Oxidant

and antioxidant parameters were estimated, liver

and kidney function were measured, tumor

necrosis factor-a (TNF-a) was determined by

ELISA and homocysteine was estimated by

HPLC, using reversed phase column and UV

detector at 260 nm.

Stomach malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitric

oxide (NO) levels were significantly increased by

ethanol consumption compared to control group,

beside the reduction of reduced glutathione

(GSH) and the elevation of homocysteine and

TNF-a.

Whereas, pretreatment of curcumin prevented the

hypercysteinemia and the elevation of TNFa

resulting in a depletion of gastric ulcer.

We concluded that curcumin is considered a

promising supplement in attenuating gastric ulcer

through its important role in depletion of

oxidative stress as well as inflammatory action.

Keywords : Gastric ulcer, curcumin,

hyperhomocysteinemia, HPLC, ethanol

COI-16 : In vitro anticancer activity of

Euphorbia echinus extract

Sbayou H1, Gür H2, Özen F2, Buşra Işik F3,

Amghar F4, Elharti A4, Konuk M3, Atasever

Arslan B 3

1: Laboratory of Agrofood and Health, Faculty of

sciences and technologies, Hassan 1st University,

Settat, Morocco.

2: Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of

Engineering and Natural Sciences, Üsküdar

University, Istanbul, Turkey.

3: Department of Molecular Biology and

Genetics, Faculty of Engineering and Natural

Sciences, Üsküdar University, Istanbul, Turkey.

4: Laboratory of improved soil productivity and

environment, Higher Normal School,

Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco.

Abstract

Cancer is one of the major causes of death

worldwide. Therefore, the search for novel

anticancer drugs with new mechanisms of action

is essential for future chemotherapeutic

treatment.

Natural products have historically played an

important role in the development of anticancer

drugs. Euphorbia echinus is a native plant from

south Morocco, popularly called “Daghmous”,

and widely used to dissolve cysts. It is also a

hypoglycemic, anti-inflammatory, laxative, as

well as curing for many others remedies.

However, up to now, no anticancer study of

Euphorbia echinus has ever been performed.

In this context, the aim of this work was to study

cytotoxic effects of Euphorbia echinus extract

against HL60 (human promyelocytic leukemia

cell line), K562 (human chronic myeloid

leukemia cell line), Ishikawa (human endometrial

adenocarcinoma cell line) and SH-SY5Y (human

neuroblastoma cell line) by MTT test. This assay

is based on the metabolic reduction of soluble

MTT by mitochondrial enzyme activity of viable

tumor cells, into an insoluble colored formazon

product, which can be measured

spectrophotometrically after dissolving in

dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) [1]. ECV304 (human

umbilical vein endothelia cell line) was used as

non cancerous cellular control.

The Euphorbia echinus extract was found to be

highly cytotoxic against HL60 and K562

(approximately 80% cytotoxicity). Moreover,

Euphorbia echinus extract has proliferative effect

on ECV304 human endothelial cells. Our results

suggest that Euphorbia echinus may have

anticancer potential against human leukemia

cells.

Keywords: Anticancer activity - Euphorbia

echinus - Cytotoxicity – MTT test

[1]: Carmichael J, DeGraff WG, Gazdar AF,

Minna JD, Mitchell JB.Evaluation of a

tetrazolium-based semiautomated colorimetric

assay: assessment of radiosensitivity.Cancer Res.

1987;47(4):943-6.


Oral Communication : Theme II


COII-1 : Pathogenesis and Tissue Distribution

of Moroccan Avian Infectious Bronchitis

Virus Strains (Italy02 genotype) in

Experimentally Infected Broiler Chickens

Khataby K.1,2*, Kichou F.3, Loutfi C.2, Ennaji

M.M.1*

1. Laboratory of Virology, Microbiology,

Quality, Biotechnologies, Ecotoxicology and

Biodiversity, Faculty of Sciences and

Techniques, University Hassan II, Mohammedia,

Morocco

2. Society Biopharma, Rabat, Morocco

3. Agronomic and Veterinary Institute Hassan II,

Rabat, Morocco

*Corresponding E-mail : [email protected]/

[email protected]

Abstract

Avian infectious bronchitis (IB) is one of the

most important viral diseases of poultry, affecting

chickens of all ages and causing major economic

losses in poultry flocks. Mass vaccination is

conducted, in Morocco, using a vaccine against

Massachusetts which is the most dominant

serotype. However no information about the

pathogenesis and tissue distribution of the

Moroccan Italy02 genotype was reported.

Thus, 40 one-day-old specific pathogen free

chickens were divided randomly into four groups.

Group1, 2 and 3 were inoculated intra-oculo

nasally, with 103.5 EID50 of Italy02 viruses and

group 4 was kept as control. Chickens, in each

group, were monitored for 14 days post-infection

(pi).

Chickens, in all infected groups, showed severe

respiratory signs which most of them have been

reproduced on 2dpi, with varying times of

appearance and disappearance. The infected birds

appeared lethargic, reluctant to move, with

specific respiratory clinical signs and

macroscopic lesions. However, no nephritis

lesions or mortality were recorded in all groups.

The specific histological lesions, finding in all

infected birds, exhibited tracheal lesions, with

mucosal thickening, hyperplasia of the surface

epithelium and mononuclear inflammatory cell

infiltrate of lamina propria. Primary and

secondary bronchi, epithelial hyperplasia and

mononuclear inflammatory cell infiltrate of the

lamina propria were also observed. Tracheal

lesions, developed in all infected birds, confirm

the ability of the three tested strains to induce

respiratory disease.

The results at 14 dpi also revealed that all strains

were able to induce serological response. Virus

re-isolation from infected organs and

amplification of the viral RNA by real-time PCR

proved the presence of the virus in lung and

trachea of infected chicks. Neither re-isolation

nor significant viral RNA detection were detected

in the kidney.

The results demonstrated that the three strains

Italy02 genotype emerging in Moroccan poultry

farms have a wide distribution for respiratory

system, without kidney damage and without

causing mortality.

Keywords : infectious bronchitis virus (IBV),

Italy 02, clinical scoring, pathogenecity

COII-2 : Evaluation of the Safety and Efficacy

of a Live Attenuated Thermostable Rift Valley

Fever Vaccine in Sheep, Goats, Cattle and

Camels

Daouam S.1.3*, Ghzal F.2, Arkam A.E.1, Naouli

Y.2, Jazouli M.2, Ennaji M.M.3, Tadlaoui

K.O.1, Oura C.4, Elharrak M.1

1. Research and Development Virology, Multi-

Chemical Industry, Casablanca, Morocco

2. Laboratory of Quality Control, Multi-Chemical

Industry, Casablanca, Morocco

3. Laboratory of Virology, Hygiene &

Microbiology, Faculty of Sciences and Technics,

Mohammedia, Morocco

4. School of Veterinary Medicine, University of

the West Indies, Trinidad and Tobago, India


[email protected]

Rift valley fever (RVF) is a vector-borne

zoonotic disease causing huge economic loses in

livestock (ruminants and camels) and human

fatalities. The disease is endemic in most Sub-

Saharan African countries, including West

Africa, and has been present in the Middle East

since 2010. Vaccination is considered to be the



Oral Communication: Theme II


most effective way to prevent and control the

expansion of the disease. The available

attenuated vaccines for RVF cause abortions and

teratogenic effects (Smithburn strain vaccine) or

are thermolabile (CL13 strain vaccine). This

study therefore set out to develop a safe and

effective thermostable live attenuated RVF

vaccine.

The existing CL13 vaccine, which is a naturally

attenuated strain, was made thermostable through

three cycles of heating (+56°C) and selection.

The resulting candidate vaccine (CL13T) was

stable at +4°C, for 20 months, and shows

significantly improved levels of thermostability

over the existing CL13 vaccine. A pilot batch of

the CL13T vaccine was produced and tested for

safety and efficacy in cattle, sheep, goats and

camels.

The vaccine was found to be safe, with no

clinical signs or side effects observed in

vaccinated animals, and there was no evidence

for circulation of the virus in the blood of animals

after vaccination. Immunogenicity was tested by

neutralizing antibodies detection and good levels

of antibodies were detected for a minimum of

one year, in all animal species.

This new thermostable vaccine could represent

an efficient tool for the control of Rift Valley

Fever in endemic countries. The vaccine also has

the potential to be used, along with an

appropriate diagnostic test, to differentiate

vaccinated from infected animals (DIVA).

Keywords : Rift Valley Fever, thermostable

Clone 13 vaccine, sheep, goats, cattle, camels

COII-3 : Control of Peste des Petits

Ruminants

Fakri F.Z.1,2*, Embarki T.1, Parida S.3,

Bamouh Z.1, Tadlaoui K.1, BU Z.4, Richardson

C.5, Fassi-Fihri O.2, Elharrak M.1

1. Multi-Chemical Industry Santé Animale,

Mohammedia, Morocco

2. Institut Agronomique et Vétérinaire Hassan II,

Rabat, Morocco

3. The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright, Surrey, GU

24 0NF, United Kingdom

4. Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, China

5. IWK Health Centre, Canadian Center for

Vaccinology, Department of Microbiology and

Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax,

Canada

*Corresponding E-mail : fz.fakri@mci-

santeanimale.com

Abstract

Peste des Petits Ruminants (PPR) and sheep/goat

pox (SGP) are the most contagious diseases of

small ruminants throughout Africa and Asia.

Different types of vaccine could be proposed

depending to the epidemiological situation : live

attenuated, inactivated or recombinant vaccine.

Dual vaccination against both diseases in one

shot is possible using a combined live attenuated

vaccine or a Poxvirus recombinant PPR vaccine.

A combined (Nigeria 75PPR and sheeppox

Romania strains) live vaccine was developed and

tested together with a recombinant vaccine

(goatpox virus expressing H and F proteins of

PPRV) and an inactivated vaccine. Safety and

efficacy were evaluated on goats and sheep, goats

were challenged by PPR and sheep by SP

virulent strains.

The combined and recombinant vaccine confers a

good protection against both PPR and SGP

infections. The combined vaccine was used in the

field in Morocco and in some African countries

with good safety and precocious immunogenicity

against both diseases.

The combined and recombinant vaccine could be

used for vaccination campaigns to protect small

ruminants in one shot against two major diseases.

The live combined vaccine is cheap and efficient,

the recombinant vaccine has a potential to be

used, along with an appropriate diagnostic test, to

differentiate vaccinated from infected animals

(DIVA), but vaccination may request a double

injection. The inactivated vaccine is also an

option for countries or zones free from PPR.

Keywords : peste des petits ruminants, sheep

pox, combined vaccine, recombinant vaccine

COII-4 : Tuberculosis in Eurasian wild boar

(Sus scrofa) from Morocco




El Mrini M.1*, Kichou F.1, Kadiri A.1, Berrada

J.1, Bouslikhane M.1, Cordonnier N.2, Romero

B.3., Gortázar C.4

1. Hassan II Institute of Agronomy and

Veterinary Medicine, Rabat, Morocco

2. École Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort, Maisons-

Alfort, France

3. Centro de Vigilancia Sanitaria Veterinaria,

Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain

4. SaBio IREC Universidad de Castilla La

Mancha, Ciudad Real, Spain

*Corresponding E-mail:

[email protected]

Abstract

Wild boars (Sus scrofa) are widespread in the

northern third of Morocco. We aimed to

investigate the presence of tuberculosis in wild

boars and to generate information on the possible

host status in this region.

Mycobacterium bovis was isolated in

mycobacteriological cultures from six of 43 wild

boars. Culture-positive samples yielded

spoligotype number SB1627. A 60% of lung

tissue specimens or tracheobronchial lymph node

samples yielded positive culture. Two thirds

(64%) of the wild boar submitted for

histopathology revealed tuberculosis-compatible

lesions. These lesions were particularly frequent

in lymph nodes (63%) and in lung tissue samples

(43%). Ziehl-Neelsen staining did not identify

acid-fast bacilli, indicating paucibacillary

infections.

Our results confirm the presence of

Mycobacterium tuberculosis Complex (MTC)

infection in Moroccan wild boar. However, our

information was limited to only 43 wild boars

from one specific region. Thus, further research

is needed to assess the host status of wild boar, in

Morocco.

Keywords : Tuberculosis, Sus scrofa, Morocco

COII-5 : Development of One Step TaqMan-

MGB Real Time RT-PCR Assay for Rapid

Detection and Discrimination of Infectious

Bursal Disease Virus

Cheggag M.1, Zro K.2, Sebbar G.2, Mouahid

M.3, Elhouadfi M.1, Kichou F.1

1. Hassan 2nd Institute of Agronomy and

Veterinary Medicine, Rabat, Morocco

2. Biopharma, Rabat, Morocco

3. Dr Mouahid’s Veterinary Clinic, Temara,

Morocco

Abstract

Infectious bursal disease (IBD) is an important

contagious viral infection of the immune system

of poultry. It is caused by a member of the

Avibirnavirusgenus within the family of

Birnaviridae. This infection constitutes a

permanent threat to the profitability of the

Moroccan poultry sector despite the use of

various types of commercially available vaccines.

PCR is an important and rapid tool for the

diagnosis of IBD. TaqMan-Minor Groove-

Binding (MGB) real-time RT-PCR two step

assay developed by Gonzalo et al., (2012) is a

practical tool for differentiating between very

virulent (vv) and non-vv (classic and variant)

IBDV strains infection in poultry.

The aim of this work was to modify and develop

TaqMan-MGB real-time RT-PCR in one step

using a TaqMan labeled probe (two fluorogenic)

for the detection of infectious bursal disease

virus.

In order to perform the test, D78 vaccine strains

of IBDV versus a local Moroccan vv strain of

IBDV (T=105.5 DICT50.mL-1) were used. The

primers and probe used for real time RT-PCR

amplification of IBDV were carried out with the

VP5/VP2 overlapping region of segment A

developed 5Gonzalo Tomás et al, 2012). The

amplification reaction was run in two stages. In

the first stage, reverse transcription (RT) was

performed on RNA producing complementary

DNA (cDNA) by the activity of reverse

transcriptase and in the second one, the cDNA

obtained was amplified by PCR under the activity

of the DNA polymerase. Both enzymatic

reactions were carried out successively in a single

tube at a real-time machine instead of the RT in a

tube and recovered cDNA and subsequently

moved to its amplification. The resulting run

allowed to reduce the temperature cycle time

from 6 hours to 47 min. The specificity of the

IBDV assay was tested with RNA from

infectious bronchitis virus, Newcastle disease

virus and avian influenza virus. The sensitivity




was determined using dilutions of the D78 RNA

genome. The assay demonstrated a wide dynamic

range, between10-4,0 PFU to 10-1.0 RNA copies.

The method developed here was validated for

specificity, linearity, repeatability, sensitivity,

reproducibility and limit of detection. It allowed

greatly reducing the test running time by 6 folds.

The validation results satisfied the predetermined

acceptance criteria and suggest that the assay

developed here is a useful tool for the very rapid

diagnosis of IBDV and to detect and discriminate

in one step very virulent (vv) from non-vv

(classic and variant) IBDV strains infection in

poultry.

Keywords : infectious bursal disease virus,

chickens, rapid diagnosis tests, RT-PCR

COII-6 : Comparative Innocuity and Efficacy

of Live and Inactivated Sheep pox Vaccines

Hamdi J.1*, Boumart Z.1, Daouam S.1,

Belkourati I.1, Rafie L.1, Tuppurainen E.2,

Omari Tadlaoui K.1, El Harrak M.1

1. Multi-Chemical Industry, Mohammedia,

Morocco

2. ExCapripoxvirus Reference Laboratory, The

Pirbright Institute, Pirbright, United Kingdom


[email protected]

Abstract

Sheep pox (SPP) is one of the priorities, high-

impact animal diseases in many developing

countries, where live attenuated vaccines are

routinely used against sheeppox virus (SPPV). In

an event of an SPP outbreak, historically disease-

free countries would hesitate to use of live

vaccines against SPPV, due to the safety and

trade reasons. Currently no killed SPPV vaccines

are commercially available.

In this study, we developed an inactivated

Romanian SPPV vaccine and assessed its

efficacy and potency in comparison with a live

attenuated Romanian SPPV vaccine.

Four naïve sheep were vaccinated once with the

Romanian SPPV live attenuated vaccine and16

sheep were vaccinated twice with the inactivated

vaccine. All sheep in the live vaccine group were

included in the challenge trial which was

conducted using a highly virulent Moroccan

SPPV field strain. Eight sheep of the inactivated

vaccine group were challenged and the remaining

sheep were monitored for seroconversion.

Experimental animals were closely monitored for

the appearance of clinical signs, body

temperature and inflammation at the injection

site. Two naïve sheep were used as unvaccinated

controls.

The inactivated Romanian SPPV vaccine was

found to be safe and confer a good protection,

similar to the live vaccine. Specific antibodies

appeared from seven days post vaccination and

remained up to nine months.

This study showed that the developed inactivated

Romanian SPPV vaccine has a potential to

replace attenuated vaccine to control and prevent

sheep pox in disease-free or endemic countries.

Keywords : Sheep pox, Romanian strain,

inactivated vaccine, efficacy, potency

COII-7 : Étude Comparative de la

Pathogénécité des Souches Marocaines du

Virus de la Clavelée

Hajjou S.1, Amghar S.1, Fakiri M.1, El Harrak

M.2, Loutfi C.2

1. Laboratoire de génétique-biotechnologie-

immunologie, Université Hassan 1er, Faculté des

Sciences et Techniques, Settat, Maroc

2. Laboratoire Biopharma, Rabat, Maroc

Abstract

L’objectif de l’étude est de déterminer et de

choisir une souche d’épreuve pour le contrôle des

vaccins produits contre la clavelée. Toutes les

souches testées, pour réaliser cette étude, étaient

d’origine marocaine (n=5) : deux souches

d’Oujda, une de Berkane, une de Taounate et une

souche d’Azilal. Afin d’étudier le pouvoir

pathogène de ces souches, plusieurs tests ont été

réalisés : passage et titrage sur culture cellulaire

de coeur d’agneau, inoculation expérimentale sur

les moutons suivie du titrage in vivo et titrage par

PCR en temps réel, et, enfin, une séro-

neutralisation.





Parmi les 5 souches marocaines étudiées, c’est la

souche de Berkane qui a présenté le pouvoir

pathogène le plus élevé. Les souches d’Oujda et

de Berkane ont montré les mêmes signes

cliniques résultants de l’infection expérimentale

des mêmes souches, avec des titres infectieux

élevés, surtout pour la souche de Berkane. La

séro-neutralisation a montré la présence

d’anticorps anti clavelée le 7ème jour qui suit

l’infection. Dès le 10 ème jour, l’ensemble des

animaux inoculés ont montré une séroconversion,

avec des titres représentatifs, pour la souche de

Berkane. La souche de Berkane semble être la

plus pathogène parmi les souches testées. Elle

peut représenter une excellente souche d’épreuve

pour le contrôle des vaccins destinés contre la

clavelée.

Keywords : clavelée, souches (isolats), PCR,

titrage, séro-neutralisation

COII-8 : Comparison of Virological and

Serological Findings on Moroccan Bluetongue

Virus 1 and 4 Infected Sheep

Drif K.1, Loutfi C.2, Sebbar G.2, Fassi Fihri

O.1, Elharrak M.2

1. Département de Microbiologie, Immunologie

et Maladies Infectieuse, Institut Agronomique et

Vétérinaire Hassan II, Rabat, Morocco

2. Laboratoire de virologie, Société Biopharma,

Rabat Morocco

Abstract

The bluetongue (BT) virus has been reported, in

Morocco, since 2004. To investigate the

involvement of BTV 1 and BTV4 infections, on

immunity of sheep, and to provide a basis for

interpretation of serological and virological data,

experimental infections were conducted with

BTV-1 and BTV-4 strains.

Antibody responses to BTV infections were

evaluated using two enzyme-linked

immunosorbent assays and microtiter serum

neutralization tests (mSNTs), in addition, to

virological monitoring based on RT-PCR.

Large variation was observed between the three

groups, in clinical signs, showed variation in

immune responses between animals.

Viremia for BT virus was readily detected, in

sheep, following BTV-1 infection, but, was not

detected following exposure to BTV-4, in group

B and group C.

The high manifestation of clinical signs caused

by BTV1 serotype compared to those caused by

BTV4 could likely be due to BTV strains

antigenicity and could probably be responsible in

suppressing or manifesting BT symptoms and

viremia for this serotype.

Keywords : bluetongue virus, immunity, sheep,

clinical signs, RT-PCR, viremia

COII-9 : Isolation and Identification of

Pasteurella Respiratory Infected Ruminants in

Morocco

Sebbar G.1,2, Zro K.1, Belkadi B.2, Fillali

Maltouf A.2

1. Laboratoire Biopharma, Rabat, Morocco

2. Faculty of Science, University Mohammed V,

Rabat, Morocco

Abstract

Pasteurellossis species (Pasteurella trehalosi and

Mannheimia haemolytica) are regarded as the

main pathogens responsible for the acute

respiratory tract infection, in ruminant livestock,

by causing an economic loss in ruminant around

the world. In Morocco, very little data is

available regarding the inference of these species

in such infections. Therefore, our objective is to

check whether these species are implicated in

respiratory infections and if so, to determine the

serotypes incriminated in their clinical

expression.

Thus, 25 samples were collected from infected

bovines and screened with a highly sensitive real

time PCR technique. All positive samples were

subjected to culture on Petri plate containing agar

base supplemented with 5% sheep blood and

identified using biochemical AIP20E, biological

(Mac Conkey selective medium) and microscopic

(gram’s staining) investigations.

The preliminary results demonstrated that a

percentage of 20 positive samples were found for

Pasteurella trehalosi. The mean Ct value of 32




was determined by molecular analyses.

Haemolytica species were not detected in any

sample. These data, while limited on a very slight

number of samples, are encouraging and we need

to extend the study and confirm the outcome.

Keywords : Morocco, ruminants, respiratory

infections, P. trehalosi, M. haemolytica

COII-10 : Thermal Stability Study of Five

Newcastle Disease Attenuated Vaccine

Strains

Boumart Z.1*, Hamdi J.1, Daouam S.1,

Elarkam A.1, Omari Tadlaoui K.1, Harrak M.1

1. Research and Development Dpt, Multi-

Chemical Industry, Mohammedia, Morocco

*Corresponding E-mail : z.boumart@mci-

santeanimale.com

Abstract

Newcastle Disease (ND) is of big concern,

throughout the world, because of the devastating

losses that can occur on commercial and

backyard poultry. The major problem, in many

countries, is the loss of the vaccines effectiveness

due to inadequate use or storage conditions,

mainly in hot climates.

In the present study, the stability of 5 most used

NDV vaccine strains (I-2, La Sota, B1, Clone 30

and VG-GA) was tested, comparatively for

stability, at different storage temperatures. The

vaccine stability was evaluated by the cumulative

infectious titer drop and the theoretical shelf life

at +4°C and +37°C, for freeze-dried form and

+4°C, +24°C, +37°C and +45°C, for the vaccine

reconstituted, in the diluents.

Results showed that I-2 and La Sota are the most

stable vaccine strains, compared to B1, C30 and

VG-GA. They registered the lowest titer drops

and the longest shelf life whether at cool, high or

room temperatures, for both freeze-dried and

reconstituted vaccines.

Our study showed that I-2 and La Sota strains are

the most robust vaccines, the ones that could

resist to high temperatures and could be

advantageously, used in the rural areas and

tropical or subtropical countries.

Keywords : poultry, vaccine, Newcastle,

temperature, stability, infectious titer

COI-11 : Culture, Identification et Profil

de Sensibilité des Escherichia Coli en

Pathologie Aviaire : Étude Rétrospective

2013-2014-2015

Boughribil S.1, Salek M.2, Aoussar S.1, Ennaji

M.M.1

1. Laboratoire Virologie Microbiologie et Qualité

et Biotechnologies / Eco-toxicologie et

Biodiversité, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques,

Université Hassan II, Mohammedia, Maroc

2. Cabinet Vétérinaire Aviaire DIAVET,

Mohammedia, Maroc

Abstract

La colibacillose aviaire a toujours représenté une

pathologie importante, dans les élevages avicoles,

causée par E. Coli qui est un agent de

surinfection et un hôte commensal du tractus

digestif et respiratoire de la volaille par

excellence. Elle est la principale cause de grosses

pertes économiques, dans le secteur avicole.

Ce travail a porté sur la réalisation d’une étude

rétrospective, sur un total de 648 échantillons

isolés, durant les années de 2013, 2014 et

2015, pour détecter et comparer les taux

d’infections à E. Coli. Les souches isolées sur la

gélose au sang et sur le milieu Drygalski ont subi

des identifications morphologiques, la coloration

de Gram, des tests biochimiques, antigéniques et

un antibiogramme.

Les résultats ont montré qu’il y a une une pré-

dominance des infections causées par E.Coli, par

rapport aux autres infections bactériennes. Le

taux des infections causées par E.coli a subi une

réduction en passant de 87% en 2013 à 60% en

2015. Par contre, le taux des autres infections

bactériennes a enregistré une augmentation de

13%, en 2013, à 40%, en 2015. La prévalence du

sérotype non typable (NT) a enregistré un taux

supérieur (60%) par rapport aux autres sérotypes

O78K80 (35%), O2K1 (8%) et O1K1 (3%). Les

fluctuations des taux de chaque sérotype, au

cours des trois années d’études, sont très faibles.






Nos résultats montrent que la souche étudiée

d’Escherichia coli est sensible à la colistine

(99%) par rapport à la florfénicol (67%) et aux

triméthoprimes (60%). Mais, elle a montré une

résistance à la fluméquine (80%) et à la

tétracycline (71%).

Enfin, il serait intéressant de faire des études pour

stopper la prolifération de ces nouvelles

infections bactériennes qui peuvent menacer,

avec le temps, toute la culture aviaire.

Mots Clés : colibacillose, Escherichia coli,

autres infections bactériennes, aviculture et

antibiotiques

COII-12 : Study of the Effectiveness of

Ovipox Vaccine Against a Wild Strain of

Sheep pox in Morocco

Lafar S.1,2*, Zro K.2*, EnnajiM.M.1*

1. Laboratory of Microbiology, Virology and

Quality, Eco-Toxicology and Biodiversity,

Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences and

Technologies, Hassan II University,

Mohammedia, Morocco

2. Laboratory of Diagnostic, Research and

Development, Biopharma, Rabat, Morocco

*Corresponding E-mail : [email protected] /

[email protected] / [email protected].

Abstract

Sheep pox is an infectious viral disease, highly

contagious, caused by the Sheep pox virus which

belongs to Capripoxvirusgenus of

Poxviridaefamily that specifically affects sheep.

The disease is characterized by the appearance of

nodules or vesicles on the skin and lungs that can

cause death, especially to young animals. In

Morocco, despite prophylactic actions based on

mass vaccination, Sheep pox was declared in all

regions of the kingdom, thus affecting the

development of sheep sector in our country.

The objective of this work is to evaluate the

protection conferred by the Ovipox vaccine as a

live attenuated vaccine, used in prophylactic

campaigns, against a local strain isolated, in

2010, responsible for the nodular form described

for the first time, in Morocco.

Thus, the experimental approach is based on the

calculation of protection index described by the

OIE, as the logarithmic difference of 2 viral titers

of controlled and vaccinated animals that should

be positively correlated with protection.

Secondarily, the realization of a clinical

monitoring based on recording the body

temperature and the clinical signs observed on

tested animals after the inoculation of the

challenge strain.

Keywords : Sheep pox, Capripoxvirus, vaccine,

protection, sheep, Morocco


Oral Communication: Theme III


COIII-1 : Microbe Assisted

Phytoremediation of Metal Polluted Salt

Marshes Using Halophytes and Plant

Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria

Paredes Páliz K.1, Mateos-Naranjo E.2,

Rodríguez-Vázquez R.1, Doukkali B.1, M.A.

Caviedes1, Rodríguez-Llorente I.D.1, Pajuelo

E.1

1. Departamento de Microbiología y

Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad

de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain.

2. Departamento de Biología Vegetal y Ecología,

Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla,

Sevilla, Spain.

Abstract

Metal contamination of estuarine systems is a

severe environmental problem. In the last decade,

phytoremediation with halophyte plants and

metal resistant rhizobacteria is gaining

momentum. The aim of our work was the

isolation and characterization of bacteria from the

rhizosphere of Spartina maritima in the polluted

Odiel estuary (Huelva, SW Spain) with potential

in phytoremediation.

Metal resistance, metal biosorption, plant growth

promoting properties and biofilms formation

were analyzed in the bacterial collection.

Selected strains were identified and proposed as

an inoculant for halophyte plants. The effect of

inoculation on seed germination, plant growth

and physiology, oxidative stress and metal

accumulation has been addressed.

P. agglomerans RSO6 and RSO7, together with

Bacillus aryabhattai RSO25, were selected

among 25 initial isolates on the basis of

resistance towards metals, bioaccumulation,

PGPR properties and the capacity to form

biofilms. Inoculation of Spartina densiflora seeds

with RSO6 and RSO7 enhanced germination by

300% in polluted sediments, whereas RSO25

increased germination by 200% with regard to

non-inoculated controls. The consortium of the

three bacteria did not achieve further

improvements on seed germination. Both

Pantoea agglomerans RSO6 and RSO7 and also

Bacillus aryabhattai RSO25 promoted plant

growth under metal stress. However, whereas the

formers did not significantly affected metal

accumulation in plant tissues, the latest increased

metal accumulation only in roots, thus preventing

metal the transfer into the food chain. The three

bacterial strains diminished the oxidative stress

caused by metals, as revealed from determination

of antioxidant enzymatic activities and the level

of expression of genes related to stress.

Our results represent a novel contribution to the

design of phytoremediation strategies for polluted

salt marshes, aimed to phytostabilize metals and

to prevent the risk of metal mobilization to the

food chain and the environment.

Keywords : halophytes, Spartina maritima,

Spartina densiflora, heavy metal pollution,

PGPR, phytoremediation

COIII-2 : Isolement et Identification des

Bactéries Tolérantes aux Métaux : Rôle

Possible pour la Bioremédiation

Nouri M.1, Marques C.2, Santos S.2, Mendo S.2,

Sousa J.P.3, Gonçalves F.2, Römbke J.4, Ksibi

M.5, Pereira R.6, Haddioui A.1

1. Laboratoire de Gestion et Valorisation des

Ressources Naturelles, Faculté des Sciences et

Techniques, Université Sultan Moulay Slimane,

Béni-Mellal, Maroc

2. CESAM et Département de Biologie,

Université d'Aveiro, Campus Universitaire de

Santiago, Aveiro, Portugal

3. RAMI-CMA, Département des Sciences de la

Vie, Université de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal

4. ECT Oekotoxikologie GmbH, Flörsheim,

Allemagne

5. Laboratoire Eau, Énergie et Environnement,

Université de Sfax, Tunisie

6. CESAM et Département de Biologie, Faculté

de Sciences, Université de Porto, Porto, Portugal

Abstract

Aujourd’hui, la pollution par les métaux lourds

utilisés dans de nombreuses applications telles

que l’industrialisation a des impacts très néfastes

sur l’environnement et la santé de la population.

De nombreux pays, partout dans le monde,

recherchent des moyens, pour sauver

l’environnement qui ne cesse de se détériorer.


Oral Communication : Theme III


Nous avons étudié la diversité génétique et

taxonomique des bactéries cultivables, par des

techniques d'empreintes génétique PCR et un

séquençage du gène ARNr 16S. Dans cette étude,

nous avons effectué l'analyse phylogénétique des

bactéries cultivables du sol contaminé de la mine

de fer d’Ait Ammar (région d’Oued Zem), en

utilisant des séquences partielles de l'ARNr 16S

(ADNr 16S). Un total de 73 souches de bactéries

endophytes et rhizoplanes ont été caractérisées

génotypiquement (BOX-PCR, ERIC-PCR et

séquençage de l'ADNr 16S).

Les échantillons du sol contienent de fortes

concentrations variant de 14620 à 435490 mg Fe

kg-1, de 270 à 9200 mg P kg-1, de 50,96 à 222,16

mg Cr kg-1, de 22,25 à 153,3 mg Zn kg-1, de

14,35 à 99,60 mg Cu kg -1, de 0,62 à 34,56 mg Pb

kg-1 et de 0,37 à 20,4 mg Cd kg-1, respectivement.

La comparaison de nos séquences de clones avec

ceux de la base de données GenBank, seulement

23 clones affichent grande similitude avec des

bactéries connues.

Mots Clés : séquençage, bioremédiation, mine de

fer, ADNr 16S, Ait Ammar

COIII-3 : Dépollution des Solutions Aqueuses

Riches en Chrome par le Biofilm de la Souche

Wickerhamomyces anomalus Formé sur les

Déchets du Bois

Asri M.1, Elabed S.1,3, El Ghachtouli N.3, Costa

F.2, Silva B.2, Tavares T.2

1. Laboratoire de Biotechnologie Microbienne,

Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université

Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah, Fès, Maroc

2. Centre of Biological Engineering, Institute for

Biotechnology and Bioengineering, University of

Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga, Portugal

3. Centre Universitaire Régional d’Interface,

Université Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah, Fès,

Maroc

Abstract

Afin de développer un nouveau bioprocédé basé

sur des microorganismes en biofilm, pour le

traitement des eaux usées riches en chrome, ce

travail a pour but l’optimisation du pouvoir

dépolluant du biofilm formé par la souche de

levure Wickerhamomyces anomalus sur les

déchets du bois. Cette souche a été préalablement

isolée à partir d’un site contaminé de la ville de

Fès et a montré un grand pouvoir dépolluant du

Cr (VI). L’optimisation a été réalisée en culture

batch par « central composite design" (CCD). Les

paramètres étudiés sont le pH du milieu (2-8), la

concentration initiale de chrome (10-100 mg.L-1),

la dose en support (0.5 g.L-1-10g.L-1), la

concentration en biomasse (1-5 g.L-1). Les

réponses du plan d’expériences sont la réduction

du chrome (VI) et la dépollution du chrome total.

Les résultats indique que le modèle est adéquat,

avec une valeur très satisfaisante R2 (0,925) pour

la réduction du chrome (VI) et (0,913) pour la

dépollution du chrome total.En système ouvert, le

temps de saturation « breakthrough » du biofilm

de W. anomalus a été déterminé à l’échelle des

colonnes (L=33 cm, ø interne = 4 cm) remplies

au 1/3 par les déchets du bois, à une

concentration initiale de chrome de 10 mg.L-1 à

un débit de 5 mL.min-1.

De tels résultats contribueraient à mieux

contrôler la dépollution des eaux usées par ce

biofilm, dans le but de développer un système

performant qui serait utilisé dans un nouveau

bioprocédé pour le traitement des eaux usées

riches en chrome.

Mots Clés : Wickerhamomyces anomalus,

biofilm, chrome, plan d’expériences, culture en

batch, système ouvert

COIII-4 : Performances Zootechniques d'une

Régime Alimentaire à Base de Déchets

d'Algues Bio Transformés sur la Croissance

des Ovins

Ennouali M.1*, Essamett A.2, Kerak E.3,

Chaouch A.1, Ouhssine M.1

1. Laboratoire d’Agro-physiologie,

Biotechnologie, Environnement et Qualité,

Faculté des Sciences, Kénitra, maroc

2. Laboratoire de Génétique et Biométrie, Faculté

des Sciences, Université Ibn Tofail, Kénitra,

Maroc

3. Laboratoire de Virologie, Microbiologie,

Qualité et Biotechnologie, ETB, Faculté des

Sciences, Mohammedia, Maroc




*E-mail : [email protected]

Abstract

À la fin de la biotransformation des déchets

d’une algue rouge Gelidium sesquipedale après

extraction d’agar-agar, nous avons obtenu un

produit fini dépourvu de bactéries pathogènes et

riches en protéines 26%, lipides 0,40%, glucides

38% et d’éléments minéraux 11%.

Trois rations contenant, respectivement, 20%,

25%, 30% de déchets d’algues sont comparées à

une ration commerciale, pour établir la meilleure

croissance sur les ovins.

Nous avons suivi le gain de poids et le gain

moyen quotidien durant les 90 jours. Quatre lots

de dix ovins chacun ont été soumis au test

d’engraissement. Le lot 1 recevant l’aliment (F1)

a atteint un gain moyen de poids obtenu de 14,5

Kg, soit un gain moyen quotidien (GMQ) de 161

g.J-1. Le lot 2 recevant l’aliment F2 a enregistré

un gain de poids moyen de 16,3Kg, c’est

l’équivalent d’un GMQ 181 g.J-1. Quant au lot3,

nourri par l’aliment F3, il a marqué le plus grand

gain de poids moyen de 19,35 Kg, soit un GMQ

de 215 g.J-1. Le lot témoin, quant à lui, a montré

un gain de poids moyen intéressant proche du

celui du lot1, soit 13,3 Kg, ce qui correspond à

un GMQ de 147 g.J-1.

En outre, les analyses microbiologiques réalisées

sur les carcasses et les viscères ovins ont montré

que la flore mésophile anaérobie totale varie

entre 102 et 103 UFC.g-1 et les coliformes fécaux

varient entre 1 et 3 UFC.g-1. Salmonella sp. et

Clostridium sont totalement absents.

Ces résultats confirment la possibilité de résoudre

les problèmes dus aux carences protéiques et

minérales, chez les animaux par l’addition de ces

déchets fermentés et obtenir une viande saine et

propre à la consommation.

Mots Clés : Gelidium sesquipedale, agar-agar,

levain, ration alimentaire, croissance, gain de

poids, gain moyen quotidien, engraissement

COIII-5 : Validation of Miniscale Algal

Toxicity Bioassaiy for Toxicity Screening

Berrebaan I.1, Montassir L.1, Bessi H.1, El

Alami M.2, Saadallah M.2

1. Laboratory of Virology Microbiology and

Quality, Ecotoxicology and Biodiversity, Faculty

of Sciences and Techniques, Mohammedia,

Maroc

2 National Office of Electricity and Potable

Water, Rabat, Morocco

Abstract

Since the industrial revolution, in 19th century,

water quality deterioration is fast becoming a

major threat, around the world and more

dramatically with anthropogenic

industrialization, hence the birth of analytical

monitoring methods. Historically the

physicochemical methods, using abiotic

parameters have been proven as valuable tool for

screening, such as technique have some lacks

informations about the biological effects of all

compounds present and other factors such as

bioavailability, toxicants interaction. For this

reason, many international standards and group

researchers denoted biological assessments, using

standard ecotoxicological bioassays, from

different trophic levels as complementary and

supplementary approach to evaluate the whole

toxicity of complex mixture. Algal growth

inhibition test is one of the most wedpreased

assay used, in toxicological studies, for many

attributes : (i) ease of culture, (ii) ecological

relevance, (iii) and its board sensitivity of

contaminants. Nevertheless, the batch-type algal

toxicity tests usually adopted by many

international standard organizations are time-

consuming and require a large areas of

benchspace and volume sampling. However, the

classical algal growth inhibition test require

professional equipment and expertise.

The aim of this study was to validate a

miniaturized algal growth inhibition version

bioassay, using ELISA microplate as a fast, low

cost and automation toxicity test for potential

pollutants. For this turn, a comparative study

were carried with the standard flask assay, as

well as to compare the sensitivity of tested algae

to selected compounds.

The result shown the good concordance and

correlation with tow procedures , that making our

technique an appropriate chose for high sample,

throughput toxicity screening.




Keywords : microalgae, standard bioassay,

microplate assay, toxicity, screening

COIII-6 : Biodegradation of Antibiotics

During the Cocomposting of Sludge and

Assessment of Their Genotoxicity

Khadra A.1*, Ezzariai A.1, Hamdi H.1, Merlina

G.2, Pinelli E.2, Hafidi M.1

1. Laboratoire Écologie et Environnement (Unité

Associée au CNRST, URAC32), Faculté des

Sciences, Université Cadi Ayyad, Marrakech,

Maroc

2. Laboratoire Écologie Fonctionnelle et

Environnement (EcoLab), ENSAT, Université de

Toulouse, France


Abstract

Les rejets des substances pharmaceutiques et

médicamenteuses, dans les eaux usées, peuvent

présenter des risques de contamination des terres

agricoles, lors de la réutilisation des eaux usées

épurées et/ou lors de l’épandage des boues de

STEP.

Dans ce sens, cette étude se fixe comme objectif

l’évaluation des risques liés à la présence des

antibiotiques, dans les boues, et leur devenir, lors

du co-compostage boues-déchets palmier.

L’étude de la toxicité et de la génotoxicité des

boues résiduaires de STEP a été réalisée, avant

et après traitement, par compostage, sur les plants

de Vicia faba à l’aide du test des micronoyaux.

Les résultats du test des micronoyaux montrent

que les boues non traitées sont génotoxiques à

une concentration de 30%. Cette génotoxicité est

liée à la présence, à la fois des éléments traces

métalliques et des contaminants organiques

comme certains antibiotiques (Fluoroquinolones).

Après traitement par compostage, la génotoxicité

de ces boues a diminué de 50%. Le suivi des

polluants organiques émergents a montré que la

Ciproflxacine et l’Ofloxacine sont les plus

abondants, dans les boues. Ces deux composés

appartenant à la famille des Fluoroquinolones

montrent une résistance à la biodégradation

aérobie par compostage, dans nos conditions

expérimentales.

Dans le but d’évaluer l’impact des

Fluorquinolones apportées par épandage des

boues de STEP sur le sol, trois antibiotiques

(Acide Nalidixique, Ciproflxacine et

Enrofloxacine) ont été choisis, pour le test de

micronoyaux sur Vicia faba. Quatre

concentrations de chaque molécule (0.01, 0.1, 1,

et 10 mg.kg-1) sont testées seules et en mélange.

Les résultats du test des micronoyaux ont montré,

pour les deux concentrations les plus élevées, que

chaque antibiotique induit une augmentation

significative de la fréquence des micronoyaux. Le

mélange des trois antibiotiques induit une

augmentation significative de la fréquence des

micronoyaux, par rapport au témoin négatif pour

toutes les concentrations.

Mots Clés : compostage, boues primaires,

antibiotiques, génotoxicité

COIII-7 : Genetic Diversity Characterization

of Environmental and Clinical P. aeruginosa

Isolates from Meknes Region (Morocco)

Maroui I.1, Barguigua A.2, Timinouni M.2,

Belhaj A.1

1. Ecology and Biodiversity of Wetlands Team,

Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences,

Moulay Ismail University, Meknes, Morocco

2. Molecular Bacteriology Laboratory, Pasteur

Institute of Morocco, Casablanca, Morocco

Corresponding Email : [email protected]

Abstract

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunist

pathogen causing serious infections with higher

morbidity and mortality rates. This study aimed

to investigate P. aeruginosa diversity and the

occurrence of clones within two hospitals and

different environmental sites in Meknes region

(Morocco).

From a batch of 123 clinical and environmental

P. aeruginosa isolates, 24 closely related strains

were selected, according to their antimicrobial

resistance and virulence profiles. Genetic

diversity of this strains sample was assessed by

pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), using

the restriction enzyme DraI.





Examined strains sample showed a remarkable

diversity, regardless of the strains origin. 19

genetic profiles including five clones with two

strains each were obtained. PFGE didn’t support

a close relatedness between clinical and

environmental isolates nor between the two

hospitals strains. Among 10 clinical strains

genotypes 3 clones were detected : one clone

transmission of VIM-2 metallo-β-lactamases

producer strains within burn ward and another of

carbapenem resistant strains within cardiology

service as well as one clone dissemination of

carbapenem resistant strains from intensive care

unit to burn ward. In environmental strains 9

genotypes with 2 clones were identified, one

from the same habitat at distant period and the

other from two geographically linked habitats.

This study is the first molecular characterization

of environmental and clinical P. aeruginosa

isolates, in Morocco. It constitutes a good tool for

further monitoring of the circulating drug-

resistant and virulent P. aeruginosa isolates not

only, in Meknes region, but, also, throughout

Moroccan territory and indicates the need for

stricter application of P. aeruginosa infection

control measures in hospitals.

Keywords : clones, diversity, PFGE,

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

COIII-8 : Isolation of Actinobacteria from

Arid Sand in Merzouga : Taxonomic Diversity

and Biological Activity

Ouchari L.1,3, Bouizgarne B.4, Amar A.1,2,

Ouhdouch y.3

1. Laboratoire de Microbiologie et de Biologie

Moléculaire, CNRST, Rabat, Morocco

2. Collections Coordonées Marocaines des

Microorganismes, Rabat, Morocco

3. Laboratoire de Biologie et de Biotechnologie

des Microorganisms, Faculté des Sciences,

Université Cadi Ayyad, Marrakech, Morocco

4. Laboratoire Biotechnologie Végétale,

Phytochimie et Microbiologie Sol Plantes,

Faculté des Sciences, Université Ibn Zohr,

Agadir, Morocco


Abstract

A total of 164 Actinobacterial isolates from

rhizospheric sand of Merzouga were screened for

their antimicrobial activities on Tryptone Soy

Agar and then on Bennett Agar, using spot agar

method against four pathogens Staphylococcus

aureus, Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella

enterica and Candida albicans. Electrophoretic

profiles obtained by repetitive element PCR

fingerprinting (rep-PCR), using BOXA1R

primer, were compared using Bio-Numerics 7.1

software for clustring.

Among the 164 isolates, 58,5% and 55% were

active, respectively, on TSA and on Bennett,

against one or more of tested Gram positive and

negative pathogens. However, some active strains

on TSA become inactive on Bennett and vice

versa highliting the importance of culture media

for activity expression. A comparative analysis of

antimicrobial activity, using the statistical

software Minitab V.17, divided the isolates into

fifteen groups. The comparison of the average

diameters of the inhibition zones, using Minitab

V.17, allowed to subdivide the isolates into 25

groups. Dendogram derived from BOXA1R-PCR

fingerprints showed that 32 isolates were grouped

in 18 clusters containing from two to four isolates

while 132 isolates were not grouped.

The Antimicrobial activity showed a low

biological diversity, but the Rep-PCR revealed a

high taxonomic diversity of isolates. The

combination of antimicrobial activity and rep-

PCR results revealed a relatively high diversity

patterns of this extreme ecosystem, with potential

activities against pathogens.

We conclude that such ecosystem could be an

interesting source of new Actinobacteria that

could produce new bioactives compounds. Works

aiming to identify the isolates and to characterize

produced molecules are in progress.

Keywords : Actinobacteria, antimicrobial

activity, Rep-PCR, biological diversity,

taxonomic diversity

COIII-9 : Production d’Un Aliment Piscicole

Equilibré Par Bio Transformation Optimale

de Mélanges Ternaires de Déchets et Sous

Produits Organiques des Industries

Agroalimentaires




Lakhal D.1, Boutaleb N.1*, Bahlaouan B.1,2,

Taiek T.1, El Antri S.1

1. Laboratoire de Biochimie, Environnement et

Agroalimentaire, URAC 36, Faculté des Sciences

et Techniques, Mohammedia, Maroc

2. Institut Supérieur des Professions Infirmières

et des Techniques de Santé, Casablanca, Maroc


L’industrie agroalimentaire génère de nombreux

déchets organiques. Mal gérés, leur impact peut

être significatif et pose des problèmes d’ordre

économique et écologique.

Dans l’actuel projet, on tente de résoudre le

problème posé aux producteurs de l’industrie

agroalimentaire via une valorisation des déchets

organiques, par une biotransformation, en vue de

produire un aliment piscicole. Celle-ci met en jeu

des microorganismes spécifiques qui réalisent la

bioconversion naturelle du mélange des déchets

industriels ainsi préparés de par leur métabolisme

biologique.

La théorie de la biotransformation technologique

indique qu'il faut, pour obtenir un produit

intéressant, équilibrer la composition élémentaire

des mélanges de départ (source de carbone, azote,

phosphore), optimiser quant à l'humidité, et,

assurer une bonne aération. Ces conditions

restent nécessaires, pour la croissance et l’activité

microbienne. Il est donc essentiel de distinguer

quelle configuration optimale il faudrait assurer

pour que cette biotransformation soit orientée

vers la génération d’un produit à grande valeur

ajoutée.

Partant du principe que les résidus organiques ont

une composition connue et fixée par la

caractérisation initiale (ordre de grandeur souvent

communiqué dans la littérature), le déficit reste à

optimiser dans l’opération de couplage des

déchets et les conditions physico-chimiques à

assurer. Tout paraît comme une simple

optimisation de la biotransformation des déchets

de l’industrie agroalimentaire. Les variables à

étudier sont la durée de la biotransformation, la

composition du mélange (3 composantes) et la

nature de l’agent de bioconversion (souche

microbienne).

Nos études préliminaires déjà établies montrent

qu’il faut environ 15 jours, pour obtenir un

produit stable. Une optimisation meilleure par

rapport au temps reste à trouver. Mais, dans

l’immédiat, on se focalisera sur l’étude de

l’évolution de la qualité du mélange de

biotransformation, en fonction de la formulation

initiale.

À l’issue de ce projet, un modèle mathématique

prédictif est communiqué, un diagramme ternaire

et les courbes d’iso-réponse sont établis et les

zones intéressantes dans le diagramme sont

déterminées. Au final, des tests de validation

biologiques, sur des espèces de poissons vivants,

est en cours. Les résultats préliminaires sont

prometteurs.

Mots Clés : biotransformation, valorisation,

déchets organiques, industries agroalimentaires,

aliment piscicole

COIII-10 : Étude de l’Effet Antibactérien de

Quelques Huiles Essentielles sur l’Agent

Phytopathogène Pseudomonas syringae pv.

tomato Dc3000

Sabir A.1, Elkhalfi B.1, Soukri A.1

1. Laboratoire de Physiopathologie Génétique

Moléculaire et Biotechnologie, Faculté des

Sciences Aïn Chock, Casablanca, Maroc

Abstract

On note de nombreuses vertus thérapeutiques

dans les huiles essentielles. Elles sont exploitées

dans divers domaines, notamment, en

phytothérapie, où elles peuvent présenter un

sérieux candidat, pour remplacer les différents

pesticides chimiques utilisés communément

contre les maladies infectieuses d'origine

fongique et bactérienne.

L’objectif de ce travail est de faire un screening

de l’activité antimicrobienne de six huiles

essentielles sur la souche Pseudomonas syringae

pv. tomato DC3000, responsable de la

moucheture bactérienne (maladie très commune

des tomates de champs au Maroc) et résistante à

la Rifampicine, dans le but de développer un

moyen de lutte biologique.

Quatre huiles essentielles de Thymus vulgaris,

Citrus limonum, Mintha puligium et Eucalyptus




globulus ont inhibé la croissance de

Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000. Le

meilleur effet bactériostatique et bactéricide reste

celui de Eucalyptus globulus. En revanche, la

souche s’est révélée être moyennement résistante

au Rosmarinus officinalis, et, particulièrement,

résistante au Cedrus atlantica.

Ces résultats ont été obtenus en employant les

méthodes de la diffusion en puits, de la micro

atmosphère, de la détermination de la CMI et

CMB. En parallèle, les mêmes techniques ont été

appliquées sur les souches Escherichia coli,

Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus,

afin d’identifier les éventuelles huiles essentielles

opérant à large spectre.

Mots Clés : huiles essentielles, activité

antimicrobienne, moucheture bactérienne,

Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000,

résistance bactérienne, rifampicine, lutte

biologique

COIII-11 : Les Bactériophages dans les Eaux

Usées : Outils d’Évaluation de Performance

des Traitements d’Épuration pour

l’Élimination des Virus Entériques

Hmaied F.1, Jebri S.1, Yahya M.1, Amri I.1,

Jofre J.2, Hamdi M.3

1. Laboratoire de Biotechnologies et Technologie

nucléaire, CNSTN, Pôle technologiques Sidi

Thabet, Sidi Thabet, Tunisie

2. Université de Barcelone, Département of

Microbiologie, Barcelone, Espagne

3. Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de

Tunis, Laboratoire Écologie Technologie

Microbienne, Tunis, Tunisie

Abstract

Les eaux usées épurées sont comme une

véritable ressource en eau supplémentaire,

pouvant contribuer à la diminution du déficit

hydrique et constituer une solution durable, sur le

plan écologique et sur le plan économique. Se

pose alors la question de la qualité

microbiologique de ces eaux ? Aucun critère

n’est fixé pour les virus entériques, bien que

ceux-ci constituent la cause majeure de

gastroentérites d’origine hydrique. L’utilisation

des eaux et la consommation des produits

contaminées par les virus entériques favorisent le

développement de gastro-entérites, d’hépatites

aigües et de certaines zoonoses. La recherche des

virus infectieux, dans les matrices de

l’environnement, est complexe. D’où l’intérêt de

l’investigation des indicateurs de contamination

virale, dans les eaux usées traitées. Les

bactériophages constituent des candidats

d’indicateurs de contamination virale.

En Tunisie, la recherche simultanée des virus

entériques, des coliphages somatiques, des

phages d’ARN F-spécifiques et des phages de

Bacteroides GA17 et RYC2056, dans les eaux

des stations d’épurations, est, respectivement,

effectuée, par RT-PCR en temps réel, par la

technique de la gélose en double couche, et, selon

les normes ISO 10705-2 (2000), ISO 10705-1

(1995) et ISO 10705-4 (2001).

De fortes concentrations de Rotavirus (5.2x105 à

1.3x107 cg.L-1) et des phages (2.1x105 à 1.1x107

UFP.L-1), sont trouvées, à la sortie des stations

d’épuration des eaux traitées par boues activées.

Ce qui témoigne de la résistance similaire de

Rotavirus et des coliphages totaux au traitement

secondaire. Les coliphages somatiques ont été les

plus abondants dans les eaux usées. Les

coliphages somatiques, les phages d’ARN F-

spécifiques et les phages infectant Bacteroides

Fragilis RYC2056 et Bacteroides

thetaiotaomicron GA17 ont manifesté une

résistance importante aux traitements par boues

activées et par le chlore, en terme d’efficacité de

traitement (Hmaied et al., 2015 ; Yahya et al.,

2015 ; Jebri et al., 2012). L’absence des

Rotavirus dans les eaux usées d’abattoir traitées

par le procédé de la membranaire MBR

(concentration à l’entrée du MBR est de 6.25 106

cg.L-1) témoigne de son efficacité au regard de

l’élimination virale. Le taux de réduction des

bactériophages est de 4 log (traitement efficace,

si abattement supérieur ou égal à 2 log). Les

coliphages somatiques peuvent être des

indicateurs appropriés, pour estimer l'inactivation

des virus par les rayons gamma (Jebri et al.,

2013). Ils constituent donc de bons outils, pour

évaluer la performance du traitement des eaux

usées, pour l’élimination virale.

Mots Clés : eaux usées traitées, virus entériques,

procédés de traitement, coliphages somatiques,

phages d’ARN F-spécifiques, phages de

Bacteroides




COIII-12 : Détection des Entérovirus par PCR

en Temps Réel dans les Eaux Usées et Étude

de Corrélation entre Contamination Virale et

Bactérienne

Amri I.1, Hmaied F.1, Jebri S.1, Yahya M.1,

Hamdi M.2

1. Laboratoire de Biotechnologies et Technologie

nucléaire, CNSTN, Pôle technologiques Sidi

Thabet, Sidi Thabet, Tunisie

2. Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de

Tunis, Laboratoire Écologie Technologie

Microbienne, Tunis, Tunisie

Abstract

Les risques sanitaires d’origine hydrique,

notamment infectieux, ont considérablement

diminué, grâce au développement de différents

types de traitement. Cependant, la survenue de

pollutions accidentelles, la persistance de risques,

la méfiance des consommateurs vis-à-vis de la

qualité de l’eau distribuée appellent à une

vigilance accrue et à l’instauration de pratiques

inspirées du concept de sécurité sanitaire. Les

virus entériques sont abondants, dans les rejets

urbains, notamment, les entérovirus qui sont

excrétés dans les selles et peuvent contaminer les

eaux usées et les coquillages. La capacité des

entérovirus à se multiplier en culture cellulaire et

le développement de techniques de biologie

moléculaire appliquées à leur diagnostic rendent

ces virus utilisables comme indicateurs de la

contamination virale.

Notre étude s’est développée sur deux principaux

axes qui sont la recherche des entérovirus,

indicateurs de contamination virale et la détection

d’indicateurs de contamination fécale

(Escherichia coli), dans les résidus de trois STEP

de la Tunisie. La détection des entérovirus a été

effectuée par la technique PCR en temps réel.

En effet, les entérovirus (n=68) ont été détectés

dans tous les échantillons avec un pourcentage de

contamination, dans les eaux usées traitées, de

26% fortement positif, 53% moyennement positif

et 21% faiblement positif. En outre, tous les

échantillons étaient contaminés par E. Coli, avec

une baisse de la concentration, dans les eaux de

sortie par rapport aux eaux usées brutes. Les

résultats obtenus ont montré qu’E. Coli est

sensible au traitement biologique, dans la station

Charguia. Notre étude n’a pas montré une

corrélation entre la contamination virale et la

contamination bactérienne.

Mots Clés : Escherichia coli, Entérovirus, PCR

en temps réel, STEP, eau usée

COIII-13 : Characterization of Microbial

Diversity in Moroccan Rivers Using A

Metagenomics Approach

Ettamimi S.1,2,3, Hammani K.1, Ghazal H.2,3

1. Laboratory of Natural Resources and

Environment, Faculty Polydisciplinary of Taza,

University Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah, Taza,

Moorocco

2. Laboratory of Genetics and Biotechnology,

Faculty of Science Oujda, University Mohamed

First, Oujda, Morocco

3. Multidisciplinary Faculty of Nador, University

Mohamed First, Nador, morocco

Abstract

The microbial communities, in fresh water such

as rivers, has an important role in the

biogeochemical cycling of nutriments and the

clean-up of pollution, but only 10% of these

microbes can be studied by classical culture.

Metagenomics analysis gives the opportunity to

study better the functioning of these natural

ecosystems. Morocco is characterized by the

presence of an extensive network of rivers spread

over the whole territory.

The aim of the project is to exploit the

metagenomics approach, for the exploration of

microbial diversity of three Moroccan rivers

(Sebou, Moulouya and Oum Errabiaa). We

characterize and compare microbial community

compositions and structures in these

populations, using bioinformatics and

computational tools, to identify taxonomic

groups and genes (biomarkers), to suggest which

environmental factors influence the selection of

microorganisms.

This work is done as part of the international

project ‘River sampling day’. Metagenomics data

generated by this work will be used to make

comparison with other ecosystems to suggest the

environmental factors that can play a selective

role of microorganisms.




Keywords : Metagenomics, moroccan rivers,

bioinformatics, biomarkers

COIII-14 : Détection des Virus Entériques

Pathogènes dans Le Milieu Hydrique au

Maroc

Attar A.1,2, Ennaji M.M.1*, Senouci S.3


Qualité, Eco-toxicologie et Biodiversité, Faculté

des Sciences et Techniques, Université Hassan II,

Mohammedia, Morocco

2. Laboratoire de Génie des Procédés et

Environnement, Faculté des Sciences et

Techniques, Université Hassan II, Mohammedia,

Morocco

3. National Institute Hygiene, Health Ministry,

Rabat, Maroc

*E-mail : [email protected],

[email protected]

Abstract

Les virus entériques sont rejetés en grande

quantité dans l’environnement où ils sont

capables de persister très longtemps. Ils sont

infectieux, à très faibles doses, pour l’Homme, et,

sont à l’origine d’un nombre important de toxi-

infections alimentaires, chaque année, dans le

monde.

Leur transmission féco-orale se fait,

principalement, par la consommation des eaux et

d’aliments contaminés, consommés frais ou

n’ayant pas subi de traitement industriel ou

domestique suffisant, ainsi que par les contacts

interhumains.

L’épidémiologie moléculaire a clairement

impliqué des virus dans des épidémies, les

Norovirus, les Rotavirus responsables de gastro-

entérites et le virus de l’hépatite A, étant les virus

les plus souvent incriminés.

Nous nous proposons, dans cette étude, d’évaluer

la contamination par le virus de l’hépatite A

(VHA), les Rotavirus et les Enterovirus des eaux

collectées, à partir de cinq sources différentes.

L’objectif de cette étude est de déterminer la

prévalence de ces virus dans des eaux de mer,

usées et d’estuaires, et d’en préciser les sérotypes

circulants.

Pour ceci 450 échantillons ont été récoltés et ont

subi des concentrations primaires et secondaires.

Les acides nucléiques (ADN et ARN) des

particules virales ont été extraits par des amorces

spécifiques afin de procéder au séquençage et

évaluer les phylogénies de leurs gènes.

Mots Clés : eau usée, eau d’estuaire, eau de

robinet, eau de mer, Enterovirus, Norovirus,

Rotavirus, virus entériques, concentration

primaire, concentration secondaire, RT-PCR



Oral Communication : Theme IV


COIV-1 : Towards The Control of Date Palm

(Bayoud Diseases) by Antagonistic

Pseudomonas to Fusarium oxysporum f. sp.

albedinis L.

Bouizgarne B.*, Lahmyed H., Ouhdouch Y.,

Ait Ben Aoumar A.

Laboratoire de Biotechnologie végétale, Équipe

Phytochimie Microbiologie Sols-Plantes, Faculté

des Sciences, Agadir, Morocco

*E-mail :

[email protected],b.bouizgarne@uiz.

ac.ma

Abstract

The purpose of our investigation was to screen

Pseudomonas from rhizospherical soil of a

suppressive soil for antagonism against Fusarium

oxysporum f.sp. albedinis L. (Foa), the causal

agent of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera)

fusariosis (bayoud disease).

One hundred isolates were selected by using

King B medium. The antagonism against Foa

was carried out by various methods

(confrontation in growth medium and in

sterilized soil, measure of spore formation and

germ tube growth, production of chitinase and

siderophores). The most effective isolates were

then chosen, as candidate for biocontrol

experiments, under green house by using a

susceptible cultivar (Jihel).

In vitro direct confrontation led to the isolation of

100 Pseudomonas isolates. Among them, 46

showed strong inhibition of the mycelial growth

of Foa as evidenced by the reduction of Foa

colony diameter and 44 only induced a reduction

of sporulation at the margin of Foa colony which

was confirmed by microscopic observations

(effects on microconida and on germ tube

growth). In addition, isolates showed different

extents in the production of siderophores and

chitinases. Thereafter, biocontrol assays in

greenhouse by using the susceptible date palm

cultivar Jihel were performed by using 9 isolates

with the highest antagonistic abilities.

This experiment, performed during six months,

showed that some isolates protect Jihel plantlets

from the adverse effects of the pathogen (no

mortality, normal development of the root

system), in comparison with infected controls

which showed symptoms of severe wilt disease.

In addition, the protection from the disease was

concomitant to a dramatic decrease of Foa in the

soil cultivation mixture as observed.

These results indicate that the Pseudomonas

isolates from suppressive soil are of interesting

potential as biocontrol agents for the control of

date palm fusariosis, in field conditions.

Keywords : date palm, Fusarium oxysporum

f.sp. albedinisPseudomonas, biocontrol,

suppressive soil

COIV-2 : Immature Embryo Derived of Two

Bread Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Varieties

Transformation Using Particle Bombardment

Method With Plasmid pBY520

Tinak Ekom D.C.1*, Udupa S.M.2,

Benchekroun M.N.3, Ennaji M.M.3,

Abdelwahd R.4, Iraqi D.4

1. Institute of Agricultural Research for

Development, Yaoundé, Cameroon

2. ICARDA-INRA Cooperative Research

Project, International Center for Agricultural

Research in the Dry Areas, Rabat, Morocco

3. Laboratory of Virology, Microbiology and



Morocco

4. Biotechnology Research Unit, National

Institute for Agronomic Research, Rabat,

Morocco


Abstract

Wheat cultivation is still difficult to control,

because it faces several biotic and abiotic

stresses. The transfer of resistance, in wheat

plants, to these stresses, through traditional

approaches, remains limited. However, genetic

transformation allows the acquisition of this

tolerance while overcoming the difficulties of

classical improvement.

In this context, immature embryos of two

Moroccan bread wheat varieties (‘Massira’ and

‘Arréhane’) and the pBY520 plasmid (carried by






Oral Communication: Theme IV


E. coli strain construct) containing the HVA1

gene for drought tolerance as well as the gene bar

selection marker for resistance to the herbicide

phosphinothricin were used, in this study, for

bombardment protocol.

The percentage of calli bombarded with

regenerated plantlets was 23.92% for the variety

‘Massira’ and 5.26% for the variety ‘Arréhane’.

The selection was carried out on ½ MS rooting

medium lacking hormones and supplemented,

with phosphinothricin (3 mg). Thus, 4.36% and

6% of plantlets of varieties ‘Massira’ and

‘Arréhane’, respectively, survived. The resistant

plantlets were transferred to the greenhouse and

the evaluation of the expression of the bar gene in

leaves was positive about 60%. The confirmation

by molecular analysis revealed only a

transformation efficiency of 0.52% for the variety

‘Arréhane’.

We have been able to successfully introduce

plasmid pBY520 via particle bombardment into

bread wheat. Further analysis for tolerance to

water stress tolerance, in subsequent generations,

will be performed.

Moreover, we were able to highlight some key

points involved, in the successful transformation

of wheat, by particle bombardment. Firstly, the

damage caused by the penetration of gold

particles into the targeted cells depended on the

variety. Secondly, transformation efficiency was

highly genotype dependent. Thirdly, there was no

significant link between regeneration capacity

and the rate of transformation.

Keywords : bar gene, genetic transformation,

bread wheat, plasmid pBY520

COIV-3 : Serological Detection and Genetic

Characterization of Pepino mosaic Virus in

Moroccan Tomatoes

Souiri A.1,2,3, Zemzami M.3, Laatiris H.3,

Amzazi S.2, Ennaji M.M.1*


Quality, Ecotoxicology and Biodiverity, Faculty

of Science and Techniques Mohammedia,

Mohammedia, Morocco

2. Laboratory of Biochemistry and Immunology,

Faculty of Sciences, Rabat, Morocco

3. Laboratory of Sanitary Control, Control Unit

of Plants, Domaines Agricoles Maâmora, Salé,

Morocco


Abstract

Pepino mosaic virus (PepMV) has become an

emerging pathogen that causes significant losses,

in tomato crops worldwide.

Several interception reports of PepMV, on

Moroccan tomato fruit, have been stated, but the

current situation of the disease is unlikely and the

molecular characterization of PepMV population,

in Morocco, has not been determined yet.

A primary aim of this work was to develop a

monoclonal antibody based double antibody

sandwich ELISA (DAS-ELISA) with sufficient

sensitivity and specificity to detect PepMV in

tomato. Another aim was to determine the

genetic composition of Moroccon PepMV

population. For this purpose, first we generated

Hybridoma cell lines secreting PepMV-specific

Mab. Besides, the genomic nucleotide sequences

of a part of RNA-dependant RNA polymerase

(RdRp), triple gene block (TGB) and coat protein

(CP) were determined.

As results, the developed DAS-ELISA test was

able to detect PepMV with a suitable sensisivity.

Furthermore, the phylogenic relationship among

isolates and the known genotypes showed that the

Moroccan population shares a very high

sequence identity with PepMV CH2 strains. As

well, Moroccan isolates reveal some specific

single nucleotide polymorphisms that lead to

distinct variants.

Thus, this study will contribute to a timely and

rapid detection of PepMV and the genotype

determination would be a prerequisite, for

prevention and deploying effective strategies in

disease management.

Keywords : Pepino mosaic virus, tomato,

monoclonal antibody, DAS-ELISA, genetic

characterization, phylogenetic analysis

COIV-4 : Genotypic Characterization of

Quinolone Resistant Escherichia coli Isolates

from Retail Food in Morocco





Nayme K.1,2, Barguigua A.1,2, Bouchrif B.3,

Karraouan B.3, El Otmani F.4, Elmdaghri

N.1,2,5, Zerouali K.2,5, Timinouni M.1

1. Molecular Bacteriology Laboratory, Institute

Pasteur du Maroc, Casablanca, Morocco

2. Microbiology Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine

and Pharmacy, University Hassan II, Casablanca,

Morocco

3. Food Microbiology Laboratory, Institut

Pasteur du Maroc, Casablanca, Morocco

4. Microbiology, Health and Environment Team,

Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences,

Chouaib Doukkali University, El Jadida,

Morocco

5. University Hospital Center Ibn Rochd,

Casablanca, Morocco.


Abstract

Retail food can transmit several diseases, as well

asmultidrug-resistant isolates, from person to

person.

In this study, the prevalence and characteristics

of nalidixic acid-resistant Escherichia coli

isolates were investigated in retail food samples

from Morocco.

The isolates were screened for their antimicrobial

activity and phylogenetic group typing. These

isolates were also screened for quinolone-

resistance determinants (PMQR, DRQR), class 1

integron-resistance gene cassettes and virulence

genes using PCR, followed by DNA sequence

analysis. Fifteen PMQR positive isolates were

further characterized, using pulsed-field gel

electrophoresis to determine the genetic

relatedness.

Seventy Nal-resistant E. coli isolates with diverse

genetic origins were recovered in 28% (70/250)

of retail food samples. E. coli isolates of

phylogenetic group A were dominant (64%,

45/70) and all isolates showed multidrug-resistant

profiles.

In addition, three different gene cassettes were

identified (aadA1, aadA, aac(3)-Id) in 18%.

Resistance was most commonly observed to

tetracycline (90%), followed by amoxicillin

(88.5%), amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (68%),

ciprofloxacin (59%) and levofloxacin (43%).

PMQR were identified in 32 isolates, including

aac(6’)-Ib-cr (n=16), qnrS1 (n=11) and qnrB19

(n=7). Mutations in gyrA and parC genes were

detected among 80%, and the isolates showed

substitution Ser83-Leu and Asp87-Asn, in gyrA,

and Ser80-Ile, in parC. Virulence-associated

genes stx1, eae, sfa, hlyAand stx2 were found in

six (8%), three (4%), two (3%), three (4%) and

three (4%) isolates, respectively.

The current study demonstrates that retail food

could be a significant reservoir forquinolone-

resistant E. coli which should be evaluated in the

community.

Keywords : retail food, E. coli, quinolone-

resistance, virulence genes, PFGE, Morocco

COIV-5 : Moroccan Bioactive Actinobacteria

Isolates Producing Efflux Pumps Inhibitors of

Resistant Bacteria

Azmani A.1*, Nafis A.1*, Hassani L.1*, Barakate

M.1*

1. Laboratory of Biology and Biotechnlogy of

Microorganisms, Department of Biology, Faculty

of Sciences Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University,

Marrakech, Morocco

*Email : [email protected],

[email protected], [email protected],

[email protected]

Abstract

Traditional antimicrobials antibiotics are

increasingly suffering from the emergence of

multidrug resistance among pathogenic

microorganisms. Among the antibiotic resistance

mechanisms, efflux pumps have recently

received a particular attention. Hence, there is an

acute need for new active agents.

Reducing the rate of emergence of antibiotic-

resistant is our objective, by studying the ability

of Moroccan Actinobacteria isolates to produce

natural efflux pumps inhibitors (EPI) of medical

interest.

Thus, 210 Actinobacteria isolates were screened,

for their ability to produce efflux pumps

inhibitors, using agar diffusion method. As test

strains we have used in this study the wild type








strain Escherichia coli AG100 and its mutant

AG100A with non- functional pump efflux

system and the two clinical strains of

Staphylococcus aureus, the sensitive one SA-

1199 and its mutant SA1199B. Phe-Arg-β-

naphtylamide (PAβN) which inhibits the efflux

system of many bacteria was used as control.

Finally, the biological and chemical

characterizations of active compounds were

conducted from four liters fermentation culture of

selected bioactive.

Our screening program showed that among the

210 screened Actinobacteria isolates, 9% were

able to produce EPI. From the most promising

ones, we have purified five different bioactive

compounds and their structure elucidations were

under investigation. Isolates of interest were

subjected of taxonomic study to determine the

genus and species levels based on the

morphological studies, physiological studies and

chemotaxonomic studies. The taxonomic study is

finalized by the sequencing of the 16S rDNA

gene of the selected strains.

Screening only a subsection of our natural

product library led to purify five molecules as

EPI capable of sensitizing Gram-negative and

Gram positive bacteria to antibiotics to which

they are ordinarily intrinsically resistant.

This result demonstrates the great potential of

this approach in expanding antibiotic

effectiveness in the face of the growing challenge

of resistance.

COIV-6 : Effect of Dual Inoculation of

Chickpea and Lentil With Stress Tolerant

Rhizobia and Plant Growth Promoting

Bacteria in Morocco

Benjelloun I.1,2, Thami Alami I.2, El Khadir

M.2, Udupa S.M.3 , Aurag J.4, Berraho E.4,

Douira A.1

1. Laboratoire de Botanique, Biotechnologie et

de Protection des Plantes, Département de

Biologie, Faculté des Sciences, Université Ibn

Tofayl, Kénitra, Morocco

2. Institut Nationale de la Recherche

Agronomique, Rabat, Morocco

3. ICARDA-INRA Cooperative Research

Project, International Center for Agricultural

Research in the Dry Areas, Rabat, Morocco


Moléculaire, Université Mohammed V, Faculté

Des Sciences, Rabat Agdal


Abstract

Chickpea and lentil are important pulse crop

grown, mainly in arid and semi-arid regions

where numerous environmental factors may

affect nodulation, nitrogen fixation and biomass

production. To enhance the productivity of those

two crops and limit the use of chemical

fertilizers, it is necessary to support the use of

biofertilizers based on stress tolerant

microorganisms, for an economic and ecological

sustainable agriculture.

The aim of this study is to test the effect of dual

inoculation of chickpea and lentil with rhizobia

and PGPR on the growth and the yield of those

two legumes, in Morocco.

Thus, 207 and 206 strains were isolated from

chickpea and lentil. They were examined for their

tolerance to environmental stresses and

characterized, using rep PCR and sequencing of

16S rDNA. Two highly efficient and tolerant

rhizobia were selected, for each culture, for a

field experiment inoculation test, in combination

with plant growth promoting bacteria. The

experiment was carried out in two sites in

complete random bloc, 16 treatments were

applied.

Results showed a better performance of the host,

inoculation with selected rhizobia increased

significantly grain and straw yield for chickpea

and lentil, in both sites. Nodules number, shoot

dry weight and nitrogen content were also

enhanced compared to control. Dual inoculation

with rhizobia and PGPR enhanced more yield

and nodules number for both cultures which

shows that used strains were more competitive

and effective than native ones. Dual inoculation

with rhizobia and PGPR of chickpea and lentil

was efficient, in both sites.

This suggests that nodulation, nitrogen fixation,

phosphate solubilization and yield of those two

cultures can be improved by inoculation, using

competitive stress tolerant microorganisms as a

cheap way to increase the productivity of those

crops, in Morocco, limiting like this the use of





chemical fertilizers and preserving a sustainable

agriculture.

Keywords : chickpea, lentil, stress tolerance,

rhizobia, PGPR, inoculation

COIV-7 : Biotechnological Properties and

Yeasts Biodiversity Habitats Associated to

Moroccan Picholine Olive Variety

Boudallaa Y.1*, Ababou A.2*, El Antari A.3*,

Boukachabine K.4*

1. Laboratory of Environmental Sciences and

Development, Faculty of Sciences and Technics,

Settat, Morocco

2. laboratory of Food Technology and Quality,

faculty of Sciences and Techniques, Settat,

Morocco

3. Laboratory of Food technology and Quality,

INRA, Marrakech, Morocco

*E-amil : [email protected],


[email protected]

Abstract

Yeasts are a heterogeneous group of fungi

distributed in different genera belonging to

Ascomycetes and Basidiomycetes and are widely

spread in Morocco. They are most frequently

isolated from sugar-rich substrates and several

species have been able to adapt to different

environments or ecological niches.

The aim of this study was to know the yeast

biodiversity, from habitats associated with

Moroccan Picholine olive tree. Yeasts were

isolated from samples of soil rhizosphere, olive

fruits and leaves.

Samples were collected in sterile flasks from

various olive fields, in the region of Marrakech

and Safi. Morphology and physiology

identification use included yeasts morphology,

assimilation of carbon and nitrogen compounds,

fermentation tests and urea’s hydrolysis. Some

biotechnological properties of these isolates were

studied. For this purpose, the activity of various

enzymes (β-glucosidase, protease, peroxidase and

lipase) was evaluated.

The Barnett Pc program identified many species

potentially candidate in biotechnology, belonging

essentially to Debaryomyces, Saccharomyces,

Candida, Cryptococcus, Rhodotorula and Pichia.

Keywords : yeasts, olive tree, field, biodiversity,

biotechnology, Morocco

CO IV-8 : Atténuation du Stress Salin par les

Souches Pseudomonas fluorescens Ms-01 et

Azosprillum brasilense DSM1690 chez les

Plantes de Blé

Azeroual S.E., Sijilmassi B., Yaakoubi K.,

Wahby I., Bouizgarne B., Meftah Kadmiri I.*


Abstract

La présente étude vise à démontrer l’effet des

bactéries bénéfiques, pour la croissance des

plantes (PGPM), dans l’atténuation de l’effet de

la salinité du sol sur les cultures. Ainsi,

l’utilisation de deux souches bactériennes qui

expriment des activités de promotion de la

croissance des plantes, dans les conditions

salines, est investiguée.

Les deux souches étudiées sont Pseudomonas

fluorescens Ms-01 (souche nouvellement isolée)

et Azosprillum brasilense DSM1690 obtenue

auprès de la collection Allemande des

microorganismes.

Les expériences d’inoculation ont été menées sur

les plantes de blé (T. aestivum) variété Amal. Les

graines ont été stérilisées en surface et immergées

dans des solutions bactériennes à109 CFU.mL-

1. Les plantes non inoculées ont servi de témoin.

L’ensemble des plantes est mis dans des pots

normaux et des pots salinisés contenant 5 g de

NaCl.Kg-1 du sol. Les plantes sont placées en

phytotron, leurs poids racinaire et aérien ont été

comparés. Les analyses biochimiques des plantes

ont porté sur leur contenu en proline et les

mesures des activités des enzymes antioxydantes

(POD et APX), selon des protocoles standardisés

basés sur des essais spectrophotométriques.

Les résultats obtenus ont montré que

l’inoculation des plantes de blé par les deux

bactéries résulte en une augmentation

significative de la taille et des poids (plus de

50%), dans les conditions salines. Les analyses

biochimiques ont démontré une accumulation









significative de la proline, en condition de stress

salin, avec des concentrations de 0,021

µmol.gFW-1 et 0,009 µmol.gFW-1, pour les

plantes inoculées et les plantes témoins,

respectivement. Par ailleurs, la concentration des

enzymes POD et APX augmente

significativement (environ 21% et 84%), dans les

plantes inoculées.

En conclusion, la corrélation entre

l’accumulation de la proline et les activités des

enzymes antioxydantes, sous les conditions

salines, indique que l’inoculation des bactéries

PGPM a stimulé la voie de défense des plantes de

blé contre le stress salin, améliorant ainsi leur

croissance. L’application de rhizobactéries,

favorisant la croissance des plantes (PGPR)

comme bio-inoculants, est donc devenue une

approche respectueuse de l’environnement,

efficace et économiquement viable,

pour contrebalancer la salinisation des terres

agricoles.

Mots Clés : PGPR, salinité, P. fluorescens Ms-

01, A. brasilense souches DSM1690, blé (T.

aestivum L. var. Amal), Proline, POD, APX

CO IV-9 : Plant-Cyanobacteria Interactions :

Cyanotoxins Water Contamination and

Impact on Agricultural Crops

EL Khalloufi F.1, Lahrouni M.2, Saqrane S.1,

Oufdou K.2, Oudra B.2

1. Université Hassan 1er, Faculté

Polydisciplinaire Khouribga, Khouribga, Maroc

2. Laboratoire de Biologie et Biotechnologie des

Microorganismes, Faculté des Sciences Semlalia,

Université Cadi Ayyad, Marrakech, Maroc


Abstract

The pronounced eutrophication of aquatic

ecosystems is causing frequent appearances of

toxic cyanobacteria blooms. Those are

responsible for several substantial ecological

disruptions, related to the production and release

of cyanotoxins. The negative impact of

cyanobacterial toxins, on different organisms, has

largely been lifted. However, phytotoxic effects

of those toxins, on terrestrial plants, have recently

attracted great interest, due to contamination of

irrigation water. This route has several

allelopathic effects over crop quality and

production.

The studies conducted within our team focused

on the evaluation of effects related to the

contamination of water intended for irrigation by

cyanotoxins, on terrestrial plants having

significant economic interest. Thus, exposure of

Medicago sativa, Solanum lycopersicum, to

cyanotoxins extracts, has identified both

biological and physiological negative effects. A

reduction in seed germination and plant growth,

in addition to induction of oxidative stress, are

major disturbances generated by cyanotoxins

contained in the irrigation water. In addition,

these bioactive substances have also shown

negative effects on agricultural soils and their

biological components.

Thus, our studies have shown that cyanotoxins

are causing several changes on soil bacterial

communities. All these effects raises the need for

standards related to irrigation water like those

used for drinking water.

Keywords : blooms, Cyanotoxins, terrestrial

plants, biological and physiological disturbances,

agricultural production

CO IV-10 : Role of Plant and Aphid Partners

in Poleroviruses Transmission by Aphids

Boissinot S.1, Bencharki B.2*, Taoussi I.2,

Monsion B.1, Ziegler-Graff V.3, Brault V.1

1. UMR INRA-UDS Virus-Vection group 28,

Colmar, France

2. Laboratoire Agroalimentaire et Santé, Faculté

des Sciences et Techniques, Université Hassan

1er, Settat, Maroc

3. CNRS, Centre National de la Recherche

Scientifique, IBMP, Institut de Biologie

Moléculaire des Plantes, Strasbourg, France


Abstract

Polerovirus are phloem limited viruses strictly

transmitted by aphids, in a circulative and non

propagative manner. Virions are acquired by

aphids, when ingesting sap from infected plants.

Virus particles cross the gut epithelium to be






transported into the hemolymph and then to the

accessory salivary glands cells, before being

released, together with saliva, into the plant

during a subsequent feed. Although viral

determinants involved in the transmission process

have been identified, data are lacking on (i) the

role of post-translational modifications of the

structural proteins in virus transmission, (ii) on

the involvement of plant proteins in the

transmission process, (iii) on the deregulation of

aphid genes during virus acquisition and

inoculation and (iv) on the nature of polerovirus

receptors in aphids.

We have developed different approaches to

decipher some of these transmission steps. We

have observed that acquisition of virions, in

aphid intestinal cells, did not induce a strong

gene deregulation, suggesting that the virus

hijacks a well-conserved endocytosis mechanism.

We have identified several phloem proteins able

to bind purified virions in vitro and have shown

that these proteins can stimulate virus

transmission by aphids when added to the aphid

diet together with purified virus. Identification of

virus partners in phloem cells are pursued by

screening Arabidopsis cDNA libraries using the

yeast double hybrid system. We have also

demonstrated that poleroviruses particles are not

phosphorylated, nor glycosylated and that

glycosylation does not play a role in the

transmission process, as suggested before.

Finally, experiments are in progress to identify

virus partners in aphid vector by developing yeast

screening of aphid cDNA libraries.

COIV-11 : Ecology of Pantoea agglomerans

2066-7 Strain : a Biological Control of

Bacteria Onion Diseases

Sadik S.1,2*, Mazouz H.2, Benbouazza A.1,

Achbani E.H.1*

1. Laboratory of Plant Protection URPP- INRA,

Meknes, Morocco

2. Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology and

Molecular Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Meknes,

Morocco


[email protected]

Abstract

The control of diseases in fruits and vegetables is

still mainly based on the use of synthetic

pesticides, although the demand for produce free

from chemical residues and the emergence of

pesticides -resistant pathogen strains is constantly

increasing. Biological control, using microbial

antagonists, has attracted much interest as an

alternative to chemical products.

The main objective of this work is to study the

improvement of water activity (aw), temperature

and pH tolerance observed in Pantoea

agglomerans 2066-7.

The growth response of the biocontrol agent

Pantoea agglomerans 2066-7 to change, in water

activity (aw), temperature and pH was determined

in vitro in basic medium. The minimum

temperature at which 2066-7 was able to grow

was +7°C and the growth of 2066-7 did not

change at varying pH levels (4-10.34). Moreover,

the growth of P. agglomerans 2066-7 strain was

very effective inside onion bulb wounds at +7°C

and +25°C.

P. agglomerans growth was higher than on

unmodified medium when polyethylene glycol

was used to modify aw. In the presence of the

glucose, the growth was very limited, under the

three tested temperatures (+7, +25 and +30°C).

Also the results show that, on basic medium

supplemented or not with various solutes, P.

agglomerans grows best at temperature of +25°C

and at an aw ranging from 0.96 to 9.98. At low

temperature (+7°C), P. agglomerans can grow at

a low aw (0.95), depending on the solute used to

reach this aw. Our study likewise show that

polyethylene glycol, glycerol and NaCl have a

lesser effect on the growth rate of P.

agglomerans than glucose and it was higher on

the presence of polyethylene glycol than

unmodified medium. This study has defined the

range of environmental conditions (aw, pH, and

temperature) over which the bacteria may be

developed for biological control of plant diseases.

This study showed an excellent adaptation of

Pantoea agglomerans (2066-7) to cold storage

and +25°C temperature which is an important

feature, for biocontrol agents of plant diseases.

Keywords : Pantoea agglomerans, biocontrol

agent, ecology, water activity and plant diseases






COIV-12 : The effect of Myrtus communis

Extract on Cedar Wood Surface Energy :

Theoretical and Experimental of Fungal

Adhesion

Sadiki M.1, Elabed S.1,2, Barkai H.1, Balouiri

M.1, Ibn Souda Koraichi S.1,2*

1. Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnology,

Faculty of Science and Technology, Fez,

Morocco

2. Regional University Center of Interface, Sidi

Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez,

Morocco


Abstract

Biofilms are serious problems and a major defy,

in different areas, such as ship fouling, historical

books, cultural heritage and biodegradation of

monumental wood. The microbial adhesion to the

substrate is a significant and important step, in

the biofilms formation.

Thus, the aim of the study was to investigate the

effect of three fractions of Myrtus communis

extract on wood physicochemical properties, and

thereafter, to evaluate the theoretical and the

experimental adhesion of Theilavia hyalocarpa

on untreated and treated wood.

The impact of M. communis extractives on the

hydrophobicity, electron donor (γ−) electron

acceptor (γ+

) parameters and surface tension

components (ΔGiwi) of untreated and treated

wood were assessed, using contact angle

measurement. The anti-adhesive activity of the

fraction tested was analyzed by environmental

scanning electron microscopy analysis.

The results indicated that all extractives tested

have decreased the hydrophobic parameter and

made the cedar wood surface more donor

electron. According to the values of total free

energy of interaction (ΔG𝑇𝑜𝑡), the theoretical

adhesion of T. hyalocarpa on wood was found

favorable. However, the treatments were made

the adhesion conditions unfavorable. Moreover,

the scanning electronic microscopy analysis has

proved the decrease of the cell adhesion

percentage with treatment, indicating the high

anti-adherence activity of all fractions tested.

Therefore, the positive relationship between the

theoretical prediction and experiments adhesion

has been obtained.

These findings suggest that these extractives

could be considered as an alternative source of

bioactive molecules for a new preservative of

wood against destroying fungi.

Keywords : adhesion, wood, contact angles,

microscopy, physicochemical properties

COIV-13 : Isolation and Identification of

Potential Mycotoxin Producing Fungi on Pasta

In Morocco

Bouafifssa Y.1, Zinedine A.2*, Arahou M.1,

Rahouti M.1

1. Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences,

University Mohammed V, Rabat, Morocco

2. Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences,

University Chouaib Doukkali, El Jadida,

Morocco


Abstract

Cereals and cereal products are significant and

important human food resources, in Morocco.

These foodstuffs can be contaminated with fungi

in the field, during drying, processing,

transportation and manufacturing steps which

may lead to the biosynthesis of mycotoxins,

under favorable conditions. In a previous

investigation, pasta samples were found to be

contaminated with mycotoxins and some levels

were found above maximum limits set by

international regulation.

In this survey, one hundred and six (106) samples

of pasta samples, purchased from different cities,

in Morocco, were investigated to isolate and

identify potential mycotoxinogenic fungi. Each

sample was disinfected with sodium hypochlorite

at 3% and washed with sterile water. Samples

were cultured on MEA, PDA and CZ at +25°C,

for 7 days.

Results reveal the presence of four genera :

Penicillium, Aspergillus, Fusarium and

Cladospurum. More than ten (10) species were

identified. Several species are known to produce

mycotoxins. Aspergillus flavus is known to

produce aflatoxins, Aspergillus niger and

Penicillium chrysogenum are known to produce

ochratoxin A and Fusarium species are known to






produce fumonisins, zearalenone and

trichothecenes (DON, DAS, NIV, T2 and HT2

toxins, …).

The presence of mycotoxinogenic fungi, in pasta

samples, could be due to a lack of good

agriculture and or food manufacturing practices

and should spur authorities and industries to give

more importance to the final quality and safety of

these products to protect consumers’health.

Keywords : fungi, pasta, mycotoxins,

contamination

COIV-14 : in vitro Evaluation of the

Antagonistic Activity of Bacillus

amyloliquefaciens and Trichoderma harzianum

Against Colletotrichum acutatum

Es-Soufi R.1,Lamarti A.1, Elbachir Kbiach M.1

1. Vegetal Biotechnology Laboratory, Faculty of

Sciences, Tetouan, Maroc

Abstract

Biological control is an alternative to chemical

pesticides, for agricultural use, with the benefits

of greater acceptance by consumers and a

reduced environmental impact. The selection of

antagonists planned for biological control of

plant diseases usually implies to gather and

examine a large number of microbial isolates and

to increase the probability of discovering strain

strongly effective on the surfaces of the host.

The antagonist ability of Bacillus

amyloliquefaciens strains (I1, I2, I3, I18, RA9,

RA12, B3, B12 and B24) and Trichoderma

harzianum was evaluated against the mycelial

growth, sporulation and germination of seven

strains of Colletotrichum acutatum (1, 2, 3, 4, 5,

6 and 7), the causal agent of strawberry

anthracnose.

The results showed various levels of antagonist

capacity against Colletotrichum acutatum. T.

harzianum had a great inhibiting effect (around

80%). Some of the selected bacteria exhibited

promising antagonistic activity against tested

fungi. Out of nine bacterial strains, I2 and RA12

revealed effective biocontrol potential against all

tested fungi.

These results suggest interesting application

possibilities, on the biological control of

strawberry anthracnose.

Keywords : antagonism, phytopathogenic fungi,

biocontrol, Bacillus, Trichoderma,

Colletotrichum

COIV-15 : Can Moroccan Rock Phosphate Be

Useful After Biosolubilization For Sustainable

Agriculture ?

Hassimi M.1,2,4, Ouhdouch Y.2, Hamdali H.3,

Pinelli E.4, ZoubeirouA.M.5, Hafidi M.1

1. Laboratoire d'Écologie et Environnement

(L2E) (Unité Associée au CNRST, URAC32,

CNRS), Faculté des Sciences, Université Cadi

Ayyad, Marrakech, Maroc


des Microorganismes, Faculté des Sciences,


3. Laboratoire Microbiologie et Biochimie

Appliquées à l'Agro-Alimentaire,

l'Environnement et la Santé, Faculté des Sciences

et Techniques, Université Sultan Moulay

Slimane, Béni Mellal, Maroc

4. Ecolab UMR 5245 CNRS-UPS-INPT,

Toulouse, France

5. Laboratoire de Biologie, Faculté des Sciences

et Techniques, Université Abdou Moumouni

Niamey, Niger, Nigéria


Abstract

Cellulose and hemi-cellulose are the most

abundant plant cell wall components, in the

biosphere and the most voluminous waste

produced by human society. Fortunately, they are

non-toxic and biodegradable materials. In

parallel, rock phosphate is the largest reservoir of

phosphorus, but is inaccessible for direct use by

plants due to its insolubility. Apatite rock

phosphate is known to be acid soluble.

This study presents two objectives i) a solution of

cellulosic waste, like grassland, biodegradation

ii) and a new way of rock phosphate

biosolubilization.

The aim of this work was to investigate the

process of biological dissolution of rock

phosphate, using cellulose and hemi-cellulose





substrate (grassland), under anaerobic

thermophilic condition.

After 90 days incubation of water and the

cellulosic substrate mixture at +45°C, the pH

decreased from 6.5 to 4.8, dissolving from 23.4%

to 27.6% of the phosphorus from the rock

phosphate. Certain organic acids were identified

qualitatively and quantitatively, in the

bioreactors, acetic, lactic, butyric, propionic

acids. This biological dissolution of rock

phosphate is due to the presence of a single heat-

tolerant strain of bacteria (Bacillus subtilis)

isolated by the NBRIP test from the reactors.

Tests show that this strain is able to grow

anaerobically and break down a cellulose

substrate.

The dissolution of the rock phosphate, during the

thermon anaerobic cellulose biodegradation

process, is a consequence of proton release from

organic acids, in the aqueous phase of the

anaerobic digester.

Keywords : rock phosphate, dissolution,

anaerobic, thermophilic condition, bacteria,

cellulose, organic acid, pH

COIV-16 : Prevalence, Molecular and

Antimicrobial Resistance of Salmonella

Isolated from Sausages in Meknes, Morocco

Ed-Dra A.1*, Rhazi Filali F.1, Karraouan B.2,

El Allaoui A.1, Aboulkacem A.3, B. Bouchrif

B.2

1. Equipe de Microbiologie et Santé, Laboratoire

de Chimie Biologie Appliquées à

l’Environnement, Université Moulay Ismail,

Faculté des Sciences, Meknès, Maroc

2. Laboratoire de Microbiologie et d’Hygiène des

Aliments et des Eaux, Institut Pasteur,

Casablanca, Maroc

3. Laboratoire Régional de Diagnostic

Epidémiologique et d’Hygiène du Milieu,

Meknès, Maroc


Abstract

Salmonella is among the most important food

borne pathogens worldwide, contaminating a

wide range of animal products including meat

products.

The aims of this study go through two steps. The

first step is to estimate the proportion of sausages

products contaminated by Salmonella, in Meknes

city (Morocco), which were collected from

various shopping sites : butchery, street vendors,

supermarket and souk (Weekly market combines

the population of the small villages around

Meknes city). The second one is to identify

serovars, to determine the antimicrobials

resistance patterns of isolates and to detect the

invA and spvC genes.

Thus, 34 (21.79%) Salmonella were isolated,

recovered 4 serogroups and 12 serotypes. The

most prevalent serotypes were Salmonella

Corvallis (23.53%) and Salmonella Kentucky

(17.65%). All Salmonella isolates were tested for

their susceptibility to 18 selected antimicrobials

agents, of which 100% were resistant to at least

one antimicrobial, 85.30% (29/34) were resistant

to two or more antimicrobials and 44.12%

(15/34) were resistant to at least three

antimicrobials. All Salmonella are resistant to

ampicillin, 76.47% to streptomycin, 20.59% to

sulphonamides, 17.65% to Tetracycline and

11.77% to Ofloxacin. The ''ACSSuT'' penta-

resistance pattern was observed in tow of the

Salmonella Typhimurium strains. In addition, our

study showed that all Salmonella strains (34)

were positive for invasion gene invA and negative

for the virulence gene spvC.

Keywords : Salmonella, antimicrobials

resistance, sausage, invA

COIV-17 : The Potential Effects of Herbicides

on Soil Bacterial Communities

Trabelsi D.1, Mengoni A.2, Ben Ammar H.3,

Mhamdi R.1*

1. Laboratory of Legumes, Centre of

Biotechnology of Borj-Cedria, Hammam-Lif,

Tunisia

2. Department of Evolutionary Biology,

University of Firenze, Firenze, Italy

3. Technical Centre of Potatoes, Saida, Tunisia


Abstract

Inoculation of legumes has been widely used to

improve legume productivity in fields. However,





its potential ecological risk on microbial diversity

was usually neglected.

In this study, the impact of inoculation of

Phaseolus vulgaris with two indigenous

rhizobialstrains towards plant growth promotion,

richness and structure of the Rhizobiaceae and

total bacterial communities, in the bulk soil, was

assessed.

On-field inoculation experiments of common

bean were conducted, using two selected

rhizobial strains. The agronomic benefits of

inoculation were assessed, on common bean and

on the next rotation crop. The effect on soil

bacterial communities was assessed using the T-

RFLP technique.

Both strains used induced a significant increase

in nodulation and grain yield. T-RFLP profiling

demonstrated that inoculation significantly

increased the phylotype richness of the bacterial

communities. No significant difference in

richness between both strains used and no

additive effect of co-inoculation were observed.

However, differences between both inoculants

and a clear additive effect of co-inoculation on

heterogeneity were found. Both α and γ

proteobacteria, together with Firmicutes and

Actinobacteria, were enhanced by inoculation,

while no evidence of TRF inhibition was found.

The effect of this inoculation was also significant

on the next year crop-rotation of potatoes.

Biological control of the wireworms was also

enhanced (infection decreased by 56%).

Inoculation induced significant effects on the first

crop, on the second crop, on wireworm

biocontrol and on soil bacterial communities.

However, these effects varied according to

inoculants.

Keywords : biocontrol, common bean,

inoculation, potatoes, Rhizobia, soil communities

COIV-18 : Charcterization of The

Bacteriological and Physicochemical Quality

of Raw Milk Cow : Influence of Production

Conditions

Cherqaoui Y.1*, Azeroual M.2,Chhiba M.3,

Karib H.4 Mesfioui A.1

1. Laboratory of Genetics, Neuroendocrinology

and Biotechnology University of Ibn Tofail,


2. Royal Institute of Specialized Technicians in

Animal Husbandry, Kenitra, Morocco

3. Laboratory of Radiation, Material and

Instrumentation, University of Hassan I, Faculty

of Sciences, Settat, Morocco

4. Department of Pathology and Veterinary

Public Health, Agronomy and Veterinary Hassan

II Institute, Rabat, Morocco


Abstract

The milk of cows is often hampered by the

quality management problem that penalizes both

producers and processors.

This study focused on the nutritional and

hygienic characterization of raw milk from 350

farms and cooperatives in the region of Chaouia-

Ouardigha region, in central Morocco. In total,

412 raw milk samples were subjected to

physicochemical analysis and microbiological,

respectively.

Sample collection tanks directly through bottles

of 50 mL. They are transported to the laboratory,

by using a cooler (+4 to +6°C). The

physicochemical analyses were obtained, using

an infrared chemometrics instrument

(MILKOSCAN, model FT2) whereas

microbiological analyzes were obtained by

counting the microbiological load on agar media,

according to standardized methods (NF EN ISO

4833, May 2003).

The physicochemical analyzes distributing the

milk quality of the area studied into four classes,

with distinct variations, between 28 and 42 g.L-1

fat between 29 and 35 g.L-1 protein, 89 and 95

g.L-1 for solids not fat. Microbiological analysis

included a microbial group health indicator, total

germs which highlighted the strong

contamination of samples taken at the

cooperatives and moderately high for private

producers, with respective averages of 5,1.106

UFC.mL-1 and 3,2.105 UFC.mL-1.

This study allowed to characterize the

physicochemical and bacteriological quality, in a

grain oriented area. The levels of total coliforms

demonstrate hygienic conditions deteriorated,

during milking or during transport. Milks have a

variable and natural wealth.





Keywords : raw milk, hygiene, microbiology,

analyzes, sample

COIV-19 : Antibacterial, Antioxidant and

Cytotoxic Effects of Old and Freshly

Harvested Propolis Extracts

El Mouftari M., Lekchiri S., Tilaoui M.,

Oukerrou M., Jaafari A., Ait Mouse H.*, Zyad

A.

Laboratory of Biological Engineering Natural

Substances, Cellular and Molecular Immuno-

pharmacology Group, Sultan Moulay Slimane

University, Faculty of Sciences and Technology,

Béni Mellal, Morocco


Abstract

Propolis is a resinous substance produced by bees

from leafs, buds, tree barks and exudates from

various plant sources. It has different therapeutic

properties related to its phenolic and flavonoid

compounds. Cytotoxic, antibacterial and

antioxidant effects are among these important

properties.

This study aims to compare the effect of

ethanolic extracts of old propolis and those of the

recently harvested one. For antibacterial effects,

we assayed antibiogramme, MIC (Minimum

Inhibitory Concentration), and MBC (Minimal

Bactericidal Concentration) on Escherichia coli,

Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas

aeruginosa ATCC strains.

The average MBC values were 120 µg.mL-1. For

cytotoxic study, we assayed the ethanolic extracts

against P815 and MCF7 tumor cell lines. The

average IC50 was 42 and 74µg.mL-1. For

antioxidant activity, the extracts were assayed for

DPPH free radical scavenging activity. At 50

µg.mL-1 concentration, the extracts exhibited a

free radical scavenging activity ranging from

67% to 80%.

The ethanolic extracts of propolis are

differentially and dose dependently active

according to the bacterial strain and cell line.

Keywords : propolis extracts, antibacterial,

cytotoxicity

COIV-20 : Chemical Composition, Cytotoxic

and Antibacterial Activities of The Essential

Oil of Lippia citriodora Grown in Different

Moroccan Regions

Oukerrou M.A., Tilaoui M., Ait Mouse A.,

Leouifoudi I., Jaafari A., Zyad A.*

Laboratory of Biological Engineering, Natural

Substances, Cellular and Molecular Immuno-

pharmacology, Immunobiology of cancer cells

Cluster, Faculty of Sciences and Technology,

Sultan Moulay Slimane University, Morocco


Abstract

The aim of this work is to investigate the in vitro

cytotoxic activity of the essential oil obtained by

hydrodistillation of dried leaves of Lippia

citriodora HBK, harvested in different regions of

Morocco.

The chemical profile was analyzed by gas

chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry

(GC/MS). The cytotoxic activities was evaluated

on P815, MCF7 and VERO cell lines using MTT

assay.

The results showed an antiproliferative activity

dose-dependent. However, no cytotoxic effects

were observed on human peripheral blood

mononuclear cells (PBMC) by performing the

same test.

Meanwhile, this essential oil showed an

antibacterial activity in Escherichia coli ATCC

25922 and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923.

Nevertheless, it was not active against

Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853.

Keywords : antibacterial activity, cytotoxicity,

essential oil, GC/MS, Lippia citriodora

COIV-21 : Effect of Chitosan and Mycorrhizal

Fungi on Stomatal Conductance and Leaf

Area of the Tomato Crop Submitted to Two

Water Treatments

El Amerany F.1,2,3, Anaya F.1, Ben Laouane

R.1, Meddich A.1, Wahbi S.1, Taourirte M.3,

Rhazi M.2




1. Biotechnology and Plant Physiology

Laboratory, Cadi Ayyad University, Faculty of

Sciences, Marrakech, Morocco

2. Natural Macromolecules Team, University

Cadi Ayyad, High Normal School, Marrakech,

Morocco

3. Bio-Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular

Laboratory, Cadi Ayyad University, Faculty of

Science and Technology, Marrakech, Morocco


Abstract

The objective of this study was to evaluate the

effect of the combination of a complex of

mycorrhizal autochthon fungus and a natural

polymer chitosan (CH) on growth and

development of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum

L.) submitted two water treatments (WTTT½%

and WTTT%). Two physiological parameters

were measured at the tomato crop including

stomatal conductance (Gs) and leaf area.

The results showed a significant difference

between the values of Gs. The WTTT½% has

resulted a reduction of the Gs, compared to plants

under WTTT%. Also, the Gs was decreased, in

plants treated with CH150 and increased in plants

treated with CH50 and so in mycorrhizal plants.

However, no significant difference in the Gs was

found between CH50 WTTT½%, traited with

mycorrizal fungi (33,93±4,13 mmol/m2s), and

Ch0 WTTT%, without mycorhizal fungi

(39,65±4,80 mmol/m2s). Moreover, the leaf area

is higher, in mycorrhizal plants, and processed by

CH150 (219,78±18,52 cm2) and low in non-

mycorrhizal plants and processed, by CH50

WTTT½% (131,42±4,25 cm2) compared to

control plants (150,08±15,76 cm2).

Keywords : chitosan, mycorrhizal fungi, water

treatment, tomato

COIV-22 : Chemical Composition and

Antimicrobial Activity of Periploca laevigata

Essential Oil and Its Synergistic Potential

With Conventional Antibiotics

Ait Dra L.1, Ait Sidi Brahim M.1, Aghraz A.1,

Barakate M.2, Markouk M.1, Larhsini M.1

1. Laboratory of Biotechnology, Protection and

Valorization of Plant resources, Phytochemistry

and Pharmacology of Medicinal Plants Unit,

Faculty of Sciences, Cadi Ayyad University,

Marrakech, Morocco

2. Laboratory of Biology and Biotechnology of

Microorganisms, Faculty of Sciences, Cadi

Ayyad University, Marrakech, Morocco


Abstract

In recent years, resistance of many micro-

organisms to antibiotics is one of the most

problems that lead to emergency of new infection

diseases. Therefore, the combined use of

essential oils and antimicrobial agents is one of

the promising strategies, to enhance the efficacy

of classical drugs and to overcome the resistance

mechanisms.

The present study was firstly undertaken to

determine the chemical composition of Periploca

laevigata (Asclepiadaceae) essential oil obtained

by hydrodistillation and its antimicrobial effect

and to evaluate the synergistic potential of the

studied essential oil with some conventional

antibiotics.

The chemical composition was analyzed by a

GC/MS system and a total of 22 compounds were

identified representing about 98.8% of the total

essential oil. The antimicrobial activity of P.

laevigata essential oil against bacteria and

Candida species was qualitatively and

quantitatively assessed by the presence or

absence of inhibition zones diameters and MIC

values.

The essential oil showed an inhibitory effect

against the majority of tested bacteria and also

against Candida strains. Gram-positive bacteria

(S. aureus, M. luteus, B. cereus, B. subtilis) were

generally found to be more sensitive than Gram

negative ones (E.coli, K. pneumonia and P.

aeruginosa).The association between essential oil

and some synthetic antibiotics (Cefexime,

Ciprofloxacin, Gentamycin and Fluconazole)

showed that from 25 combinations, 17 (68%) had

total synergism, 5 (20%) showed a partial

synergistic interaction and 3 (12%) had no effect.

Furthermore, the best synergistic effect was

obtained with the combination of essential oil and

Gentamycin against both Gram positive and

Gram negative bacteria, with FICi values ranging

0.28 to 0.50, followed by the combination

essential oil-Ciprofloxacin, especially, against




Gram positive bacteria. Interestingly, the

association essential oil-Fluconazole showed a

total synergistic effect against the majority of

studied yeasts.

The obtained results demonstrated that the

studied essential oil exhibited a good synergistic

effect, in association with antibiotics. These

findings are very promising and reveal that the

essential oil isolated from Periploca laevigata

leaves could be a novel source of new bioactive

substances.

Keywords : Periploca laevigata, essential oil,

chemical composition, antimicrobial activity,

synergistic effect

COIV-23 : Theoretical Effect of Coating

Cobalt and Nickel based Dental Alloys with a

Bacillus sp. Extract on the Adherence of

Candida albicans

Balouiri M.1*, Bouhdid S.2, Sadiki M.1,

Ouedrhiri W.1, El Farricha O.1, Koraichi Ibn

Souda S.1,3, Harki E.2

1. Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah, Fès, Morocco 2. Faculté des Sciences, Université Abdelmalek Essaadi, Tétouan, Maroc 3. Cité de l’innovation, Université Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah, Fès, Morocco *E-mail : [email protected]

.

Abstract

Biofilm formation on dental biomaterials is

implicated in a various oral health problems.

Thus, the challenge is to prevent the formation of

this consortium of microorganisms using safe

approach such as antimicrobial and anti-adhesive

natural products.

In the present investigation, the effects of an

antifungal extract produced by Bacillus sp.,

isolated from plant rhizosphere, on the surface

physicochemical properties of cobalt and nickel

based dental alloys, were studied using the

contact angle measurements. Furthermore, in

order to predict the theoretical adhesion of

Candida albicans to the coated and uncoated

dental alloys, the total free energy of adhesion of

this yeast to both metal alloys was calculated

based on the thermodynamic approach.

The results showed hydrophobic and weak

electron-donor and electron-acceptor

characteristics of both uncoated dental alloys.

After treatment with the antifungal extract, the

surface free energy of both dental alloys were

influenced significantly, mostly for cobalt based

alloy. In fact, treated cobalt based alloy became

hydrophilic and predominantly electron donating.

Those effects were time-dependent.

Consequently, the theoretical adhesion of C.

albicans to this alloy became unfavorable, after

coating with the investigated microbial extract.

A linear relationship between the electron-donor

property and the total free energy of interaction

has been found for both dental alloys. Also, a

linear relationship has been found between this

latter and the hydrophobicity for the cobalt based

alloy. However, the exposure of nickel based

alloy to the antifungal extract failed to produce

the same effect.

Keywords : anti-adhesive, physicochemical

property, dental alloy, Candida albicans,

theoretical adhesion, Bacillus extract

COIV-24 : Potential of Rhizobium Strains

Isolated from Root Nodules of Hedysarum

flexuosum for Promotion of Plant Growth

Ezzakkioui F.1, El Mourabit N.2, Alloudane

R.1, Chahboune R.3, Benaicha H.1, Barrijal S.1

1. Laboratoire Valorisation Biotechnologique des

Microorganismes, Faculty of Sciences and

Techniques, University Abdelmalek Essaadi,

Tangier, Morocco

2. National Institute of Agronomy Research

(INRA), Tangier, Morocco.

3. Multidisciplinary faculty of Selouane, Nador,

Morocco

Abstract

Extensive use of chemical fertilizers create

serious environmental problems, biological

fertilizers can be as an alternative way of




reducing the use of chemicals in agriculture and

contamination of the environment.

Contributing in these goals, 17 strains of

Rhizobium sullae IS123T were isolated from the

nodules of Hedysarum flexuosum and were

examined for their plant growth-promoting

potential. The tests performed are indole acetic

acid (IAA) production, siderophores production,

hydrogen cyanide (HCN) production, phosphate

solubilization and nitrogen fixation.

The results show that all strains produce indole

acetic acid, 13 strains were able to produce

siderophores, while five strains were positive for

hydrogen cyanide synthesis and two strains were

able to solubilize inorganic phosphorus. All

strains identified in this study produced effective

symbiosis with their original host plant, while the

relative effectiveness has not shown a great

variation between strains. The combination of the

nitrogen fixation and production of different

phytohormones showed that the strains HFT38,

HFT33, HFT41, HFA54, HFT63 and HFT64 are

the best strains selected to be used as

biofertilizers.

COIV-25 : Ectomycorrhization of Carob

(Ceratonia siliqua L.)

Zouari N., Elmtili N.

Laboratory of biotechnology and Microbiology

Applied, Faculty of Science,

University Abdelmalek Essaâdi, Tetouan, Maroc

Abstract

Pisolithus tinctorius is an ectomycorrhizal fungus

can be an important element of inoculation in

controlled mycorrhization programs for

sustainable agriculture.

The present study demonstrate the possibility of

inducing artificial symbiose between carob and

the Pisolithus tinctorius.

The main objective of this study has been to

develop procedures to improve the quality of

plants produced in micropropagation.

Microplants of Ceratonia siliqua were

estabilished via aseptic seed germination in agar

medium, all germinated seeds were transferred

in plastic pots containing a sterilized peat, 5 mL

of mycelial inoculum were injected around the

root system of each carob seedling. All cultures

were maintained in the greenhouse. Six months

after inoculation, carob roots were colored before

being examined in microscopic studies.

Microplants, mycorrhized in vitro or in vivo

outperformed non-mycorrhized plants in fresh

and dry weight gain after acclimatization,

whereas microplants mycorrhized in vitro

outperformed those mycorrhized in vivo

The positively presence of Pisolithus tinctorius

fungi in the soil, for the growth and development

of carob, demonstrate the ability of Pisolithus

tinctorius to form ectomycorrhizae with wide

host range makes it a very interesting organism

for artificial inoculation of nursery plants.

Keywords : Ceratonia siliqua, Pisolithus

tinctorius, ectomycorrhization, culture in vitro

COIV-26 : Isolement du Jus de Presse de

Canne à Sucre d'Une Souche de Candida Sp

Thermophile et Productrice de

Fructofurabose

Ennouali M.1, Essamett A.2, Mennane Z.2,

Chaouch A.1, Ouhssine O.1

1. Laboratoire d’Agro Physiologie,

Biotechnologie, Environnement et Qualité,

Faculté des Sciences, Kénitra, Maroc

2. Laboratoire de Génétique et Biométrie, Faculté

des Sciences, université Ibn Tofail, Kénitra,

Maroc

3. Laboratoire de Virologie, Microbiologie,

Qualité et Biotechnologie, Faculté des Sciences


Abstract

Trente souches de levures à forte activité

saccharolytique et acidifiantes ont été isolées à

partir du jus de presse de canne à sucre et de la

mélasse d’une usine sucrière.




La souche LES16 a été retenue, pour sa tolérance

à la température qui augmente considérablement

au cours de la fermentation.

Il s’agit d’un Candida sp qui présente, en

conditions optimales, (pH 5,3 g.L-1, saccharose

1 g.L-1 (NH4)2SO4 et +40°C), une activité

enzymatique de 4228 UI/l.

Mots Clés : activité enzymatique, Candida sp, ß-

fructofuranosidase


Oral Communication: Theme V


CO V-1 : Molecular Epidemiology of

Phlebovirus in Four Provinces in Morocco

El kacem S.1, Es-Sette N.1, Ajaoud M.1, ,

Charrel R.N.2, Mellouki F.3, Lemrani M.1*

1. Laboratoire de Parasitologie et de Maladies

Vectorielles, Institut Pasteur du Maroc,

Casablanca, Maroc

2. UMR EPV "Émergence des Pathologies

Virales", Aix Marseille Université, IRD U190,

INSERM U1207, IRBA, EFS, EHESP et

Fondation Méditerranée Infection, APHM Public

Hospitals of Marseille, Marseille, France

3. Faculté des Sciences et Techniques,

Mohammedia, Maroc


Abstract

Sandflies are vectors of protozoa, viruses and

bacteria. To investigate the transmission of

Phlebovirus, a total of 8753 sandflies were

collected, in four foci of leishmaniasis. A total of

16 distinct species were morphologically

identified. Cell culture and Nested-PCR

screening for phleboviruses, using an assay

targeting the polymerase gene, showed positive

results, for 19 pools of sandflies belonging to

different species originated from four different

foci and different from those commonly reported

in the literature.

Sequencing of the corresponding products

confirmed the results and allowed identification

of Toscana virus, exclusively. The sequence

analysis shows that Moroccan Toscana virus

belong to genotype B and appear close to

Toscana virus isolated, in France and Spain.

This study reported the existence of the virus in

the north, center and the south of the country.

The abundance and diversity of sandflies in

Morocco, Mediterranean climate, would support

the continuous circulation of Toscana virus, in

our country, posing a potential risk of emergence

of these arboviruses.

Keywords : sandfly, Phlebovirus, Toscana virus,

Morocco

CO V-2 : Neutral Serine Protease from

Trichoderma harzianum, Purification,

Biochemical Characterization and Use in

Antibacterial Peptides Preparation from

Scorpaena notate muscle

Aissaoui N.1, Chobert J.M.2, Haertlé T.2,Lazar

S.3, Marzouki M.N.1, Abidi F.1,2

1. Laboratory of Protein Engineering and

Bioactive Molecules, National Institute of

Applied Sciences and Technology, University of

Carthage, Tunis, Tunisia

2. Unité de Recherche 1268, Biopolymères

Interactions Assemblages, Équipe Fonctions et

Interactions des Protéines, Nantes, France


Agroalimentaire URAC 36, Université Hassan II,

Mohammedia, Morocco

Abstract

In the present study, purification and properties

of an extracellular neutral serine protease from

the fungus Penicillium italicumand and its

potential application as an antioxidant peptides

producer are reported. The protease was purified

to homogeneity using ammonium sulfate

precipitation, Sephacryl S-200 gel filtration,

DEAE-Sepharose ion exchange chromatography

and TSK-HPLC gel filtration with a 10.2-fold

increase in specific activity and 25.8% recovery.

The purified enzyme appeared as single protein-

band with a molecular mass of 24 kDa in SDS-

PAGE.

The optimum pH and temperature for the

proteolytic activity were pH 7.0 and +50°C,

respectively. The enzyme was stable in the pH

range of 6.0-8.0. The protease was activated by

divalent cations such as Ca2+ and Mg2+. Complete

inhibition of the purified enzyme by

phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride confirmed that the

protease was of serine-type. The purified enzyme

revealed high stability and relatively broad

specificity. Scorpaena notatamuscle protein

hydrolysates prepared using purified serine

protease (Prot-Pen) showed good in vitro

antioxidative activities. The antioxidant activities

of SMPH-PP were evaluated using various in

vitro antioxidant assays 1,1-diphenyl-2-

picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical-scavenging

activity, reducing power, ferrous chelating

activity and DNA nicking assay. SMPH-PP

showed varying degrees of antioxidant activity





and almost the same strongest protection against

hydroxyl radical induced DNA breakage.

However, the addition of variable amount of

SMPH-PP to the reaction mixture helped keeping

DNA into his supercoiled form.Hydrolysates

prepared by P. italicum purified protease can be

used in food systems as a natural additive

possessing antioxidative properties.

Further works should be done to purify and

identify antioxidant peptides from SMPH-PP and

determine their biological activities in vivo.

Mots Clès : serine protease, purification,

Penicillium italicum, antioxidative activity, DNA

protective effect

CO V-3 : Modélisation Mathématique de

l’Activité Autolytique de Lactococcus lactisen

fonction de Deux variables Physico-chimiques

par l’Usage des Surfaces de Réponses

Hassaine O.1*, Zadi-Karam H.1, Karam N.E.1

1. Laboratoire de Biologie des Microorganismes

et Biotechnologie, Département de

Biotechnologie, Faculté des Sciences de la

Nature et de la Vie, Université Ahmed Ben Bella,

Oran, Algérie

E-mail : [email protected]

Abstract

Chez les bactéries lactiques, l’une des propriétés

les plus recherchées est l’activité autolytique. Car

ces bactéries en s’autolysant, elles libèrent dans

la matrice tout leur arsenal enzymatique et un

ensemble d’acides aminés, contribuant ainsi à

l’apparition de nombreuses molécules riches en

saveur qui sont à la base du succès

gastronomique des produits transformés.

L’environnement industriel où ces bactéries sont

conviées à jouer pleinement le rôle pour lequel

elles ont été sélectionnées est composé d’un

nombre important de paramètres physico-

chimiques interagissant ensemble dont certains

sont contrôlés ou ajustés, afin de prédire un

résultat souhaité.

C’est dans cette ordre d’idée que nous avons

développé une approche méthodologique nous

permettant d’étudier l’interaction combinée de

deux variables (Température et NaCl), selon un

plan d’expérience composite centré et réduit

(CCD) sur la réponse de notre intérêt (l’activité

autolytique) chez une souche de Lactococcus

lactis - LCL. L’impact de ces deux facteurs sur

cette activité a été étudiée, en tampon phosphate

(50mM, pH=6,5), à différentes température et

concentrations de NaCl, selon un CCD à 12

essais (2 facteurs, 5 niveaux).

Les résultats obtenus montrent que l’action de la

température conjuguée à un effet de sel à des

concentrations faibles exerce un impact positif

sur l’activité autolytique. Une Température au

voisinage de +21°C et des concentrations très

faibles du NaCl semblent avoir un rôle essentiel,

pour une meilleur autolyse de la souche (LCL).

Ceci nous a permis de proposer un modèle

mathématique qui semble être robuste affichant

un coefficient de corrélation élevée (R2=0,93).

Mots Clés : bactéries lactiques, autolyse,

modélisation, température, NaCl

CO V-4 : Molecular Determinants of

Aggressively of Barley Yellow Dwarf Virus

BYDV-PAV Groups CPII Isolates

Bencharki B.1*, Taoussi I.1, Hilali L.1

1. Laboratoire Agroalimentaire et Santé, Faculté

des Sciences et Techniques, Université Hassan

1er, Settat, Maroc


Abstract

One the most common field cereal viruses, in

Morocco, is the barley yellow dwarf virus

(BYDV), a Luteoviridae with a wide host-range,

particularly affecting gramineacous plants.

BYDV is persistently transmitted by various

aphid species of which Rhopalosiphum padi and

Sitobion avenae appear to be the most important

natural vectors. The BYD disease is caused by a

complex of at least five viruses of which BYDV-

PAV has a large geographical distribution and

occurs at high incidence. The observation of

plant-pathogen interactions revealed a high level

of variation within BYDV-PAV.

Barley yellow dwarf virus-PAV isolates have

been splited in two distinct groups named CPI

and CPII based on capsid amino acid variation

(Bencharki et al., 1999). We have sequenced the





complete 3’ half of the genomes of two severe

and two mild CPII isolates and compared them

with those of several known BYDV-PAV CPII

isolates to assess variability and locate potential

determinants of severity. Open reading frames

(ORFs) 3, 4, 5, 6 and the untranslated regions had

different percent homologies between isolates

ORF5 (92-97%), ORF3 (88-98%), 3’

translational enhancer (87-100%) ORF4 (85-

99%), 3’ untranslated region (72-97%) and ORF6

(61-99%). In contrast to the mild isolates, the

field severe isolates (MA2005-10 and MA2005-

12) fell into the same cluster, regardless of the

genomic region analyzed. The isolates MA2005-

10 and MA2005-12 differed from the mild

isolates by eight amino acid substitutions in ORF

3 and 4 and insertions in ORF5. Four amino acid

substitutions in the 17 kDa protein encoded by

ORF4 caused a change in local net charge in the

field severe isolates. Two insertions of four

amino acids were identified in the C-terminal half

of ORF5 of the severe isolates, but were not

present systematically in all severe isolates

analyzed.

The potential relationship of these differences in

predicted amino acid sequences to disease

severity are discussed.

CO V-5 : Inhibitors Effects of Oleuropein,

Kaempferol and Quercetinon the Spike

Protein of MERS Coronavirus In Slico

Kasmi Y., Khataby K., Ennaji M.M.*

Laboratory of Virology, Microbiology and


of Sciences and Techniques, University Hassan II

of Casablanca, Mohammedia, Morocco


Abstract

The Middle East Respiratory Syndrome caused

by the MERS Coronavirus is considered as one

of the several syndrome respiratory in public

health, in worldwide, particularly, during the

pilgrimage season which represent a real danger

on the public health. It was isolated for the first

time in Saudi Arabia, in 2012, and, since then,

the epidemic extends and covers several

countries of region including Qatar, UEA and

elsewhere as China, Korea and USA. Camels are

considered the natural reservoirs of the virus.

Recently, it was reported, in Saudi Arabia, China

and Nigeria that the reservoir extends to other

animals such as bats and likely to horses and

pets.

The aim’s study is developing new Spike MERS

CoV inhibitors, in adopting the drug design and

molecular modeling path using bioinformatics

tools. Crystal structures of MERS CoV’s Spikes

glycoproteins have been received from the

database “Research Collaboratory for Structural

Bioinformatics” (RSCB).

Three hundred (300) ligands have undergone a

virtual screening by the iGEM Dock software to

select the best candidate inhibitors. Furthermore,

the affinity and interactions ligand-receptor

"MERS-CoV complexed with human DPP4"

were studied by the Docking using AutoDock

software.

The results shows that the flavonoid compounds

(FPS1) and pazoles were linked with active site

« MERS-CoVcomplexed with human DPP4» and

« the receptor binding domain RBD« the receptor

binding domain RBD of MERS CoV. The

ligands form a non-covalent bonds with the

amino acids of active site in position 426, 453,

472, 477, 513, 538, 540 and 542 whose score

between -8Kcal /mol and -10Kcal /mol.

However, the average distance bond is about 2.3

Angström.

In conclusion, the phenolic component “FPS1”

may be an effective therapeutic component for

MERS Co-V. Docking score and

pharmacological properties make it as an

effective candidate for the inhibition of spicules

links between regions and DPP4.

Keywords : MERS Coronavirus, Spike,

Docking, DPP4, inhbitor

CO V-6 : QSAR Modelling and Molecular

Docking Studies of Three Models of Delta

Opioid Receptor

Sapundzhi F.1, Dzimbova T.2, Pencheva N.1,

Milanov P.1,3

1. South-West University "Neofit Rilski",

Blagoevgrad, Bulgaria





2. Institute of Molecular Biology, Bulgarian

Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria

3. Institute of Mathematics and Informatics,

Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria

Abstract

Delta opioid receptor (DOR) takes part in the

control of chronic pain and emotional responses

therefore it is an interesting object for QSAR

modelling and molecular docking studies with

delta-opioid selective enkephalin analogues. The

purpose of this study is to find the structure-

activity relationship of a series of delta-opioid

selective enkephalin analogues, basing on the

quantitative parameters of in vitro bioassay

(efficacy, affinity and potency) [1,2] and the

results of the molecular docking with three

models of DOR : (1) DOR with crystal structure

(PDBid:4ej4) [3] ; (2) a theoretical model of

DOR (PDBe:1ozc) [4] ; (3) a model of DOR

obtained by homology modelling (named Model

B) [5]. The relationship of the quantitative

parameters of in vitro bioassay with the results

from the molecular docking was modelled with

first to third degree polynomials and surface

fitted method.

We suggest that the polynomial surface fitting of

the third order has the best fit, assessed by least

squares method for model of DOR obtained by

homology modelling. Hence, the third order of

polynomial could be used for determination the

relationship structure-biological activity between

the three models of DOR and a series of delta-

opioid selective enkephalin analogues.

This work is partially supported by the project of

the Bulgarian National Science Fund, entitled:

Bioinformatics research: protein folding, docking

and prediction of biological activity, NSF I02/16,

12.12.14.

References

[1] Pencheva N. et. al. (2004). Opioid Profiles of

Cys2-containing Enkephalin Analogues. Eur. J.

Pharmacol., 498, 249-256.

[2] Milanov P., Pencheva N. (2011). Theoretical

hyperbolic model of a partial agonism explicit

formulas for affinity, efficacy and amplification.

Serdica J. Computing, 5, 333-358.

[3] Sapundzhi F., Dzimbova T., Milanov P.,

Pencheva N., (2015). Relationship between

biological activity of δ-selective enkephalin

analogues and the results of docking experiments.

Biomath Communications, 2(1), 81.


Pencheva N. (2015). Determination of the

relationship between the docking studies and the

biological activity of δ-selective enkephalin

analogues. J. Computational Methods in

Molecular Design, 2015, 5 (2):98-108.


Pencheva N. (2015). Surface fitting of the results

of molecular docking and the biological activity

of δ-opioid selective enkephalin analogues.

Proceedings of the Sixth International Scientific

Conference – FMNS, 2015, 1, 104-112.

CO V-7 : Competitive Electrochemical

Immunosensor for Hepatitis A Detection

Based on Horseradish Peroxidase as a Signal

Amplification Label

Mandli J.1*, Attar A.1,2,*, Ennaji M.M.2*, Aziz

A.1,d

1. Laboratoire Génie des Procédés et

Environnement, Hassan II University, Faculté des

Sciences et Techniques, Mohammedia, Morocco


Qualité/ETB, Hassan II University, Faculté des

Sciences et Techniques, Mohammedia, Morocco

*E-Mail : [email protected],


azizamine@yahoofr.

Abstract

A novel sensitive immunosensor for Hepatitis A

virus (HAV) detection has been proposed. The

immunosensor configuration involves an indirect

competitive immunoassay, implying

immobilization by physical adsorption of HAV

on carbon nanopowder paste electrode (CNPE).

After reaction between the target analyte and

anti-HAV antibodies in solution, the remaining

non-conjugated antibody is attached on the HAV-

CNPE. The HAV monitoring was performed by

means of a secondary antibody labeled with

peroxidase (HRP-anti-IgG). To quantify the

amount of bound HAV-anti-HAV-anti-HRP,

hydroquinone (HQ) and hydrogen peroxide were

used. HRP catalyzes the oxidation of HQ to

benzoquinone thus, the oxidation product was

subsequently determined by chronoamperometry









with an applied potential of -0.3 V versus

Ag/AgCl reference electrode. The various factors

influencing the response characteristic of the

immunosensor (BSA, anti-HAV, HAV, IgG

labeled HRP) were evaluated. Under the

optimized experimental conditions, the resulting

immunosensor could detect HAV with a

detection limit of 1.6 IU.mL-1.

The developed immunosensor may be

successfully used for the determination of HAV,

at various concentration levels owing to its

analytical characteristics. Indeed, this

immunoassay method showed a good selectivity,

high sensitivity and a good repeatability and

could be used for the detection of HAV with

consistent results, in comparison with those

obtained by the indirect ELISA method.

Keywords : Hepatitis A virus, immunosensor,

indirect ELISA, carbon nanopowder paste

electrode

Acknowledgment

The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial

support from the American Association for the

Advancement of Science (AAAS) and the

European Commission 7th Framework Program

Marie Curie Actions People IRSES “Peptide

Nanosensors” Grant Agreement (N°294901) and

NATO Science for Peace project SFP984173.

CO V-8 : Application of the Experimental

Design for the Development of a Reverse

Hybridization Technique on Strips for

Oncogenic HPV Detection and Typing

El Aliani A.1,2, Jaddi H.1, Attaleb M.1, Ennaji

M.M.2, El Mzibri M.1*

1. Unité de Biologie et Recherche Médicale,



Qualité, FST Mohammedia, Maroc

Abstract

Cervical cancer is the second most common

cancer amongst women worldwide, accounting

for more than 273,000 deaths a year. It’s one of

very few types of cancer that have experienced

remarkable progress, in scientific, clinical and

socioeconomic areas. The clinical and

epidemiological studies have shown that the

human papillomavirus (HPV) are the major

infectious etiologic agents of genital

precancerous lesions and cancers. Cytological

screening and HPV detection and genotyping, in

women, have become a routine testing in many

countries. Although this screening has decreased

the incidence of cervical cancer, cytological

techniques lack sensitivity and HPV-related

cervical disease, including premalignant and

malignant lesions, continues to be a major burden

on health-care systems. The current trend in

cervical cancer screening is to improve the

sensitivity of screening with new methods and to

propose new algorithms for diagnostic and early

therapeutic decisions.

Basically, HPV screening and typing are based

on molecular techniques, PCR, hybridization and

sequencing. In this study, we have planned to

develop a molecular approach based on the

reverse hybridization on strips, for detection and

genotyping of oncogenic HPV 16, 18, 31, 33, 35,

45 and 58. To do that, the reverse hybridization

conditions as salinity, pH, concentration of

monovalent cations, temperature of

hybridization, incubation time were optimized,

using a chemo-metric approach called

experimental design. The assay was optimized

using a PCR product produced from a DNA

extracted from a cell line carrying HPV, 18, 31,

33, 35, 45 and 58. In the first step of this work,

we focused on developing this technique, using

one type (HPV16). Thereafter, the test was

validated by confirmed HPV samples.

The results showed adequate hybridization,

indicating 100% specificity and 86% sensitivity

of genotyping.

Further work will be devoted to the development

of the strip carrying the probes of several

oncogenic genotypes (16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 45 and

58). Development of such technique will be

useful for HPV genotyping and will be of a great

interest in cervical cancer management in

Morocco.

COV-9 : A statistical Approach for

Optimization of Lipase Production by Bacillus

subtilis

Misbah A.1, Balouiri M.1, EttadiliH.1,

Ibnsouda Koraichi S.1,2, Tahri Jouti M.A.1






Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdellah, Fès, Maroc

2. Cité d’innovation, Université Sidi Mohammed

Ben Abdellah, Fès, Maroc

*E-Mail : [email protected] /

[email protected]

Abstract

Lipases are serine hydrolases defined as

triacylglycerol acylhydrolases (EC 3.1.1.3), wich

catalyse a partial or complete hydrolysis of

triglycerides to glycerol and free fatty acids over

the oil-water interface. However, in non-aqueous

conditions, they catalyse the reverse reactions

such as esterification, interesterification and

transesterification. The recent interest, in the

production of lipases, is associated with their

applications as additives in food, fine chemicals,

detergent, waste water treatment, cosmetics and

pharmaceuticals.

Considering the importance of microorganisms as

miniature factories for lipase enzyme production,

the present study deals with the preliminary

isolation of several strains, qualitative screening

of lipase producing strains, simultaneous

selection of best lipase producing strain based on

quantitative lipase assay in liquid medium and

optimization of various critical medium

components, in order to maximize the lipase

production by the selected bacterial.

Lipases producing microorganisms were isolated

from the traditional tannery of Fez city in

Morocco. These colonies were screened

qualitatively on selective agar medium containing

1% of Rhodamine-B and 1% of olive oil. The

thirteen positive isolates were further screened

for maximal secretion of extracellular lipase by

assaying the lipase activity in liquid culture using

4-Nitophenyl acetate as a substrate at +37°C. The

Bacillus Subitils strain, which showed the highest

activity, was selected then used in the

optimization experiments. Different parameters

viz. carbon and nitrogen sources, surfactants,

metal ions, incubation temperature and pH of the

production medium were evaluated using one-

variable-at-time optimization strategy to select

variables having the most significant impact on

lipase production. After preliminary studies olive

oil, Tween 80, MgCl2 and inoculum size were

selected as the crucial components of the

production medium which affected the lipase

production.

The concentration of the selected critical medium

parameters was further optimized employing

response surface methodology for enhancing

lipase production.

Keywords : lipase, Bacillus subtilis,

optimization, response surface methodology

COV-10 : Bionomics of Anopheles sergentii

and First Molecular Detection of Its

Insecticide Resistant Genes Kdr and Ace-1 in

Morocco

Benabdelkrim Filali O.1,2, Kabine M.2,

Bkhache M.1, Sarihi M.

1. Laboratoire des Maladies Vectorielles, Institut

Pasteur du Maroc, Casablanca, Maroc

2. Laboratoire de Biochimie et Biologie

Moléculaire, Faculté des Sciences, Université

Hassan II, Mohammedia, Maroc

*Email : [email protected]

An. sergentii is considered as the main vectors of

the malaria in the south of Morocco. The disease

was eliminated, in 2008, and only imported cases

are reported nowadays, but Morocco remains

vulnerable because of the intensive circulation of

gametocytes carriers, the lack of protective

immunity of resident population and the presence

of potential vectors, in formerly malarious areas.

This risk of reemergence of malaria in this region

may change with climatic and environmental

modifications as well as with increasing of

imported malaria from sub-Saharian Africa.

This study will provide baselines information on

An. sergentii bionomics and for the first time its

resistance to insecticides in Morocco by

investigating the presence of Kdr L1014F and

Ace-1 (G119S) mutations.

Adult population densitie were estimated during

mosquito activity from April to September.

Mosquitoes resting fauna inside randomly

selected houses were collected in the morning in

human habitation and animal shelters by







pyrethroid spray using standard procedures. The

investigated sites were negative for Anopheles

sergentii during April to juin 2015 and were only

found and collected since July to September

2015. In total, 123 adults of Anopheles

sergentii were collected. Preimaginal stages were

collected and density estimated in each breeding

site by the dipping method. Only 7 Anopheles

sergentii larvaes were collected in two habitats.

And it was highly associated with rural habitat,

clear water, and sunlight areas. Larvae of

Anopheles cinereus, Anopheles labranchiae and

Culexpipiens existed together with Anopheles

sergentii. Environmental parameters of the

breeding sites were recorded.

All the collected mosquitos were identified by

using taxonomic keys and are currently tested for

the presence of Kdr mutation, by using PCR

assay and sequencing the amplified fragments of

vgsc, and the G119S mutation by using PCR-

RFLP assay. And they are expected to be ready

by the time of the conference.

Keywords : Anopheles sergentii, bionomics,

resistance, Kdr, Ace-1, Morocco

CO V-11 : Novonestmycins A and B, Two Non

Polyenic Antifungal Derivatives Newly

Produced by Streptomyces sp. Z26 :

Purification and Structural Elucidation

Nafis A.1,2, Oubaha B.1, Azmani A.1, Hassani

L.1, Niedermeyer T.2, Barakate M.1


des Microorganismes, Faculté des Sciences,


2. Institut interfacultaire de Microbiologie et des

Infections médicales (IMIT), Université de

Tübingen-Allemand, Allemagne


Abstract

Les mycoses ont augmenté de manière élevée,

durant la dernière décennie, et, se classent au

quatrième rang des infections nosocomiales, à

cause des insuffisances encore perceptibles

constatées, lors des traitements des mycoses, de

la recrudescence des maladies microbiennes et de

la résistance de plus en plus rapide des

microorganismes aux antibiotiques. Par ailleurs,

les molécules antifongiques polyéniques

disponibles, à l’heure actuelle, en thérapeutique,

ne réunissent pas les critères définissant

l’antibiotique idéal : toxicité spécifique vis-à-vis

de l’agent pathogène, bonne diffusion dans

l’organisme, large spectre d’activité in vivo,

…etc.

C’est pourquoi de nouveaux antifongiques non

toxiques (non polyéniques) doivent être

recherchés. Les actinomycètes, bactéries

mycéliennes à Gram positif, sont

particulièrement très intéressants, par leur grande

capacité à produire des métabolites secondaires

avec des structures chimiques diversifiées. Le

présent travail a ainsi pour objectif la recherche

des antifongiques non polyéniques produites par

la souche Streptomyces sp. Z26 d’origine

marocaine.

Durant le programme du screening des

actinomycètes doués d’activité antifongique non

polyénique, nous avons utilisé en 1er lieu 480

isolats de différents écosystèmes marocains rares

contre 16 champignons filamenteux et levures,

plus particulièrement quelques espèces de

Candida et d’Aspergillus. Après l’étude de

certaines propriétés biologiques et la

comparaison des spectres UV-visible avec les

antifongiques polyéniques connus, la souche

Streptomyces sp. Z26 sélectionnée a subit une

fermentation de 2 semaines dans le milieu NL

300 et les substances bioactives produites ont été

extraites à partir de la phase aqueuse et purifier

par HPLC.

Le schéma d’extraction et de purification des

substances bioactives a montré que Streptomyces

sp. Z26 produit plusieurs molécules à activité

antifongique non polyénique, et, ceci, en

comparaison avec la banque des bases des

données des substances naturelles bioactives. Les

analyses spectroscopiques (RMN du proton et du

carbone 13, spectrométrie de masse,

COSY…etc.) ont permis d'aboutir à la

détermination des structures chimiques de deux

molécules et de démontrer que ce sont des

dérivés de Novonestmycins spécialement A

(C62H100O24) et B (C68H110O26).

Mots Clés : mycose, Actinomycète, écosystèmes

marocains rares, Novonestmycin, antifongique

non polyénique





COV-12 : Can The Available Vaccine (Mass-

type H120) of Avian Infectious Bronchitis

Able To Protect Against A New Emerging

Italy02 Genotype in Moroccan Broiler

Chickens ?

Khataby K.1,2*, Kichou F.3, Loutfi C.2, Ennaji

M.M.1*

1. Laboratory of Virology, Microbiology, Quality

& Biotechnologies / Ecotoxicology &


Techniques-Mohammedia, Morocco


3. Agronomic and Veterinary Institute Hassan II,

Rabat, Morocco

*E-mail : [email protected] /

[email protected]

Emergence of a novel strain of Italy02-genotype

from vaccinated and unvaccinated chicken flocks

in Morocco, remains a problem for the poultry

industry and vaccine manufacturers. Therefore,

this study aims to evaluate the protection

conferred by a most commonly conventional-

vaccine (Mass-typeH120) used against

Italy02strain recently isolated from Moroccan

Broiler Chickens.

180one-day-old specific pathogen free chickens

were divided randomly into six groups. Two

groups were immunized intra-ocularly with

103EID50, the first group vaccinated at one-day-

old, the second group vaccinated at one-day-old

and boosted at 14 days-old. Whereas, two others

groups were kept as no-immunized controls.

3weeks after vaccination, all birds were

challenged intraoculo-nasally with 103.5EID50 of

Italy02 virus. Chickens in each group were

monitored for 14days post-challenge.

Vaccinated birds appeared healthy with no

clinical signs attributable to virus challenge

except a very mild conjunctivitis affecting a

limited number of birds vaccinated once.

Vaccination fully protected specific pathogen

free birds, since no histopathological lesions were

observed in the trachea of the birds vaccinated

twice with a high significant difference (P<0.05).

Replication of the challenge virus was prevented

in the birds vaccinated twice, however not

prevented in those vaccinated once where it was

significantly reduced. Moreover, the challenge

virus was re-isolated from 50% of birds

vaccinated once, while for chicks vaccinated

twice; viral RNA was detected in 10% of birds.

Vaccination twice has provided a better

immunological boost and gave a higher antibody

response.

Results demonstrated that the conventional-

vaccine (H120) is capable to protect against this

new genotype(Italy02) emerging in Moroccan

poultry farms, especially when the vaccination

program fully respected.

Keywords : avian infectious bronchitis,

Italy02, vaccination, Massachusetts

serotype, Broiler Chickens, protection

COV-13 : A Simple, Rapid and Efficient

Method of Pepino mosaic virus RNA Isolation

from Tomato Fruit

Souiri A.1,2,3*, Zemzami M.3, Khataby K.1,

Laatiris H.3, Amzazi S.2, Ennaji M.M.1


Quality, Ecotoxicology and Biodiverity, Faculty

of Science and Techniques Mohammedia,

University Hassan II of Casablanca,

Mohammedia, Morocco

2. Laboratory of Biochemistry and Immunology,

Faculty of Sciences, University of Mohammed V,

Rabat, Morocco

3. Laboratory of Sanitary Control, Control Unit

of Plants, DomainesAgricolesMaâmora, Salé,

Morocco


Abstract

The main concern in molecular detection of RNA

viral pathogens, in plants, is the achievement of

good quality of the extracted RNA. Various

methods of isolating RNAs from both

polysaccharide-rich and poor tissues and other

recalcitrant plants are available. However, the use

of time and reagent consuming methods and

those involving hazardous chemicals is somewhat

cumbersome and problematic, especially when it

is not necessary for specific purposes like

isolating viral RNA from tomato fruit, hence the

objective of this paper.

We describe an alternative, simple and rapid

method for preparing viral RNA from tomato





fruit without RNA extraction and purification

steps, case of Pepino mosaic virus (PepMV).

The method employs mechanical treatment and

suspension in water. The quality of RNA

obtained was judged by spectrometric readings

and validated in RT-PCR assays. The used

protocol was compared with the usual TRIzol

method.

The results showed that the yield and the quality

of RNA obtained using the proposed method are

efficient and highly yielded in comparison with

TRIzol method. Moreover, the developed method

successfully allowed a sensitive and

reproductible detection of PepMV predicted

bands in RT-PCR.

Thus, molecular detection of PepMV from

tomato fruit can be performed routinely without

fastidious RNA isolation. As well, this will make

the diagnosis of other RNA viruses infecting

tomato crops easier and less time-consuming, in

comparison with the other methods performed

with expensive commercial kits and those

involving toxic chemicals.

Finally, the described established method will

contribute effectively in strategies of

phytosanitary and certification programs of

tomato crops worldwide.

Keywords : tomato, RNA isolation, Pepino

mosaic virus, molecular diagnosis

COV-14 : Assessment of Genetic Diversity

among 16 Sorghum accessions in Morocco

using SSRs Markers

Alloudane R.1, Ezzakkioui F.1, El Mourabit

N.2, Barrijal S.1*

1. Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences

and Techniques, University of Abdelmalek

Essaadi, Tangier, Morocco

2. National Institute of Agronomy Research,

Tangier, Morocco

*E-mail : [email protected] ;

[email protected]

Abstract

The understanding of genetic diversity within

local crop varieties constitutes an important step,

in the preservation of their genetic potential.

The aim of this study was to assess the genetic

diversity of Sorghum (sorghum bicolor L.

Moench) cultivated in the Northwest of Morocco.

A total of 16 accessions of sorghum were

estimated, using 11 microsatellites markers

(SSRs). The alleles were called and sized using

Gel Analyzer software version 3. The molecular

data analysis software’s Cervus version 3.0.7 was

used to calculate the different diversity indices

within and between populations and NTSYS

2.0.1 software was used to calculate Jaccard

distance and to establish a dendrogram.

Our results showed that for all loci analyzed 306

polymorphic alleles were detected with a mean

value of 5,36 per locus and the polymorphic

information content ( PIC ) was in the range

0.19-0.80 showing the good discriminatory

power of the SSR loci used. Average observed of

heterozygoty across all accessions ranged 0.21-

0.82, suggesting an important genetic diversity

within sorghum landraces.

Cluster analysis using unweighted pair group

method arithmetic average (UPGMA) based on

Jaccard distance revealed four major groups.

In conclusion, this study demonstrated the utility

of SSR markers, in detecting polymorphisms,

estimating genetic diversity and establishment of

genetic clusters.

Keywords : Sorghum bicolor L. Moench, SSRs

markers, PIC, genetic diversity, Morocco






Poster


Poster Communication: Theme II

Mohammedia, October 24-26th, 2016

PI-1 : Detection of Carbapenemases and

Metallo-β-Lactamases Production in

Acinetobacter baumannii by Phenotypic Tests

El Hafa H.1, Louzi H.2, Zerouali K.3, Belhaj A.1

1. Ecology and Biodiversity of Wetlands Team,


Moulay Ismail University, Meknes, Morocco

2. Medical Biology Laboratory of Regional

Military Hospital Moulay Ismail, Meknes,

Morocco

3. Laboratory of Microbiology, Faculty of

Medicine and Pharmacy, Casablanca, Morocco

Abstract

Acinetobacter baumannii is an emerging multi-

drug resistant opportunistic pathogen that causes

a diversity of nosocomial infections. The most

dominant mechanism of carbapenem resistance,

in A. baumannii, is enzymatic degradation by

carbapenemases.

The aim of this work was to study the resistance

profile and to detect carbapenemases and

Metallo-β-Lactamase producing in A. baumannii

isolates.

This study was done to detect carbapenemases

and Metallo-β-lactamase producing in A.

baumannii isolates in three hospitals in Morocco

from March 2015 to December 2015. The

identification tests were firstly colonial

morphology, Gram stain, oxidase test and

catalase production. The identification was

confirmed by API 20NE. During this period, a

total of 37 strains of A. baumannii were collected

and were subjected to Modified Hodge Test

(MHT) and Imipenem-EDTA double disc

synergy test (DDST).

Susceptibility testing of A. baumannii isolates

revealed broad resistance profiles especially to

Amikacin (51.35%). Among 37 A.baumannii

isolates, 33 (89.18%) were carbapenem resistant

and 12 isolates were suspected carbapenemase

producing (36.36%) by Modified Hodge test

(MHT), 8 of them found to be MBL producers by

DDST.

This study reveals an outbreak of nosocomial

infection caused by carbapenemase producing

Acinetobacter baumannii isolates. Furthermore,

Modified Hodge Test seems a simple test which

can be performed, in the routine laboratory,

for carbapenemases detection, in isolates

presenting intermediate or sensitive zone

diameter on disc diffusion.

Keywords : A.baumannii, carbapenemase,

metallo-β-lactamase, Modified Hodge test

PI-2 : Prevalence and Molecular

Characterization of Epstein Barr Virus

Associated to Nasopharyngeal Diseases in

Adult Moroccan Population : Preliminary

Study

Alaoui Boukhris S.1, Elalami N.2, Bennani B.1



Pharmacie, Fès, Morocco

2. Service d’Oto-Rhino-Laryngologie, Centre

Hospitalier Universitaire Hassan II, Fès, Morocco


Abstract

Epstein Barr Virus (EBV) is involved in

nasopharyngeal diseases and especially

nasopharyngeal carcinoma. The aim of this study

is to determine the prevalence of EBV infection

and its genotypes, in our region, and, to establish

the association between variants and pathologies,

in patients with nasopharyngeal diseases.

Patients attending the Oto Rhino Laryngology

department of Hassan II university hospital of

Fez, and, for whom nasopharyngeal biopsy was

prescribed, were asked to enroll this study.

Biopsies taken from nasopharyngeal area of

consenting patients were examined by PCR to

detect EBV. The molecular characterization

consisted on the determination of EBV type

(A/B) and LMP1, Xho, BamH and BamW

genotyping. EBV and pathology correlations

were done using SPSS software.

During the period of this study, 139 patients were

recruited with a mean age of 40 years [3-78].

About half of them (50.5%) were with carcinoma,

5.4% were with lymphoma and 44.1% were with

non-malignant pathology. EBV have been

detected in 57.6% of cases with predominance of



Poster Communication: Theme I


type A (91.3%). 30pb deletion of LMP1 (72.5%),

BamH“F” (98.4%) and BamW“i” (66.7%) were

the most prevalent variants. XhoI restriction site

was detected in 71.4% of cases. A significant

association has been detected between EBV

infection and carcinoma, in fact 83.9% of patients

with carcinoma were EBV positives (p<0.01).

The preliminary results show that the prevalence

of EBV infection is 57.6% with Type A

predominance (91.3%). The highest rates of

infection have been determined in carcinoma and

lymphoma patients.

Keywords : EBV,PCR, genotype,

nasopharyngeal carcinoma

PI-3 : Bacterial Sexually Transmitted

Infections in Fez Region

Karim S.1,5, Souho T.1,5, Banani A.2, Bouchikhi

C. 2,3, El Fatemi H.4, Erraghay S.2, Bennani B.1,

3



pharmacie, Fès, Maroc

2. Service de Gynécologie, Centre Hospitalier

Universitaire Hassan II, Fès, Maroc

3. Équipe Micro-organismes Génomique et

Facteurs Oncogènes, Laboratoire de Pathologie

Humaine, Biomédecine et Environnement,

Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Fès, Maroc

4. Laboratoire Centrale, Centre Hospitalier

Universitaire Hassan II, Fès, Maroc

5. Laboratoire de Biotechnologie, Faculté des

Sciences Dhar el Mehraz, Fès, Maroc

Abstract

Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) such as

Chlamydia trachomatis (C. trachomatis),

Neisseria gonorrhoeae (N. gonorrhoeae) and

Mycoplasma are major public health problems

worldwide. If not treated, they cause severe

diseases that include pelvic inflammatory disease,

ectopic pregnancies and infertility. STIs

prevalence is higher, in developing countries,

where detection and treatment are less accessible

compared to developed countries.

The aim of this study was to determine the

prevalence of C. trachomatis, N. gonorrhoeae,

Mycoplasma hominis (M. hominis) and

Ureaplasma urealyticum (U. urealyticum), in

women attending some department of Hassan II

University Hospital of Fez, Morocco. This study

was approved by the ethics committee of

Medicine faculty of Fez.

Endocervical samples were collected from

consenting women attending the gynecology

department or the laboratory of Anatomo

Pathology of CHU-Fez. The DNA from those

samples was extracted and tested by PCR to

detect C. trachomatis, N.gonorrhoeae, M.hominis

and U.urealyticum,using specific primers for each

infectious agent.

A total of 1054 cervical samples were collected in

this study. Enrolled women from urban and rural

areas were aged 16-85 years old, with a mean age

of 42.8 (±12) years. The prevalence of

U.urealyticum, N.gonorrhoeae, M.hominis and

C.trachomatis was 18.4%, 14.1%, 5.8% and

1.6%, respectively, and, the overall STIs

prevalence, in the studied population, was 32.7%.

The prevalence of detected species is relatively

different from that determined, in European

countries. So, it's marked by the relatively high

rates of U. urealuticum, N. gonorrhoeae, M.

hominis and low rate of C. trachomatis. Our

study highlights the need to reinforce the genital

infections screening.

Keywords : prevalence, C. trachomatis, N.

gonorrhoeae, U. urealyticum, M. hominis

PI-4 : Development of Multiplex of PCR and

Fragments Analysis for High Risk

Papillomavirus Genotyping

Souho T.1, Bennani B.1, 2



Pharmacie de Fès, Université Sidi Mohammed

Ben Abdellah, Fez, Morocco

2. Équipe Micro-organismes, Génomique et



Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie de Fès,

Université Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdellah, Fez,

Morocco





[email protected]

Abstract

Human Papillomavirus (HPV) genotyping is

determinant element, in cervical cancer

prevention. It allows the establishment of

epidemiologic profiles and help to identify

women at cervical cancer risk. Existing PCR-

based genotyping methods require many steps or

specialized equipment, long assay duration and

high cost. This affects their routine use,

especially, in developing countries. Therefore, the

aim of this study was to develop a new, low cost,

HPV genotyping method that can be easily used

in routine.

A multiple alignment of forty HPV L1 gene

sequences was performed, in order to choose

specific primers for each HR-HPV. Chosen

primers were labeled with different fluorophores

and used as reverse primers, in multiplex PCR

with MY11 as a common forward primer. The

amplified fragments lengths were detected by

fluorescence, with capillary electrophoresis. This

technique was optimized on plasmids of viral

genomes and evaluated on 70 HPV positive

clinical specimens (MY11/MY09), by comparing

obtained results with sequencing results. Fifteen

designed HR-HPV types specific reverse primers

and fluorescently labeled were used on two

multiplex PCR with MY11 as forward primer.

The PCR products lengths were determined by

capillary electrophoresis.

Amplification results shows that all the sixteen

targeted genotypes (types 16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 39,

45, 51, 52, 53, 56, 58, 59, 68,73 and 82) were

identified, specifically and repeatedly, in simple

and multiple infections in both artificial and

clinical samples.

The developed technique is sensitive, specific,

easy to perform and appropriate, for routine

laboratory use and high throughput screening

programs.

Keywords : human Papillomavirus, High risk

genotypes, multiplex PCR, fragment

electrophoresis, genotyping

PI-5 : High Risk Genotypes Distribution in Fez

Region

Ouho T.1, El Fatemi H.2, Karim S.1,3,

Bouchikhi C.3,4, Banani A.4, Melhouf M.A.1,3,5,

Bennani B.1,3



Pharmacie de Fès, Université Sidi Mohammed

Ben Abdellah, Fez, Morocco

2. Laboratoire Central d'Analyse Médicale,

Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Hassan II, Fez,

Morocco

3. Équipe Micro-organismes, Génomique et



Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie de Fès,

Université Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdellah, Fez,

Morocco

4. Service de Gynécologie Obstétrique I , Centre

Hospitalier Universitaire Hassan II, Fez,

Morocco

5. Service de Gynécologie Obstétrique II, Centre

Hospitalier Universitaire Hassan II, Fez,

Morocco

Abstract

High-risk Human Papillomavirus (HR-HPV)

genotypes are responsible for cellular lesions that

can evolve to invasive cervical cancer. In

Morocco, there is a lack of epidemiological data

on HR-HPV genotypes distribution that's limits

the implementation of cervical cancer prevention

programs. In this study we aim to determine the

prevalence of each HR-HPV genotype among

women, in Fez region.

A prospective study was conducted from March

2013 to February 2015 and was approved by the

ethics committee of Faculty of Medicine of Fez.

Cervical samples were collected from consenting

women attending two department of Hassan II

University Hospital. DNA was extracted and

subjected to PCR to detect HPV. Positive samples

were genotyped using a newly developed method

based on multiplex PCR and fragment analysis to

identify specifically sixteen HPV genotypes

(HPV16, HPV18, HPV31, HPV33, HPV35,

HPV39, HPV45, HPV51, HPV52, HPV53,

HPV56, HPV58, HPV59, HPV68, HPV73 and

HPV82).

A total of 1054 cervical samples were collected

from women aged 16 to 85 years old with a mean

age of 42, 3 ± 12 years. HPV DNA detection was




performed for all samples and reveals an infection

rate of 39,8%. A quarter of infections were linked

to HR-HPV types with a predominance of

HPV53, 16, 35, 51 and 56.

HPV is an important public health concern in this

region, with a particular HR types distribution.

The results of this preliminary study already show

that future cervical cancer prevention programs in

Morocco should pay more attention to genotypes

HPV35, HPV53 and HPV51.

Keywords : human Papillomavirus, high-risk

genotypes distribution, Fez region, PCR

multiplex, fragment analysis

PI-6 : Helicobacter pylori Inflammation et

Cancer Gastrique

Bounder G.1, 2*, Nadifiyine S.1, Boura H.1,

Lebrazi H.2, Maachi F.1

1. Laboratoire De Pathologie Oncologie

Digestive, Institut Pasteur du maroc, Casablanca,

Maroc


et l’Athérosclérose, Faculté des Sciences Ben

Msik, Casablanca, Morocco


Abstract

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) est une bactérie

pathogène colonisant l’estomac de la moitié de la

population mondiale, reconnue par l’OMS,

comme la seule bactérie carcinogène de classe I

et considérée comme la principale cause de

cancer gastrique (CG) hors cardia. La prévalence

de l’infection à H. pylori chez les sujets atteints

d’un CG hors cardia est de plus de 93% et

l’éradication de H. pylori peut diminuer

l’incidence du CG jusqu’à 25 %. Au Maroc, la

prévalence de l'infection à H.pylori est de 69,2%

dont 3,2% souffrait de CG. À l’échelle mondiale,

le CG occupe le 4ème rang des cancers les plus

fréquents (1 million cas par an) et le 2ème rang

comme cause de mortalité par cancer (700 000

décès par an). Au Maroc, le CG est le second

cancer digestif, après les cancers colorectaux et la

5ème cause de décès par cancer.

L’évolution vers le cancer gastrique peut être liée

à des facteurs bactériens, des facteurs

environnementaux et des facteurs génétiques de

l’hôte tel que le polymorphisme des gènes de

certaines cytokines inflammatoires. Chez la

population marocaine la mutation TNFα-238 A

> G est associée à une augmentation de risque de

CG. Il est donc nécessaire d’éradiquer ce

pathogène quand il est détecté, pour éviter tout

risque d’apparition de cancer gastrique.

Mots Clés : Helicobacter pylori, inflammation,

cancer gastrique

PI-7 : Aspects Épidémiologiques et Cliniques

de l’Infection à Helicobacter pylori à travers

une Étude Marocaine

Bounder G.1,2, Essadik A.1,2, Rafik I4, Boura

H.1, Nadifiyine S.1, Lebrazi H.2, Benomar H.3,

Maachi F.1


Digestive, Institut Pasteur, Casablanca, Maroc


et l’Athérosclérose. Faculté des Sciences Ben

Msik, Casablanca, maroc

3. Laboratoire d’Anatomo Cyto Pathologie,



Casablanca, Maroc


Abstract

Helicobacter pylori (H.pylori) colonise l'estomac

d'environ la moitié de la population humaine dans

le monde. L’infection par cette bactérie est

chronique et peut évoluer de la gastrite à des

pathologies graves telles que les ulcères gastro

duodénaux et le cancer gastrique. Dans les pays

en développement, l’infection à H. pylori

constitue un problème de santé publique. Le but

de cette étude est de déterminer la prévalence de

l’infection à H. pylori et d’étudier l’impact des

différents facteurs épidémiologiques ainsi que les

principales maladies gastriques associées à cette

infection chez une population marocaine.

L’étude épidémiologique a été faite sur 837

patients, les renseignements cliniques et

socioéconomiques sont collectés sur des dossiers

archivés (1998 – 2011), à l’Institut Pasteur du




Maroc et dans un centre médical de

gastroentérologie à Casablanca. L’examen

histologique, réalisé sur des biopsies, visait à

rechercher des anomalies de la muqueuse

gastrique, une inflammation ou un processus

cancéreux, et, à révéler, en second lieu, la

présence de H. pylori.

La prévalence de l’infection à H. pylori, chez la

population étudiée, est de 69,2%, avec une

prédominance (80,2%) chez le groupe de [31- 40

ans]. Le sexe ne présentait aucun effet significatif

sur la prévalence. Une corrélation significative a

été observée entre la prévalence de l’infection à

H. pylori et le développement des gastrites

chroniques (91,8%), dont 35,5% appartient au

groupe de [31- 40 ans].

Les résultats de cette étude indiquent que le

groupe d’âge [31-40 ans] présente la plus forte

prévalence de l’infection à H. pylori et le taux le

plus élevé de gastrites. Il constituerait ainsi un

terrain de risque pour la survenue d’un cancer

gastrique.

PI-8 : Intestinal Carriage of Vancomycin

Resistant Enterococcus in Community Setting

in Casablanca

Hanaoui I.1,2,3, Barguiguaa A.1,4, Timinouni

M.1, El Azharid M., Ait Chaoui A.2

1. Molecular Bacteriology Laboratory, Pasteur


2. Laboratory of biological Engineering, Faculty

of Sciences and technics, Sultane Moulay

Slimane University, Beni Mellal, Morocco

3. Medical Bacteriology Laboratory, Pasteur


4. Microbiology laboratory, faculty of medicine

and pharmacy.


Abstract

This study aimed to determine the rate of

intestinal carriage of vancomycin resistant

Enterococci (VRE) and to perform a phenotypic

and genotypic characterisation of VRE isolates in

the community in Casablanca, Morocco.

During 6 months in 2014, 113 faecal samples

were examined for the presence of Enterococci.

Antibiotic susceptibility of the isolates was

determined by the disk diffusion method.

Phenotypic and genotypic species identification

was performed and the vanA, vanB and vanC

genes were detected by PCR. All bacterial isolate

were subjected to amplification and sequencing

of the 16S rRNA gene.

In total, 100 strains were collected from a

community population of 80 persons. So, 55% of

the isolates were identified as Enterococcus

faecium and 45% as Enterococcus faecalis. The

resistance profile showed that 88% of the strains

were multiresistant. The rate of faecal carriage of

VRE was 21% (n = 21), among which 8 strains

were E.faecalis (17.8% of all E. faecalis) and 13

strains were E. faecium (23.6% of all E.faecium).

PCR analysis revealed that all of the strains were

resistant to vancomycin owing to possession of

the vanA gene.

The emergence of VRE and the high rate of

colonisation by multiresistant Enterococci are

alarming. Strict measures are required to control

the further spread of these strains in the

Moroccan community.

Keywords : intestinal carriage, Enterococcus,

resistance, vancomycin, moroccan community

PI-9 : Evaluation of The in vitro Anticancer

Activity of Berberine Alone and In

Combination With A Nitric Oxide Donor On

Tumor Cells

El Khalki L., Tilaoui M., Jaafari A., Ait Mouse

H., Zyad A.*

Laboratory of Génie Biologic, Team of Natural

Substances, Cellular and Molecular

Immunopharmacology, Immunobiology of

Cancer cells, Faculty of Sciences and

Technology, University of Sultan Moulay

Slimane, Béni Mellal, Morocco


Abstract

As it is well believed that plants are the big

reservoir of drugs, we investigated the antitumor

and the antioxidant effects of two extracts from

the bark of the roots of Berberis vulgaris,

ethanolic and ethyl acetate extracts.





The study on antitumor activity of these extracts

was evaluated by the MTT test on epithelial

MCF-7 cell line (human breast adenocarcinoma)

which revealed the differential effects of the two

extracts where the ethanolic extract is the most

cytotoxic one unlike the ethyl acetate extract.

The most fascinating thing is that we found that

these two extracts had no cytotoxic effect on

normal human cells PBMC (peripheral blood

mononuclear cells), when the not targeting the

tumor cells by anticancer drugs is what causing

the systemic toxicity. The qualitative

phytochemical examination performed on the

ethanolic extract showed the presence of several

molecules including berberine as its principal

content. It has been well demonstrated that

oxidative and nitrosative stress (reactive oxygen

species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species

(RNS) production cause cell damage that plays an

important role in cancer development. But, in the

other hand, too many findings suggest that

excessive concentrations of nitric oxide (NO)

show cytotoxic effects against tumor cell lines.

These multifaceted findings of NO effects on

human health lead us to examine its potential

effect on the MCF-7 cell line using the Crystal

Violet cytotoxicity test.

Finally, as it is well demonstrated, in this paper,

that berberine shows its cytotoxic effect against

the MCF-7cell line, we evaluated the combination

effect of both berberine and NO against MCF-7

by using the Talalay and Chou synergy test.

Keywords : antioxidant activity, antitumor

activity, berberine, Berberis vulgaris, ethanolic

extract, nitric oxide

PI-10 : Study of Signaling Pathways in HPV

Related Cervical Cancer

Laasri F.E.¹, Ennaji M.M.¹*

1. Laboratory of Virology, Microbiology, Quality

and Biotechnologies/ Ecotoxicology and

Biodiversity, Faculty of sciences and techniques-

Mohammedia. University of Hassan II

Casablanca – Morocco


Abstract

Signaling pathway is the mechanisms by which a

cell communicates with other cells and also with

her environment. The activation of the protein

cascades is the result of ligand binding to cell

receptors. This process affects gene transcription

levels. By this process, a cell is able to transform

external stimuli into a biochemical signal which

controls any biological effects (proliferation,

differentiation, apoptosis …).

Cancer is a disease that is characterized by the

dysregulation of many signaling pathways.

Consequently, numerous elements targeting these

pathways have been proposed as therapeutic

targets. The alterations of some crucial pathways

controlling cell proliferation and apoptosis, such

as ERK/MAPK, PI3K/Akt, Wnt/β-catenin and

Notch, have been identified in different types of

cancer. Cervical cancer specifically is the fourth

most common cancer in women worldwide.

Persistent infection with Human Papillomavirus

HPV is an essential factor for cervical cancer

development. Types of HPV that are related to

cancer are those classified as high-risk HPV HR-

HP (HPV-16 and HPV18).

The aim of our study is to investigate the HPV

involvement, in the dysregulation of the different

signaling pathways that has shown their

implication in the carcinogenic process. For that

purpose techniques as reel time PCR and flow

cytometry will be used.

Deciphering the precise mechanisms by which

HPV oncogenes contribute, in the different

signaling pathways modulation, will definitely

help to elucidate HPV-related carcinogenesis.

This information could eventually aid in

identifying biomarkers of prognosis and

consequently contribute to the design of more

effective targeted therapeutics.

Keywords : Cancer, cervical cancer, flow

cytometry, HPV, HR-HPV, signaling pathways

PI-11 : Prevalence of Methicillin Resistant

Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus sp.

Strains in The Oral Cavity of Moroccan

Patients with Chronic Peridontitis

Chebak M.1, Zinedine A.2*, Zouhdi M.3





1. Faculté de Médecine Dentaire, Université


2. Faculté des Sciences, Université Chouaib

Doukkali, El Jadida, Maroc

3. Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie,

Université Mohammed V, Rabat, Maroc


Abstract

Chronic periodontitis is an infectious disease

caused by oral bacteria, mainly characterized by

inflammation, attachment los and bone

destruction. Some studies suggest that the chronic

periodontitis may influence oral microorganisms

and lead to the development of pathogenic

bacteria in this ecosystem.

The present cross-sectional study included a

group of 15 of patients with chronic periodontitis

chosen from the Consultation and Dental

Treatment Center (CCDT) in the Universitary

Center Hospital of Rabat. The main objective of

this study was to assess the presence of

Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus

strains (MRSA) and Streptococcus sp. strains in

the oral cavity of Moroccan patients with chronic

periodontitis and also identifying the risk factors

associated to the presence of these micro-

organisms, in the studied population.

Results revealed the presence of commensally

bacteria in patients with chronic periodontitis and

the absence of pathogenic oral bacteria like S.

aureus strains. This absence of pathogenic oral

bacteria is probably related to the small size of

patient’s sample.

Keywords : oral cavity, chronic periodontitis,

methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus,

MRSA, Streptococcus sp

PI-12 : Profil Bactériologique des Infections

Urinaires Diagnostiquées à la Ville

d’Ouazzane

Boughribil S.1, Keridou A.2, Fakhri A.1, Bessi

H.1 , Benchekroun M.N.1, Ennaji M.M.1

1. Laboratoire de Virologie Microbiologie &

Qualité & Biotechnologies / Eco-toxicologie et

Biodiversité (LVMQB/ETB), Faculté des

Sciences et Techniques, Université Hassan II,

Mohammedia, Maroc

2.Laboratoire Al Hayat, Ouazzane, Maroc

Abstract

L’objectif de notre étude est d’analyser la

distribution des bactéries responsables des

infections urinaires, dans la ville d’Ouazzane, et,

d’étudier la sensibilité de Escherichia coli aux

antibiotiques.

L’étude est effectuée sur un total de 215

échantillons, 122 du sexe féminin et 93 du sexe

masculin. Tous les échantillons ont subi un

examen cytobactériologique des urines (ECBU).

Cet examen permet de diagnostiquer, avec

précision l’infection urinaire, en isolant le

microorganisme responsable (bactérie ou levure)

et de déterminer sa sensibilité aux antibiotiques.

Les résultats des analyses ont montré que 40%

des échantillons testés sont positifs.

Indépendamment du sexe, la tranche d’âge la plus

touchée est comprise entre 15 et 65 ans, avec une

prédominance féminine nette de 62%. Dans cette

pathologie, les entérobactéries sont les plus

impliquées. La distribution globale des bactéries

montre une prédominance plus marquée de E.

coli (50%) au détriment des autres espèces

bactériennes, quel que soit l’âge et le sexe. Sur un

total de 12 antibiotiques testés, la sensibilité

d’E.coli est de 100 % aux Ceftriaxones. Par

contre, elle a montré une résistance aux

Amoxicillines (100%).

Donc, il serait intéressant de faire des études plus

élargies, à l’échelle de la ville d’Ouazzane, pour

déterminer la ou (les) source (s) des infections

urinaires observées chez les femmes, d’une part,

et, l’origine de l’émergence des souches d’E. coli

de plus en plus résistantes, d’autre part. Cette

dernière information est très importante, pour

sensibiliser les autorités compétentes, quant à

l’évolution des résistances observées qui

compliquent davantage le traitement de cette

maladie par les antibiotiques.

Mots Clés : infection urinaire, examen

cytobactériologique des urines, E. coli,

antibiogramme

PI-13 : Étude des Connaissances, Attitudes et

Acceptabilité du Frottis Cervico Vaginal chez

une Population Féminine à Settat





Yacouti A.

Institut Supérieure des Sciences de la Santé,

Université Hassan 1er, Settat, Maroc

Abstract

Le cancer du col utérin constitue un problème de

santé publique au monde avec environ de 527 624

nouveau cas et 265 672 décès annuellement dont

plus de 86% dans les pays en développement. Au

Maroc, le cancer du col utérin est le deuxième

cancer féminin après celui du sein avec une

estimation de 2258 nouveau cas et 1076 décès

annuellement. Le dépistage par Frottis Cervico

Vaginal (FCV) a prouvé une efficacité dans la

lutte contre ce cancer. Cependant, la pratique de

ce moyen de diagnostic est tributaire de son

acceptabilité par la population cible.

Ainsi, dans ce travail nous nous sommes

intéressés par l’évaluation des connaissances et

d’attitudes d’une population féminine de la

province de Settat envers le cancer du col utérin

et la pratique du FCV et relever le taux de son

acceptabilité. Pour ce faire, nous avons conduit

une enquête auprès de 200 femmes au niveau des

structures sanitaires, certaines structures de

formation et des lieux publics de la ville de Settat.

Les résultats montrent que 56.6% des

participantes sont sensibilisées envers le FCV

(entendu parler du FCV). Parmi celles-ci, 67.3%

l’ont réalisé, mais, seulement 21.6% d’entre elles

l’ont effectué 3 fois et plus. Un pourcentage de

70.3% des participantes ayant effectué le FCV

l’ont réalisé, suite à la recommandation du

médecin. La peur de découvrir une maladie et le

manque de la prescription médicale ont été

révélés comme principales barrières à la

réalisation de FCV déclarées par 55.2% des

participantes ayant entendu parler par le FCV et

qui ne l’ont pas réalisé. La majorité des

participantes (61.1%) ont déclaré que l’intérêt de

FCV est le dépistage de cancer du col de l’utérus.

Le taux d’acceptabilité du FCV, au sein de notre

population d’étude, a été de 68%. Les principales

barrières signalées par les participantes ayant

exprimé leur refus à la pratique de FCV sont le

manque des moyens (25%), le fait que ça touche

à l’intimité (23.4%), la peur de découvrir une

maladie (12.5%), le déplacement (9.3%), le

manque du temps (7.8%), le manque de

prescription médical (7.8%). La recherche de

facteurs associés à la pratique antérieure du FCV

a montré que l’âge, la conscience du risque

d’attraper le cancer du col de l’utérus et la

connaissance des symptômes du cancer du col de

l’utérus sont des facteurs favorisants. Quant aux

facteurs associés à l’acceptabilité du FCV, les

résultats ont révélé que le niveau scolaire, le

revenu familial, ainsi que l’habitat sont des

facteurs positifs. Il apparaît donc que les

connaissances de la population étudiée sur

l’étiologie du cancer du col et sur le test FCV

sont insuffisantes. De plus, le taux de la pratique

du dépistage par FCV est très insatisfaisant. Face

à cette situation, des efforts de tous les acteurs

concernés sont nécessaires, afin d’améliorer la

sensibilisation de la population sur le cancer du

col utérin, le HPV et les moyens de dépistage

disponibles, en particulier le FCV et favoriser

ainsi la généralisation du dépistage de ce cancer

et l’accès de la population démunie aux services

de dépistage.

Mots Clés : cancer du col de l’utérus, HPV, FCV,

dépistage, connaissances, attitude, acceptabilité

PI-14 : Importance du Dosage Immunologique

par Chimiluminescence dans le Diagnostic des

Complications Osseuses de Carence en

Vitamine D

Boughribil S.1, Tantaoui M. 2, Haddou M.1,

Bessi H.1, Benchekroun M.N.1, Ennaji M.M.1

1. Laboratoire de Virologie Microbiologie &

Qualité & Biotechnologies / Eco-toxicologie et

Biodiversité, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques,

Université Hassan II, Mohammedia, Maroc

2. Laboratoire Al Yakine, Casablanca, Maroc

Abstract

La carence en vitamine D apparaît comme un

facteur de risque de développement de toute une

série de maladies majeures comme le cancer, les

maladies immunitaires, cardiovasculaires et

métaboliques. L’hypovitaminose D est une

maladie qui touche principalement les personnes

âgées. Plusieurs facteurs contribuent directement

ou indirectement à l’installation de cette maladie.

Le présent travail a traité 100 échantillons

provenant de Casablanca. La majorité de la

population étudiée est constituée du sexe féminin

(73%). Le dosage de la vitamine D, sous la forme




25 hydroxy-vitamine D totale, dans le sérum et le

plasma humain, a été réalisé, par l’automate

VIDAS® .

Les résultats des teneurs mesurées de cette

vitamine ont permis de classer notre population

en quatre groupes :

1er groupe : 36 % des échantillons ayant une

teneur inférieur à 10 ng.mL-1 en vitamine D ;

2ème groupe: 40% des échantillons ayant une

teneur comprise entre 10 et 20 ng.mL-1 en

vitamine D ;

3ème groupe : 12 % des échantillons ayant une

teneur comprise entre 20 et 30 ng.mL-1 en

vitamine D ;

4ème groupe : 12 % des échantillons ayant une

teneur supérieur à 30 ng.mL-1 en vitamine D.

D’après nos résultats, les personnes âgées sont les

plus exposées à cette maladie. Indépendamment

de l’ampleur de cette carence, le sexe féminin est

le plus touché par l’hypovitaminose D. Une

corrélation négative entre le taux de la glycémie

et la concentration de 25 (OH) D3 est notée. La

même corrélation est observée avec le taux de

cholestérol LDL et la concentration de 25(OH)

D3.

L’implication de l’hypovitaminose D comme

facteur de risque, dans l’installation et la

complication d’autres maladies graves mérite une

étude plus approfondie et plus élargie.

Mots Clés : hypovitaminose D, âges, sexe,

glycémie, taux de cholestérol LDL

PI-15 : Contrôle de la Qualité Microbiologique

des Produits Pharmaceutiques Non

Obligatoirement Stériles

Zahid A.1, Zinedine A. 2,*

1. Faculté de Médecine Dentaire, Université


2. Faculté des Sciences, Université Chouaib

Doukkali, El Jadida, Maroc


Abstract

Le contrôle de la qualité microbiologique réalisé

à la suite de la fabrication des produits

pharmaceutiques est régi par les spécifications

des pharmacopées américaines, européennes ou

japonaises, depuis plus d’une trentaine d’années.

Ce contrôle consiste, particulièrement, en l’essai

du dénombrement microbien (bactéries

mésophiles, moisissures et levures capables de

croître en aérobiose).

Ces essais sont déterminés en utilisant les

méthodes de dénombrement classiques.

L’identification des germes permet de contrôler

l’absence ou la présence limitée, de

microorganismes spécifiés comme les

Entérobactéries, Escherichia coli, Salmonella,

Pseudomonas, Staphylococcus pouvant être

décelés dans le produit en question.

Durant le présent travail, le contrôle

microbiologique a porté sur un ensemble de 28

échantillons issus des lots hétérogènes de produits

pharmaceutiques non obligatoirement stériles.

Les échantillons sont transportés au laboratoire

pour des analyses bactériologiques. Les produits

analysés comporte les eaux (déminéralisées,

osmosées, distillées), les comprimés, les sirops,

les suspensions, les matières premières, ampoules

et dentifrices.

Les résultats des contrôles microbiologiques

obtenus ont montré que l’eau déminéralisée et

l’eau osmosée sont contaminées par la flore totale

alors que l’eau distillée est conforme aux critères

de la pharmacopée européenne.

Tous les autres produits contrôlés comme les

comprimés, sirops, suspensions, matières

premières et ampoules sont conformes (absence

des germes aérobies totaux et moisissures et

levures totales), malgré que ces produits sont non

obligatoirement stériles selon la pharmacopée

européenne.

La recherche des germes spécifiés

(entérobactéries, Escherichia coli, Salmonella,

Pseudomonas et Staphylococcus) est toujours

négative. Cela est dû à la rigueur et aux

précautions aseptiques selon lesquelles sont

fabriqués ces produits.

L’analyse microbiologique des dentifrices a, par

contre, révélé que la charge totale en

microorganismes viables dépasse la norme

européenne en vigueur (103 UFC.g-1), ce qui

devrait pousser les autorités sanitaires et les

industriels à donner une importance particulière à





ces produits utilisés fréquemment, pour assurer

une bonne hygiène de la cavité buccale.

Mots Clés : produits pharmaceutiques, qualité

microbiologique, germes pathogènes,

contamination

PI-16 : Prevalence of qnr, Aac(6’) and qepA in

Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae

Isolated from North West of Morocco

Benaicha H.1, El Malki F.2, Barrijal S.1*

1. Laboratoire de Valorisation Biotechnologique

des Microorganismes, Faculté des Sciences et

Techniques, Université Abdelmalek Essaadi,

Tangier, Morocco

2. Institut Pasteur du Maroc, Tangier, Morocco


Abstract

Qnr-mediated quinolone resistance is

increasingly detected worldwide, but few studies

have been carried out in Morocco.

The aim of this study was to investigate the

mechanisms of Quinolone resistance and the

association with other resistance markers among

Esherichia coli (E.coli) and Klebsiella

pneumonia (Klebsiella spp) isolated from North

west of morocco.

The prevalence of the plasmid-mediated

quinolone resistance genes qnr and aac(6′)-Ib-cr

was investigated among 398 E.coli and 118

Klebsiella spp isolates, in private laboratories of

medical analysis, between 2012 and 2015, in

North west of Morocco. Antimicrobial

susceptibility was determined by disc diffusion

assay and minimal inhibitory concentrations

(MIC) of quinolone were determined by

microdilution. The screening of PMQR genes

(qnrA,B,C and S, Aac(6’) and qepA) were done

by PCR, DNA sequencing and RFLP.

We selected 203 of E. coli and 73 of Klebsiella

spp multidrug resistant (MDR) strains. Among

them13.95% were ESLB producing. For the

E.coli group, qnrB, qnrS, and aac(6’)-Ib-cr genes

were detected in 10.34%, 02.95%, and 26.60%,

respectively. These determinants were more

prevalent in Klebsiella spp group, hence they

represented 24.65%, 09.58% and 31.50%,

respectively. QnrA, qnrC and qepA were absent

in this study. For aac(6’)Ib determinant, 84.41%

were belong to the Aac(6’) Ib-cr variant while

for qnrB and qnrS. The most determined variants

were qnrB1, B6, B16, B42, B66 and qnrS1, S4,

S7. Different plasmid sizes were detected in a

group of PMQR strains.

This is the first study conducted in North-West of

Morocco and shows important dissemination of

MDR, ESBL and PMQR among

Enterobacteriaceae.

Keywords : Enterobacteriaceae, PMQR, qnr, aac

(6′), qepA, ESBL

PI-17 : A Study of Structural Properties of the

D-Mannose in the Natural Treatment of

Urinary Infections caused by Escherichia Coli

Sekkal-Taleb N.1*

1. Département de Pharmacie, Faculté de

Médecine, Université Djillali Liabes, Sidi bel

Abbes, Algeria


Abstract

The study of Protein-protein interactions have an

important role to understand the process of

pathogenesis of bacterial and viral infections.

Bioinformatics brings also its contribution to the

study of protein-protein interactions by methods

and software as molecular dynamics and protein -

protein docking.

The aim of this work is to study the interaction

between D-Mannose and the Fimh protein, by the

use of molecular dynamics method. Initially,

several structural calculations and optimizations

by Hyperchem8 software were conducted on D-

Mannose, to understand how this natural sugar

attack the Escherichia coli bacterium. Then

Docking calculations were performed by Hex6.3.

Interpretation of results is based on the energy of

interaction formed by ligands Alpha-D-mannose

and Beta-D-mannose. The lowest energy of

interaction of complex probably present a greater

inhibition of Fimh protein.

Keywords : molecular modeling, molecular

docking, E. coli uropathogenics trains, urinary

tract infection, α-D-Mannose, β-D- Mannose




PI-18 : Antibiotic Susceptibility of

Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus

epidermidis Isolated from Eye Infections in

Tlemcen (Algeria)

Barka M.S.1*, Benammar C.2, Belarbi M.2

1. Laboratory of Food, Biomedical and

Environmental Microbiology, Faculty of

Nature and Life Sciences, Earth and the

Universe, University of Tlemcen, Algeria

2. Laboratoire Natural Products, Biology

Department, University of Tlemcen, Faculty

of Natural Sciences of Life and Earth

Sciences and the Universe, Tlemcen, Algeria

Abstract

Eye infections can cause damage to import

antfunctional structures and lead topermanent

vision loss or blindness. The use of broad-

spectrum antibiotics should be given to the

appropriate site of infection as soon as the

diagnosis is made. However, the resistanceof

bacteria to antibiotics made Certain antibiotics

ineffective.

To study the sensitivity to antibiotics of the main

agents responsible for eye infections in the region

of Tlemcen Algeria, the swabs performed on

patients, in hospital Tlemcen, centre

conjunctivitis, keratitis, endophthalmitis and one

case of blepharitis. Antibiotic resistance by the

disk diffusion method to 12antibiotics and the

minimal inhibitory concentration for oxacillin

were performed for all strains.

From 28 Sixty samples, S. aureus and 9 S.

epidermidis were isolated. The S. aureus have a

total resistance to Penicillin (100%), 90% for

Oxacillin, 93% resistance to Ampicillin, 50%

Erythromycin, 60% Streptomycin, 61% for

Vancomycin and finally, 32% for Gentamicin.

The S. epidermidis also shows a strong resistance

rates, 100% resistance to Penicillin and

Ampicillin, 90% to Oxacillin, 70% to

Erythromycin, 60% for Vancomycin and 22% for

Gentamicin. The MIC for Oxacillin resistance

confirms all strains with a concentration

≥16μg.mL-1.

Keywords : conjunctivitis, keratitis,

endophthalmitis, sensitivity to antibiotics

P-19 : The Human Microbiome and Cancer :

Epidemiological Studies ?

Amine A.1, Cherif S.1, Elantri S.1, Meftah

Elkhir M.1, Hakmaoui A.2, Rais H.2

1. LBEA-URAC36, Faculty Sciences and

Techniques, Mohammedia, Morocco

2. CRC, CHU Mohamed VI, Casablanca,

Morocco

Human microbiome research has garnered

substantial attention, both by scientists and by the

media. The human microbiome refers to the

collective genome of all bacteria, archaea, fungi,

protists, and viruses residing in and on the human

body. Made feasible by high throughput, next-

generation deep sequencing of DNA, as well as

expanding computational and bioinformatics

support, the microbiome is a conceptual quantum

leap from detection and identification of

individual microbes to characterisation of entire

microbial communities, including both

pathogenic and commensal microbes that have

not yet been cultured or otherwise detected.

Differences among individuals in our co-

dependent relationship with the microbiota is

postulated to modulate susceptibility to many

malignancies via several pathways, including

nutrition, detoxification, metabolism, hormonal

homeostasis, immune tolerance, and especially

inflammation. Previously detected associations of

individual bacteria (e.g., Helicobacter pylori),

periodontal disease and inflammation with

specific cancers have motivated studies

considering the association between the human

microbiome and cancer risk.

This short review summarises microbiome

research, focusing on published epidemiological

associations with gastric, oesophageal,

hepatobiliary, pancreatic, lung, colorectal and

other cancers. Large, prospective studies of the

microbiome that employ multidisciplinary

laboratory and analysis methods, as well as

rigorous validation of case status, are likely to

yield translational opportunities to reduce cancer

morbidity and mortality by improving prevention,

screening, and treatment.




PI-20 : CORRELATIONS ENTRE LA

VITAMINE D ET LES CANCERS GYNECO-

MAMMAIRES VIRO-INDUITS

AZMI H , BENHESSOU M, ENNAJI M . M*

Equipe de Virologie, Cancérologie, Qualité et

Biotechnologies médicale. Laboratoire de

Virologie , Microbiologie , Qualité et

Biotechnologies/ Ecotoxicologie et Biodiversite,

Faculté des Sciences et Techniques de

Mohammédia, Université Hassan II de

Casablanca.

Ces dernières années et particulièrement au

Maroc, la vitamine D et son étude présente un

grand engouement et intérêt pour la santé

publique. Devant la recrudescence des cancers

gynéco-mammaires , nous sommes en droit de

nous poser la question quant à la relation possible

entre cette carence en vitamine D et la prévalence

des cancers gynéco-mammaires viro-induits .

L’objectif de notre travail est de mettre en

évidence les corrélations entre la vitamine D et

les cancers gynéco-mammaires viro-induits au

Maroc.

La méthodologie de notre travail prospectif

consistera à faire des prélèvements sanguins chez

trois groupes de patientes ( saines , porteuses de

tumeur maligne gynéco-mammaire , porteuses de

tumeur maligne gynéco-mammaires viro-induite )

pour doser la vitamine D dans le sérum à l'aide de

dosage de la 25 ( OH ) D3 chez 3 groupes de

patients , la mise en évidence de récepteurs à la

vitamine D sur les pièces tumorales , la mise en

évidence des co-facteurs incriminés dans la

génèse tumorale. Puis , après recueil de quelques

biopsies gynéco-mammaires non tumorales chez

des patientes saines et des pièces tumorales des

cancers gynéco-mammaires , on recherchera la

présence ou l’absence de récepteurs à la vitamine

D ( VDR ) par immunocytochimie .La mise en

évidence des co-facteurs incriminés dans la

génèse tumorale consistera à mesurer , suite à un

prélèvement sanguin , les cytokines médiateurs de

l’inflammation TNF alpha et IL4 par la méthode

ELISA chez 2 groupes de patientes ( saines et

porteuses de tumeurs gynéco-mammaires ) .

Les résultats escomptés de cette étude tendent à

préciser la corrélation entre la vitamine D et les

cancers gynéco-mammaires viro-induits .

La mise en évidence de cette corrélation pourrait

être bénéfique en clinique dans la prévention et la

thérapeutique de ces types de cancers .

Mots Clés: Cancer gynecomamaires, Vitamine D,

Corrélation.

PI-21Corrélation entre l’expression des

récepteurs du facteur de croissance oncogène,

Epidermal Growth Factor et le développement

des cancers gynéco-mammaires viro-induits

chez la population marocaine.

Berrada M., Benhessou M., Ennaji M.M.*,

Equipe de Virologie, Cancérologie, Qualité et

Biotechnologies médicale. Laboratoire de

Virologie , Microbiologie , Qualité et

Biotechnologies/ Eco-toxicologie et Biodiversité,

Faculté des Sciences et Techniques de

Mohammedia, Université Hassan II de

Casablanca.

Les cancers gynéco-mammaires constituent un

problème majeur de santé publique au Maroc et

partout dans le monde, de par leur incidence et

taux de mortalité qui ne cessent d’augmenter.

Plusieurs études ont démontré une corrélation

entre la surexpression de certains récepteurs de

facteurs de croissance et le développement de ce

type de cancers, d’où le but de notre sujet de

recherche à fin d’étudier cette corrélation au sein

de la population marocaine.

Après consentement des patientes et accord du

comité d’éthique de la recherche biomédicale,

une étude prospective multicentrique sera menée

sur une période de 3ans, de Janvier 2017 à janvier

2019, portant sur des biopsies et des pièces

opératoires prélevés sur des femmes atteintes de

cancers gynéco-mammaires, une analyse

statistique sera réalisée.

Concernant le cancer de l’endomètre, une étude

publiée en 2013, incluant 10 patientes avec un

diagnostic histologique confirmé de cancer de

l’endomètre type II a objectivé une surexpression

des EGFR, ErbB2, ErbB3, ErbB4. Dès 1987, il

fut montré que la surexpression d’ErbB2 dans le

cancer du sein constitue un facteur de mauvais

pronostic. Concernant le cancer de l’ovaire,

connu par la survenue fréquente des rechutes et

résistance thérapeutique, une connaissance basée

sur le profil histologique et moléculaire de la

tumeur pourrait améliorer l’espérance de vie chez

les patientes atteintes de ce type de cancers.




L'objectif de cette étude est l'évaluation de la

corrélation entre l’expression des récepteurs du

facteur de croissance oncogène, EGF et le

développement des cancers gynéco-mammaires

viro-induits chez la population marocaine, établir

le profil moléculaire des récepteurs de l’EGF

dans les cancers gynéco-mammaires viro-induits

chez la population marocaine et rechercher la

corrélation de l’expression des récepteurs de

l’EGF et l’éventuel pronostic des cancers gynéco-

mammaires viro-induits liés.

Des biopsies sont en cours de récolte pour la

caractérisation moléculaire, sérologique et

virologique de l'étiologie virale et les réceptions

de croissance. Les résultats escomptés de cette

étude tendent à préciser la relation entre

l'expression des récepteurs de croissance et

l'étiologie viral associés aux cancers gynéco-

mammaires.

Cette étude sera d'un grand intérêt pour la santé

publique et la thérapeutique des cancers gynéco-

mammaires.

Mots-clés : cancer gynéco-mammaire,viro-

induit , facteur de croissance EGF, récepteur

ErbB/EGFR




PII-1 : Élaboration d’une Collection de

Souches de Lactobacilles Isolées à partir du

Tractus Digestif de Volaille et Mise en

Évidence de leur Pouvoir Anti Pathogène

Kouadri Boudjelthia N.1, Bensalah F.1

1. Laboratoire de Génétique Microbienne, Faculté

des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie, Université

Es-Sénia, Oran, Algérie


Abstract

Les souches bactériennes à Gram négatif sont

répertoriées comme étant celles qui causent le

plus de toxi-infections alimentaires. Parmi les

aliments incrimines, la viande de volailles est le

plus connu des véhicules de transmission de ces

pathogènes. L’idée d’utilisation de la microflore

digestive des volailles, en alimentation avicole,

pourrait avoir un effet bénéfique sur l’inhibition

des microorganismes responsables des différentes

maladies qui peuvent toucher les volailles.

L’objectif de ce travail est d’isoler et de

caractériser, à partir du microbiote digestif du coq

de cheptel naturel, des souches ayant un fort

potentiel antagoniste contre les bactéries

pathogènes telles que Staphylococcus aureus,

Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis Jh2-2, et,

l’identification des isolats intéressants par PCR,

en utilisant des amorces ADNr 16S.

Ainsi, 11 souches de Lactobacilles ont été

isolées, en conditions d’anaérobiose à +45°C, à

partir des différentes parties du tube digestif

(jabot, gésier, jéjunum, duodénum et le caecum).

L’amplification par les amorces ADNr 16S

universelles et la révélation des fragments d’ADN

amplifiée par électrophorèse sur gel d’agarose ont

permis d’identifier les isolats apparentes au genre

Lactobacillus, en utilisant la souche de référence

Lactobacillus delbrukii.

Les tests d’interaction bactérienne de 5 souches

sélectionnées ont présenté une activité

antimicrobienne, lors des protocoles d’inhibition

contre les pathogènes, par l’apparition d’un halot

clair sur un milieu solide, montrant l’effet

bactéricide de substance secrétée par les

probiotiques.

Une meilleure caractérisation, par les méthodes

de biologie moléculaire, permettrait d’élaborer

une gamme de souches probiotiques, pour

l’alimentation animale, en générale, et, avicole,

en particulier.

Mots Clés : tractus digestif, lactobacilles,

pathogènes, ADNr16S, antagonisme

PII-2 : Do We Need to Invoke β-Lactam

Antibiotics Engineering to Determine the

Effective Therapeutic Dose to Pseudomonas

Biofilms ?

Meliani A., Bensoltane A.

Department of Biology, University of Mustapha

Stambouli, Mascara, Algeria


Abstract

The development of novel antimicrobial agents,

to combat Pseudomonas biofilms that are

intrinsically resistant to conventional antibiotics,

is an urgent issue. Futhermore, treatments with

the highest deliverable doses of conventional

antibiotics cannot eradicate colonizing and

biofilm forming P. aeruginosa and P.

fluorescens. We have turned our attention to the

need to invoke β-lactam antibiotics engineering.

In this study, we present several lines of

evidences, suggesting the implication of

swimming-swarming and biofilm in antibiotics

resistance. The morphological and microscopic

analysis of biofilm formation, in these isolates,

revealed a very complex, dynamic and

biologically exciting view about the architecture.

The results indicate that biofilm formation,

swarming and swimming motility exhibited a

significant effect of resistance toward the β-

lactam antibiotics and there is an induced

swarming tendril tip bacteria phenotype with the

presence of some β-lactam antibiotics.

There is a dire need both to preserve the

effectiveness of existing β-lactam antibiotics and

to rapidly develop new ones.

Keywords : Pseudomonas, biofilm, resistant β-

lactam antibiotics, engineering





PII-3 : Étude Comparative de la Qualité

Microbiologique de la Viande Rouge (bovine)

dans la Ville de Meknès au Maroc

Boukili M.1, Sefiani M.1, Rhazi Filali F.1,

Aboulkacem A.2

1. Département de Laboratoire de Chimie -

Biologie Appliquées à l’Environnement, Faculté

des Sciences, Université Moulay Ismail, Meknès,

Maroc

2. Laboratoire d'Épidémiologie et d'Hygiène du

Milieu, Délégation de la Santé, Meknès, Maroc


[email protected]

Abstract

La viande rouge est un aliment très susceptible à

être contaminé par des germes qui menacent sa

qualité hygiénique (car richesse en eau et en

nutriments), chose qui retentit sur la santé du

consommateur, en causant une intoxication

alimentaire.

L’objectif de ce travail est l’évaluation et la

comparaison de la qualité hygiénique de la viande

rouge (bovine) prélevée à partir de différents

points de vente, dans la ville de Meknès au

Maroc.

Cette étude a porté sur 43 échantillons qui ont été

prélevés dans les grandes surfaces, boucheries et

vendeurs ambulants. 33 échantillons ont été

soumis au dénombrement de la flore mésophile

aérobie totale (FMAT), coliformes totaux,

coliformes fécaux, Staphylococcus aureus et

Salmonella spp.,10 autres échantillons ont été

analysés, pour la présence de Listeria

monocytogenes.

Les résultats ont montré que les prélèvements des

grandes surfaces, des boucheries et des vendeurs

ambulants étaient fortement contaminés, pour la

FMAT avec, respectivement, 1.30x105 UFC.g-1,

2.3x105 UFC.g-1, 1.6x105 UFC.g-1, pour les

coliformes totaux 1.5x104 UFC.g-1, 3.5x105

UFC.g-1, 9.6x103 UFC.g-1 et pour les coliformes

fécaux 1.1x106 UFC.g-1, 7.3x105 UFC.g-1 et

2.4x104 UFC.g-1.

Ces résultats peuvent suggérer de mauvaises

conditions d’abattage ou d’étalage. Les ASR,

Staphylococcus aureus et Salmonella sp n’ont pas

été détectés, dans les échantillons étudiés.

Concernant l’analyse de Listeria monocytogenes,

les résultats ont montré que 30% des échantillons

étudiés contiennent Listeria monocytogenes

(colonies descriptives), dans les grandes surfaces

(10%) et les boucheries (20%), ce qui a été

corroboré par leurs catalase positive, oxydase

négative et coloration Gram positive.

Ces résultats ont été inattendus. Les échantillons

prélevés des vendeurs ambulants ont été moins

contaminés que ceux des boucheries et des

grandes surfaces, ce qui peut être expliqué par de

mauvaises conditions de conservation ; en effet,

Listeria monocytogenes est un indicateur d’une

trop longue conservation au froid.

Mots Clés : viande rouge, qualité hygiénique,

contrôle microbiologique, contamination

PII-4 : Collections Coordonnées Marocaines

de Microorganismes CCMM

Ouadghiri M.1, Ouchari L.1, Amar M.1

Laboratoire de Microbiologie et Biologie

Moléculaire, Centre Nationale pour la Recherche

Scientifique et Technique, Rabat, Maroc

Abstract

The Moroccan Coordinated Collections of

Microorganisms were created in 1998. They are

the unique collection, in North Africa, and, the

second, in Africa. CCMM are the first and unique

Moroccan focal point where microbiological

material is preserved, it takes into account the

Convention on Biological Diversity.

In 2003, the CCMM published the first printed

catalogue containing 447 strains and 127 species

(49 bacteria species and 78 fungi and yeast

species). In 2007, the CCMM created their

website (www.ccmm.ma). In 2013, they became

an affiliated member of World Federation of

Culture Collections and were the first and unique

African collections joining the GCM. In 2014,

they published the second printed catalogue

containing 1881 strains belonging to 220 species

(135 bacteria species, 51 fungi species and 34

yeast species).

The main missions of the CCMM are to :

Share and exchange the biological

material of its holding and its experience and


http://www.ccmm.ma/




know-how in the field of fundamental, applied

microbiology and biotechnology,

Provide a link between and within

Moroccan Universities, Research Centres and

Bioindustries,

Promote the investigation, preservation

and rational exploitation of global microbial

biodiversity,

Insure a quality service to the benefit of

its partners and users (scientific and industrial

communities).

The main services provided by the CCMM are :

Isolation and purification of micro-

organisms,

Characterization and identification of

strains,

Storage, preservation and distribution of

strains,

Advice and consultancy,

Trainings.

Keywords : CCMM, biodiversity, bacteria,

preservation

PII-5 : The Study of Some Behavioral and

Functional Effects of The Methanol Extract of

Lavandula stoechas in Rats

Ferehan H.1, Aboufatima R.2, Chait C.1

1. Laboratory of Neurobiology, Pharmacology

and Behavior, Faculty of Sciences, Cadi Ayyad

University, Marrakech, Morocco

2. Laboratory of Biological Engineering, Natural

Substances, Cellular and Molecular Immuno

Pharmacology Group, Sultan Moulay Slimane

University, Faculty of Science and Technology,

Béni-Mellal, Morocco

Abstract

Lavandula L. comprises several relevant species

for pharmaceutical, cosmetic and perfumery

industries.

Considering de traditional medicinal use of

lavender, the aim of this study was the evaluation

of the effects of a widely used plant in Morocco

Lavandula stoechas, commonly known as the

"l’Halhal". This plant is used in the treatment of

memory and sleep disorders or to relieve anxious

or depressive person.

Behavioral functions studied were highlighted,

using different behavioral tests such as the open

field test, the dark/light test, the marble burying

test and the forced swimming test. This work was

focused on two parts, first, we started by

evaluating the effect of the total extract of the

plant in normal rats, then, in rats that received a

lesion in a part of the hippocampus to highlight a

possible compensation of impaired functions.

Taken together, our results provide evidence on

the anxiolytic and antidepressant activity of L.

stoechas total extract.

Keywords : total extract, Lavandula stoechas,

anxiety, depression

PII-6 : Determination of the Effective

Diffusion Coefficient of Phenol in Ca-alginate-

Immobilized Pseudomonas aeruginosa beads

Oumessaad A.*, Namane A., Hellal A.

École Nationale Polytechnique d’Alger, BP.182,

El-Harrach, Alger


Abstract

L’utilisation des cellules bactériennes sous forme

de suspension, dans des réacteurs agités, pour le

traitement des eaux contaminées par les HC,

rencontre plusieurs problèmes tels que la

nécessité d’avoir une concentration de biomasse

élevée donc des volumes de réacteurs importants

ainsi qu’une limitation de la vitesse et du

rendement global de conversion, suite à

l’inhibition par les concentrations élevées de

polluants. La solution est l’immobilisation de ces

bactéries sur des supports sous forme de

particules poreuses, afin de garantir la

réutilisation de la biomasse tant qu’elle garde son

activité.

Le présent travail consiste à étudier la

biodégradation du phénol par Pseudomonas

aeruginosaimmobilisés dans des billes d’alginate.

La détermination du coefficient de diffusion, du

facteur d’efficacité et du module de Thiele ont

fait l’objet de cette étude.

Les résultats obtenus ont permis de constater que

la valeur du facteur d’efficacité (=0,6), la

biodégradation est affectée par la diffusion du





phénol dans la bille d’alginate à une certaine

limite. La valeur du module de Thiele (=3,629)

est proche de 5, ce qui indique l’effet combiné

entre la diffusion intraparticulaire et la réaction de

biodégradation.

La diffusion du phénol dans la particule est

relativement lente, ce qui indique que sa

biodégradation a lieu à la surface extérieure de la

bille près de la périphérie, avant même qu’il ne

diffuse plus profondément dans la particule, car la

majeure partie de la biomasse est localisée à cet

endroit.

Mots Clés : immobilisation, billes d’alginate,

biodégradation, phénol, transfert de masse

PII-7 : Isolation of Salmonella from Broilers

Litter Used as Organic Fertilizer in

Agricultural Land in the Province of Rabat-

Salé-Kénitra Morocco

Elouahabi H., Bellaouchou A., Tahri L.,

Serghini A., Fekhawi M.

Abstract

The problem of contamination of poultry litter

using as an other organic fertilizer in agricultural

land by Salmonella than the increase of

antimicrobial resistance is one of a great

importance both in the field of public health as

well as in the socio-economic sector of the

country, because of the damage it can cause.

This work is aimed at isolating of Salmonella spp.

from broiler litter used for manure in Morroco.

Three thousand samples of broilers litter from ten

poultry houses in Salé, Tiflet, Skhirat and

Kénitra, were sampled for the presence of

Salmonella spp. All Salmonella isolates were

serotyped, confirmed by the presence of virulence

gene (invasion) and tested for the resistance to 15

antimicrobial agents by the agar diffusion

method.

Detection of Salmonella in poultry droppings, in

this study, poses health hazards to other

uninfected birds, especially those at free range.

The high level of antibiotic resistance of

Salmonella isolates showed the possible

significance of broiler as a source of multiple

antimicrobial resistant Salmonella for human

infections.

Keywords : Salmonella, broilers litter, organic

fertilizer, agricultural land, antimicrobial

resistance, Rabat Salé Kénitra

PII-8 : Efficient Protocol for The Synthesis of

Pharmaceutical Molecules Using Green

Catalysts Based on Fluorapatite

Jioui I.1, Fihri A.2, Bahlaoui M.A.1, Aadil M.1,

Zahouily M.1,2

1. Laboratory of Materials, Catalysis &

Valorization of Natural Resources, Faculty of

Sciences and Techniques, University Hassan II,

Mohammedia, Morocco

2. MAScIR Foundation, INANOTECH, Rabat

Design, Rabat, Morocco


Abstract

The chemistry of molecules with pharmaceutical

and biological activities has generated intensive

scientific studies throughout the world. Especially

interest has been focused on the synthesis process

in the aim to conserve resources, protect the

environment and reduce costs.

In the present study, our choice is focused on the

synthesis of chalcones [1] and α,α’-(EE)-bis

(benzylidene) cycloalkanones [2], because they

represent an important class of compounds, as

they possess a broad spectrum of biological

activity such as anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer,

anti-malarial, anti-mitotic, cardiovascular, anti-

tuberculosis [3, 4].

The synthesis of molecules above mentioned was

carried out by heterogeneous catalysis, using

ecofriendly and green solid materials developed

in our laboratory, based on fluoroapatite (FAP),

Na-FAP and Mg-FAP.

The catalysts were easily prepared, by cheap

substrates, and were characterized by various

analytical methods, to confirm structure, texture

and morphology, XRD, IR, SEM, TEM, BET,

EDX, NMR and TGA. The structure of the

resulting products was also confirmed by NMR

and IR.

We have demonstrated an efficient, green, simple

catalyst and method for the synthesis of important





molecules. Simple experimental work up and

easy availability of fluoroapatite as catalyst and

excellent yields are the advantages of our study.

Keywords : pharmaceutical molecules, biological

activities, heterogeneous catalysis, fluoroapatite

References [1] Solhy A., Tahir R., Sebti S., Skouta R.,

Bousmina M., Zahouily M., Larzek M. (2010).

Applied Catalysis A General, 374, 189-193.

[2] Solhy A., Amer W., Karkourib M., Tahirb R.,

El Bouarib A., Fihri A., Bousmina M., Zahouily

M. (2011). Journal of Molecular Catalysis A

Chemical, 336, 8-15.

[3] Go M.L., Wu X., Liu X.L. (2005). Curr. Med.

Chem., 12, 483.

[4] Nowakowska Z. (2097). Eur. J. Med. Chem.,

2, 125.

PII-9 : Antibiotic Resistance Profile of

Escherichia coli of Avian Origin : Broiler Case

in The Region of Greater Casablanca

Hafed Z., Zeghari L., AboussalehY., Sbaibi R.

1. Laboratoire de Nutrition Santé et

Environnement, Département de Biologie,

Faculté des Sciences, Université Ibn Tofail,

Kénitra, Maroc

2. Laboratoire Biochimie, Biotechnologie, Santé

et Environnement, Département de Biologie,

Faculté des Sciences, Université Ibn Tofail,

Kénitra, Maroc

Abstract

The development of intensive farming, in the

poultry industry, has been accompanied by a

massive use of antibiotics for the treatment,

prevention of infections and for improving animal

performance. Antibiotic resistance is a real

problem, in veterinary medicine, with a major

impact in terms of public health.

The main goal of this study is the surveillance

and monitoring of antimicrobial resistance among

E. coli strains isolated from broilers in the Greater

Casablanca region.

Thus, 42 samples were taken for 200 broilers.

Identification of isolated bacteria was carried out

with a classic gallery showed the presence of E.

coli in all samples and underwent antibiogram

tests towards the most antibiotic disks used on the

(Mueller Hinton) MH agar.

The results showed a very good response towards

Colistin (87.41%) and Spectinomycin (52.94%)

and Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole (67.56%).

As against, the sharpest resistance concern

Oxytetracyclines (97.05%), Amoxicillin

(88.23%), Enrofloxacin (76.36%), Doxycycline

(73.52%) and Cefalotin (60%). A low to medium

sensitivity is seen with Nalidixic Acid (50.20%)

and Flumequine (48.88%).

The undue and sustainable use of antibiotics has

led to the emergence of resistant bacteria

(Escherichia coli) to these drugs indeed, these

resistors have become the rub of farmers and

scientists and that lead to the implementation of

various strategies to avoid situations of

therapeutic impasses.

Keywords : antibiotics, antibiotic resistance,

broiler, infection, public health

PII-10 : The Interest of Histopathology In

Aquatic Animals Health

Drif K.1, Talbaoui M.2


et Maladies Infectieuses, Institut Agronomique et


2. Institut National de Recherche Halieutique,

Tanger, Morocco

Abstract

Martelia refringens must now be considered

particularly important parasites, because of its

impact on shellfish production and wide

distribution among the bivalve species of

Moroccan coast.

This study aims to present the interests of the

histopathological study in the detection of

Marteilia refringens, in mussels, in their digestive

diverticula.

Two complementary diagnostic methods can be

adopted, the first screening by the technique of

coloring stamped tissue, which is based on the




clinical signs of the mussels (dead, chokes,

gaping valves, growth arrest), using the

Hemacolor stain kit and confirmation by the

histopathology technical.

Keywords : Marteilia refringens, parasite,

shellfish, histopathology

PII-11 : Prophylactic Strategies of Bovine

Rotavirus in Intensive Herds in Morocco :

Issues and Efficiency

Ennima I.1,4*, Melloul M.2, Alaoui-Amine S.2,

Chadli M.3, Loutfi C.4, Touil N.5, Amzazi S.1

1. Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University,

Rabat, Morocco

2. Functional Genomics Platform UATRS-

CNRST, Rabat, Morocco

3. Animal Health, Mazaarie, Morocco

4. Society of Biologic Productions and

Pharmaceuticals Veterinaries (Biopharma),

Rabat, Morocco

5. Research Team of Molecular Virology and

Onco-Biology, Faculty of Medicine and

Pharmacy, Mohammed V University, Rabat,

Morocco


Abstract

Between January and April 2014, a serious

outbreak of calf diarrhea has occurred, in a

modern Moroccan dairy herd.

Calves under 90 days of age had all diarrheas and

were sampled to control the spread of Rotavirus

(RVA) disease in Morocco. Information was

collected on animal characteristics and herd-

management practices. All cows were immunized

against RVA with two different valences (G10P

[11] and G6P [5]).

After virus characterization, RVA was detected

with a prevalence of 24% and all samples were of

G10P [14] serotype. Infection with this virus was

found in cases at the 2-3 weeks of age. At this

age, active immunity is not yet completed and

susceptibility of calves to a field RVA challenge

is high unless passive maternal immunization is

well managed. Newborn calves fed colostrum

promptly after birth (within 1 hour after birth),

but only on the two first days of life (during 48h).

They were after separated from their dams.

This study revealed that the infection with field

RVA, in neonatal calves, might be related first to

an inadequate colostrum feeding management

especially low colostrum intake and then

uncompleted active immunity. And to

unvaccinated cows against the appropriate RVA

serotype. Indeed, correlation between lactogenic

antibody present in the colostrum in immunized

cows' and resistance to a field RVA infection of

calves have been proven and demonstrated.

Keywords : Rotavirus vaccine, colostrum,

immunity

PII-12 : Bluetongue Virus : Serotypes and

Vaccines Used in Morocco

Drif K.1, El Harrak M.2, Fassi Fihri O.1, Loutfi

C.2


et Maladies Infectieuse. Institut Agronomique et


2. Laboratoire de Virologie, Société

BIOPHARMA, Rabat, Morocco

Abstract

The Orbivirus are divided into serogroups,

viruses of the same serogroup having a common

antigen localized to the inner capsid.

Bluetongue (BT) is an infectious, non-contagious

disease of domestic and wild ruminants caused by

Bluetongue Virus (BTV) that is a Orbivirus

affecting animals.

The disease is quite prevalent in Morocco where

serotypes BTV-1 and BTV-4 were found

circulating, since 2006. Despite use of attenuated

bivalent vaccine, outbreaks are not uncommon

each year along with lack of knowledge, in

geographical evolution of each serotype. The

disease have a considerable importance, in

veterinary medicine, like epizootic hemorrhagic

disease (EHD) and African horse sickness virus

(AHS), including sheep and equine species for

which these diseases are major health risks.

This review describes the epidemiology and

ecology of Bluetongue virus, in North Africa, and




the prospects for effective treatments and

vaccines.

Keywords : Bluetongue, serotypes, vaccines,

Morocco


Poster Communication: Theme III


PIII-1 : Assessing of the Total Microflora

Changes during Sewage Sludge and Date Palm

Waste Composting by Using Two Culture

Approaches

El Fels L.1,3, El Ouaqoudi F.Z.1, Aguelmous

A.2, Lahsaini S.2, Ouhdouch Y., Hafidi M.1

1. Laboratory of Ecology and Environment (Unit

associated with CNRST/CNERS, URAC 32),

Faculty of Science, Cadi Ayyad University,

Marrakech, Morocco

2. Laboratory of Process Engineering and

Environment, Faculty of Science and

Technology, University Hassan II of Casablanca,

Mohammedia, Morocco

3. Institut Supérieur des Professions Infirmières et

Techniques de la Santé, Marrakech, Maroc


Abstract

Enumeration for indigenous microflora

abundance, during six months of co-composting

of sewage sludge and date palm waste, was

investigated using two different culture

approaches growth standard media (GSM) and

Compost Time Extract Agar (CTEA).

On GSM medium shows that the colony-forming

unit (CFU) total number was 100 fold higher than

on CTEA. The thermophilic phase is determined

at 30 days, for both mixtures A and B on GSM.

Nevertheless, this stage is limited only at 22 and

30 days, respectively, for mixture A and B on

CTEA medium. That indicates a similar

temperature profile at versus time of co-

composting.

The results suggest that the CTEA act as a natural

selective medium to enumerate the indigenous

functional microflora which contributes to

maturation products.

Keywords : microbial succession, sludge,

composting time extract agar, standard media,

maturity

PIII-2 : Correlation between Physicochemical

Properties of Plumbing Materials Surfaces and

Biofilm Formation : The case of Legionella

pneumophila and Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Assaidi A.1,2, Mliji E.2, Barguigua A.3,

Timinouni M.3, Zahir H.1, Nayme K.3,

Elmdaghri N.2, Ellouali M.1, Latrache H.1

1. Laboratory of Bioprocess and Bio Interfaces,

Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Beni-

Mellal, Morocco

2. Laboratory Microbiology of Water and

Environmental Hygiene, Pasteur Institute of

Morocco, Casablanca, Morocco

3. Laboratory of Molecular Bacteriology, Pasteur


Abstract

Legionellosis is mainly caused by Legionella

pneumophila (Lpn), agent ubiquitous, in natural

and anthropogenic water systems, where it is able

to form biofilms. There is now evidence that

some legionellosis outbreaks are correlated with

the presence of biofilms. Although Lpn can often

be found attached to various surfaces in the

environment. The colonization by Lpn of existing

biofilms and its attachment to abiotic substrates

are determined by a wide variety of parameters.

The aim of our study is to determine the

correlation between surfaces physicochemical

properties and biofilm formation of Lpn and P.

aeruginosa on different surfaces of plumbing

materials commonly used in distribution systems

of water at three growth temperatures +20, +37

and +44°C.

Contact angles measurements were used to

determine the surface physicochemical properties

of substratum which are an important factor that

govern the adherence and biofilm formation of

Lpn and P.aeruginosa in water systems

distribution. The ability of Lpn and P. aeruginosa

to form biofilm on galvanized steel,

polypropylene, PVC and copper was also

determined.

Lpn serogroup 2-15 and P. aeruginosa showed a

greater capacity to adhere and form biofilm on

the majority of the tested materials at +20, +37

and +44°C than Lpn serogroup 1. Only the copper

inhibits the growth of biofilm and colonization of

water systems by the three stems at all tested

temperatures.




Understanding these mechanisms is part of our

purpose to select appropriate water conducting

materials and preventing biofilm formation which

appears as one of the strategies to reduce water

systems contamination.

Key Words: Legionella pneumophila,

Pseudomonas aeruginosa, biofilm, surfaces

PIII-3 : The Rehabilitation of a Clay Pit

(Orobrique Sarl CR Riah) by Composts Based

Sludge

Azzouzi Marouane1, El Fels Loubna2,3, Koulali

Yahya1, Hafidi Mohamed2

1. Laboratoire Biologie Santé et Environnement,


Hassan 1er, Settat, Maroc

2. Laboratoire Ecologie et Environnement,

Faculté des Sciences, Université Cadi Ayyad

Marrakech, Maroc




Abstract

The quarrying and the clay production are a very

important sector for the socioeconomic

development of the country. In fact, this sector is

upstream of the activities linked to the

achievement of many projects of development

such as brickyard, ceramic and cement. The clay

exploitation is accompanied by a stripping

unusable levels (the topsoil and sterile) causing

the degradation of the top layers of the soil.

This study consists of improving the fertility and

productivity of degraded soil, by the addition of

organic nutrients from composting of sludge

mixed with green waste.

The composting experience was conducted in a

bioreactor of 100 liters of capacity for 12 days

(stabilization phase), equipped with an air

compressor, an automated brewing system and an

oxygen analyzer. Monitoring of gases namely

CO2 and temperature evolution were performed

each day. Subsequently, the maturation phase will

be, in open air for 3 months. The urban sludge of

three stations of lagooning system (Settat, Droua,

Had Swalm) were tested. Compost mixes are

optimized to promote microbial activity, a

moisture content of 60% and a C/N ratio to round

of 25 were fixed.

The analyzed sludge are characterized by an

organic matter content of 57%, 55%, 61% and a

C/N ratio around 27.3, 27, 26, total Kjeldahl

nitrogen content of 1.16%, 1.13%, 1.28% and

available phosphorus percentage of 0.14, 0.16,

0.13, respectively, for sludge from Settat, Droua

and Had swalm. Therafter, the study of the

evolution and dynamics of the treated soil, by

sludge and compost sludge, will be followed by

revegetation site by different proportion.

PIII-4 : Efficiency of Co-Composting Process

to Remove Toxicity from Sewage Sludge Date

Palm Mixture

El Fels L.1,2,3,4, Azzariai A.1, Boutafda A.1*,

Silvestre J.2,3, Pinelli E.2,3,Hafidi M.1


associated with CNRST /CNERS, URAC 32),

Faculty of Science, Cadi Ayyad University,

Marrakech, Morocco

2. Université de Toulouse, University Paul

Sabatier, INP, EcoLab (Laboratoire d’écologie

fonctionnelle et environnement), ENSAT,

Castanet-Tolosan, France

3. CNRS, EcoLab (Laboratoire d’écologie

fonctionnelle et environnement), F-31326

Castanet-Tolosan, France



Abstract

This investigation focuses mainly on the

assessing of the phytotoxicity and genotoxicity,

during sewage sludge palm waste composting.

Two different concentrations were made, mixture

A 1/3 sludge+2/3 palm waste and mixture B ½

sludge+1/2 palm waste.

After six months of co-composting, the

genotoxicity assessed by micronucleus induction,

in Vicia faba roots, decreased significantly by

70.4 and 77.2% for A and B, respectively. This

ability of co-composting, in reducing

phytotoxicity of numerous seeds of significant

plant species such as lettuce, alfalfa, turnip and





cress was confirmed by the germination index,

which reached over 90%.

These results indicate the efficiency of co-

composting process to decrease the sludge

toxicity.

Keywords : genotoxicity, phytotoxicity, Vicia

faba, co-composting

PIII-5 : Determination of the Effective

Diffusion Coefficient of Phenol in Ca-alginate

Immobilized Pseudomonas aeruginosa Beads

Oumessaad A.*, Namane A., Hellal A.

École Nationale Polytechnique d’Alger, El-

Harrach, Alger, Algeria


Abstract

L’utilisation des cellules bactériennes, sous forme

de suspension dans des réacteurs agités pour le

traitement des eaux contaminées par les HC,

rencontre plusieurs problèmes tels que la

nécessité d’avoir une concentration de biomasse

élevée donc des volumes de réacteurs importants

ainsi que la limitation de la vitesse et du

rendement global de conversion, suite à

l’inhibition par les concentrations élevées

polluant. La solution est l’immobilisation de ces

bactéries sur des supports sous forme de

particules poreuses, afin de garantir la

réutilisation de la biomasse aussi longtemps

qu’elle garde son activité.

Le présent travail consiste à étudier la

biodégradation du phénol par Pseudomonas

aeruginosa immobilisés dans des billes

d’alginate. La détermination du coefficient de

diffusion, du facteur d’efficacité et du module de

Thiele ont fait l’objet de cette étude.

Les résultats obtenus nous ont permis de

constater que la valeur du facteur d’efficacité

diffusion du phénol dans la bille d’alginate à une

certaine limite. La valeur du module de Thiele

combiné entre la diffusion intraparticulaire et la

réaction de biodégradation. La diffusion du

phénol dans la particule est relativement lente, ce

qui indique que sa biodégradation a lieu à la

surface extérieure de la bille près de la périphérie,

avant même qu’il ne diffuse plus profondément

dans la particule, car la majeure partie de la

biomasse est localisée à cet endroit.

Mots Clés : immobilisation, billes d’alginate,

biodégradation, phénol, transfert de masse

PIII-6 : Treatment of Olive Mill Wastewater

by Electrocoagulation : Kinetic Study

Elkacmi R.1*, Kamil N.2, Bennajah M.3

1. Department of Chemistry and Valorisation,

Faculty of Sciences, Hassan II University,

Casablanca, Morocco

2. Process Engineering and Environment

Laboratory (PEEL), High School of Technology

of Casablanca, Hassan II University, Casablanca,

Morocco

3. Department of Process Engineering, National

School of Mineral Industries, Rabat, Morocco


Abstract

Treatment of olive mill wastewater by

electrocoagulation (EC) was investigated in a

stirred tank reactor (STR), the effect of different

influential parameters, namely, contact time,

current density and pH was determined. Over

72% of DCO, 93% of polyphenols and 95% of

color intensity were removed efficiently, at pH of

5.2, current density of 58.33 mA/cm2 and 45 min

reaction time.

A kinetic study of these three parameters was

carried out to demonstrate both COD and dark

color removal follows first-order model, except

for polyphenols reduction which fit the pseudo

second-order model with current dependent

parameters. Adsorption models were used for

mathematical description of the adsorption

equilibrium and it was found that experimental

data fitted very well to Langmuir-Freundlich

adsorption model.

Non-linear method proved a better way to predict

the equilibrium isotherm parameters.

Keywords: olive mill wastewater, STR, DCO,

polyphenols, non-linear method





PIII-7 : Traitement et Valorisation des

Margines par Biométhanisation

Sounni F., Ghanam J., Merzouki M.,

Benlemlih M.

Laboratoire de Biotechnologie, Faculté des

Sciences, Université Sidi Mohamed Ben

Abdellah, Fès, Maroc


Abstract

Au Maroc, la gestion des margines est devenue

une préoccupation, pour tous les producteurs de

l’huile d’olive. La charge organique élevée et le

caractère acide font des margines un effluent

fortement polluant. Leur bio-méthanisation

s’avère alors une alternative intéressante. Outre

l’aspect épuratoire, elle permet de valoriser la

matière organique en énergie renouvelable par la

production de biogaz.

Dans cette étude, nous présentons les résultats de

prétraitement des margines brutes par

électrocoagulation, à l’échelle de laboratoire,

pour un volume d’effluent de 2 litres, en utilisant

des électrodes de fer sous une densité de courant

de 4 A/dm2.

Pour montrer l’effet de l’électrocoagulation sur la

digestion anaérobique des margines, le potentiel

méthanogène des margines électrolysées, brutes

et diluées (1/1 avec l’eau distillée) a été

déterminé en mode batch à +37 °C. Le biogaz

produit est mesuré par la méthode du liquide

déplacé. L’efficacité du prétraitement a été

évaluée en termes d’abattement de la DCO (81

%), des composés phénoliques (75 %) et

l’évolution du pH.

Le pouvoir méthanogène des margines digérées a

été de l’ordre de 0.74, 0.37, 0.60 L.g-1 ( de DCO)

pour les margines prétraitées, brutes et diluées.

Bien que l’électrolyse (aussi bien que la dilution)

des margines a participé à l’augmentation du

rendement de la bio-méthanisation (en aval), nous

devrions souligner la difficulté de l’application de

ce genre de prétraitement à grande échelle.

Ainsi, les efforts ont été orientés vers la

proposition d’un model efficace et faisable pour

la co-digestion des margines avec d’autres

effluents organiques (model en cours de

validation).

Mots Clés : margines, électrocoagulation,

digestion anaérobique, biogaz

PIII-8 : Valorization Of Station Sewage Sludge

By Anaerobic Digestion

Aitlahyane S.1*, Aityacine Z., Hanine H.2,

Lekhlif B.3

1. Laboratoire d’Environnement et de la

Valorisation des Agro-Ressources, Faculté des

sciences et Techniques, Université Sultan Moulay

Slimane, Béni Mellal, Maroc

2. Laboratoire de Biointerface et Biofilm, Faculté

des Sciences et Techniques, Université Sultan

Moulay Slimane, Béni Mellal, Maroc

3. Hydrologie Traitement et Epuration des Eaux

et Changement Climatiques, Ecole Hassania des

ingénieurs, Casablanca, Maroc *E-mail : [email protected]

Abstract

Every human activity generates wastewater. It

will not be made in the middle in the state and

those to be processed. There are currently, at

Morocco, 260 treatment plants that produce one

hand, a purified water made in the middle and on

the other, by-products of .these sanitation by-

products are sewage sludge, concentrates

suspended solids and dissolved components in the

wastewater. For their future use, the sludge can

be treated to reduce their water content,

fermentability content reduction and the

elimination of pathogens. Among the modes of

treatment, we find anaerobic digestion seems an

attractive option for the degradation of

biodegradable waste into useful products such as

biogas and high quality compost. The gas rich in

methane CH4 has a high-energy content and can

be used in many applications such as heating,

cooking, power generation, lighting and as a

biofuel that can be injected into the gas network

city.

Therefore, we conducted a comparative

experimental study between the anaerobic

digestion of fermentable only sludge and

anaerobic digestion of fermentable sludge

agitation. The experiment was conducted in two

tanks of 20 liters plastic. Each tank was filled




with 1 kg of sludge from the treatment plant

Khouribga (50g.L-1). The sludge are fermented in

vats, for a 40-day stays of time. Both trials were

conducted in an ambient temperature of +25°C.

The results have shown the PH of the sample,

with agitation, between 7 and 7.8 which allowed

to have a favorable environment for the

development of methanogenic bacteria

responsible for the formation of biogas and the

reduction of the organic matter and the rate of

dryness of 75% and 90%, respectively.

Keywords : sewage sludge wastewater, COD,

anaerobic digestion, biogas, physicochemical

characterization

PIII-9 : Evaluation of An Aerobic Treatment

for Olive Mill Wastewater Detoxification

El Hajjouji H.1*, Pinelli E.1,3, Badri W.4, Hafidi

M.5


Techniques de Santé, Béni Mellal, Morocco

2. EcoLab, ENSAT, Université de Toulouse, INP,

UPS, Castanet Tolosan, France

3. EcoLab, CNRS, Castanet Tolosan, France

4. Laboratoire d’Ecologie et d’Environnement,

Faculté des Sciences Ben M’Sik, Université

Hassan II, Casablanca, Maroc

5. Laboratoire Ecologie et Environnement (Unité

associée au CNRST-URAC 32 et au CNERS),

Département de Biologie, Faculté des Sciences

Semlalia, Université Cadi Ayyad, Marrakech,

Morocco

* Corresponding E-mail :

[email protected]

Abstract

Olive mill wastewater (OMWW) is a by-product

of the olive oil extraction industry. Its dumping

creates severe environmental problems, in the

Mediterranean countries. The phytoxicity of

OMWW is due to the phenolic substances and it

is evaluated through a genotoxicity method. An

aerobic treatment of OMWW was conducted,

during 45 days. Different concentrations of raw

and treated OMWW were tested, using the Vicia

faba micronuclei test.

Results showed that raw OMWW induced

significant micronuclei formation at 10% of

OMWW dilution. The 45 days aerobic treatment

OMWW showed an important decrease, in the

genotoxicity and also in the toxicity that was

observed at 10% and 20% OMWW dilution. This

could be correlated with the biodegradation of

76% of the total phenols. This reduction is related

to the strong activity of microorganisms which

can use phenols as a source of carbon and energy.

Microorganism’s evolution shows an important

development of the microbial flora ranging from

104 to 3.5×105 CFU.g-1. It contains species that

degrade not only sugars, proteins and phenols but

also species that decompose certain resistant

polymers such as tannins.

Qualitative analysis by HPLC shows the

disappearance of the majority of phenolic

compounds, after the treatment. This study was

completed by an agricultural test with V. faba

plant. Data showed significant growth yield of

36.3% and 29.9% after being irrigated with 5 and

10 t/ha, respectively.

These results supported the positive role of

aerobic treatment on OMWW and their capacity

to ameliorate the agronomic potential of these

effluents.

Keywords : olive mill wastewater, aerobic

treatment, phenols, microorganisms, genotoxicity,

agronomic potential

PIII-10 : Isolation, Identification and

Screening of Ligno Cellulolytic Fungal Strains

Nait M’barek H.1*, Mansouri A.1, Ben Aziz

M.1, Hajjaj H.1

1. Team of Applied Mycology, Laboratory of

Plant Biotechnology and Molecular Biology,

Moulay Ismail University (UMI), Faculty of

Meknes, meknes, Morocco


Abstract

In a context of dependence on hydrocarbons, in

the coming decades, the white or industrial

biotechnologies are a positive solution able to

reduce our energy dependence by promoting

sustainable raw materials. The lingo-cellulosic

complex produced each year by plant activities is






effectively degraded by microorganisms. It plays

a key role in the recycling and availability of

carbon in plant ecosystems.

The objective of this work is to isolate strains of

filamentous fungi from grains of the Meknes

region and test their ability to degrade cellulose

and lignin.

Several isolates were made from cereals of the

region. Isolation and purification were performed

on solid Czapek medium. The screening was

conducted on selective solid media based on

lignin and cellulose as the only carbon sources.

The strains have been identified and growth

kinetics was studied in a two-week interval.

One hundred and five (105) strains were purified.

Genera present are Penicillium (55%), Fusarium

(11%), Trichoderma (6%), Ulocladium (4%),

Aspergillus (1%), Alternaria (1%), Rhizopus

(1%), Epicoccum (1%), Botrytis (1%) and others

(19%). Twenty-six percent (26%) of the strains

were significantly active on lignin (33%) on

cellulose. The distribution of performant isolates

brings up genus Penicillium (16%) first, then,

Trichoderma (14%), Fusarium and Ulocladium

(12%).

The diversity of isolated genera and their

important biodegradation capability are good

bases to oriented and well-controlled valorization.

The biological potential of the region can

contribute effectively on building up responsible

and environmentally friendly activities.

Keywords : ligno-cellulose, grains, Fungi,

screening, environment

PIII-11 : Phospholipid Fatty Acid Analysis to

Assess the Microbial Variation During The

Composting Process of Olive Oil Mill Wastes

Barje F.*, Hafidi M.*

[email protected], [email protected]

Abstract

The composting process is the seat of microbial

activity, whose nature determines the degree of

organic matter transformation. Biomass and

microbial diversity can be analyzed by the

quantitative and qualitative study of membrane

phospholipid fatty acids PLFAs. This method is

regarded as a very sensitive and reliable tool, to

evaluate soil microbial activity and estimate the

level of organic matter decomposition.

The co-composting of olive oil mill wastes was

followed for 5 months. During the thermophilic

phase of composting, the aerobic heterotrophic

bacteria (AHB) count showed a significant rise

with a slight regression of fungal biomass. In the

same way, phospholipid fatty acids PLFAs

common in bacteria showed a significant increase

of hydroxyl and branched PLFAs. The evaluation

of the ratio of octa-decenoic PLFAs to stearic

acid (C18:1/C18:0) revealed a significant

reduction, while a significant rise in the length of

aliphatic chains evaluated by the stearic acid to

palmitic acid ratio (C18:0/C16:0) was noted

during the stabilization phase.

The follow-up of PLFAs indicates the degree of

biodegradation that occurs during composting, it

can be regarded an indicator of the stability and

maturity of the end product.

Keywords : olive mill wastes, biodegradation,

microbial biomass, PLFA

PIII-12 : Étude Physicochimique et

Microbiologique et Parasitologique des Eaux

Usées Brutes Réutilisées en Irrigation dans la

Région de Marrakech

Chaoua S.1*, Khadra A.1, Boussaa S.1, 2,

Boumezzough A.1

1. Laboratoire Écologie et Environnement (L2E),

(URAC 32), Université Cadi Ayyad, Faculté des

Sciences Semlalia, Marrakech, Maroc


des Techniques de Santé, Marrakech, Maroc


Abstract

Aujourd’hui, au Maroc, la réutilisation des eaux

usées, en agriculture, est devenue une pratique

très répandue, dans les régions où les déficits

hydriques sont les plus accentués. En effet, les

eaux usées peuvent être une alternative qui libère

un volume supplémentaire d'eau de bonne qualité,

pour des utilisations prioritaires (OMS, 1989).

Cependant, les eaux usées, rejetées directement

dans le milieu récepteur sans aucun traitement,







constituent un risque sur les ressources naturelles

et aussi sur les populations qui sont en contact

permanent ou consommant les produits agricoles

irrigués avec ces eaux.

L’objectif de cette étude est d’évaluer l'impact de

l'irrigation par les eaux usées brutes et de

caractériser sur le plan physico-chimique,

microbiologique et parasitologique la qualité des

eaux usées rejetées par la station d’épuration de la

ville de Marrakech et qui ruissellent dans des

séguias jusqu’au zones d’irrigation dans les

localités dites Harbil, au nord, et, El Azouzia

(Fillala), à l’ouest.

Les résultats préliminaires nous ont permis de

recenser un nombre important d’agents

infectieux, concluant un risque élevé de maladies

diarrhéiques, chez la population locale. Cette

pathologie est classée, selon l’OMS, la deuxième

cause de mortalité chez les enfants.

Mots Clés : eaux usées, physico-chimie,

microbiologie, parasitologie, irrigation,

Marrakech

PIII-13 : Immobilization Mobilization of

Heavy Metals in Bio Augmented Soil : Soil

Column Study

Bahafid W.*, Tahri Joutey N., Sayel H., El

Ghachtouli N.

Microbial Biotechnology Laboratory, Faculty of

Sciences and Technology, Sidi Mohammed Ben

Abdellah University, Fez, Morocco


Abstract

Microorganisms play important roles, in the

biogeochemical cycling of metals. Some

microbial processes release metals thereby

increasing their mobility which may increase

bioavailability, whereas, other processes result in

immobilization and reduction of bioavailability.

The experiments were carried out in column

systems containing artificially contaminated soils

to investigate the effect of two yeast strains on

mobilization/immobilization of Cr (VI), Cu (II)

and Zn. The treatment system was based on the

application of leaching.

The results showed that the concentration of Cr

(VI) in soils bioaugmented with yeasts was

remediated and Cr (VI) concentration in leachate

was lower than detectable level after column

leaching as compared to control. It was observed

that the inoculation of soil complexing zinc by

two yeasts causes significant metals

remobilization as compared to control. While in

the case of Cu an immobilization was detected.

Our results suggested that microbial activity is

responsible for both immobilization of Cr (VI)

and Cu (II) and mobilization Zn (II) from soil.

Keywords : heavy metals, yeasts,

immobilization, mobilization, contaminated soils

PIII-14 : Impact de l’Épandage Direct des

Boues de Stations d’Épuration sur la

Croissance du Blé

El Ouaqoudi F.Z.1*, Meddich A.2, Hafidi M.1

1. Laboratoire Ecologie et Environnement (Unité

associée au CNRST, URAC 32), Faculté des

Sciences Semlalia, Univesrité Cadi Ayyad,

Marrakech, Morocco

2. Laboratoire de Biotechnologie et Physiologie

Végétale, Faculté des Sciences Semlalia,

Univesrité Cadi Ayyad, Marrakech, Morocco


Abstract

Actuellement, l’épuration des eaux usées, au sein

des stations d’épurations (STEP), cause une

production non négligeable de boues. Ces

dernières sont caractérisées par leur richesse en

matière organique (MO) et en éléments

fertilisants, et, donc, peuvent être utilisées comme

un amendement organique. Néanmoins, la

présence dans ces résidus d’éléments traces

métalliques (ETM) et des microorganismes

pathogènes nécessite une étude préalable de la

qualité de ces boues, avant toute usage agricole.

Le but de notre travail est d’étudier l’effet de

l’épandage direct des boues de STEP sur la

croissance des plantes, pour déterminer sa valeur

agronomique et son impact sur le système sol-

plante. Dans cette optique, des essais d’apport de

doses croissantes (5 t/h, 10t /h, 25 t/h et 50 t/h) de





la boue de STEP de Marrakech sur la culture du

blé ont été réalisés.

La caractérisation des substrats utilisés a été

effectuée par la mesure des principaux paramètres

physicochimiques (pH, humidité, COT, NTK et

phosphore assimilable). L’effet de différentes

doses de la boue sur la croissance du blé a été

effectué par la mesure de différents paramètres de

croissances tels que l’allongement aérien et

racinaire, matière fraiche aérienne et racinaire et

matière sèche aérienne et racinaire.

Après 40 jours de culture, les différents

paramètres de croissance étudiés ont montré un

développement significatif qui est corrélé avec

l’application croissante des doses de la boue. En

général, l’apport de la boue a permis une bonne

croissance végétale du blé. La mesure de

l’allongement aérien et racinaire a montré une

augmentation progressive par application des

doses croissantes de la boue. La même distinction

a été observée pour la matière fraîche aérienne et

racinaire ainsi que la matière sèche aérienne et

racinaire. Donc l’apport de la boue a permis une

amélioration considérable de la croissance du blé

par rapport au témoin.

D’après les résultats obtenus, on constate que

l’apport de différentes doses de la boue des STEP

(doses équivalentes à 5 t/h, 10t /h, 25 t/h et 50

t/h) a permis une bonne amélioration de la

croissance végétale du blé. Cette amélioration est

proportionnelle à la dose apportée.

Key Words: Boues de stations d’épuration,

épandage direct, blé, paramètres de croissance


Déchets Assimilés par Compostage

Biyada S., Merzouki M., Benlemlih M.

Unité de Biotechnologie de l’Environnement,


Sciences Dhar El Mahraz, Fès, Université Sidi

Mohamed Ben Abdellah, Fès, Maroc


[email protected]

Abstract

Depuis quelques décennies, le Maroc connaît une

forte croissance de la population urbaine. Avec

l’urbanisation rapide, l’évolution des modes de

consommation et l'intensification des activités

économiques, la production des déchets est en

constante augmentation. Ces déchets sont de

nature très variées tels que les déchets des

ménages, des unités industrielles, des espaces

verts, de l’agriculture et les déchets hospitaliers,

dont les nuisances deviennent inquiétantes. Le

rejet de ces déchets sans aucun traitement

préalable engendre des impacts nocifs sur

l’environnement, mais, aussi, sur la santé

humaine, d'où vient la nécessité de les traiter

avant de les rejeter dans la nature.

L’objectif principal de ce travail est d’optimiser

le procédé de compostage, en utilisant différents

types de déchets (déchets ménagers, déchets vert,

…), ainsi leur valorisation en bio-engrais à des

fins agricole, en apportant une valeur économique

pour la mise en place des conditions favorables

du développement durable.

Mots Clés : déchets solides, compostage,

traitement biologique, compost

PIII-16 : Biological Properties of the Urban

Soils from Marrakech City

Naylo A.1*, Laaouidi Y.1, El Khalil H.1,

Schwartz C.2, Boularbah A.1

1. Laboratoire aliments, Environnement et santé,


Cadi-Ayyad, Marrakech, Morocco

2. Laboratoire Sols et Environnement, UMR

1120, Université de Lorraine, Vandœuvre-lès-

Nancy, France


Abstract

The study of urban soils is receiving more

intention in the last decades seen their socio-

economic importance and their influence on the

human health and his wellbeing. Many studies

have been conducted around the world to

characterize their chemical quality, while their

biological properties had been, in general,

neglected.

In this work, we studied microbial concentration

(bacteria, fungi and actinomycetes) and

enzymatic activities (dehydrogenase, urease and

phosphatase) in 9 urban soils collected from





different sites in the city of Marrakech, Morocco.

The nine sites were chosen following an

increasing anthropogenic degree from the peri-

urban area of the city toward the historical center

(El Khalil et al., 2008).

The results showed that the microbial

concentration varied between the nine sites, with

an increase concentration, following the

anthropogenic gradient where the highest

concentrations of the three groups were observed,

in the most disturbed soils. Enzymatic activities

also varied between different sites, but on the

opposite of trend observed, in the microbial

concentration, the activities decreased when the

gradient of the anthropisation increased. The

highest activities of the three enzymes

(dehydrogenase, phosphatase and urease) were

observed, in the least disturbed soils.

The results confirm that anthropisation causes a

wide spatial diversity of soils, in urban and peri-

urban environments. It introduces technogenic

elements in soils which have an impact on the

biological functioning of soil.

Keywords : urban soils, microbial concentration,

enzyme activities, anthropisation.

PIII-17 : Removal of Crystal Violet Dye from

Aqueous Solutions Using a Food Waste as Low

Cost Adsorbent

Boumchita S.1,2*, Lahrichi A.2, Benjelloun

Y.1,2, Zerrouq F.a

1. Laboratory of Catalysis, Materials and

Environment, University of Fez, School of

Technology, Fez, Morocco

2. Laboratory of chemistry University of Fes,

Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of Fez,

Morocco


Abstract

Synthetic dyes are widely used, in various

industries such as cosmetic, pharmaceutical,

paper, leather tanning, plastic and textile.

Wastewater effluents produced, in large volume

from these industries, can cause considerable

environmental pollution. In recent years, many

methods including coagulation and flocculation,

reverse osmosis, chemical oxidation, biological

treatments and adsorption have been developed,

for treating dye containing wastewater. Among

all of these methods, adsorption is a highly

preferred technique, for treating dye containing

wastewater, because of its simplicity and

efficiency. Recently, the idea of using various

waste materials as adsorbents for the removal of

dyes from wastewater has been investigated by

number of authors, because of their low cost, low

toxicity and easy availability.

In this study, the adsorption of Crystal Violet dye

from aqueous solution, on low cost adsorbent,

Peanut Shell, was studied using batch

experiments. The effect of adsorbent dose, initial

dye concentration, contact time, pH and

temperature was investigated. The adsorption

kinetics was followed by the pseudo-second order

models, for all investigated initial dye

concentration.

Experimental data showed a good fit with

Langmuir isotherm models. The thermodynamic

parameters such as enthalpy ∆H°, entropy ∆S°

and free energy ∆G° have also been evaluated to

predict the nature of adsorption.

All results show that Peanut shell is one of the

most promising low cost adsorbent for the

removal of Cristal violet from aqueous solution.

Keywords : food waste, Crystal Violet,

adsorption, isotherms, kinetic

PIII-18 : Approach to study biofilm formation

and chlorine disinfection against Legionella

pneumophila in water distribution system

Assaidi A.1,2, Ellouali M.1, Latrache H.1,

Timinouni M.2, Zahir H.1, Barguigua A.3

Elmdaghri N.2, Mliji E.2

1. Laboratory of Bioprocess and Bio-interfaces,


Mellal, Morocco

2. Laboratory Microbiology of water and

environmental hygiene, Pasteur Institute of

Morocco, Casablanca, Morocco.

3. Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University

Sultan Moulay Slimane, Beni Mellal, Morocco

Abstract





Legionella pneumophila is a ubiquitous pathogen

responsible for severe pneumonia disease.This

bacterium can survive within biofilms and free-

living amoebae and also found at high levels in

man-made water systems such as air conditioning

and cooling towers of hospitals, hotels, cruise

ships, industrial facilities and family residences.

Many studies have been conducted on the success

of different methods that can be used for removal

the Legionella bacteria, in water distribution

systems.

The aim of our study is tested the response of the

planktonic cellules and Legionella biofilm, in the

presence of free chlorine with a difference’s

concentration.

Galvanised steel and polyvinyl chloride (PVC)

commonly used for water distribution system

were employed as a substratum. The ability of

biofilm formation and chlorine disinfection

efficiency test were investigated after 10, 20 and

30 days of incubations. First we tested the

resistance of planktonic cells at recommended

chlorine levels between 0.2 and 0.5 mg/L.

Secondly we observed the biofilm ability

formation of L. pneumophila behaviour (10, 20

and 30 days) towards the hyper-chlorination.

Planktonic cells were able to survive during the

study period in the presence of chlorine in broth

and sterile tap water. No colony is appear

immediately, after the biofilm chlorination at 100,

200 and 300 mg.L-1, for 2 hours, but he was able

to tolerate this treatment and continue to grow on

subsequent days. The coupons were observed by

scanning electronics microscope before and after

treatment.

Those data indicate the role of biofilm formation

in the resistance of L.pneumophila to disinfectant

treatment and that hyper-chlorination killed

planktonic bacteria, in the water distribution

system, but it can also change their

physicochemical properties.

This mechanism require further study.

Keywords : Legionella pneumophila, biofilm,

chlorine disinfection, water distribution system

PIII-19 : Sequencing Batch Reactor using

Activated Sludge : An Effective and Economic

Solution to Cleanse the Brassware Wastewater

Laidi O.*, Merzouki M., Elkarrach K., El

Harrad H., Biyada S., El Harrad O.,

Benlemlih M.

Faculty of Sciences, Fes, Morocco


Abstract

Brassware wastewater is classified as the most

dangerous effluent, in particular, when it is

directly discharged in the receiving environment

without any preliminary treatment what generate

enormous problems for the receiving medium.

The aim of this work is to study the biological

pathway treatment of effluents, at low and

medium organic load with sequencing batch

reactor (SBR). The effluents characterization

have shown a high concentration of metallic load

such as silver (3.05 mg.L-1), copper (10.64 mg.L-

1), nickel (150.94 mg.L-1) and organic load with

the an average COD of 4000 mg.L-1. The SBR

has been used in a 24 hours cycle for 22 hours of

aeration and 2 hours of tailing.

The results have shown a significant reduction in

COD and BOD5 for both low and medium applied

organic loads. The COD removal rates present

81% and 74%, while the BOD5 abatement reaches

86% and 81%, at low and medium organic load,

respectively. The abatements observed for heavy

metals such as Ag, Cu and Ni with low and

medium load were 32.87%, 41.42%, 30.98% and

27.77%, 34.63%, 26.06%, respectively.

The efficiency SBR results have been affected by

the presence of both high heavy metals

concentrations and increased organic load in real

effluent brassware.

Keywords : effluent brassware, sequencing batch

reactor, heavy metals, organic load, aeration

PIII-20 : Assessment of Heat Release and

Organic Matter Degradation by Using Two

Mathematical Models during Sludge Co-

Composting in a Bioreactor

Boutafda A.1,2*, El Fels L.1,4, El Faiz A.1, Jamil

S.3, Ouhdouch Y.2, Hafidi M.1

1. Laboratoire d’Écologie et Environnement,

(associé au CNRST, URAC32), Faculté des





Sciences, Université Cadi Ayyad, Marrakech,

Maroc


Microorganismes, Faculté des Sciences,


3. Laboratoire de Génie des Procédés et


Techniques, Université Hassan II, Mohammedia,

Maroc




Abstract

Les effluents d’huileries d’olives posent de

sérieux problèmes environnementaux. Ces

problèmes sont attribués à la richesse des

effluents en matière organique et, en particulier,

en polyphénols qui sont responsables d’effets

phytotoxiques et antimicrobiens.

L’objectif principal de ce travail est d’évaluer la

capacité de plusieurs souches de microorganismes

à réduire la toxicité de ces effluents, pour une

réutilisation agricole éventuelle.

Le screening de souches de microorganismes

capables de se développer sur des milieux de

cultures solides, à base de cet effluent, à

différentes dilutions, a permis de sélectionner une

bactérie appartenant au genre Bacillus et une

levure appartenant au genre Rhodotorula. Le test

d’antagonisme et de la croissance sur un milieu

liquide stérile à base de l’effluent a permis

d’orienter, par la suite, les traitements

biologiques, afin d’optimiser l’abattement de la

charge polluante de cet effluent.

Les essais de traitement biologique de l’effluent

d’huilerie d’olive sur lequel aucun traitement

préalable n’a été apporté, sans addition de

nutriments ni modification du pH, ont été

conduits dans un bioréacteur en système batch,

inoculé par une suspension des souches

sélectionnées.

Les résultats des abattements de la demande

chimique en oxygène (DCO) et les polyphénols

totaux, pendant un mois de traitement, dépassent

80% et 70%, respectivement.

Mots Clés : effluent d’huilerie d’olive, traitement

biologique, Bacillus, Rhodotorula, polyphénols,

demande chimique en oxygène

PIII-21 : Évaluation de l’Écotoxicité d’un

Pesticide Organophosphoré sur Deux Espèces

de l’Écosystème Aquatique (Daphnia magna et

Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata)

Montassir L.*, Berrebaan I., Bessi H.

Laboratoire de Virologie, Microbiologie et

Qualité, Écotoxicologie et Biodiversité


L’utilisation intensive des pesticides, en vue

d’améliorer les rendements et la diversité des

cultures, constitue une menace importante, pour

les milieux aquatiques, en perturbant les

organismes qui y vivent et compromette ainsi le

bon fonctionnement de l’écosystème.

Au Maroc, le recours à l’utilisation des pesticides

est de plus en plus important, et, parmi ces

pesticides, les organophosphorés sont très

employés, dans l’agriculture marocaine, d’où la

nécessité d’évaluer leur écotoxicité qui repose, en

partie, sur la mesure des effets toxiques à court et

à long terme, qu’ils provoquent sur les

organismes du milieu aquatique, en utilisant des

bioessais écotoxicologiques largement adoptés

par la communauté scientifique.

Pour cela, nous avons choisi deux espèces

représentatives du milieu aquatique un

microcrustacé Daphnia magna et une microalgue

Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata communément

utilisées dans les bioessais d’écotoxicité

aquatique comme modèles biologiques et

approuvées par des organisations internationales

(ISO, Environnement Canada, OCDE, EPA, US),

afin d’évaluer la toxicité d’un pesticide

organophosphoré, souvent employé dans

l’agriculture marocaine, pour le traitement des

parties aériennes.

A la fin de l’essai, nous avons remarqué une

toxicité moindre de l’organophosphoré vis-à-vis

de l’algue Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata

contrairement à Daphnia magna qui était plus

sensible à l’organophosphoré.




Mots Clés : bio-essai, pesticide

organophosphoré, Daphnia magna,

Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata, écotoxicité

PIII-22 : Algicidal Effects of two Moroccan

Medicinal Plants against Microcystis

aeruginosa Isolated from a Moroccan

Eutrophic Lake

Tebaa L.1, Douma M.1, Tazart Z.1, Loudiki M.1

Laboratory of Biology and Biotechnology of

Microorganisms, Faculty of Sciences Semlalia,

University Cadi Ayyad, Marrakech, Morocco

Abstract

The occurrence of Harmful Algal Blooms

(HABs), especially the toxic cyanobacterium

Microcystis aeruginosa, in lakes and reservoirs,

can lead to substantial socio-economic losses and

adverse damages to water quality and human

health. Using a natural algaecide, as an alternative

replacing chemical algaecides, will be

promessing and ecofriendly solutions.

The aim of this work was to assess the algicidal

effects of two Moroccan medicinal plants

(Thymus satureioides Coss. and Artemisia herba

alba on the growth of Microcystis aeruginosa

isolated from Lalla Takerkoust lake reservoir.

An experimental was designed which five

different aqueous extract treatments (1%, 0,75%,

0,5%, 0,25% et 0,1%) and a control group were

used. Physiological and morphological

parameters of M. aeruginosa cultures were

analyzed.

The obtained results showed that after 8 days of

treatment, the highest inhibition rates reached

95,93% and 88,58% in Thymus satureioides

Coss. and Artemisia herba alba aqueous extracts,

respectively. The Chlorophyll a and carotenoids

concentrations, in cultures, decreased, especially,

in the treatment groups 1%. Several

morphological changes were notably observed, in

the treatment group compared to the controls.

It was concluded that the inhibition of M.

aeruginosa growth was suppressed by condensed

tannins, total polyphenol, flavonoids and

probably by others allelochemical substances, in

all tested aqueous extracts.

Keywords : Microcystis aeruginosa, Thymus

satureioides Coss, Artemisia herba alba L.,

natural algaecide, morphological and

physiological changes, growth inhibition,

Morocco

PIII-23 : Allelopathic Effects of Two Aquatic

Macrophytes Extracts on Microcystis

aeruginosa Isolated from a Moroccan Lake

Reservoir

Tazart Z.1, Douma M.1 , Tebaa L.1, Loudiki

M.1




Abstract

Aquatic macrophytes are considered to be

promising, in the biocontrol of harmful algal

blooms (HABs).

In this research, the inhibitory effect of aqueous

extracts of Rananculus aquatilis and Nasturtium

officinale on Microcystis aeruginosa was

assessed.

Five treatments (0.1%, 0.25%, 0.50%, 0.75% and

1%) and a control group were designed to assess

their effects on Microcystis growth. Physiological

and morphological parameters of M. aeruginosa

cultures were analyzed.

The obtained results showed that M. aeruginosa

growth was significantly inhibited by the two

macrophytes aqueous extracts, in a concentration

dependent way. After 8 days of treatment, the

highest inhibition rates reached 100% and

74.75%, in R. aquatilis and N. officinale aqueous

extracts, respectively. The Chlorophyll a and

carotenoids concentrations, in cultures, decreased

in the treatment groups. The contents of

phycocyanin and allophycocyanine were also

reduced, in both the two treatments (1%, 0.75%).

Several morphological changes were notably

observed, in the treatment groups compared to the

controls.

It was concluded that M. aeruginosa growth

inhibition was specially induced by the total

polyphenol, flavonoids, tannins and probably by




others allelochemical substances, in all tested

aqueous extracts.

Keywords : Microcystis aeruginosa

macrophytes, aqueous extract, allelopathy,

growth inhibition, morphological changes,

Morocco

PIII-24 : Flavobacterium psychrophilum

Screening with Actinobacteria Producer of

Bioactive Substances

Kritihi A.1,2*, Ouaissa K.1, Barakate M.2,

Hasnaoui M.1

1. Laboratory of Management and Development

of Natural Resources, Faculty Science and

Technology, Sultan Moulay Slimane University,

Béni Mellal, Morocco


Microorganisms, Faculty Semlalia Sciences, Cadi

Ayyad University, Marrakech, Morocco


Abstract

Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) is a

salmonid bold, easy to lay and rapid growth. It is

a species well adapted to the Moroccan climate

and it is high in the cold waters, in the region of

Azrou. However, several diseases and pests can

affect its intensive farming and cause significant

mortality of trout, in the early ages and this even

though in some cases and under the permission of

the veterinarian, antibiotics and other

pharmaceutical products are prescribed and used

for treatments.

Furthermore, it was noted that certain

microorganisms developing resistance to broad-

spectrum antibiotics. Among these

microorganisms, we find the species

Flavobacterium psychrophilum which is a Gram-

negative bacterium, filamentous, rod-shaped. This

bacterium is part of the bacterial flora of the skin

of the fish and the aquatic environment (Bullock

and Snieszko, 1981) and because that the

flavobacteriosis qualified as cold water disease.

In order to fight against this pathogen, a screening

program bioactive substances has been developed

which consists of among others the screening of

Moroccan ecosystems Actinobacteria capable of

producing bioactive molecules against F.

psychrophilum.

Many isolates showed activities vary according to

pathogenic strains and testing biological and

chemical characterization of these activities are

possible.

Keywords : Actinobacteria, screening, bioactive

substances, Rainbow trout, Flavobacterium

psychrophilum

P-III-25 : Assessment of Adsorption Kinetics

for Removal Potential of Brilliant Green Dye

from Aqueuous Solutions Using the Residue of

Parsley Extraction

Miyah Y.1,2*, Lahrichi A.2, Taouda H.3, Idrissi

M.1, Mtarfi N.E.4, Kachkoul R.2, Zerrouq F.1

1. Laboratory of Catalysis, Materials and

Environment, School of Technology, University

Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdellah, Fez, Morocco

2. Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of

Medicine and Pharmacy, University Sidi

Mohammed Ben Abdellah, Fez, Morocco

3. Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules, Faculty of

Science and Technology, University Sidi

Mohammed Ben Abdellah, Fez, Morocco

4. Laboratory of Engineering, Electrochemistry

and Modeling Environment, Faculty of Science of

Dhar Mahraz, University Sidi Mohammed Ben

Abdellah Fez, Morocco

Abstract

The efficiency of parsley residue as a low-cost

adsorbent for removing a cationic dye brilliant

green (BG) from aqueous solution has been

investigated by using batch mode experiments.

The effects of different parameters, namely

amount of adsorbent, initial dye concentration,

contact time, temperature, pH solution and ionic

strength of dye solution have been studied to

understand the adsorption behavior of the

adsorbent under various conditions. The

adsorbent has been characterized by pHzpc

measurement, FTIR and SEM coupled by EDAX.

The experimental isotherm data were analyzed

using Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm

equation. The maximum monolayer adsorption

capacity was 179 mg.g-1 at optimum conditions.





The kinetic results of adsorption obeyed a

pseudo-second-order model. Brilliant green

adsorption fitted the Langmuir isotherm.

Thermodynamic parameters including the Gibbs

free energy ΔG°, enthalpy ΔH°, and entropy ΔS°

have revealed that the adsorption of BG on the

parsley residue is feasible, spontaneous and

exothermic.

Keywords : cationic dye, isotherm, kinetic,

thermodynamic, adsorption

PIII-26 : Immobilization Mobilization of

Heavy Metals in Bioaugmented Soil : Soil

Column Study

Wifak Bahafid, Nezha Tahri Joutey, Hanane

Sayel, Naïma El Ghachtouli

Microbial Biotechnology Laboratory, Faculty of

Sciences and Technology, Sidi Mohammed Ben

Abdellah University, Fez, Morocco

*E-mail :[email protected]

Abstract

Microorganisms play important roles in the

biogeochemical cycling of metals. Some

microbial processes release metals thereby

increasing their mobility which may increase

bioavailability. Whereas other processes result in

immobilization and reduction of bioavailability.

The experiments were carried out in column

systems containing artificially contaminated soils

to investigate the effet of two yeast strains on

mobilization/immobilization of Cr (VI), Cu (II)

and Zn. The treatment system was based on the

application of leaching.

The results showed that the concentration of Cr

(VI) in soils bioaugmented with yeasts was

remediated and Cr (VI) concentration in leachate

was lower than detectable level after column

leaching as compared to control. It was observed

that the inoculation of soil complexing zinc by

two yeasts causes significant metals

remobilization as compared to control. While in

the case of Cu an immobilization was detected.

Our results suggested that microbial activity is

responsible for both immobilization of Cr (VI)

and Cu (II) and mobilization Zn (II) from soil.

Keywords : heavy metals, yeasts,

immobilization, mobilization, contaminated soils.

PIII-27 : Accumulation of Heavy Metals by

Streptomyces sp. Isolated from Abandoned

Mine in Marrakech Region, Morocco

El Baz S.1*, El Gharmali A.2, Imziln B.1*

1. Laboratory of Biology and Biotechnology for



2. Laboratory of Hydrobiology, Ecotoxicology

and Assainissment, Faculty of Sciences Semlalia,



[email protected]

Abstract

Actinobacteria constitute a morphologically

diverse group of Gram-positive bacteria, with

high metabolic versatility. Solecka et al., (2012)

estimated that 75% of secondary metabolites are

produced by the genus Streptomyces. Their

metabolic diversity, particular growth

characteristics and mycelial form, make them

well-suited for use as agents for bioremediation

(Fuentes et al., 2010).

The aim of this work was to investigate metals

(lead, cadmium, chromium, copper and zinc)

resistance and bioaccumulation potential of

Streptomyces sp. isolated from some abandoned

mining areas, in Morocco.

Twenty four strains were isolated from Sidi

Bouatman, Bir Nhas and Goundafa mining

residues and were identified, using

morphological, biochemical and molecular (16S

rRNA) characteristics. Minimum inhibitory

concentrations (MIC) were defined and the

chemical precipitation assays of metals were

performed, by using hydrogen sulfide technic

(H2S). For heavy metal accumulation

experiments, living isolates were kept in contact

with metal solution (0.5 mg.mL-1), during 3

hours, and the quantities of metal removed by

isolate’s biomass were calculated.

Obtained results of the tested strains showed high

resistance to metals and the minimum inhibitory

concentrations (MIC, in mg.mL-1) recorded as

0,55 for Pb, 0,15 for Cr and 0,10 for both Zn and

Cu. The precipitation assay revealed that the






strains BN3 can accumulate Pb at concentrations

up to 615 mg.g-1 of biomass.

In conclusion, the removal of toxic components

from industrial effluents is of a great importance.

Streptomyces sp. BN3 which was isolated from

Bir Nhas mine may be an useful strain, for

bioremediation of heavy metals, in contaminated

effluents or other polluted environments.

Keywords : heavy metals, resistance,

accumulation, Streptomyces, mining residues

PIII-28 : Antibiotic Resistance Profiling and

Phenotyping of Aeromonas species Isolated

from Polluted and Unpolluted Aquatic

Environments of Marrakech

Fassih K.1*, Imziln B.1*





[email protected]

Abstract

Aeromonas species are widely distributed, in the

aquatic environment and have been frequently

isolated from various foods. Motile aeromonads

are considered as emerging food-borne

pathogens, because it was shown that some

Aeromonas food isolates can produce different

virulence factors. The mesophilic aeromonads

have been commonly isolated from patients with

gastroenteritis although their role in disease

causation remains unclear. They are also

associated with sepsis and wounds and with eye,

respiratory tract, and other systemic infections.

The species principally associated with

gastroenteritis are A. caviae, A. hydrophila and A.

veronii biovar sobria, A. caviae is particularly

associated with young children (under 3 years of

age).

The present study aimed to investigate antibiotics

resistance and phenotyping of

Aeromonas species isolated from polluted and

unpolluted aquatic environments of Marrakech.

A total of 122 Aeromonas strains were isolated

from three aquatic sources (Tensift river (n=39),

raw sewage (n=42) and treated sewage (n=41). A.

caviae, A. hydrophila and A. veronii biovar sobria

were the three dominant species found, in the

prospected sources.

Resistance to 5 antibiotics (Tetracycline (30 μg),

Ampicillin (10 μg), Nalixidic Acid (30 μg),

Ciproflaxacine (5 μg) and Chloramphenicol (10

μg)) was tested.

The obtained result revealed the resistance of all

isolates to Ampicillin. For unpolluted aquatic

environments, we recorded that all isolates were

completely susceptible to Tetracycline (100%),

94.12% of them were susceptible to

Chloramphenicol and 88.24% to Ciproflaxacine

where only 64.70% were found to be susceptible

to Nalixidic Acid. From the polluted aquatic

environments, 84% of the isolates were found to

be susceptible to Chloramphenicol, 67% were

found to be susceptible to Nalixidic Acid, 78% to

Ciproflaxacine and 56% to Tetracycline.

Control of aeromonad numbers and diversity, in

aquatic systems, is needed to avoid emerging

diseases and public health concerns.

Keywords : Aeromonas spp., antibiotic

resistance, aquatic environments, Marrakech

PIII-29 : Étude de la Relation entre des

Bactéries de Legionella pneumophila et des

Amibes Isolées à partir d’Écosystèmes

Aquatiques à Marrakech

Jediyi H.1*, Imziln B. 1*





[email protected]

Abstract

Les bactéries Legionella pneumophila sont

connues comme des parasites intracellulaires

facultatifs de certaines amibes vivant librement

dans l’eau douce. Les amibes libres peuvent

intervenir dans des relations de type symbiotique

ou parasitaire, avec certaines bactéries

pathogènes, représentant ainsi un réservoir

environnemental très important de germes.

Plusieurs bactéries pathogènes sont effectivement

connues, pour les relations parasitaires qu’elles








développent avec certaines amibes libres. C’est

notamment le cas de Bacillus subtillis, Serratia

marcescens, Pseudomonas, Yersinia, Shigella,

Campylobacter et Legionella. À cause de

l’implication des bactéries de ce dernier genre,

dans de nombreuses infections pulmonaires, entre

autres, les légionelloses, de nombreuses études se

sont intéressées aux relations existantes entre les

amibes et des bactéries de Legionella

pneumophila.

L’objectif de ce travail est d’étudier le

comportement des deux souches amibiennes,

isolées à partir de l’eau douce, à Marrakech (SA1,

SA2), vis-à-vis d’une souche de L. pneumophila

sérogroupe 1.

Les résultats obtenus ont permis de mettre en

évidence des propriétés originales des amibes vis-

à-vis de Legionella pneumophilla, avec

notamment, une capacité de résistance et une

capacité de contrôler la prolifération des

bactéries. Nous avons aussi étudié la viabilité des

souches de L. pneumophila, dans différentes

conditions. Les deux souches amibiennes testées

ont montré des capacités d’incubation différentes

vis-à-vis de la bactérie étudiée. La souche de

Legionella pneumophila Sérogroupe 1 a montré

un pouvoir revivifiant après une co-culture de 72

heurs avec les deux souches amibiennes. Nos

résultats complètent les données de la littérature.

Nous estimons que les amibes libres méritent une

attention particulière, du fait qu’elles jouent le

rôle de vecteurs grâce auxquels les légionelles se

développent et se propagent dans

l’environnement.

Mots Clés : Legionella pneumophila, pouvoir

incubateur, souches amibiennes, cytotoxicité, Co-

culture

PIII-30 : Étude de la Flore Microbienne des

Sols Agricoles Contaminés par des Métaux

Lourds

Saindou N.1*, El Gharmali A.2, Imziln B.1*



University Cadi Ayyad, Marrakech, Maroc


and Assainissment, Faculty of Sciences Semlalia,

University Cadi Ayyad, Marrakech, Maroc


[email protected]

Abstract

La contamination des sols est une préoccupation

sociétale majeure. Aujourd’hui, les sols agricoles

sont de plus en plus menacés par la pollution par

les métaux lourds. Ces métaux lourds

proviennent des nombreux activées liés

directement à l’Homme, notamment, les activités

industrielles, le trafic routier, les exploitations

minières, ... Le problème majeur de la

contamination des sols réside surtout dans le fait

que les métaux lourds sont non biodégradables et

persistent donc dans la nature, pendant des

longues périodes. Ceci peut se percuter sur la

santé des êtres humains et des animaux et à cela

s’ajoute le fait que ces contaminants vont affecter

directement la flore microbienne qui comprend

plusieurs microorganismes d'importance

environnementale.

Le but de ce travail est de déterminer la diversité

des microorganismes des sols contaminés par des

métaux lourds et de les comparer avec des sols

témoins non explosés à la pollution par les

métaux.

Ainsi pour la réalisation de ce travail, des

échantillons de sols non contaminés et d’autres

contaminés par des métaux lourds ont été

prélevés, dans une région à proximité de la mine

de Draa Sfar.

Les analyses physicochimiques et le dosage des

métaux lourds présents dans les échantillons ont

été réalisés.

Plus de 100 souches bactériennes ont été isolées

et purifiées, afin d’évaluer leur résistance aux

métaux lourds, par la détermination de leur CMI.

Cinq métaux lourds (Plomb, Cuivre, Zinc,

Chrome, Cadmium) ont été testés, avec

différentes concentrations (0,05, 0,15, 0,25,

0,375, 0,5 et 1 mg.mL-1), sur le milieu Duxbury.

Enfin, l’identification des souches les plus

résistantes aux différents métaux a été effectuée.

Mots Clés : métaux lourds, sols, pollution,

bactéries, résistance, mines






PIII-31 : Study of Heavy Metals Tolerance and

PGPR Potential of Rhizobacteria Isolated

from Two Mining Sites in Marrakech Region

El Alaoui A.1,2, Bechtaoui N.1, Benidire L.1,

Achouak W.2, Imziln B.1, Oufdou K.1



Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakech, Morocco

2. CEA, DRF/BIAM, Lab Ecol Microb

Rhizosphere & Environ Extrem, Saint Paul-Lez

Durance, France

Abstract

Both active and abandoned mines impose a risk

of contamination by heavy metals, because

particles can be distributed, in the surrounding

environment, including groundwater, by wind and

rainwater. The mining activities generate a large

amount of very unstable toxic waste, in the soils

affecting living creatures including

microorganisms. Furthermore, continuous

exposure to heavy metals leads to a reduction of

their abundance in soils.

The objective of this study is to isolate tolerant

strains and to evaluate their tolerance towards

three different heavy metals (HMs) : cupper (Cu),

lead (Pb) and zinc (Zn) being the major toxic

elements, in mining sites Draa Sfar and Kettara.

Since Kettara soil was extremely acid therefore

no microorganism was isolated directly from the

soil. So we tried isolating microorganisms, from

the rhizosphere of six collected plants.

The results showed low abundances of

microorganisms in Draa Sfar soil (4.46 x 106

UFC.g-1), in comparison to a non-contaminated

soil (1.25 x 108 UFC.g-1). Also, 35 strains isolated

from Draa Sfar soil and plants from the two sites

showed tolerance to at least one of the three

tested metals. They were selected among others

for being able to grow on Duxbury medium

supplemented with Cu, Pb or Zn. Their minimal

inhibitor concentrations were determined using

96 wells flat bottom plates. The best three strains

in term of HMs tolerance FD1, FD2 and RhOF53

were evaluated for their potential to accumulate

HMs by making, in contact 1 g of microbial dry

biomass, with sterile solutions containing 0.5

mg⋅mL−1 of tested metal. The amount of residual

metal present in the supernatant was measured by

atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS),

showing that the studied strains could accumulate

HMs at different levels.

All the 35 studied strains were identified by

molecular techniques (16S). They belong to the

families of Bacillaceae (67%),

Enterobacteriaceae (8%), Pseudomonadaceae

(6%) and other groups (19%).

In order to investigate their PGPR abilities, these

strains were subjected to an antifungal test

towards three phytopathogenic fungi : Fusarium

culmorum, Fusarium graminearum and

Microdochium rivalequi and showed antifungal

activities.

The selected strains tolerant to heavy metals may

be of great value and a friendly biotechnological

pathway, in order to reduce the pollution of

mining soils, in symbiotic combinations with

plants.

Keywords : mining soil, rhizobacteria, PGPR,

heavy metals, antifungal activity


Déchets Assimilés par Compostage

Biyada S.1*, Merzouki M.1, Benlemlih M.1

1. Unité de Biotechnologie de l’Environnement,


Sciences Dhar El Mahraz, Université Sidi



Abstract

Depuis quelques décennies, le Maroc connaît une

forte croissance de la population urbaine. Avec

l’urbanisation rapide, l’évolution des modes de

consommation et l'intensification des activités

économiques, la production des déchets est en

constante augmentation. Ces déchets sont de

nature très variées tels que les déchets des

ménages, des unités industrielles, des espaces

verts, de l’agriculture et les déchets hospitaliers

dont les nuisances deviennent inquiétantes.

Le rejet de ces déchets, sans aucun traitement

préalable, engendre des impacts nocifs sur

l’environnement, mais, aussi, sur la santé





humaine, d'où vient la nécessité de les traiter

avant de les rejeter dans la nature.

L’objectif principal de ce travail est d’optimiser

le procédé de compostage, en utilisant différents

types de déchets (déchets ménagers, déchets

verts, …), donc, leur valorisation en bio-engrais,

à des fins agricoles, en apportant une valeur

économique, pour la mise en place des conditions

favorables du développement durable.

Mots Clés : déchets solides, compostage,

traitement biologique, compost

PIII-33 : Preliminary Evaluation of

Greenhouse Tomato Plant Wastes Composting

Tabrika I.1,2*, Azim K.1, Mayad E.H.2, Chebli

B.2, Zaafrani M.2

1. Regional Centre of Agricultural Research,

Agadir, Morocco

2. Laboratory of Environmental Engineering and

Biotechnology, National School of Applied

Sciences, Ibn Zohr University, Agadir, Morocco


Abstract

Tomato corprs production is one of the most

important horticultural scope, in Morocco, with

more than 5000 hectares of intensive farming.

Through, this horticultural activity generate large

quantities of organic wastes, especially, in Souss

Massa region, were the amount of crop residues

available is 955 thousand tons, in 2011, and

estimated to be more than 1 million tons, in 2016.

Composting may be an effective option for

management of these organic wastes for use as a

soil amendment and will allow a healthier

fertilizing amendment to the soil, free from any

germs and weed seeds.

The objective of this study was to investigate the

composting process of tomato wastes, sheep

manure and sawdust, in a natural aerated static

windrow, in order to assess the influence initial

C/N ratio on composting parameters.

Results showed that there was a decline in C/N

ratio with 20.86%, 11.95% and 19.50%,

respectively for initial C/N treatments C/N20,

C/N30 and C/N40. A contrasted thermal profiling

has been also noticed, with maxima of +72, +65

and +55°C, respectively, for treatments C/N20,

C/N30 and C/N40. Oxygen demand was

positively correlated with temperature, while a

drastic loss of total salt was observed during

thermophile phase. Quality test revealed that only

treatment C/N30 was statistically equivalent to

the control which confirm that the initial C/N

ratio equal to 30 is the best ratio for having the

optimum composting process.

Keywords : C/N ratio, tomato waste, composting,

compost quality, oxygen demand

PIII-34 : Caractérisation Microbiologique des

Effluents de Certains Services du Centre

Hospitalier Hassan II de Fès

El Mountassir R.1,2, Benjelloun Touimi G.1,2,

Bennani B.1, Tahiri M.3, Oumokhtar B.1,

Lahrichi A.1

1. Laboratoire de Pathologie Humaine,


Médecine et de Pharmacie, Fès, Maroc

2. Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Fès,

Maroc

3. Laboratoire de Géoressources et

Environnement, Fès, Maroc


Abstract

Jusqu’à nos jours, les effluents générés par

l’activité des services hospitaliers, quelle que soit

leur spécialité, sont évacués, au même titre que

les rejets urbains classiques, vers le réseau

d’assainissement communal, sans traitement

préalable [1]. Ces derniers contiennent des

substances spécifiques (résidus médicamenteux,

réactifs chimiques, antiseptiques, détergents,

désinfectants, des agents pathogènes tels que des

bactéries, des virus et des champignons). Ils sont

alors une source majeure d'émissions de polluants

liquides dans l'environnement et présentent un

danger potentiel sur la santé de l’Homme.

L’analyse de ces effluents hospitaliers est

devenue une préoccupation internationale

majeure, en raison des enjeux environnementaux,

sanitaires, stratégiques et financiers [2].






Ce travail s’intéresse à l’étude des effluents de

certains services du centre hospitalier Hassan II

de Fès et a pour objectif la caractérisation

microbiologique des rejets liquides, afin

d’évaluer leur degré de pollution sur

l’environnement et la santé humaine.

Sur un total de 48 échantillons, prélevés sur une

période de 6 mois, le dénombrement des germes

pathogènes tels que les témoins bactériologiques

classiques de pollution fécale, à savoir les

coliformes totaux, les coliformes thermotolérants

Escherichia coli, les Streptocoques fécaux,

Staphylococcus aureus et les Clostridium et la

recherche des témoins spécifiques provenant des

sujets malades ou des porteurs sains tels que

Staphylococcus, Pseudomonas et Salmonella ont

été effectués.

Selon la réglementation nationale, 60% des

échantillons sont conformes alors que 40% était

non conformes.

Des actions d’amélioration sont menées, dans

l’objectif de traiter les effluents hospitaliers, afin

d’obtenir des eaux de bonne qualité et les

réutiliser pour l’irrigation des espaces vertes de

Hôpital.

Mots Clés : effluents hospitaliers, analyses

microbiologiques, germes pathogènes,danger

potentiel

Référence

[1] Tahiri M. et al., (2008). Les effluents liquides

des établissements de santé état des lieux et

perspectives de gestion 47 Chambéry.

[2] Cruz-Morató C. et al. (2014). Science of the

Total Environment, 493, 365-376.

PIII-35 : Phosphate Solubilization and Other

PGP Activities of Actinobacteria Isolated from

Phosphate Mine

Boukeskasse A.1,2, Hafidi M.2, Ouhdouch Y.1


Microorganisms, Faculty of Science Semlalia,

Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakesh, Morocco


Associated with the CNRST, URAC32), Faculty

of Science Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University,

Marrakech, Morocco

Abstract

According to United Nations estimation, the

world's human population will reach 8.9 billion,

in 2050. This increase is noticed, in developing

countries, such as Asia and Africa (Wood, 2001).

To meet this challenge, much of the effort

focused on improving soil fertility. The most

important minerals are nitrogen, phosphorus and

potassium which play a key role in the growth,

metabolism and plant development (McAfee

2008 ; White and Karley2010). The origin of

apatitic phosphate is phosphate mine, the

extraction of this mineral that fact by etching, to

improve phosphate solubilization and increase the

performance of fertilizer biological strategy

appears effective and respectful the environment.

The aim of our study is the screening for

phosphate solubilizing Actinobacteria isolates

from the phosphate mine. Several plant growth

promotion traits were investigated, under alkaline

conditions at +28°C for 5 days. The selected

isolates are able to produce phytohormones AIA,

tolerate salinity, to show phosphatase and

chitinase activities. Among 150 actinomycete

isolates, only 3 isolates were selected. Their

capabilities to promote Zea mays growth under

field conditions in phosphorus deficient soil were

evaluated.

This study is expected to lead to the formulation

of novel bio-phosphate fertilizers. However, its

remains to be completed by the assessment of the

inoculation of selected isolates impact on

microbial biodiversity.

Keywords : phosphate solubilization,

actinomycetes, PGPR, Zea mays, biofertilizer

PIII-36 : Biological Wasterwater Treatment

Using A Gram Positive Bacterium Isolated

From Wastewater

Benmalek Y.1*

1. Laboratoire de Microbiologie, Département de

BCM, Faculté des Sciences Biologiques,

Université des Sciences et de la Technologie

Houari Boumediene, Bab Ezzouar, Alger,

Algérie


Abstract





The pollution of water with toxic heavy metals is

spreading, throughout the world, due to the

discharge of large amounts of metal-contaminated

wastewater, because of their high solubility in the

aquatic environments. Heavy metals can be

absorbed by living organisms. Once they enter

the food chain, large concentrations of heavy

metals may accumulate, in the human body. If the

metals are ingested beyond the permitted

concentration, they can cause serious health

disorders (Babel and Kurniawan, 2004).

Therefore, it is necessary to treat metal

contaminated wastewater, prior to its discharge to

the environment. Heavy metal removal from

inorganic effluent can be achieved, by

conventional treatment processes such as

chemical precipitation, ion exchange and

electrochemical removal.

These processes have significant disadvantages

which are, for instance, incomplete removal,

high-energy requirements and production of toxic

sludge. Microorganisms and microbial products

can be highly efficient bioaccumulator of soluble

and particulate forms of metals, especially, dilute

external solutions. Microbe related technologies

may provide an alternative or addition to

conventional method of metal removal or metal

recovery.

The present study aimed to evaluate the

bioaccumulation rate of chromium, nickel and

cobalt by a Gram positive bacterial strain isolated

from wastewater.

Results obtained indicated that the strain 2YB-25

OH was able to accumulate more than 90% of

chrome, 80% of cobalt and 70% of nickel, during

the active growth cycle. Study of pH effect, on

heavy metal removal, shows that the metal ions

accumulation increased with increasing pH, for

both chrome and cobalt, but decrease for the

nickel.

Due to its high metal accumulation capacity, in

aerobic conditions, the Gram positive bacteria

may be potentially applicable in situ

bioremediation of heavy metals contaminating

aqueous systems.

Keywords : Gram positive bacteria, heavy

metals, bioaccumulation

PIII-37 : Caractérisation Physicochimique du

Lixiviat de la Décharge de Meknès

Mejraoua Z.1, Zine N.E.1

1. Laboratoire Biodiversité et Ecologie des Zones

Humides, Faculté des Sciences, Meknès, Maroc

Abstract

The urban wastes, generated in Meknes, are

composed of more than 60% of household waste.

They were evacuated to the garbage dump of

Meknes. This discharge is devoid of a collecting

device and treatment of brownish liquid effluents

known as leachate. This study aims to make a

physicochemical characterization of the leachate.

To do this, we performed a series of sampling,

June 2014 to February 2015. During this period,

the physicochemical analyzes of these samples

revealed low levels of nitrate (NO3, max=19,30

mg.L-1), phosphate (PO43, max=0.38 mg.L-1) and

high concentrations of ammonium (NH4+,

max=1594.66 mg.L-1). This mineral pollution has

resulted in a high electrical conductivity, reached

a maximum value of 15 970 S.cm-1. Organic

pollution is low. COD values recorded range

from 2.4 to 92 000 mg.O2.L-1 with a mean of

30511.38 mg.O-1.L-1. Those of BOD5 are between

0 and 0.53 mg.O2.L-1 to an average of 0.16

mg.O2.L-1. The values of the ratio of BOD5/COD

range between 0 and 0.22, with an average of

0.02.

This shows that the leachate is considered low

biodegradable organic matter. They are in a

stabilized condition.

Keywords : caracterisation, leachate pollution,

physicochemical parameters, garbage dump,

Meknes

PIII-38 : The Effect of Sodium Hypochlorite

on Detachment of Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Biofilms Formed on Stainless Steel

Amzil K.1,2, Hamadi F.1*, Latrache H.2,

Mimouni R.1, Azelmad K.1




1. Laboratory of Applied Microbiology in

Environment and Food Industry, University Ibn

Zohr, Faculty of Sciences, Agadir, Morocco

2. Laboratory of Bio Interfaces and Bio Process,

University Sultan Moulay Slimane, Faculty of

Sciences and Techniques, Béni-Mellal, Morocco


Abstract

Microorganisms have the ability to adhere to the

surfaces and form what we called biofilm. As a

result of this, these surfaces became a source of

contamination that may lead to a serious health

problem. Previous studies proved that biofilms

cells can be physically and morphologically

different from their planktonic cells, especially, in

the response to biocides and sanitizers.

The aim of our study was to evaluate the

effectiveness of different concentrations of

sodium hypochlorite, with a time contact of 5

minutes on the detachment and viability of

Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm formed on

stainless steel 316 and 304 surfaces.

The physicochemical properties of bacterial

surface and stainless steel surface were

determined using contact angle measurements

and the numbers of adhered and detached cells

were evaluated, using plat count methods.

The results show that the sodium hypochlorite

was effective against biofilms formed, on the

stainless steel 304, while the same component

was not effective against biofilm formed, on the

stainless steel 316, at the concentration of 0,5%,

whereas it was effective at the other

concentrations (1%, 1,5%, 2%).

Keywords : sodium hypochlorite, biofilms,

stainless steel, Pseudomonas aeruginosa,

detachment, disinfection

PIII-39 : Antibiotics Susceptibility Patterns of

Legionella pneumophila Strains Isolated from

Water Systems in Morocco

Assaidi A.1,2, Mliji E.2, Barguigua A.3,

Timinouni M.3, Zahir H.1, Nayme K.3,

Elmdaghri N.2, Ellouali M.1, Latrache H.1

1. Laboratory of Bio Process and Bio Interfaces,


Mellal, Morocco

2. Laboratory Microbiology of Water and

Environmental Hygiene, Pasteur Institute of

Morocco, Casablanca, Morocco

3. Laboratory of Molecular Bacteriology, Pasteur


Abstract

In Morocco, antibiotic susceptibility testing of

environmental Legionella sp. isolates has never

been studied. Therefore, the aim of this study is to

describe the susceptibility level of environmental

Legionella pneumophila (Lpn) strains, to

determine the therapeutic agents preferred and

recommended to treat legionella disease.

The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs)

of twenty-four environmental Lpn strains were

tested, using broth dilution. Susceptibility test

was performed for Macrolide and

Fluoroquinolone family antibiotic including

Azithromycin, Erythromycin, Levofloxacin

Ciprofloxacin and Rifampicin. The used media,

for the susceptibility test, was Buffered Yeast

Extract broth for Lpn. Because no susceptibility-

testing breakpoints are available for L.

pneumophila, we used breakpoints previously

described in the literature.

All tested Lpn strains were inhibited by low

concentrations of fluoroquinolones and

macrolides family antibiotics. Rifampicin was the

most active antibiotic against the isolates in vitro.

All Lpn isolates were inhibited by antibiotics, in

the following order, Rifampicin>Levofloxacin>

Ciprofloxacin>Azithromycin> Erythromycin.

The MICs of all antibiotics were significantly

lower for Lpn serogroup 2-15 than Lpn serogroup

1 isolates.

Susceptibility testing of Lpn strains to appropriate

antibiotics should be performed often to evaluate

the possible emergence of resistance. This

resistance mechanism is unknown and needs

further study.

Keywords : Legionella pneumophila, MIC,

antibiotics




PIII-40 : Valorisation du Silicium Organique

Issu des Plantes ou des Déchets Organique

Ghomari O.1, Merzouki M.1, Benlemlih M.1

1. Faculté des Science Dhar Mahraz, Fes,

Maroc

Abstract

Le silicium, élément très répandu dans la nature,

est généralement connu sous ses formes

inorganiques naturelles telles que la silice et les

silicates. Ces composés silicés sont très peu ou

pas solubles, en milieu aqueux, ce qui explique

leur faible incidence au niveau des organismes

vivants. Au contraire, le silicium organique

présente une forme assimilable par l’organisme et

possède plusieurs activités biologiques.

Ainsi, le but de ce travail de recherche est

d’étudier l'extraction de composés organiques de

silicium, à forte activités biologiques, à partir des

plantes et des biotopes marocains (roches) et la

synthèse chimique concomitante de ce composé.

Une étude comparative de l’effet anti-

inflammatoire et antioxydant du silicium naturel

et synthétisé sera, par la suite, menée, avant de

démontrer son rôle dans la biosynthèse de

nombreuses molécules biologiques comme le

collagène et la kératine.

Mots Clés : silicium, anti-inflammatoire,

antioxydant, collagène, kératine

PIII-41 : Les Actinobactéries Halophiles et

Halotolérantes de Deux Écosystèmes Salins

Marocains : Isolement, Biodiversité et

Screening des Activités Antimicrobiennes à

Usage Biomédicale

Sossi O., Elamrani Zerifi S., Samri S.E., Nafis

A., Barakate M.

Laboratoire de Biologie et de Biotechnologie des



Abstract

L’introduction généralisée des antibiotiques a

permis de diminuer l’expansion des maladies

infectieuses. Cependant, leur utilisation massive

et répétée a, non seulement, engendré l’apparition

de microorganismes résistants, mais, aussi,

l’augmentation de bactéries pathogènes multi-

résistantes, d’où la nécessité de chercher de

nouvelles molécules à activité antibiotique. Les

Actinobacteria sont considérées, parmi les

microorganismes les plus importants, en

biotechnologie. Elles sont responsables de la

production d’environ la moitié des métabolites

secondaires bioactifs découverts, notamment, des

antibiotiques.

L’objectif de ce travail est l’isolement des

Actinobacteria à partir d’environnements

extrêmes salins marocains, l’étude de leur

biodiversité et de leur capacité à produire des

molécules à activité antimicrobienne. Les

différents échantillons collectés (sol, sédiment et

eau) ont été prélevés à partir de deux écosystèmes

marocains salés (lac Zima et région de Demnate).

L’utilisation de six milieux de culture différents a

permis l’isolement de 182 isolats

d’Actinobactéries halophiles/halotolérants.

L’étude de la diversité des isolats, selon

l’International Streptomyces Project (ISP), a

permis de mettre en évidence une grande diversité

bactérienne, avec la dominance de la série

blanche (37%) et de la série crémeuse (29%),

respectivement, pour les échantillons du lac Zima

et de Demnate. Il est à noter, par ailleurs, qu’en se

basant sur la tolérance au Na Cl, 10,16% et

89,84% des isolats purifiés était halophiles et

halotolérants extrêmes, respectivement. L’étude

de l’activité antimicrobienne vis-à-vis de 6

bactéries et 4 Candida, par la technique des

cylindres d'agar, a montré que 52% des isolats ont

une activité vis-à-vis au moins de l’un des

microorganismes tests. Par ailleurs, l’analyse des

données a révélé que l’activité antibactérienne

dépend aussi bien de l’origine des isolats

(écosystème exploité) que de la nature du milieu

utilisé pour leurs isolements. Deux isolats ayant

montré un large spectre d’action ont fait l’objet

d’une caractérisation biologique et chimique de

leurs activités. Nous constatons ainsi que l’isolat

ZE2316R2 produit mieux les substances

bioactives, en milieu liquide qu’en milieu solide,

par rapport à l’isolat DS1316M8. De même le

choix du système de solvant d’extraction des

molécules bioactives a révélé que l’hexane et

l’acétate d’éthyle étaient les solvants adéquats,

respectivement, pour les isolats DS1316M8 et

ZE2316R2. La révélation chimique et biologique

de l’isolat ZE2316R2 a permis l’identification




d’une fraction bioactive contre les bactéries à

Gram positif.

En conclusion, les écosystèmes salins marocains

pourraient être une source potentielle des

Actinobactéries productrices de substances

bioactives d’intérêt biomédicale.

Mots Clés : actinobactéries, écosystèmes salins,

isolement, biodiversité, criblage, activités

antibiotiques, souches multi-résistantes

PIII-42 : Study of Technological Properties of

Lactobacillus spp. of Marine Origin

Maizi Y.1, Benmaghnia S. 1, Sahnouni F.2*

1. SNV Faculty, University of Mascara, Mascara,

Algeria

2. Laboratory Environmental Monitoring

Network, University of Ahmed Ben Bella, Oran,

Algeria


[email protected]

Abstract

During the last two decades, many interests have

been focused on the physiology and genetics of

indigenous origin lactic acid bacteria meat and

probably of marine origin, especially for their

good adaptability. The selection of lactic ferments

is based on many criteria to meet both the

specifications requested by the user and the

constraints imposed by the manufacturer. These

criteria may fall within the technological

capabilities of the strains, their performance and

safety.

The main objective of the present work is to

identify native Lactobacillus isolated from the gut

of a marine fish (Sardina pilchardus, Boops

boops and Atlantic horse mackerel (Trachurus

trachurus) caught in the western Algerian coast

and technologically characterized by determining

their acidifying power, proteolytic, lipolytic and

antibacterial activity.

Twenty lactic isolates were isolated and identified

by physiological and biochemical tests belonging

to Lb. plantarum, Lb. sakei, Lb. oris, Lb.

fermentum, Lb. coryneformis.

The results of applied technology tests are

promising, especially those for antibacterial

activity vs 10 pathogenic S. aureus ATCC 25923,

E. faecalis LRSE 26, E. coli ATCC25922,

E.faecalis LRSE 28, Bacillus cereus, Proteus sp.,

Shigella sp., Salmonella infantis, Pseudomonas

aeruginosa and S. lentus.

The results of the study of the technological

properties of Lactobacillus clear that some of

these strains can be used in industry saw their

enzymatic equipment.

Keywords : Lactobacillus, Sardina pilchardus,

Boops boops, Trachurus trachurus, technolog

PIII-43 : Treatment of Cyanotoxin

Contaminated Waters with Macrophytes Best

of Advanced Phytoremediation Process

Saqrane S.1*, El Khalloufi F.1, Oudra B.2

1. Laboratory Sciences of the Environnement and

Development, Polydisciplinary Faculty of

Khouribga, Hassan 1st University, Khouribga,

Morocco


Micro-organisms, Microbiology and

Ecotoxicolgy Environmental Unit, University

Cadi Ayyad, Faculty of Sciences Semlalia,

Marrakech, Morocco


Abstract

Eutrophication of freshwater bodies may lead to

excessive growth of cyanobacterial blooms that

are common in many lakes and rivers, all over the

world. Many of the cyanobacteria forming

blooms are known to produce different types of

toxins, including neurotoxins and heapatoxins

which can cause a variety of human and animal

health, ecological and aesthetic concerns.

Actually, numerous research works evoke the

problem of cyanobacteria toxicity but are rare

those who propose solutions to limit and

moderate this toxicity. Eutrophic water systems

are not easy to remediate, since the process has to

be done upstream by reducing loads of Nitrogen

and Phosphorus. Nevertheless, aquatic

macrophytes are quite resistant to cyanotoxins

and may be used to remediate local areas

contaminated with cyanotoxins.






The original aim of this study was to investigate,

in laboratory, the possibility of using free-floating

aquatic vascular plant Lemna gibba (Duckweed,

Lemnaceae), in the removal and degradation of

cyanotoxins (microcystins, MCs).

Experiments were carried out with a range of

microcystins (MC) levels, obtained from toxic

Microcystis culture extracts (75- 300 μg

equivalent MC-LR L-1). During exposure of the

plant to MCs, we examined the physiological

behavior related to toxin accumulation, possible

biodegradation, detoxification and stress

oxidative processes of Lemna gibba. For the last

reason, changes in peroxidase activity and phenol

compound content were determined. Following

MCs exposure, it was demonstrated that Lemna

gibba could take up and bio-transform MCs.

The result of this work show that this plant is able

to bio-accumulate and partially bio-transform

MCs. The system of macrophyte could be

recommended as an excellent environmental

solution for phytoremediation of cyanotoxin

contaminated waters.

Keywords : cyanotoxins, contamination, Lemna

gibba, biodegradation, phytoremediation

PIII-44 : Denitrification of Drinking Water by

Electrodialysis in Continuous Flow Systems

Cheikh A., Moussa Lahmer F., Abdi N., Grib

H., Lounici H., Mameri N.

Laboratoire des Biotechnologies

Environnementales et Génie des Procédés, Ecole

Nationale Polytechnique d’Alger, Alger, Algeria


Abstract

Devant la forte demande en eau potable, il est

nécessaire de rechercher des techniques peu

coûteuses et peu polluantes qui permettraient

d’éliminer les nitrates dans l’eau potable.

Différentes procédés de dénitrification sont mis

au point : échange d’ions, osmose inverse,

électrodialyse et le procédé biologique. Du fait de

la simplicité de l’installation de l’électrodialyse,

l’application de ce procédé pour la dénitrification

est envisagée dans cette étude.

Le but de ce travail consiste à étudier la

dénitrification d’une eau potable, par

électrodialyse, en régime continu, où certains

paramètres ont été déterminés, à savoir le débit

d’alimentation et l’influence des ions chlorures et

sulfates sur l’élimination des nitrates.

Les résultats obtenus montrent que travailler avec

un débit maximal de 4,6 L.H-1 permet d’éliminer

efficacement 200 mg.L-1 de nitrates. De plus, la

présence des chlorures freine la migration des

nitrates vers le compartiment concentrât, et, cette

influence augmente avec l’augmentation de la

concentration en ions chlorures. En ce qui

concerne les sulfates, leur présence aux

concentrations étudiées influence sur l’électro-

migration des nitrates, mais, à un degré moins

que le cas des chlorures. Cependant, ils ont

tendance à concurrencer les nitrates, lors de leur

adsorption sur les membranes.

L’électrodialyse permet d’éliminer non seulement

les ions nitrates, mais, l’ensemble des espèces

ioniques présentes dans la solution (chlorures,

sulfates, dureté, …) à un bon taux d’élimination.

Donc le traitement des eaux à forte minéralisation

par cette technique est intéressant, du point de

vue efficacité et économique.

Mots Clés : dénitrification, nitrates,

électrodialyse, système continu

P-III45 : Isolement, Production, et Purification

de la Lipase Bactérienne Utilisée comme Bio

Dépolluant des Eaux Usées

Belgherras M.E.1, Hachemi L.2

1. Laboratoire de la Mécanique et Physique des

Matériaux, Sidi-Bel Abbes, Algérie

2. Laboratoire de Bioconvertion, Génie

Microbiologique et Sécurité Sanitaire, Université

de Mascara, Mascara, Algérie

Abstract

Différents échantillons ont été recueillis des eaux

pollués par les matières graisses, dans la région

de Mascara, pour l’isolement des souches

bactériennes capables de dégrader les matières

graisses, afin de les utiliser comme des bio-

dépolluants naturels.




L’objectif de ce travail est la recherche des

nouvelles lipases bactériennes, en vue

d’application biotechniques. Pour cela, nous

avons choisi d’isoler, à partir des eaux polluées

en déchets graisses issues des abattoirs des

bactéries lipolytiques, de caractériser leurs

propriétés microbiologiques utilisées dans la

production de la lipase extracellulaire, par la

méthode de fermentation.

Un total de deux souches a été isolée à +37°C, à

partir de l’échantillon des eaux des abattoirs

riches en matières graisses. La production de la

lipase bactérienne extracellulaire a été étudiée, en

fonction de plusieurs inducteurs de natures

lipidiques, par la méthode de fermentation.

L’activité enzymatique atteignait une valeur

maximale, en présence de l’huile d’olive, comme

inducteur, et, le glucose, comme source de

carbone et énergie à pH=7,2, à +30°C et avec une

agitation de 125 tours par minute, Pseudemonas

sp. (40 µmol.mL-1.72H) Streptococcus sp.

(47µmol.mL-1.72H). L’enzyme a été purifiée, par

précipitation au sulfate d’ammonium, avec un

rendement de 63,73% et de 50%, chez

Streptococcus sp. et Pseudemonas sp.,

respectivement.

La lipase produite par ces deux bactéries est

résistante à +65°C et est fortement inhibée en

présence de 1 mmol de Zn+2 et Mg+

2.

Keywords : lipase bactérienne, purification, eaux

des abattoirs, bio-dépolluant

P-III-45 : Biological Breakdown During

Composting : Case of Sludge from Lagooning

Wastewater Purification Station

El Mezouari El Glaoui G.1,2*, El Hayany B.1, El

Fels L.1,3, El Faiz A.1, Ouazzani N.4, Rihani

M.2, Hafidi M.1


Associated with the CNRST, URAC32), Faculty

of Science Semlalia, University Cadi Ayyad

Marrakech, Morocco

2. Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology and

Environment, Faculty of Science, University

Chouaib Doukkali, El Jadida, Morocco

3. Higher Institute of Nursing Professions and

Health Technics, Marrakech-Safi, Morocco


and Sanitation, Faculty of Science Semlalia,


Abstract

This study concerns the processing of lagooning

sludge, from a wastewater treatment plant

(Chichaoua), mixed with green waste, by means

of composting. The experiment was conducted as

following : mixture 1 (1/2 sludge + 1/2 green

waste) ; mixture 2 (2/3 sludge + 1/3 green waste),

mixture 3 (1/3 sludge + 2/3 green waste). The

three mixtures were composted for four months.

The intense microbial activity, during

composting, resulted in a high temperature

(between +40 and +50°C), during the first weeks

(thermophilic phase) and a level of degradation

reaching about 33.6%, 39%, 36%, respectively,

for mixture 1, 2 and 3. After the four months of

composting, the final composts presented a C/N

ratio close to 10, an NH4+/NO3 - ratio <1 and a

pH around neutrality, for the three mixtures. The

analyzes of element trace metals (ETM) range

from 26.3 mg.kg-1 ; 27.8 mg.kg-1 ; 16.3 mg.kg-1 to

21 mg.kg-1 ; 13.8 mg.kg-1 ;12.5 mg.kg-1 for zinc

and from 70.04 mg.kg-1 ; 100 mg.kg-1 ; 65.4

mg.kg-1 to 64.9 mg.kg-1 ; 42.2 mg.kg-1 ; 50 mg.kg-

1 for lead and from 42 mg.kg-1 ; 31.4 mg.kg-1 ; 10

mg.kg-1 to 67.9 mg.kg-1 ; 41.1 mg.kg-1 ; 62.2

mg.kg-1 for copper, respectively, for mixture 1, 2

and 3, after four months of composting.

These results confirmed the maturity of the final

composted product and the low levels of ETM

encourage the use of final composting products as

fertilzer without any risk.

PIII-46 : Utilisation de la Technique SPME

dans l’Analyse des Pesticides Organochlorés

dans les Eaux de Surface et de Forage et

Comparaison avec la Méthode de Référence

LLE

Lakhili A.2, Fekhaoui M.2, El Abidi A.1,

Bellaouchou A.3

1. National d’Hygiene, Rabat, Maroc

2. Institut Scientifique, Rabat, Maroc

3. Faculté des Sciences, Rabat, Maroc

Abstract

Le Maroc a connu des périodes de retard de pluie,

voire des périodes de sécheresse, dans certaines




régions. Confronté aux conséquences du

réchauffement climatique, comme l’augmentation

de la température moyenne en toutes saisons et le

manque d’eau pour la population et l'agriculture,

il est nécessaire de trouver des solutions, quant à

l’approvisionnement et l’utilisation des eaux de

surface, les eaux de barrage et dans certains cas,

l’eau de mer. En réponse à ces conséquences, une

surveillance continue et rigoureuse de la qualité

des eaux est impérative.

Notre travail consiste à mettre en place une

technique de substitution plus économique et

moins polluante, la SPME ( Micro-extraction sur

phase solide), puis, de la comparer aux techniques

usuelles utilisées en routine LLE ( Extraction

liquide-liquide), dans le contrôle de la qualité de

l’eau potable ou de l’eau utilisé dans

l’agriculture.

Notre travail s’est fixé comme objectif de

produire des résultats fiables et sûrs, en

déterminant un certain nombre de paramètres

dont la linéarité, la limite de quantification et de

détection, le rendement, la stabilité et la

détermination des différents paramètres

d’optimisation, afin de rendre cette technique la

plus performante que possible, et, enfin réaliser

une comparaison entre la technique usuelle

d’extraction liquide-liquide utilisée dans les

analyses de routine, pour la détection de ces OC,

au sien du laboratoire et le rendement de cette

nouvelle technique, dans le but de prouver

expérimentalement l’intérêt pour le laboratoire

d’adopter cette technique, dans la panoplie de ces

technique d’analyses.

En définitive, la SPME s’est révélée être une

alternative de choix, dans la détection et la

quantification des organochlorés étudiés et a

répondu à toutes les attentes, en matière de

stabilité, répétabilité, reproductibilité et

économie, avec un rendement, après optimisation

supérieure à celui des techniques déjà utilisées

dans ce domaine.

Keywords : SPME, LLE, extraction,

quantification, pesticides organochlorés, eau de

surface, eau de forage

PIII-47 : Validation of Miniscale Algal

Toxicity Bio Assay For Toxicity Screening

Berrebaan I.1, Montassir I.1, Bessi H.1, El

Alami M.2, Saadallah M.2

1. Laboratory of Virology Microbiology and


of Sciences and Techniques, Hassan II University,

Mohammedia, Morocco

2. National Office of Electricity and Potable

Water, Rabat, Morocco

Abstract

Since the industrial revolution, in 19th century,

water quality deterioration is fast becoming a

major threat around the world and more

dramatically with anthropogenic industrialization,

hence the birth of analytical monitoring methods.

Historically, the physicochemical methods, using

abiotic parameters have been proven as valuable

tool for screening, such as technique have some

lacks informations about the biological effects of

all compounds present and other factors, such as

bioavailability, toxicants interaction. For this

reasons many international standards and group

researchers denoted biological assessments, using

standard ecotoxicological bioassays, from

different trophic levels as complementary and

supplementary approach to evaluate the whole

toxicity of complex mixture. Algal growth

inhibition test is one of the most wedpreased

assay used, in toxicological studies for many

attributes : (i) ease of culture, (ii) ecological

relevance, (iii) and its board sensitivity of

contaminants, Nevertheless, the batch-type algal

toxicity tests usually adopted by many

international standard organizations are time-

consuming and require a large areas of

benchspace and volume sampling. However, the

classical algal growth inhibition test require

professional equipment and expertise.

The aim of this study was to validate a

miniaturized algal growth inhibition version

bioassay using ELISA microplate as a fast, low

cost and automation toxicity test for potential

pollutants. For this turn, a comparative study

were carried with the standard flask assay, as well

as to compare the sensitivity of tested algae to

selected compounds.

The result shown the good concordance and

correlation with tow procedures. That making our

technique an appropriate chose for high sample

throughput toxicity screening.




Keyworlds : microalgae, standard bioassay,

microplate assay, toxicity, screening

PIII-48 : Évaluation de l’Écotoxicité d’un

Pesticide Organophosphoré sur Deux Espèces

de l’Écosystème Aquatique (Daphnia magna et

Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata)

Montassir L.*, Berrebaan I., Bessi H.

Laboratoire de Virologie, Microbiologie et

Qualité, Ecotoxicologie et Biodiversité, Faculty


Maroc


Abstract

L’utilisation intensive des pesticides, en vue

d’améliorer les rendements et la diversité des

cultures, constituent une menace importante, pour

les milieux aquatiques, en perturbant les

organismes qui y vivent et compromet ainsi le

bon fonctionnement de l’écosystème. Au Maroc,

le recours à l’utilisation des pesticides est de plus

en plus important, et, parmi ces pesticides, les

organophosphorés sont très employés, dans

l’agriculture marocaine d’où la nécessité

d’évaluer leur écotoxicité qui repose, en partie,

sur la mesure des effets toxiques à court et à long

terme qu’ils provoquent sur les organismes du

milieu aquatique, en utilisant des bioessais

écotoxicologiques largement adoptés par la

communauté scientifique.

Pour cela, nous avons choisi deux espèces

représentatives du milieu aquatique un

microcrustacé Daphnia magna et une

microalgue Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata

communément utilisées dans les bioessais

d’écotoxicité aquatique, comme modèles

biologiques et approuvés par des organisations

internationales (ISO, Environnement Canada,

OCDE, EPA, US), afin d’évaluer la toxicité d’un

pesticide organophosphoré souvent employé,

dans l’agriculture marocaine, pour le traitement

des parties aériennes.

A la fin de l’essai, nous avons remarqué une

toxicité moindre de l’organophosphoré vis-à-vis

de l’algue Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata

contrairement à Daphnia magna qui était plus

sensible à l’organophosphoré

Mots Clés : bioessai, pesticide organophosphoré,

Daphnia magna, Pseudokirchneriella

subcapitata, écotoxicité

PIII-49 : Impact of Organic and Inorganic

Amendments On Biological and

Ecotoxicological Properties of Tailing from

Kettara Mine

Benidire L.1*, Laaouidi Y. 1, Boularbah A.1

1. Université Cadi Ayyad, Laboratoire Aliments,

Environnement et Santé,Marrakech, Maroc


Abstract

One of the major environmental concerns in

abandoned mining sites (e.g., Kettra mine,

Morocco) is related to the large volume of

dispersed tailings and the hazard of metal

pollution of surrounding areas caused by these

wastes. The Kettara is an abandoned mine located

near Marrakech with more than 3 million tons of

mine wastes deposited in tailings impoundments

covering approximately 16 Ha without any

treatment. In this mine, the waste material is rich

in sulfide minerals, mainly pyrrhotite. The

physicochemical conditions of soils in Kettara

mine caused by high concentrations of metals,

acidic pH, low organic matter and low nutrient

contents influence negatively the soil microbial

communities and consequently restricting plant

growth. Those conditions constitute real

constraints for the phytoremediation processes

that could be used in the Kettara mine. Therefore,

an appropriate management of these soils

allowing the improvement of physicochemical

and biological soil properties is necessary, for

minimizing the associated environmental risks

and to help plant establishment.

The aim of this study was to evaluate, in vitro, the

effects of different combinations of organic and

inorganic amendments on some soil

physicochemical, microbiological and

ecotoxicological properties of Kettara mine

tailing. To improve soil properties and fertility,

tailings samples from the studied mine were

mixed with agricultural soil, green waste

compost, lime and rock phosphate (RP) at

different rate.





A test pattern of eight treatments with three

replicates was studied. Unamended tailing was

used as control. After 8 months of incubation,

under controlled laboratory conditions, the

amended tailings were characterized for their

biological and physicochemical properties.

The results showed that the control soil present

poor biological properties caused by high

availability of trace elements (TEs), acidic pH

and high salinity. The lime and RP treatments

were the most efficient for increasing soil pH and

decreasing soluble TEs concentrations. By

enhancement of the mineral nutrients, organic

amendment was able to improve soil health and

fertility leading to the stimulation of microbial

community function and structure. Therefore, the

use of compost, in combination with lime or RP,

seems to be a suitable management strategy, for

the remediation of highly acidic metals

contaminated soils, because they significantly

improve the soil physicochemical properties and

decrease soil ecotoxicity leading to improvement

of the microbial growth compared with other

treatments.

The organic and inorganic amendment of the

mining waste could be used as tool to improve

soil fertility, thereby creating favorable

conditions for revegetation of degraded areas by

mining activities.

Key Words : Kettara mine, heavy metals, waste

amendments, soil remediation

PIII-50 : Bio Evaluation de la Qualite

Bacteriologique des Eaux d’un Ecosysteme

Lacustre : Le Cas du Lac du Barrage

Boukourdane (Algérie)

Arab S., Arab A.*

USTHB/FSB/Ladybio, Alger, Algérie


Abstract

La qualité bactériologique du lac du barrage

Boukourdane, Tipaza (ALGERIE) indique que, la

ville de Menaceur est confrontée à de véritables

difficultés d'assainissement de ses eaux usées

brutes, et cela pourraient être liées notamment à

l'évacuation, sans aucun traitement préalable, des

eaux dans l’oued Boukadir et c’est le cas aussi de

l’oued Fedjana. Les résultats obtenus, concernant

l’évolution mensuelle de la pollution

bactériologique de ce lac durant la période janvier

2013 à janvier 2015, ont révélé que les eaux usées

rejetées dans les oueds, nuisent fortement à la

qualité de ce dernier et que la charge bactérienne

est élevée dans les deux stations de prélèvement

reliant les oueds au lac. Les résultats sont

exprimés par une forte charge en bactéries

indicatrices de contamination fécale qui varie

entre 4 UFC/100ml et indénombrable pour les

coliformes totaux, 3 UFC/100ml et

indénombrable pour les coliformes fécaux, 1 et

772 UFC/100ml Entérocoques du groupe D. Nous

notons aussi la présence des Clostridium sulfito-

réducteurs qui varie entre 1 et 24 UFC/20ml et

l’absence totale des salmonelles et

Staphylococcus aureus. Ces résultats dépassent

largement les normes algériennes des eaux

destinées à l’irrigation. Ils pourraient être à

l’origine d’éventuelles contaminations des

cultures irriguées et par conséquent avoir des

répercussions sur la santé humaine.

Mots clés : Bioindication, germes fécaux,

salmonelle (Staphylococcus aureus), lac du

barrage, Algérie.

PIII-51 : Olive Oil Mill Effluents Degradation

Kinetics in a Batch Bioreactor

Boutafda A.1,2*, El Fels L.1,3, Ouhdouch Y.2,

Hafidi M.1

1 Laboratory of Ecology andEnvironment (L2E)

(Unit Associated with the CNRST, URAC32),

Faculty of Science Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad

University, BP: 2390, Marrakech, Morocco

2Laboratory of Biology and Biotechnology of

Microorganisms, Faculty of Science Semlalia,

Cadi Ayyad University, BP: 2390, Marrakech,

Morocco



*Corresponding Author. E-mail:

[email protected]

Abstract

The oil mills effluent is a serious environmental

problem. This problem is attributed to the organic

matter composition of effluents and especially the

high amount of polyphenols that are responsible

for phytotoxic and antimicrobial effects. The

main objective of this work was to evaluate the




ability of several microorganisms strains to

reduce the toxicity of these effluents and its

possible reuse.

The screening of microorganism isolates able to

growth on solid culture media containing the

effluent at various dilutions was done. The results

showed that the selected bacterium belongs to the

Bacillus genus and the selected yeast belongs to

the genus of Rhodotorula. The confrontation and

growth tests on a sterile liquid medium based

effluent allowed to optimize the biological

treatment, which could reduce the pollution load

of the effluent.

The tests of biological treatment of olive oil mill

effluent, on which no prior treatment were made,

without added nutrients or pH change, were

conducted in a batch bioreactor system inoculated

with a suspension of select strains. The obtained

results showed that the removal of the chemical

oxygen demand (COD) and total polyphenols

during one month of treatment exceeds 80% and

70% respectively.

Keywords: Olive oil mill effluent, Biological

treatment, Bacillus, Rhodotorula, Polyphenols,

Chemical oxygen demand.

PIII-52 : Contribution à la Caractérisation

Bactériologique et Enzymatique d'un Site

Extrême : Le Sol des Bassins d’Evaporation de

l’Eau Saline dans la Région de Taza Maroc

El Karkouri A.1, Ait Assou S.2, El Hassouni

M.2

1 : Laboratoire des Ressources Naturelles et

Environnement (RNE), Equipe de Biotechnologie

et Environnement, Faculté Polydisciplinaire Taza,

Université Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdellah, Fès-

Maroc.

2 : Laboratoire de Biotechnologie (LB), Equipe

de Biotechnologie des microorganismes, Faculté

des Sciences Dhar El Mahraz, Université Sidi

Mohammed Ben Abdellah, Fès-Maroc.


Abstract:

Les microorganismes « extrêmophiles » sont des

êtres vivants qui vivent dans des conditions

extrêmes ; hautes et basses températures, valeurs

extrêmes de pH, hautes concentrations de sel,

hautes pressions et radiations ; dans lesquelles

d'autres formes de vie ne peuvent pas résister. Les

bactéries halophiles sont un groupe de

microorganismes qui vivent dans les

environnements hypersalins et exigent dans

beaucoup de cas la salinité pour survivre. Ces

dernières années un intérêt croissant est porté aux

microorganismes halophiles, en général sont

d’abondantes sources d’enzymes (Cellulase,

Pectinase, Amylase, Lipase, …etc.), qui seront

sans nul doute d’un grand intérêt pour intervenir

dans un futur proche dans les procédés industriels

(Environnementale, Alimentaire, Médicale…etc).

C’est dans le cadre d’une éventuelle valorisation

des ressources microbiennes par utilisation de

leurs enzymes que nous avons réalisé ce travail

qui s'intéresse à un milieu extrême "le sol des

bassins d’évaporation de l’eau salée dans la

région de Taza-Maroc".

Au début, nous avons effectué un isolement des

bactéries sur milieu LB agar à différentes

concentration de NaCl (1% jusqu’à 30%). Les

isolats purifiés, ont été caractérisés

macroscopiquement (pigmentation, aspect,…etc.)

et microscopiquement (forme, coloration de

Gram, …etc.). Dans un deuxième temps, nous

avons effectué une caractérisation physico-

chimique des isolats, (i) la tolérance au NaCl (1%

jusqu’à 30%), (ii) la thérmotolérance (37°C

jusqu’à 52%) et (iii) l’effet du pH (4 jusqu’à 11).

En fin, nous avons pu dévoiler certaines

potentialités enzymatiques (Cellulase, Pectinase,

Amylase et Lipase) que culminent les isolats

microbiens purifiés.

Mots clés: milieu extrême, sol salin, bassins

évaporation, bactéries halophiles, activités

enzymatiques.

PIII-53 : Detection of Norovirus, Hepatits A

virus and Other Human Enteric Viruses in

Molluscan Shellfish by Taqman Real Time

Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain

Reaction Assay

Tarek F., My Mustapha Ennaji

University Hassan II of Casablanaca, Faculty of

Sciences and Technology Mohammedia.

Laboratory of Virology, Microbiology, Quality

and Biotechnology/ Ecotoxicology and

Biodiversity (LVMQB/ETB).

Abstract:

Enteric viruses are considered as a major cause of

non bacterial human gastroenteritis diseases in

the world, they can be transmitted directly from

person to person or indirectly (fecal-oral route)





via virus contaminated water, air, sol, surfaces, or

foods. Therefore consumption of raw or under

cocked contaminated molluscan shellfish is the

most frequent cause of foodborne gastroenteritis,

due to their filter feeding system. Indeed, these

animals concentrate viral particles in their

digestive gland; thus representing an important

host for enteric virus transmission to human.

Viruses that can be transmitted to human include

the human Noroviruses (NoV), Hepatitis A virus

(HAV), Hepatitis E virus (HEV), Rotavirus (RV),

Astroviruses, Sapoviruses, Adenoviruses,

Aichivruses, and other enteroviruses and

picornaviruses. (Greninger et al., 2010; Sair et al.,

2002; D’Souza et al., 2007). Among the most

significant foodborne enteric viruses are hepatitis

A virus and noroviruses, which contribute to the

vast majority of illnesses. The exceedingly small

size of most enteric viruses and the inability to

grow them in cell cultures make their detection

difficult. Therefore, molecular methods,

particularly reverse transcription-polymerase

chain reaction (RT-PCR), has become the most

common assay procedure.

The aim of this study is to detect and characterize

enteric viruses present in Moroccan cost via

analysis of molluscan bivalve, these latter are a

sedentary species so they would be a good

indicator of viral pollution. To achieve this,

sampling concerned four species (Oysters,

cockles, mussels, and clams) of Moroccan wild

and harvested shellfish was made from areas

classified from A to C. Before proceeding to the

PCR assay, the viruses were extracted from

shellfish tissues, clarified and concentrated.

Bivalve molluscan shellfish has been collected,

from several points and harvesting area from

north and south of Morocco, and transferred in

refrigerate box to the laboratory for analysis

(Laboratory of Virology, Microbiology, Quality

and Biotechnology/ Ecotoxicology and

biodiversity). After shelling the shellfish in

sterilized conditions, the digestive gland were

removed, pooled in order of 1.5 g for each sample

and homogenizate with glycine buffer for

concentration of viral particles by Adsorption-

Elution-precipitation method according to the

method previously described by Kittigul et al.

(2008). Viral nucleic acids were extracted from

shellfish concentrate using Trizol method

(Invitrogen) for extraction of RNA according

to the manufacturer's instructions, and with

phenol chloroform for extraction of DNA, and

then analyzed by TaqMan real time RT-PCR

and/or PCR using specific primers and probes.

PIII.54 : Screening d’Activités Hydrolytiques

Extracellulaires chez des Microorganismes

Halophiles Aérobies Isolés des Marais Salants

des Régions du Centre Ouest et Sud du Maroc

Bou M’Handi N., El Filali F., Boualouch B., El

Alaloui M.

PIII-55 : Valorisation des Déchets Hélicicoles

dans le Traitement Biologique des Effluents

des Laiteries

Ait Cheikh A.1, Boutaleb N.1*, Bahlaouan B.1,2,

Bennani M.3, Lazar S.1, El Antri S.1





des Techniques de Santé, Casablanca, Maroc


Le traitement biologique est un moyen

d’épuration écologique qui présente une tendance

de plus en plus accrue. Les réacteurs à lits

mobiles figurent parmi ses conceptions. Ils sont

connus efficaces à pouvoir ramener les rejets des

laiteries à la réglementation en vigueur, avant

qu’ils ne soient déversés dans les égouts ou dans

l’environnement.

Étant donné que ces bioréacteurs sont une

conception qui nécessite l’utilisation de supports

de colonisation, l’objectif de cette étude est de

substituer les supports synthétiques classiquement

utilisées (généralement en plastique) par d’autres

supports naturels.

Le matériau est un déchet hélicicole, choisi parce

qu’il présente naturellement une surface

spécifique considérable, pour favoriser la

formation du biofilm épurateur. Ce travail

consiste à étudier son utilisation, en tant qu’un

nouveau garnissage d’origine naturel dans le

réacteur MBBR.




L’évaluation des coquilles d’escargots comme

support d’adhésion de biomasse, dans un procédé

de traitement d’épuration biologique à lit mobile,

est menée en présence des champignons

Aspergillus niger et Penicillium chrysogenum,

leur capacité et leur résistance dans un

environnement de stress tel que la présence

d’acides ou de produits phénoliques étant

démontré dans de nombreuses études. Un suivi de

la qualité de la dépollution est réalisé, en

mesurant régulièrement la Demande Chimique en

Oxygène (DCO), l’azote totale (NKT), le

phosphore soluble (P) et la matière en suspension

(MES).

Les résultats obtenus sont prometteurs et

montrent que les coquilles d’escargot peuvent

constituer un support de colonisation des biofilms

par excellence.

Mot Clés : effluent laitier, biofilm, biomatériaux,

traitement biologique, déchet hélicicole

PIII-56 : Canalisation d’Eau Potable en PVC –

Nouvelle Formulation pour des Effets Anti

Adhésion

El Omari H.1, Boutaleb N.1*, Bahlaouan B.1,2,

Ait Cheikh A.1, LAKHAL D.1, El Antri S.1





des Techniques de Santé, Casablanca, Maroc


Abstract

Les biofilms sont des dépôts qui se forment

naturellement et spontanément dans les réseaux

de distribution d’eau potable. Parfois

spectaculaires, ils sont le plus souvent inoffensifs.

Ils demandent, cependant, d’être maîtrisés, car ils

peuvent abriter des germes pathogènes. À cause

de la présence de ces nuisances, la qualité

microbiologique de l’eau potable peut fortement

se dégrader, au cours de son transport dans les

réseaux de distribution, en raison, notamment,

d’un éventuel détachement de bactéries, depuis le

biofilm.

Notre étude a pour but de concevoir une formule

de canalisation d’eau potable, en remplaçant

(totalement ou partiellement) certains ingrédients

de la formule standard classique par d’autres

composantes naturelles connues pour leur effet

antibactérien. Leur intégration pourra donc

vraisemblablement abaisser la propriété de

collage dans le tube.

À l’aide d’une nouvelle formule intégrant un

composé naturel, nous avons réussi à élaborer,

par le procédé d’extrusion, un tube de

canalisation avec de bonnes propriétés

mécaniques. Un test d’adhésion a été réalisé, dans

les conditions statiques. Les observations,

réalisées au moyen de la microscopie

électronique à balayage, confirment l’effet d’anti-

adhésion.

Mots Clés : Matière plastique, biofilm, adhésion,

formulation, canalisation, eau potable

PIII-57 : La conservation biologique des

produits agroalimentaires

SOBH Mohammed

Laboratoire de Microbiologie, Pharmacologie,

Toxicologie et Environnement Faculté des

Sciences Aïn Chock. Université Hassan II

B.P: 5366, Maârif, 20100 Casablanca

Deus souches de bactéries lactiques (SMBL1 et

SMBL2 du genre lactobacillus) et une souche de

levure (SMLV1) sont utilisées dans la

fermentation et la bioconservation de certains

aliments. Ils ont assurées une fermentation

parfaite et ainsi une durée de vie, une salubrité et

une intégrité sans égales.

Des interactions positives entre les levures et les

bactéries lactiques ont montrés une

synchronisation du métabolisme fermentaire de

l’ensemble des souches composant le ferment

sélectionné.

En effet après 16 heures d’incubation avec le

ferment S6, on apu stabiliser le pH à 3,57 et

l’acidité à 1,22% et ce à partir du 30emejour de

fermentation contrôlée.

Le pH obtenu est conforme pour le

conditionnement des produits alimentaires.

Mots clés : consommateurs, aliments, légumes,

produits biologiques, fermentation lactique,

microorganismes, ferment, conservation.




PIII-58 : Fermentation contrôlée d’artichaut

par inoculation microbienne

SOBH Mohammed

Laboratoire de Microbiologie, Pharmacologie,

Toxicologie et Environnement Faculté des

Sciences Aïn Chock. Université Hassan II

B.P: 5366, Maârif, 20100 Casablanca

Il devient très reconnu que certain bactérie

lactique rentrent dans l’usage des produits

agroalimentaire pour allonger la durée de vie, et

améliorer la texture et le gout.

Notre travail a pour objectif de mettre en place un

procédé contrôlé et efficace accédant à la

fermentation et la conservation d’artichaut, pour

remplacer le procédé traditionnel reconnu par ses

produits de qualité perceptible

Des souches de bactéries lactiques et une levure

ayant montrés un grand pouvoir acidifiant,

antibactérien et un haut potentiel fermentatif

ayant été isolé, purifier et conservé, sont capables

de conserver et fermenter de façon naturelle

l’artichaut sans ajout des additifs chimiques

industriels.

Parmi deuze souches bactériennes, la bactérie

lactique SMBL1, la bactérie lactique SMBL1 et

la souche de levure SMLV1 ont été maintenues

pour constituer le ferment de fermentation.

La fermentation d’artichaut a été exécutée suivant

deux protocoles expérimentaux suivants : une

fermentation spontanée et une deuxième

contrôlée réalisée par inoculation d’un mélange

simultané des trois souches (SMBL1, SMBL2 et

SMLV1).

Des analyses des paramètres physicochimiques

(température, acidité, pH) et microbiologiques

(FMAT, Coliformes fécaux, bactéries lactiques et

levures) ont été réalisé au cours de l’évolution de

deux fermentations.

Les résultats qui en découlent sont meilleurs en

terme du temps de fermentation 30 jours, de

réduction du pH 3,57 et de production d’acide

1,22, Ces résultats ne sont pas de même pour la

fermentation traditionnelle. Cette fermentation

contrôlée a permis l’obtention des artichauts de

bonne qualité homogène, de qualité hygiénique

finale adéquate et de longue durée de vie.

Mots-clés : artichaut, bactérie lactique, levure,

fermentation spontanée, fermentation

contrôlée, ferment.

PIII-59 : Screening d’activités hydrolytiques

extracellulaires chez des

microorganismeshalophiles aérobies isolés des

marées salants des régions du centre ouest et

sud du Maroc

N BOU M’HANDI1*, F EL FILALI1, B

BOUALOUCH2, M EL ALALOUI3

1 Centre Spécialisé de Valorisation et de

Technologie des Produits de la Mer, Institut

National de Recherche Halieutique, BP 1050,

Agadir, Maroc. 2Facutlé des Sciences Ain Choc, Université

Hassan II, BP : 5366, Maârif, Casablanca, Maroc. 3Facutlé des Sciences d’El Jadida, Université

ChouaibDoukali, BP : 20, El Jadida, Maroc.

*Auteur chargé de la correspondance /

Correspondingauthor:Email:

[email protected]

Résumé

Les formes de vie sur terre sont innombrables,

comme les environnements qui les abritent.Celles

se développant dans des environnements hostiles

sont globalement qualifiées d’extrêmophiles. Les

premiers organismes extrêmophiles isolés font

partie des organismeshalophiles, découverts dans

un environnement qu'on croyait dépourvu de vie,

d'où son nom :la Mer Morte. Leur résistance aux

fortes salinités leur confère des caractéristiques

étonnantes,ce qui révèle un véritable atout

biotechnologique.

Une étude ayant pour objectif, le criblage et la

production d’hydrolases de

microorganismeshalophiles isolés

d’environnements hypersalinsmarocains est

réalisée. Pour cela, unecollection de 500 souches

de procaryotes halophiles aérobies isolées à partir

des échantillonsd’eau, de sel et de sédiments

prélevés au niveau de deux marais salants situés

sur la côte atlantique du centre ouest et sud du





Maroc (Tarfaya et Oualidia) est constituée puis

caractérisée phénotypiquement. Elles sont aussi

systématiquement examinées pour détecter la

présence qualitative de cinq activités

hydrolytiques extracellulaires (amylase, protéase,

cellulase, lipase et DNase).

Mots clès: Criblage, Bactéries halophiles,

Enzymes hydrolytiques, Marais salants, Côte

Atlantique Centre- Sud, Maroc.


Poster Communication: Theme IV


PIV-1 : Listeria and Brucella in Raw Cow's

Milk in the Region of Tlemcen

Barka M.S.1, Belarbi M.2, Benammar C.2,

Berrichi M.2

1 Laboratory of Food, Biomedical and

Environmental Microbiology, Biology

Department, Faculty of Nature and Life Sciences,

University of Tlemcen, Algeria

2 Laboratoire Natural Products, Biology

Department, Faculty of Nature and Life Sciences,

University of Tlemcen, Algeria

Abstarct

Algeria is the largest consumer of milk, in North

Africa, with nearly 3 billion liters per year. This

food occupies a prominent place, in the diet of

Algerians, but can be the cause of various

diseases.

For this, our choice fell on Listeria by culturing,

using the method ISO 11290-1, and Brucella, by

serological method, in raw cow's milk, in the

Tlemcen region.

In a total of 60 samples of raw milk analyzed,

only two Listeria strains were isolated and

identified by classical methods of identification,

Camp test and API Listeria. A rate of 3.33% and

3 positive tests, for brucellosis, confirmed by the

ring test, is equivalent to a proportion of 5%.

Furthermore, both Listeria strains were confirmed

as Listeria monocytogenes.

Keywords : raw milk, cattle, Listeria,

brucellosis, Tlemcen region

PIV-2 : The Bacterial Diversity of Camel Milk

: A Contemporary Update

Kadri Z.1,2*, Spitaels F.1, Cnockaert M.1, Amar

M.2, Vandamme P.1

1. Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of

Biochemistry and Microbiology, Gent University,

Gent, Belgium


Moléculaire, Centre National pour la Recherche

Scientifique et Technique, Rabat, Morocco


Abstract

Camel milk is a valuable source of food, for

people living in arid areas of Morocco. As it is

usually consumed, in its raw state, the presence of

pathogenic bacteria is of public health importance

(Adugna et al., 2013 ; Eberlein, 2007 ; Saad and

Thabet, 1993; Younan, 2004).

The present study aimed to investigate the overall

microbiota of raw camel milk, collected from

four different locations, in Morocco. From four

different samples, 808 isolates were obtained

using ten combinations of growth media and

incubation conditions. Subsequent dereplication

using MALDI-TOF MS and identification of

selected isolates through sequence analysis of

16S rRNA gene and protein encoding genes

revealed a considerable species diversity. Thirty-

four bacterial species including two novel lactic

acid bacteria and belonging to four distinct phyla,

i.e. Firmicutes (64.7% of the isolates),

Proteobacteria (30.0%), Actinobacteria (4.9%)

and Bacteroidetes (0.4%) were isolated.

Keywords : microbiota of raw camel milk,

culturomics approach, MALDI-TOF MS,

sequence analysis, 16SrRNA, protein encoding

genes

PIV-3 : Long Term Cryoconservation Toxic

Impact on Aromatisation Acidification Profiles

of Wild Thermophilic lactic Strains Isolated

from Raw Kamel Milk

Meribai H.1, Bensoltane A.2

1. Laboratoire Caractérisation et Valorisation des

Ressources Naturelles, Département des Sciences

Agronomiques, Université de Bordj Bou Arreridj,

Algeria

2. Laboratoire de Microbiologie Alimentaire,

Université Oran1 Es’Senia, Oran, Algeria


Abstract

The study aimed to select thermophilic lactic wild

strains, of technological interest, to explore the

stability of commercial thermophilic starter, for

ten brands of industrial yoghurt, collected in

Bordj Bou Arréridj, provence North-eastern of

Algeria.




Isolation, characterization of strains, from raw

camel milk, on selective media M17 (Lactococci

at +42°C) and MRS (Lactobacilli at +45°C). The

cryopreservation impact on the starter stability,

during 21 days, directed by check, upstream and

downstream, conservation of 05 physico-

chemical parameters (pH, viscosity, conductivity,

density and lactate). Acidifying profiles, by

monitoring the kinetics of acidification of

reconstituted skim milk and flavoring by double

test : Voges Proskauer and polarography. The in

vitro antagonisms study of lactic strain’s active

crude supernatant (SBA), directed against targets

strains prokaryotes and eucaryotes.

The results gave thermophilic strains,

Streptococcus thermophilus on M17 and

homofermentary Lactobacillus sp, on MRS.

Milk acidification (in Dornic degree ºD allowed

the selection of 06 strains Lactobacillus sp. (DL4,

51.09, DL1, 49.5, DL2, 47.70, DL3, 47.52, DS3,

42.62 and DL5, 32.23ºD and six isolates

Streptococcus thermophilus (TL5, 103.18, TL1,

88.09, TS2, 67.15, TL3, 47.52, TS3, 45.76 and

TL4, 36.96ºD.

The flavoring, by Voges Proskauer test, revealed

two very intense flavoring strains, four strains

intensely positive, one strain moderately positive

and nine moderately intense strains.

These results were confirmed on polarography

against established standard of pure diacetyl. The

results of antagonism gave inhibitory zones,

varying between 21 and 10 mm, against targets

Gram positive strains, between 25 and 09 mm

against those Gram negative and between 15mm

and 09mm for interactions against eukaryotes.

The study led to development of a wild

thermophilic lac.

Keywords : wild strains, selection, acidification,

diacetyl, bacteriocin

PIV-4 : Adhesion of Staphylococcus aureus

Cultured in the UHT Milk in Polystyrene

Surface

Tankiouine S.1, Elfazazi K.1, Zahir H.1,

Lekchiri S.1, Mliji M.2, Ellouali M.1, Latrache

H.1*


Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, Béni Mellal,

Morocco

2. Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Pasteur

Institute, Casablanca, Morocco


Abstract

The development of microbial biofilms on solid

surfaces poses many problems in the industrial

sector. In the dairy industry, the surface of

materials in contact with bacteria could change

the physicochemical properties of the substrate

surface. These properties may also exert a great

influence on the speed and amount of adhesion.

The aim of this work is to study the adhesion of

S. aureus cultured in milk in the polystyrene

support in different ionic strengths The results

show that increasing the ionic strength of milk led

to an increase in adherence of S. aureus in the

polystyrene support in conclusion it is of interest

to consider the physicochemical conditions of the

milk to estimate the risk of contamination in milk

production.

Keywords : Physicochemical properties, Milk,

Adhesion, Staphylococcus aureus, polystyrene

P-IV5 : Evaluation of Hygienic and

Microbiological Quality of Raw Cow milk

from The Area of Tadla Azilal

Ferdous N., Najimi M., Chigr F.

Équipe Biologie Fonctionnelle et Pathologique,

Université Sultan Moulay Slimane, Béni Mellal,

Morocco

Abstract

The main objective of this study was to assess

quality of raw milk produced, in Tadla Azilal

area, in Morocco. For this, we intend to evaluate,

firstly, its bacteriological quality and hygienic

characterization.

The milk samples of raw cow milk produced in

43 farms were collected at 5 areas : Béni Mellal

(1), Fkih Ben Saleh (2), Souk Bept (3), Zidouh

(4) and Khouribga (5).

Cow milk samples were analyzed by a

microbiological count of the standard plate count

(SPC), total coliforms (TC), Enterobacteria





(ENT), yeasts (L) and molds (M) and some

pathogenic bacteria. And to analyze the hygienic

of milk with antibiotic, acidity dornic, pH …

Our study of the Tadla Azillal region showed the

presence of bacterial contamination with

heterogeneity among the analyzed farms. Thus, it

appears that the farms are highly contaminated by

a wrong application of the cleaning procedures, in

general, bad breeding practices and storage

requirements as well as carriage, could be the

main factors involved in the microbiological

contamination of raw milk from this region.

While hygienic results showed that the lower pH

and higher titratable acidity values have been

demonstrated mainly in farms that have

unfavorable breeding practices. This could

present a serious concern, for human health,

stressing in that the organism. Taken together

these variations reflect essentially differences, in

practical breeding.

When the period effect is investigated,

differences between hot periods and cold periods

are present for the parameters mentioned above.

Finally, these data add new insights concerning

microbiological and hygienic characteristic of

raw cow's milk, produced in the Tadla region in

Morocco, and, inform on nutritional potential of

milk as well as its dangerousness when hygienic

conditions are not respected.

Keywords : raw cow milk, farms, microbiology,

hygienic, quality, morocco

PIV-6 : Caractérisation de la Qualité

Physicochimique et Évaluation des Risques

Sanitaires du Lait Cru Commercialisé via le

Circuit Informel dans Deux Régions : Béni-

Mellal-Khénifra et Rabat-Salé-Kénitra

(Maroc)

El Abbadi A.1*, Cherqaoui S.Y.1, Najdi J.2,

Azeroual E.1,3, Benazzouz B.1, Guennouni N.4,

Mesfioui A.1

1. Laboratoire de Génétique,

Neuroendocrinologie, Biotechnologie, Faculté

des Sciences, Université Ibn Tofail, Kénitra,

Maroc

2. Cabinet Vétérinaire, Fkih Ben Salah, Maroc

3. Institut Royal des Techniciens Spécialisés en

Elevage de Fouarat, Kénitra, Maroc

4. Société Isolab, Bouskoura, Maroc


sidiyassine, [email protected]

[email protected] [email protected],

[email protected]

[email protected]

[email protected]

Abstract

Pour un but d’évaluer les risques de la santé

publique liés à la consommation du lait cru

vendu, par voie informelle, une étude

d’évaluation de la qualité de cette denrée a été

menée, entre mars 2014 et juin 2015, sur 489

échantillons de lait prélevés auprès de 71 points

de vente, dans deux régions administratives, au

Maroc, Béni Mellal-Khénifra (centre du Maroc)

et Rabat-Salé-Kénitra (Nord-Ouest).

Les résultats obtenus ont révélé que 22% des

échantillons ont été déclarés positifs, en produits

alcalins. L’analyse a montré aussi une présence

des résidus des antibiotiques (4,1%), pour un test

de recherche de la famille des Beta-lactamines et

les Tétracyclines.

Les analyses des résultats soulèvent les risques de

la santé publique liés à la consommation du lait

cru vendu par le circuit informel, en échappant

des organismes de contrôle.

Mots Clés : lait cru, physicochimique, risques

sanitaires, circuit informel, résidu, fraude,

contrôle, Maroc

P-IV7 : Molecular and Proteomic

Characterization of Leuconostoc mesenteroides

Isolated from Algerian Raw Camel Milk

Benmechernene Z.1*, Calo-Mata P.2

1. Laboratory of Applied Microbiology,


Oran University, Es-Senia, Oran, Algeria

2. Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition

and Food Science, School of Veterinary Sciences,

College of Biotechnology, University of Santiago

de Compostela, Campus Lugo, Spain


Abstract


mailto:sidiyassine,%[email protected]









The majority of researches on camels focused

principally on their anatomic characteristics and

physiological adaptation for desertation.

However, information on camel milk is very

limited.

For these reasons we suggested, in the present

work, a molecular characterization and evaluation

of the genetic variability and a proteomic

identification of thirteen (13) putative producing

bacteriocin Leuconostoc strains exhibiting anti-

listerial activity, with a view to elucidate their

potential application as additives, in raw food

destined for human consumption.

DNA sequencing of the 13 selected strains

revealed high homology among the 16S rRNA

gene for all strains. In addition, 99% homology

with Leuconostoc mesenteroides was observed

when these sequences were analyses by the

BLAST tool against other sequences from

reference strains deposited in the Genbank.

Furthermore, the isolates were characterized by

Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization

Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry (MALDITOF

MS), which allowed for the identification of 2

mass peaks 4442.78 m/z and 5117.81 m/z that

resulted to be specific to the species Leuconostoc

mesenteroides.

Remarkably, the phyloproteomic tree provided

more intra-specific information of L.

mesenteroides than 16S rRNA-based

phylogenetic analysis. Thus, phyloproteomic

analysis allowed to group L. mesenteroides

strains into different sub-branches, while all L.

mesenteroides isolates grouped in the same

branch according to phylogenetic analysis.

This study represents to our knowledge, the first

report on the use of MALDITOF MS, on the

identification of LAB isolated from camel milk.

Keywords : genomic-MALDITOF MS-MS,

camel milk, Leuconostoc, probiotique

PIV-8 : Etude de la Diversité Microbienne du

Lait et des Urines de Dromadaire

Bouhaddaoui S.1,2, Chabir R.2, Errachidi F.1,

El Khalfi B.1, Soukri A.1

1–- Laboratoire de Physiopathologie, Génétique

moléculaire et Biotechnologie, Université Hassan

II, Faculté des Sciences Ain Chock, Casablanca,

Maroc

2–- Laboratoire de Physiopathologie et Nutrition,

Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Université

Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdelah, Fès, Maroc

Résumé

Les urines et le lait du dromadaire sont appréciés

traditionnellement par leurs propriétés

antidiabétiques, anti infectieuses, anticancéreuses.

De nous jours, plusieurs recherches scientifiques

ont confirmé les vertus thérapeutiques de ces

deux liquides biologiques qui jouent un rôle

important dans la guérison des maladies

menaçant la santé humaine.

Notre recherche ambitionne l’étude de la diversité

microbienne des urines et du lait du dromadaire

afin d’expliquer et d’évaluer les capacités

thérapeutiques de ces liquides biologiques.

Après avoir effectué un dénombrement de la flore

microbienne du lait et des urines de dromadaire,

nous avons pu constater que la diversité

microbienne est limité aussi bien au niveau du

lait que des urines avec une dominance des

levures dans le lait notamment les genres

kluyveromyces et candida et une dominance des

bactéries dans les urines où les levures sont

absentes. Les échantillons du lait est des urines

testés sont dépourvus de moisissures. La majorité

des levures isolées résistent à des températures

élevées, aux fortes concentrations en sucres

(50% ) et en NaCl ( 10%). Ces levures

n’assimilent pas les sources de carbone non

glucidique et sont dépourvu d’enzymes

dépolymérisantes de cellulose, de pectine,

d’amidon et de protéines. Au contraire les

bactéries disposent de deux activités

enzymatiques amylolytique et lipolytique.

Mots clés : dromadaire, lait, urines,

microbiologie et diversité

PIV-9 : Carbon Dioxide Production by

Leuconostoc mesenteroîdes Grown in Single

and Mixed Culture with Lactococcus lactis in

Skim Milk

Kihal M., Prevost H., Diviès C.

Laboratory Microbiology, Department Biology,

Faculty SNV, Université Oran 1 Ahmed Ben

Bella, Oran, Algeria




Abstract

The effect of mixed culture of Leuconostoc

mesenteroides subsp. dextranicum and

Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis (prot+) was

investigated, to achieve an optimal production of

carbon dioxide.

Only the strain of L. mesenteroides can produce

carbon dioxide, from lactose and citrate, in milk.

The influence of the initial concentration ration

between the two strains on growth, carbon

dioxide, L-lactate, acetic acid production and

citrate used was studied.

When the initial inoculum of L. lactis was

2.5x105 CFU.mL-1, the growth and evolved CO2

by L. mesenteroîdes (3x107 CFU.mL-1) increased,

whereas high inoculum of L. lactis induced a

decrease of growth and CO2 production by L.

mesenteroides. In mixed culture, CO2 production

continued, after growth stopped, a partial

uncoupling can be observed between growth and

CO2 production. A shift of acetate production was

observed, in mixed culture and 25.6 mM was

obtained, whereas 30.18 mM was obtained at the

same time, in pure culture of L. mesenteroides.

Keywords : Leuconostoc mesenteroides,

Lactococcus lactis, milk, lactic acid, acetic acid,

citric acid, growth kinetics, fermented milk

PIV-9 : Selection of Probiotic Bifidobacteria

and the Evaluation of Their Viability in

Fermented Milk

PIV-10 : Isolement, Identification

Phénotypique et Caractérisation

Technologiques des Bactéries Lactiques à

partir du Lait Fermenté "Lben", Fromage

Traditionnel "Jben" de la Région Tanger-

Tétoun

Cherkaoui D.1 , Laglaoui A.2

1. Equipe de Recherche en Biotechnologies et

Génie des Biomolécules, Faculté des Sciences et

Techniques, Tanger, Maroc

2. Equipe de Recherche en Biotechnologies et

Génie des Biomolécules, Axe Microbiologie et

Biologie Moléculaire, Faculté des Sciences et

Techniques, Tanger, Maroc

Abstract

La présente étude a pour but d'évaluer le potentiel

biotechnologique de souches de BAL, isolées à

partir des Olives de tables, en saumure

artisanales, du lait fermenté "LBEN" de vache et

du fromage traditionnel "JBEN", et de

caractériser ces souches.

Pour ce but, on a opté, en premier lieu, à la

caractérisation phénotypique et technologique des

souches isolées. La méthode suivie consiste à

isoler, en milieux sélectives de MRS et M17,

d'identifier les souches, par la coloration de Gram

et le test de catalase, de déterminer, en deuxième

temps, le type fermentaire, la croissance à

différentes températures, la croissance en milieu

hypersalé, et la caractérisation des bactéries

lactiques, par la recherche de l’arginine

dihydrolase (ADH). En troisième temps, on a

opté pour une caractérisation technologique, par

la recherche du pouvoir acidifiant et du pouvoir

protéolytique.

Les résultats ont montré, qu'à partir d'un total de

31 échantillons, on a pu isolés 209 souches. Ces

isolats sont des Gram positif, catalase négatif, et,

dont 17 isolats (8 %) des Lactobacillus, 138

souches (65%) des Lactococcus et 57 souches

(27%) sont des Streptococcus. Les Lactobacillus

lactis ont montré une activité positive, pour

l'arginine dihydrolase (ADH), ce qui traduit leur

activité hétérofermentaire. Aussi les tests ont pu

démontrer une stabilité aux moyennes

températures (température optimale de +30°C) et

une sensibilité envers la salinité qui est de l'ordre

6,5% et 8%. Concernant les Lactococcus lactis,

les tests ont montré une sensibilité aux valeurs de

salinité de 6,5% et 8%. Une faible stabilité pour

les hautes températures (absence de croissance

bactérienne à +45°C) et une absence de

production de gaz (CO2) . Nous avons obtenu, à

partir de 209 souches isolées, 178 souches

protéolytiques, 154 isolées, à partir du milieu

MRS et 24 souches isolées, à partir du milieu

M17.

Afin d’attribuer des profils acceptables et fiables

aux souches sélectionnées, une identification

moléculaire s’avère indispensable et obligatoire.

Mots Clés : bactéries lactiques, lait fermenté

traditionnel , fromage traditionnel

P-IV11 : Évaluation des Aptitudes Fromagères

des Souches Lactiques Autochtones Isolées à




partir des Fromages de Chèvre du Nord du

Maroc

El Galiou O.1, Zantar S.3, Arakrak A.1,

Bakkali M.1, Carballo J.2, Laglaoui A.1*

1. Équipe de Recherche en Biotechnologies et

Génie des Biomolécules, Université Abdelmalek

Essaadi, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques,

Morocco

2. Área de Tecnología de los Alimentos, Facultad

de Ciencias de Ourense, Universidad de Vigo,

Campus Universitario, Ourense, Spain

3. Station d’Ionisation de Boukhalef, INRA,

Morocco


Abstract

Les consommateurs apprécient les fromages

artisanaux, pour leurs arôme et saveur typiques,

qui sont généralement attribuées à l’activité

métabolique de la microflore autochtone présente

dans le lait cru.

L’objectif de cette étude est d’évaluer l’efficacité

des souches lactiques autochtones, isolées à partir

des fromages de chèvre du Nord du Maroc et qui

ont été sélectionnées et caractérisées

antérieurement. Nous avons évalué les aptitudes

fromagères, avec la combinaison de 6 souches

autochtones, en effectuant des fabrications des

fromages de chèvre à échelle expérimentale

(Lot A : L. lactis subsp. lactis fortement

acidifiante + L. lactis subsp. lactis var.

diacetylactis faible producteur de diacétyle-

acétoine + L. paracaseï fortement protéolytique ;

Lot B : L. lactis subsp. lactis avec une activité

acidifiante modérée + L. lactis subsp. lactis var.

diacetylactis, produteur important de diacétyle-

acétoine + L. paracasei, avec une activité

protéolytique modérée). Les fromages, ainsi

obtenus, ont fait l’objet des analyses

physicochimiques, microbiologiques et

sensorielles.

Les résultats de la composition chimique des

fromages (protéines, extrait sec et matière grasse)

n’ont montré aucune différence significative,

entre les différents ferments lactiques utilisés,

alors que les résultats des analyses

microbiologiques ont montré que les fromages

des lots A et B ont une meilleure qualité

microbiologique, par rapport aux lots C et D.

Ceci montre l’efficacité des souches lactiques

autochtones couplée avec la pasteurisation du lait.

L’évaluation sensorielle des fromages

expérimentaux a montré que les fromages

élaborés avec les ferments lactiques autochtones

avaient une grande intensité d’arôme et une

meilleure qualité de goût similaires aux fromages

au lait cru.

Mots Clés : bactéries lactiques, fromage de

chèvre, Lactococcus, Lactobacillus, analyses

sensorielles

PIV-12 : Recherche de la Listeria

monocytogenes dans Certains Produits

Alimentaires Alger)

Akretche-Kelfat S.1,2, Bensefia S.A.3,

Zammouchi S.3, Meghaoui A.1, Oudina H.1

1. Faculté de Génie Mécanique et Génie des

Procédés, Laboratoire de Génie de la Réaction,

Université des Sciences et Technologies Houari

Boumediene, USTHB, Alger, Algérie

2. École Nationale Supérieure Agronomique, El

Harrach, Algérie

3. Institut Pasteur, Alger, Algeria

Abstract

Listeria monocytogenes est une bactérie de type

Gram positif, à l'origine de la listériose.

Cette maladie infectieuse grave touche à la fois

l'Homme et les animaux. Elle est très résistante et

peut se multiplier dans des atmosphères dont la

température est comprise entre +1°C et +45°C.

L’intérêt de notre recherche est de permettre une

détection de Listeria monocytogenes dans les

denrées alimentaires concernées ou non par la

réglementation nationale.

Au cours de notre étude, un total de 174

échantillons de plusieurs types de produits

alimentaires (viandes, fromages, poissons, plats

cuisiniers) ont été examinés.

La recherche de Listeria monocytogenes dans les

aliments a été effectuée selon la norme ISO

11290-1et ISO 11290-2.




Ainsi, 45 souches du genre Listeria ont été isolées

sur un milieu sélectif (gélose chromogénique ou

gélose PALCAM), à partir de plusieurs

échantillons alimentaires, essentiellement de la

viande rouge et des produits dérivés (16 souches),

poissons et produits de la pêche (3 souches),

fromages et produits laitiers (11 souches) et les

plats cuisinés (15 souches). Les souches isolées

ont été caractérisées, sur le plan morphologique et

cultural, par observation microscopique et

observation de l’aspect des colonies, sur le plan

biochimique, par des tests d’identification

classique et la galerie Api Listeria.

Nos résultats ne font ressortir que quatre espèces,

parmi les six, que compte le genre Listeria, avec

une prédominance de Listeria monocytogenes.

Mot Clés : Listeria monocytogenes, santé

humaine, produits alimentaires, observation

microscopique, galerie Api

PIV-13 : Qualité Microbiologique des Plats

Finis Desservis dans un Centre Hospitalier

Marocain

Benjelloun Touimi G.1,2*, Bennani B.2, Berrada

S.3, Benboubker M.5, Bennani L.1,⁴

1. Laboratoire de Pathologie Humaine



2. Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Fès,

Maroc


Epidémiologique et d’Hygiène du Milieu, Fès,

Maroc


Techniques de Santé, Fès, Maroc

5. Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Hassan II, Fès,

Maroc


Abstract

L’hygiène, dans le secteur alimentaire, est d’une

importance capitale, en milieu hospitalier.

En fait, les microorganismes peuvent proliférer et

atteindre un seuil dangereux, dans les cuisines où

règnent des conditions de croissance optimale,

c’est-à-dire une humidité importante et une

température élevée [1]. Ces dernières années,

même avec la modernisation des services

alimentaires, plusieurs études ont montré que

l’alimentation hospitalière fait face à plusieurs

problématiques [2]. Les patients hospitalisés dont

l’organisme est fragilisé par la maladie,

l’intervention chirurgicale ou l’âge sont des sujets

sensibles aux toxi-infections alimentaires

collectives (TIAC), considérées comme une

infection nosocomiale [3].

L’objectif de ce travail est d’évaluer la

contamination microbienne des plats finis

destinés à être servis aux patients d’un centre

hospitalier universitaire marocain. Les règles

d’hygiène alimentaire applicables à l’hôpital sont

celles définies en restauration collective décrite

par la norme marocaine.

Sur un total de 200 échantillons, prélevés sur une

période de 8 mois, le dénombrement de la flore

mésophile aérobie totale, des coliformes totaux et

des coliformes fécaux, des Staphylococcus aureus

et des anaérobies sulfito-réducteurs, des levures et

moisissures ainsi que la recherche des

salmonelles ont été réalisés suivant les normes

marocaines en vigueur.

Le nombre d’échantillons conformes, selon la

réglementation nationale, était de 160, soit un

taux de conformité de 80%.

Les germes causant la non-conformité des

aliments (retrouvée dans 20% des cas) étaient

représentés, essentiellement, par les germes

totaux et le Staphylococcus aureus.

Bien que le taux de conformité soit important, des

actions d’amélioration sont menées, dans

l’objectif de bien gérer le risque d’infections

nosocomiales d’origine alimentaire.

Mots Clés : qualité microbiologique, denrées

alimentaired, milieu hospitalier, infections

nosocomiales, hygiène alimentaire, sécurité

alimentaire

Référence [1] Abouda Y. et al., (2014). Nutrition Clinique et

Métabolisme, 28, 164-170.

[2] Régulier-Poupet H. et al., (2005). Journal of

Hospital Infection, 59, 131-137.

[3] Cosson C. et al., (2003). Nutrition Clinique et

Métabolisme, 17, 242-251.





PIV-14 : Étude de la Qualité Microbiologique

de Denrées Alimentaires Issues de la

Restauration Collective de la Ville de Fès

Berrada S.1,2*, Benjelloun T. G.2,3, Bennani B.3,

Cherigui M.2, Bennani L.3,4


Epidémiologique et d’Hygiène du Milieu,

Direction Régionale de la Santé, Fès-Meknès,

Maroc

2. Hôpital Al Ghassani, Université Sidi Mohamed

Ben Abdellah, Faculté des Sciences Dar Hel

Mahraz, Fès, Maroc

3. Laboratoire de Pathologie Humaine




des Techniques de Santé, Fès, Maroc

*E.mail : [email protected]

Abstract

La restauration collective, dans les cantines, les «

fast foods » et les restaurants, devient un fait

incontournable, dans le schéma actuel du

développement urbain, dans les pays en

développement.

La présente étude consiste en l’évaluation de la

qualité hygiénique des denrées alimentaires

prélevées, dans le cadre de la restauration

collective, à partir de différents points de la ville

de Fès.

Sur un total de 90 échantillons reçus, au

LRDEHM de Fès, durant le mois de Ramadan, de

l’année 2015, nous avons effectué le

dénombrement de la flore mésophile aérobie

totale, des coliformes totaux, d’E.coli, de S.

aureus et d’anaérobies sulfito-réducteurs (ASR)

ainsi que la recherche des Salmonelles.

21 échantillons ont été classés, par rapport à la

réglementation nationale, non conformes, soit un

taux de non-conformité de 23,33%. Le

pourcentage de non-conformité le plus élevé a été

remarqué, au sein de la catégorie des végétaux et

des crudités (35%), contre 21,05%, pour les plats

cuisinés et 7,70%, pour les pâtisseries. La

différence entre les catégories était significative

(P<0,05). Les germes causant la non-conformité

étaient représentés par les germes totaux (4,35%),

les coliformes totaux (8,7%) et les E.coli

(86,95%). Les S.aureus et les ASR, quoi que

présents, au niveau de certains échantillons, ne

causent aucune non-conformité. Aucune

Salmonelle n’a été retrouvée.

Afin d’assurer une meilleure sécurité pour les

consommateurs, la mise en place et le

renforcement du respect des bonnes pratiques

d'hygiène et des conditions de conservation

doivent être réalisés, à tous les niveaux de

production, du transport, de la transformation, de

la conservation, du dressage et de la mise en

service.

Mots Clés : qualité hygiénique, restauration

collective, sécurité, consommateur, Fès

PIV-15 : Effet des Huiles Essentielles de

Mentha pulegium L. et de Melaleuca

alternifolia sur la Croissance et la

Toxinogenèse de Deux espèces de Penicillium

Isolées des Denrées Alimentaires

Chidi F.*, Khaddor M., Bouhoudan A.

1. Équipe de Recherche en Biotechnologies

Alimentaires et Environnementales, ENS,

Université Abdelmalek Essaadi, Martil, Maroc

2. Centre Régional des Métiers de l’Education et

de Formation, Tanger, Maroc


Abstract

Les Penicillium, contaminants de stockage de

nombreuses denrées alimentaires, secrètent lors

de leur métabolisme secondaire des métabolites

hautement toxiques. Les espèces toxinogènes

constituent un danger réel pour la santé de

l’Homme et de l'animal. Cette étude a pour

objectif la démonstration du pouvoir antifongique

et détoxifiant des huiles essentielles de deux

plantes : Mentha pulegium L.et deMelaleuca

alternifolia.

Dans ce travail, les souches de Penicillium ont été

isolées à partir des échantillons de denrées

alimentaires provenant de Tanger, Tétouan,

Nador et de Martil. Les souches toxinogènes sont

mises en culture, en présence de différentes

concentrations des huiles essentielles, après 10

jours d’incubation à +25°C et en obscurité. La

mesure du poids frais et du poids sec permet

d’apprécier l’effet des huiles essentielles, sur la

croissance mycélienne. La mise en évidence des

mycotoxines est réalisée, par chromatographie sur

couche mince.





L’huile essentielle de Mentha pulegium L. a

montré un effet sur la croissance de deux espèces

toxinogènes P.griseofulvum et P. verrucosum,

aux concentrations de 2.5% et de 0.156%,

respectivement. Tandis que la secrétion des

mycotoxines par ces deux souches n’était pas

sensible à la présence de cette huile essentielle.

Quant à l’huile essentielle de Melaleuca

alternifolia, une concentration de 1.25% était

suffisante, pour ralentir la croissance mycélienne

de P. griseofulvum et de P. verrucosum. En outre,

la secrétion des mycotoxines était moins

importante par rapport aux témoins.

Les huiles essentielles constituent un très fort

potentiel au niveau de la lutte biologique contre

les Penicillium toxinogènes et la détoxification

des mycotoxines.

Mots Clés : Penicillium, toxinogenèse, huiles

essentielles, effet antifongique, Mentha pulegium

L., Melaleuca alternifolia

PIV-16 : Activité Antifongique en Micro

Atmosphère de l’Huile Essentielle de

Origanum compactum

Benchekroun Krimi F.E.1*, Boukachabine K.1*,

Ababou B.1

1. Laboratoire Sciences de l’Environnement et du

Développement, Faculté des Sciences et

Techniques, Université Hassan 1er, Settat, Maroc


[email protected],

Abstract

Cette étude a pour objectif l’étude de l’activité

antifongique en micro-atmosphère de l’huile

essentielle d’origanum compactum, composée

majoritairement de 43.97% de carvacrol, de

17.87% de p-Gymene et de de 11.56% de thymol

vis-à-vis de six champignons responsables

d’importantes pertes, au niveau des denrées

alimentaires stockées, à savoir P. verrucosum, P.

expansum, P. chrysogenum, A. niger, A. flavus et

A. ochraceu.

La méthode de micro-atmosphère repose sur

l'évaluation de l'activité inhibitrice de la fraction

volatile de l’huile essentielle d’Origanum

compactum, à une température d'incubation de

+25±2°C, sur la croissance mycélienne de six

espèces fongiques, après 6 jours d’incubation.

Les résultats de cette étude ont mis en évidence

une concentration minimale inhibitrice (CMI) de

l’huile essentielle d’Origanum compactum de

l’ordre de 0.0625 µl.mL-1 d’air, pour les espèces

de Penicillium et de l’ordre de 0.125µl.mL-1

d’air, pour les espèces d’Aspergillus.

Les CMI retrouvées, pour l’huile essentielle

d’Origanum compactum, montrent que cette huile

a une excellente activité antifongique sur les

souches testées, ce qui en fait une alternative

intéressante, pour lutter contre les champignons,

notamment, ceux du stockage en

agroalimentaire.

Mots Clés : huile essentielle, CMI, Origanum

compactum, Penicillium, Aspergillus, micro-

atmosphère

PIV-17 : Chemical Composition and

Antibacterial Activity of two Essential Oils of

Rosmarinus Rosmarinus officinalis et

Rosmarinus eriocalyx Against Erwinia

Amylovora fire blight agent

Doukkali L.1*, Tahiri A.2, Tazi B.3, Guenoun

F.1

1. Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and

Environment, Moulay Ismail University of

Sciences, Meknes, Morocco

2. Laboratory of Phytopathology, Department of

the Protection of the Plants and Environment,

National School of Agriculture, Meknès,

Morocco

3. Laboratory of Chemistry, Department of the

Basic Sciences, National School of Agriculture,

Meknès, Morocco

*E-Mail : [email protected]

Abstract

Dealing with resistance and toxicity problems

caused by the massive use of plant protection

products (pesticides), and with the fact that

regulation organizations are questioning, the use

of antibiotics, in agriculture, it is particularly

urgent to find alternatives to provide efficient

protection of crops against plant diseases.

The main objective of this paper is to study the

antibacterial activity of essential oils (EO)

extracted of two species of Rosmary (Rosmarinus

officinalis, Rosmarinus eriocalyx) against

Erwinia Amylovora.






The extraction was carried out by water

distillation Clevenger’s type apparatus.The yields

of extracted essential oils (EOs) are about 1.6%

and 2.1%, respectively, for Rosmarinus officinalis

and Rosmarinus eriocalyx. The chemical

compositions of EO were analyzed, using a gas

chromatography / mass spectrometry (GC-MS)

showed that both species have almost the same

profil. Thus, αpinene, β-pinene, camphene,

camphor, borneol were found as predominant

compounds and 1,8-cineole as chemotype with

40% for Rosmarinus officinalis and 45% for

Rosmarinus eriocalyx. The in vitro antibacterial

activity against Erwinia Amylovora was

evaluated, using the method of aromatogram.

The results revealed that EO of Rosmarinus

officinalis is most active against Erwinia

Amylovora.

Keywords : fire blight, Erwinia Amylovora,

antibacterial activity, Rosmarinus officinalis,

Rosmarinus eriocalyx,in vitro

PIV-18 : Etude Comparative de l’Effet Anti

Adhésion de l’Huile Essentielle et des Extraits

Aqueux et Ethanolique de Salvia Officinalis

sur l’Acier Inoxydable 304 dans une Solution

d’Eau de Mer Simulée

El Aabedy A.1*, El Ouaqor B.1, Koraichi Ibn

Souda S.1,2, Elabed S.1,2, El Farricha O.1

1. Laboratoire de Biotechnologie

Microbienne, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques,

Université Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah, Fès,

Maroc

2. Cité de l’Innovation, Université Sidi



Abstract

La colonisation microbienne de la surface de

l’acier inoxydable 304 est considérée comme une

source de problèmes industriels austères, dans des

secteurs diversifiés tels que l’industrie

agroalimentaire, pharmaceutique, pétrolière,

électrique, etc. Ce phénomène est ainsi à l’origine

d’une diminution des rendements et d’une

augmentation des coûts de production, partout

dans le monde, notamment, en raison de la

corrosion influencée par les microorganismes ou

encore appelée biocorrosion. Dans le cadre de

cette problématique, la protection de l’acier

inoxydable vis à vis la biocorrosion est devenu

une nécessité. Les biofilms étant très difficiles à

éradiquer, une fois formés, une stratégie

préventive, visant à limiter l’adhésion des

microorganismes à l’acier inoxydable 304,

constitue une approche pertinente.

Dans cette optique, l’objectif de ce travail est de

mettre au point un traitement de surface, à

efficacité anti-adhésive, sur l’acier inoxydable

304.

Dans cette poursuite, l’effet de l’huile essentielle

et des extraits aqueux et éthanolique de Salvia

officinalis (avec différentes concentrations, sur la

physico-chimie de l’acier inoxydable 304 a été

étudié par la méthode de l’angle de contact.

Ainsi, l’activité antiadhésive de ces différents

extraits a été évaluée, par l’utilisation de la

microscopie électronique à balayage

environnemental.

Les résultats ont montré qu’il y a une influence

significative de de l’huile essentielle et les

extraits utilisés sur les propriétés physico-

chimiques de la surface de l’acier inoxydable

304. Aussi, un changement dans le comportement

adhésif des bactéries sur cette surface a été

remarqué qui peut contribuer ainsi sur l’inhibition

ou le ralentissement du processus de la

biocorrosion.

Mots Clés : Salvia Officinalis, adhésion, acier

inoxydable, énergie de surface, MEB, angle de

contact

PIV-19 : Study of Antibacterial Activity of

Thymus capitatus Essential Oil and Its Use in

Orange Juice Preservation

Charfi S.*, Boujida N., Abrini J., Skali Senhaji

N.

Laboratory of Biology and Health, Team

Biotechnology and applied Microbiology,


University Abdelmalek Essaâdi, Tetouan,

Morocco

*E-mail: [email protected]

Abstract

Preserving food and extending its shelf life have

always been a central concern of food industry. In






this study, we evaluated the antibacterial activity

of Thymus capitatus essential oil (TCEO) and its

effect against pathogenic strains in orange juice

conserved at +5°C.

The antibacterial activity was studied using well

diffusion and broth dilution methods against

pathogenic strains of Escherichia coli O157:H7

CECT 4267, Listeria monocytogenes CECT 4032

and Staphylococcus aureus CECT 976. The effect

of the essential oil was evaluated against the same

strains inoculated separately in orange juice

treated with different concentrations of TCEO

(0.25%, 0.125%, 0.06% and 0.03%) and

conserved at +5°C.

Well diffusion assay showed inhibition zone

diameters between 31.3 and 35.25 mm. Broth

dilution method also revealed the antibacterial

activity of TCEO with a Minimum Inhibitory

Concentration (MIC) ranging between 0.25 and

0.125%. In orange juice, TCEO showed great

effect at all concentrations and against all tested

strains.

Thymus capitatus EO showed a great potential as

plant based preservative for enhancement of

juices shelf life. It can be proposed as an

alternative to synthetic preservatives to ensure

juices security.

Keywords : Thymus capitatus; essential oil;

orange juice

PIV-20 : Évaluation de l’Impact des

Températures de Stockage sur la Stabilité et

l’Activité Biocide des Huiles Essentielles

Formulées Cas de Tribolium castaneum

(Herbst) (Insecta, Tenebrionidae)

Ouchai M.¹, Kettab A.², Moussaoui K.³,

Djazoulli Z.E.⁴

1. College of Agronomy ENSA El-harrach belfort

Algiers (Algeria)

2. Research Polytechnic National School, Algiers,

Algeria

3. Université Saad Dahleb, Faculté des Sciences

Agronomiques, département d'Agronomie, Blida,

Algérie

4. ENSA, Alger, Algérie


[email protected]. [email protected]

[email protected] [email protected],

Abstract

Les céréales, comme d’autres denrées stockées,

subissent actuellement de graves problèmes

sanitaires. Les agents incriminés sont les

ravageurs primaires tels que (Sitophilus oryzae) et

les ravageurs secondaires entre autre (Tribolium

sp.).

La présente étude a porté sur l’évaluation de

l’effet biocide des huiles essentielles formulées

du thym et celui d’agrume, contre les adultes de

Tribolium rouge de la farine (Tribolium

castaneum), sous différents régimes thermiques.

Les résultats obtunus montrent que les différentes

molécules formulées ont un effet tardif (12h-14h-

16h-18h), sur les populations de Tribolium

castaneum à une température de stockage de

+20°C. Les mêmes résultats montrent un effet

marquant précoce du thymol et carvacrol sur les

individus de Tribolium castaneum par rapport au

limonène. La toxicité du thymol et le carvacrol se

distingue du limonène, dès 12h, et, exercent un

effet mortel très remarquable alors que le

limonène n’exprime sa toxicité qu’à partir de 14h.

Sous températures +20°C et +25°C, le thymol a

montré un degré d’efficacité plus important suivi

par le carvacrol, puis, le limonène qui présente

une efficacité faible. En revanche, à +28°C, le

carvacrol exprime un effet biocide très

appréciable par rapport aux deux autres

formulations thymol et Limonène.

Keywords : Thymus fontanesii, biopesticide,

huiles essentielles, molécules bioactives,

Tribolium castaneum, hydrodistillation

.

PIV-21 : Biological Activities of Essential Oils

and Ethanol Extracts of Teucrium polium

subsp. capitatum (L.) Briq. and Origanum

floribundum Munby

Kerbouche L. 1,2, Hazzit M.2

1. Université des Sciences et de la Technologie

Houari Boumediene, Faculté de Génie Mécanique

et Génie des Procédés, Département de Génie de

l'environnement, Bab Ezzouar, Algeria

2. Département de Technologie Alimentaire,

Ecole Nationale Supérieure Agronomique

(ENSA), El-Harrach, Algeria


Abstract









The present study was conducted to evaluate the

in vitro anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and

antimicrobial activities of the essential oils and

crude ethanol extracts of Teucrium polium subsp.

capitatum and Origanum floribundum from

Algeria.

A total of 78 and 55 constituents were identified,

representing 92 and 98.4% of the total chemical

composition of Teucrium and Origanum essential

oils, respectively. Monoterpenes (22%),

sesquiterpenes (31.2 %) and oxygenated

sesquiterpenes (25.5%) dominated in the oil of T.

polium with t-cadinol (18.3%), germacrene D

(15.3%) and β-pinene (10.5%); as predominant

compounds, while monoterpenes (51.3%) and

oxygenated monoterpenes (45.2%) were the most

prominent groups in O. floribundum oil

characterized by thymol (33.6%), γ-terpinene

(19.9%) and p-cymene (15.5%). The ethanol

extracts were analyzed, in terms of the dosage, in

total phenolic and flavonoids contents. Gallic acid

equivalent representing total phenolic

constituents of the extracts of T. polium and O.

floribundum were 175 and 250 mg GAE/g,

respectively, and quercetin equivalent

representing total flavonoids were 29.5 and 180

mg QE/g, respectively. The antioxidant potential

of the samples was evaluated, using two separate

methods, inhibition of free radical DPPH and

reducing power.

O. floribundum extract was the most able to

reduce DPPH (IC50=18.5±0.1 μg.mL-1). Both

plant oils were able to inhibit the 5-lipoxygenase.

L’IC50 was 125.7±7.3 μg.mL-1 for Origanum and

482.52±0.73 μg.mL-1 for T. polium. The

antimicrobial activity of the oils and Origanum

extract against four bacteria and one fungus

showed O. floribundum as being more active.

Keywords : anti-inflammatory, antioxidant,

antimicrobial, GC-MS, Teucrium polium,

Origanum floribundum

PIV-22 : Chemical Composition Antioxidant

and Genotoxicity of Essential oil of Origanum

compactum

Sbayou H.1, Boumaza A.2, Talbi H.1, Talha I.1,

Hilali A.1, Amghar S.3*

1. Laboratory of Agrofood and Health, Faculty of

Sciences and Technologies, University Hassan

1er, Settat, Morocco

2. Faculty of S.NV.S.T.U, Guelma, Algeria

3. Laboratory for Improved Soil Productivity and

Environment, University Mohammed V, Higher

Normal School, Rabat, Morocco


Abstract

Essential oils extracted from various herbs and

aromatic plants have been a subject of intensive

research, due to the continuous discoveries of

their multifunctional properties other than their

classical roles as food additives and or fragrances.

Essential oils are known to possess several

biological properties, including antibacterial,

antioxidant, antifungal, insecticidal and

anticancer activities.

Because of its geographical location, Morocco

has favorable conditions, for the development of

a rich and varied flora with a significant potential

of medicinal and aromatic plants. The

exploitation of this potential became an important

and promising sector for the country.

In this context, the aim of this work, was to study

the chemical composition of essential oil of

Origanum compactum by GC-MS and its

antioxidant activities by three methods : DPPH

free radical scavenging, β-carotene linoleic acid

and thiobarbituric acid reactive species (TBARS)

assay. We also investigated genotoxic effect, on

human peripheral blood lymphocytes, using

micronucleus assay (MN) and proliferation index

(PI).

The GC-MS analysis showed that the major

constituents of Origanum compactum essential oil

were carvacrol (43.97%), p-cymene (17.78%) and

thymol (11.56%). In all methods, the tested

essential oil showed a strong antioxidant activity.

This could be attributed to the phenolic

compounds present at high concentration in this

oil. The PI value were influenced by the essential

oil. Also, the inrease in concentration of essential

oil causes the appearance of micronuclei.

Our results suggest the potential use of Origanum

compactum as an antioxidant agent. However,

further studies are necessary to comfirm

genotoxic effect.

Keywords : Origanum compactum, antioxidant

activity, human lymphocytes, proliferation index,

micronucleus test





PIV-23 : Phytochemistry of the Essential Oil of

Illicium verum Preventive Approach Against

the Pathogenic Bacteria

Taroq A.*, El Kamari F., El Atki Y., Aoum I.,

Lyoussi B., Abdellaoui A.

Laboratory of Physiology Pharmacology and

Environmental Health, Department of Biology,

Faculty of Sciences Dhar Mehraz, University Sidi

Mohamed Ben Abdellah, Fez, Morocco


Abstract

To determine the phytochemical characterization

and antibacterial activity of Illicium verum

essential oil against five bacteria responsible for

some infections.

The phytochemical characterization of essential

oil was evaluated, using gas chromatography-

flame ionization detector and gas

chromatography-mass spectrometer analysis.

Antibacterial activity of the oil was tested against

four bacterial strains responsible for infections

Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumonia,

Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and

Proteus mirabilis, using disc diffusion method.

The essential oils obtained by hydrodistillation of

the fruit of Illicium verum, whose main

component is trans-Anethole (70-94%), estragole,

limonene, (Z)-anethole, pinene, β-phellondrene

and α-terpineol. Antibacterial activity of the oil

showed the higher activity against all bacterial

strains tested.

The results obtained suggest that the essential oils

of Illicium verum be used in the treatment of

diseases caused by the bacteria testes and serve as

a biomolecule source for pharmaceutical

industries.

Keywords : Illicium verum, essential oils,

phytochemestry, antibacterial activity, infection

PIV-24 : Antibacterial Activity of Essential

Oils Extracts from Cinnamon, Thyme, Clove

and Geranium against a Gram Negative and

Gram Positive Pathogenic Bacteria

Oulkheir S.1*, Aghrouch M.2, El Mourabit F.1,

Dalha F.1, Graich H.1, Amouch F.1, Ouzaid K.1,

Moukale A.3, Chadli S.1

1. High Institute of Nursing and Technical of

Health, Agadir, Morocco

2. Laboratory of Medical Analysis, Hospital

Hassan II, Agadir, Morocco

3. Faculty of Sciences, Ibn Zohr University,

Agadir, Morocco


Abstract

Essential oils and other extracts of plants have

evoked have been screened, for their potential

uses as alternative remedies, for the treatment of

many infectious diseases.

In this context, the aim of this study was to

investigate the antibacterial activity of the

essential oils, from Cinnamon, Thyme, Clove and

Geranium, against four strains of Gram negative

bacteria and two Gram positive bacteria.

The in vitro antimicrobial effects of these

essential oils was determined by the disc

diffusion method. The Minimum Inhibitory

Concentration (MIC) was evaluated, by using the

broth serial dilution method and Minimum

Bactericidal Concentration values (MBC) were

defined, as the lowest concentration of sample

which resulted in ≥99.9% kill of the initial

inoculum. The antibacterial effect was deemed

bactericidal or bacteriostatic, depending on the

ratio MB/CMI.

Cinnamon possesses an important antimicrobial

activity against all tested microbes, with the

inhibition zones ranging from 26 to 32 mm. The

essential oils of thyme and Clove showed the

antibacterial activity, with inhibition zones at 16-

22 mm and 16-20 mm, respectively. However,

the Geranium essential oil failed to inhibit any of

the tested strains. Both Gram-positive and Gram-

negative bacteria were resistant to this essential

oil.

Results according to the MICs and MBCs

revealed that the essential oil from Cinnamon

showed the most remarkable bactericidal effect.

This essential oil might be exploited as natural

antibiotic for the treatment of several infectious

diseases caused by the pathogens germs and

conservation agents in the food.

Keywords : essential oils, pathogenic bacteria,

antibacterial activity, cinnamon, thyme, clove





P-IV-25 : Chemical Composition and

Antibacterial Activity of Moroccan Thymus

satureioides Essential Oil

Ou-Yahia D.1*, Chraibi M.1, Farah A.2,3, Fikri

Benbrahim K.1


Faculty of Science and Technology, Saïss Sidi


Morocco

2. Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry,

Faculty of Science and Technology, Saïss Sidi


Morocco

3. Agency of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants,

Taounate, Morocco


Abstract

In order to increase the Moroccan T. satureioides

value, the chemical composition and antibacterial

activity of its essential oil were evaluated.

Analysis by gas chromatography-mass

spectrometry gave as major compounds, borneol

(34.26%), carvacrol (31.21%) and E-

caryophyllene (6.32%). The antibacterial activity

was carried out against pathogenic bacteria which

are frequent and cause problems in the medical

and food fields.

The study of antibacterial activity was performed

on Gram positive bacteria Bacillus subtilis,

Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus,

Micrococcus luteus and Gram-negative bacteria

Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and

Salmonella thyphimirium by the microdilution

method.

According to the results of the Minimal inhibitory

Concentration (MIC) we can conclude that the

essential oil has antimicrobial potential vis-à-vis

all microorganisms studied. Bacillus cereus was

the most sensitive strain against the essential oil

with an MIC of 0,015% while Pseudomonas

aeruginosa was the most resistant one with an

MIC of 1%.

PIV-26 : Biological Investigations of

Antioxidant, Antimicrobial Properties and

Chemical Composition of Essential Oil from

Warionia saharae

Sellam K.

Laboratory of Environment and Health,

Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences and

Techniques, Errachidia, Morocco


Abstract

Several aromatic plants and their essential oils are

known to possess antimicrobial and antioxidant

properties. Warionia saharae Benth & Coss, an

endemic species of North Africa, is traditionally

used in the treatment of inflammatory diseases

such as rheumatoid arthritis and for

gastrointestinal disorders.

The aims of this study were to examine the

chemical composition of the essential oil

isolated from W.saharae and to test the efficacy

of the essential oil as a potential antimicrobial

and antioxidant.

The essential oil was investigated by gas

chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS).

Thirty-six compounds, accounting 96.8% of

total oil with 1.1% oil yield were identified. The

major compents of W. saharae essential oils were

β-eudesmol (24.6%), trans-nerolidol (18.2%),

linalool (16.8%), 1,8 cineole (6.2%), camphor

(4.6%), p-cymene (3.7%) and terpinen-4-ol

(3.6%).

In this study, we analyzed biological activities of

Warionia essential oil from Errachidia region,

Morocco. Indeed, we investigated mainly, the

antimicrobial activity against four referenced and

representative human

diseases health bacteria. Also, this essential oil

was tested against phytopathogenic fungi.

The results showed that W. saharae oil exhibited

significant antibacterial and antifungal activities,

with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC),

ranging between 0.039 and 0.156 mg.mL-1, for

all bacteria and remarkable antifungal effect

that exceeds 50% inhibition of mycelial growth

for all fungal strains. We also checked whether

this oil exhibited an antioxidant

property via radical scavenging ability

and antioxidant activity, determined by 2,2-

diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay and β-

carotene bleaching test.

Our results show an important antioxidant

property for W.saharae essential oil.

mailto:*E-mail%20:%[email protected]





Keywords : antimicrobial activity, antioxidant

activity, chemical composition, essential oil,

Warionia saharae

PIV-27 : Étude de l’Activité Antifongique des

Huiles Essentielles de Thymus saturoides et

Thymus leptobotrys sur des Levures du genre

Candida

Elhidar N.1*, Kasrati A.2, Abbad A.2, Hassani

L.1, Mezrioui N.1


des Microorganismes, Faculté des Sciences

Semlalia, Université Cadi Ayyad, Marrakech,

Maroc

2. Laboratoire de Biotechnologie, Protection et

Valorisation des Ressources Végétales, Faculté

des Sciences Semlalia, Université Cadi Ayyad,

Marrakech, Maroc


Abstract

Au cours de ces dernières décennies, et, malgré

les traitements antifongiques, actuellement

disponibles, l’incidence des infections fongiques

a augmenté d’une façon alarmante, provoquant

ainsi un taux de morbidité et de mortalité assez

élevé. De même, l’utilisation abusive et la

prescription immodérée de ces antifongiques ont

causé une apparition de souches résistantes aux

différentes classes d’antibiotiques classiques. La

découverte de nouveaux agents antifongiques est

devenue donc une nécessité et l’exploration des

ressources naturelles apparaît comme une voie de

recherche très prometteuse.

Dans ce contexte, nous avons évalué l’effet

antifongique de deux huiles essentielles extraites

à partir de deux plantes médicinales endémiques

marocaines à savoir Thymus saturoides et Thymus

leptobotrys. L’analyse qualitative de l’activité

antifongique de ces deux huiles essentielles a été

réalisée, par l’utilisation de la méthode de

diffusion par disque, sur milieu gélosé et les

concentrations minimales inhibitrices (CMI) et

fongicides (CMF) on été réalisées, par la

méthode de macro-dilution en milieux liquide.

Le test de diffusion par disque a montré que les

deux extraits des huiles essentielles exercent une

activité antifongique vis-à-vis de 5 souches de

levure du genre Candida (deux souches de C.

albicans, C. glabrata, C. krusei, C. parapsilosis).

L’huile essentielle de T. leptobotrys est dotée

d’une très forte activité inhibitrice vis-à-vis de

toutes les souches testées, avec un diamètre

d’inhibition variant entre 33 et 60 mm, tandis que

l’huile essentielle de T. saturoides exerçait une

forte activité sur seulement deux souches de C.

albicans, avec un diamètre d’inhibition qui varie

entre 30 et 32 mm.

Le test de CMI a révélé que les deux huiles

essentielles testées semblent exercer une action

fongicide sur les 5 souches du genre Candida,

avec un rapport CMF/CMI strictement inferieur à

4.

Mots Clés : infections fongiques, antifongiques,

huiles essentielles, Thymus, Candida

PIV-28 : in vivo Antimicrobial Activity of

Methanolic Extract of Zygophyllum album

against Bacillus subtilis

Belmimoun A.1*, Meddah B.1, Meddah Tir

Touil A.1, Tou A.2, Sonnet P.3

1. Laboratory of Research, Bioconversion,

Engineering Microbiology and Health Safety,

University of Mascara, Mascara, Algeria

2. UHC Sidi Belabess, Sidi Belabbess, Algeria

3. Laboratory of glucides, Team Thera FRE-

CNRS 3517, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of

Picardie, Amiens, France *E-mail : [email protected]

Abstract

The principal objective of our study was to

investigate the in vivo anti-Bacillus activity and

the safety of methanolic extract of Zygophyllum

album (Z. album), a plant commonly used in

Algeria by traditional healers.

The methods use Bacillus subtilis-infected rat

model was used, for the study. The physiological

and histopathological markers of possible side

effects of this extract were studied, using standard

methods. The extract had a significant effect on

the number of viable Bacillus subtilis recovered

from faeces, and could stop bacillosis, after 8 and

10 days of treatment, for male rats, with non-

toxic dose. However, the histopathological

analyses revealed that at the same dose (800

mg.kg-1) the curatif technique, with methanolic




extract could induce better antibacterial effect

than the preventif one.

So all the overall results indicate that the

methanolic extract of Z. album has the potential

to provide an effective treatment for bacillosis.

However, it is necessary to extrapolate these

results in large animals, in further studies.

Keywords : Zygophyllum album, Bacillus

subtilis, infection, safety

PIV- 29 : Composition Chimique et Activité

Antimicrobienne de l’Huile Essentielle de

Juniperus communis L. ( Genévrier )

Benzaid C.*, Djeribi R.

Département de Biochimie, Université Badji

Mokhtar, Annaba, Algérie


Abstract

Cette étude a pour objectif la recherche, à travers

un screening, de la composition chimique et

de l’effet antimicrobien de l’huile essentielle de

Juniperus communis L., utilisée en médecine

traditionnelle, afin de pouvoir utiliser de

nouvelles molécules et contrer le problème de

santé mondial, soit la résistance aux antibiotiques.

La composition chimique de l’huile essentielle est

déterminée par les méthodes CPG et CPG/SM.

Nous avons étudié 4 espèces bactériennes, sur la

base de leur fréquence d’isolement clinique

Escherichia coli, P.mirabilis, Staphylococcus

aureus et A. baumanii et la levure C. albicans. La

méthode de l’aromatogramme, pour mettre en

évidence l’action des huiles essentielles, en

parallèle de l’antibiogramme de ces mêmes

souches, a été effectuée.

Le calcul de la CMI et de la CMB est aussi

effectué, sur milieu solide avec des dilutions

décimales des huiles essentielles.

L’huile essentielle de Genévrier récoltée à

Médea, en Algérie, donnent 2,51% d’essence par

hydrodistillation. Par CPG et CPG/SM, trente six

composés ont été identifiés représentant 91,9% de

l’essence totale. L’α-pinène (22,60%), le Bicyclol

(12,71%), limonene (9,75%), le borneol (4,96%),

le β-myrcene (3,70%), le D-limonene (4,06%) et

le camphene (2,12%) sont les principaux

constituants.

L’huile essentielle est active in vitro contre les

bactéries Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis,

Staphylococcus aureus et A. baumanii et la levure

C. albicans, avec des diamètres d’inhibition allant

de 15 à 40 mm, selon les souches, avec une

inhibition marquée de C. albicans.

L’huile essentielle a montré une forte activité

contre tous les microorganismes. Chez les

bactéries, Escherichia coli et Staphylococcus

aureus ont manifesté une certaine résistance

jusqu’à 1/5000 (v/v). C. albicans a été

complètement inhibée à 1/2000 (v/v).

En comparant les aromatogrammes et les

antibiogrammes, on note une activité intéressante

de l’huile essentielle sur les souches utilisées, et,

surtout, C.albicans qui mérite une exploitation

plus approfondie et des applications visant à

inhiber les infections microbiennes et la

formation de biofilm.

Mots Clés : Genévrier, CPG/SM,

aromatogramme, CMI, CMB

PIV-30 : Potentiation of the Antibacterial

Effect of Thymus satureioides and Pelargonium

asperum Essential Oils against Salmonella

enterica subsp. enterica (serovar

Typhimurium) by Binary Combination

Chraibi M.1, Farah A.2, Balouiri M.1, Lebrazi

S.1, Sadiki M.1, Rais C.3, Fikri-Benbrahim K.1



Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah, Fez, Morocco

2. Departement de Chimie, Faculté des

Sciences et Techniques, Université Sidi

Mohamed Ben Abdellah, Fez, Morocco

3. Laboratoire d’Écologie Fonctionnelle et


Techniques, Université Sidi Mohamed Ben

Abdellah, Fez, Morocco

Abstract

This study investigates the antibacterial effect of

the single and, for the first time, the combined

application of T. satureioides and P. asperum

essential oils toward Salmonella enterica subsp.

enterica (serovar Typhimurium).




Essential oils were obtained from plants

harvested in Morocco. The antibacterial activity

of each essential oil was assessed in vitro, using

disk-diffusion and microdilution methods. The

antibacterial effect of the combined application of

the studied essential oils was assessed by the

checkerboard method followed by the fractional

inhibitory concentration index calculation.

Both essential oils showed remarkable in vitro

antibacterial effects against Salmonella enterica

subsp. enterica (serovar Typhimurium), with the

same MIC (0.125% v/v). Moreover, the study of

their antibacterial combined effect has generated

five combinations and three types of interaction.

The most effective showed a partial synergistic

interaction, which contains (½ MIC T.

satureioides + ¼ MIC P. asperum) with a FIC

index of 0.744. All combinations generated did

not show any antagonistic interaction, between

both essential oils against the target bacterium.

The results demonstrated the potential of the

combined application of the two studied essential

oils, in the control of Salmonella enterica subsp.

enterica (serovar Typhimurium) pathogen.

Keywords : antimicrobial, essential oil,

combined application, checkerboard method,

interaction

PIV-31 : Effet Protecteur de Deux Huiles

Essentielles sur le Protozoaire Tetrahymena

thermophila

Mar Papa D. 1, El Khalfi B. 1, Errachidi F.1,

Soukri A.1

1. Laboratoire de Physiopathologie Génétique

Moléculaire et Biotechnologie, Faculté des

Sciences Aïn Chock, Casablanca, Maroc

Abstract

Les plantes médicinales représentent une

alternative efficace et une méthode de prévention

des maladies, mais, également, restent toujours la

source fiable des principes actifs connus par leurs

propriétés thérapeutiques. Les huiles essentielles

sont un véritable concentré de plantes qui est

défini par un produit huileux, volatil et odorant.

Ces essences représentent de nombreuses

propriétés, notamment, des propriétés

antiseptiques, anti-inflammatoires, anti-

cicatrisantes, antimicrobiennes et autres …

Dans ce contexte, on s’est intéressé à

évaluer une nouvelle propriété des huiles

essentielles qui est l’effet protecteur. Pour ce

faire, nous avons choisi deux huiles essentielles

de Rosmarinus officinalis et Eucalyptus globulus

connues pour leur vertus, afin de tester leur effet

protecteur sur la forme et la croissance d’une

cellule de type eucaryotique, en utilisant comme

modèle le protozoaire Tetrahymena thermophila

considéré parmi les protozoaires le plus souvent

utilisé en recherche, vu que ce sont des cellules

qui combinent la complexité biologique des

eucaryotes et l’accessibilité expérimentale des

organismes unicellulaires.

Le test de l’effet protecteur des deux huiles

essentielles sur le protozoaire a montré que ce

dernier est capable de se multiplier et croître en

présence des huiles essentielles, seulement à des

concentrations relativement faibles. Aussi, selon

nos objectifs, ces huiles essentielles pourront être

utilisées, en tant que protecteur du protozoaire,

contre les contaminations microbiennes, comme

elles seront utilisées, pour ralentir sa croissance,

par conséquent, diminuer le taux des repiquages.

Mots Clés : protozoaire, huiles essentielles, effet

protecteur, contamination, dispersion

PIV-32 : Composition and Antibacterial

Activity of Hydro-Alcohol and Aqueous

Extracts Obtained from Moroccan Plants of

the Lamiaceae Family against Pathogenic

Strains

Ramdan B.1, El Malki F.2, Nhiri M.1

1. Department of Biology, Laboratory of

Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of

Science and Technology, University Abdelmalek

Essaadi, Tangier Morocco

2. Department of Research, Pasteur Institute of

Morocco, Tangier, Morocco

Abstract

The aim of this study was to evaluate the in vitro

antibacterial activity of ethanol and aqueous

extracts of Moroccan plants, from the Lamiaceae

family, against five bacterial strains regularly

implicated in toxi-infections.




The antibacterial activity of extracts was

evaluated by agar-well diffusion method,

minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC),

minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) and

CI50 against six food borne bacteria (Bacillus

cereus, Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus

aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas

aeruginosa and Salmonella enterica). Qualitative

and quantitative detection of chemical groups

were also evaluated.

The qualitative and quantitative detection of

chemical compounds showed that the ethanol

extracts of the Lmiaceae family plants were rich

in polyphenols, with middling values of

flavonoids, and relatively poor in condensed

tannins. In addition, we note the presence of

saponins, essential oils, irroides, alkaloids,

anthocyanins and aldehydes.

The results revealed a sensitivity of the five

germs to all the extracts tested. In liquid medium,

the action of the extracts was directly bactericidal

for B. cereus and L. monocytogenes. For the other

strains, especially, P. aeruginosa, the MBC value

was twice that MIC. However, the ethanol extract

(EE) of O. majorana and T. satureioides showed

the highest antibacterial activity against the five

strains, with a bactericidal effect.

According to these results, the microplate method

was more reliable than solid medium method.

While, ethanol was the best solvent in the

concentration of the plant active compounds. In

addition, the antimicrobial activities of these

plants extracts could justify their therapeutic use,

in traditional medicine, in the treatment of many

microbial infections.

Keywords : antibacterial activity, Lamiaceae

family, phenolic compounds, Flavonoic content,

hydro-alcohol extract, aqueous extract

PIV-33 : Caractérisation Chimique par

GC/MS de l’Huile Essentielle d’Origanum

compactum de Région de Meknès

Elhourri M.1*, El Idrissi M.1, Amechrouq A.1,

Lemrhari A.2

1. Laboratoire de Chimie Moléculaire et

Substances Naturelles, Université Moulay Ismail,

Faculté des Sciences, Meknès, Maroc

2. Laboratoire de Biotechnologie des Plantes et

de Biologie Moléculaire, Université Moulay

Ismail, Faculté des Sciences, Meknès, Maroc


Abstract

L’origan à fleurs compactes est une espèce

endémique du Maroc et de l’Espagne

méridionale. C’est une espèce qui pousse dans les

forêts, les broussailles et les pâturages rocailleux

de la plaine et des basses montagnes. La floraison

a lieu en Mai-Juillet. Sur le plan biogéographique

Origanum compactum pousse dans le Rif, le

Tangérois, le Maroc centro-septentrional, le nord

du Maroc occidental, l’ouest du Maroc

méridional, le Haouz, le Haut atlas et le sud de la

péninsule ibérique.

La partie aérienne a été récoltée, au mois de Mai

(2010), dans la région de Meknès, située au

centre du Maroc. Après sept jours de séchage, à

l’air libre et à l’ombre, l’extraction des huiles

essentielles a été réalisée, par hydrodistillation,

dans un appareil de type Clevenger. La

distillation à durée 3 heures.

L’huile essentielle ainsi obtenue est séchée sur

sulfate de sodium anhydre, puis, stockée à une

température de +4°C. Les huiles essentielles ainsi

obtenues ont été fractionnées, par

chromatographie sur colonne (CPL). L’analyse

chromatographique de l’huile essentielle brute et

les fractions ont été effectuées avec un

chromatographe en phase gazeuse (Trace GC

ULTRA) couplée à la spectrométrie de masse

(Polaris Q MS à traque ionique).

L’analyse par chromatographie en phase gazeuse

couplée à la spectrométrie de masse (CPG/SM)

montre la présence de Thymol (56,41%), le 3-

Carène (13,56%) et le Phellandrène (8,64%)

comme produits majoritaires, dans l’huile

essentielle brute d’Origanum compactum, alors

que le trans-Caryophyllène (19,42%), le

Carvacrol (91,25%) et l’acétate d’ocimenyle

(33,66%) sont les composés majoritaires,

respectivement, pour les fractions F1, F2 et F3.

Mots Clés : Origanum compactum, GC/MS,

thymol, phellandrène, trans-caryophyllène,

carvacrol, acétate d’ocimenyle

PIV-34 : Effect of Polyphenols extracted from

Honey on Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus

aureus

Belmimoun A.1, Belkhodja H.1, Meddah B.1





1. Laboratory of Research Microbiology and

Safety Engineering, Department of Biology,

University of Mascara, Mascara, Algeria


Abstract

Infections of Methicillin Resistant

Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) have different

problems of nosocomial infectious diseases, in

addition to multidrug resistance.

Our work is a contribution to the evaluation of the

antimicrobial effect of four (04) polyphenolic

extracts of honey harvested from different sites,

in the Algerian territory, on the one hand, and, the

study of the physicochemical, microbiological,

sensory and pollen of other.

The results clearly show the impact of

polyphenolic extracts of honey, on bacterial

susceptibility. This inhibitory effect was found

for the four samples tested with varying

efficiency of the polyphenolic extract of which

the polyphenolic extract of Jijel is the most

inhibitor with MIC=0.095µL.

This activity is linked not only to the type of

polyphenols, but, also, to the physicochemical,

microbiological, sensory and honey botanical

origin.

Keywords : antibacterien effect, MRSA,

nosocomials infections, honey, polyphenols

PIV-35 : Comparing the Antimicrobial

Potential of Sahara Honey from Algeria and

Manuka Honey against Urogenital

Microorganisms

Moussa A.1,2*, Baghdad K.2, Aissat S.1,2, Djebli

N.1

1. Institute of Veterinary Sciences, University

Ibn-Khaldoun, Algeria

2. Pharmacognosy and Api Phytotherapy

Research Laboratory, Mostaganem University,

Mostaganem, Algeria


Abstract

Various studies have been conducted, to

investigate the antimicrobial properties of honey,

from different parts of the world. To date, no

extensive studies of the antimicrobial properties

of Sahara honey (SH) on urogenital

microorganisms have been conducted.

The objectives of this study were to conduct such

studies and to compare the antimicrobial activity

of SH with Manuka honey (MH).

Several unifloral SH and MH were analyzed to

determine their total phenolic, color and

antimicrobial capacities. The Folin-Ciocalteu

assay was used to measure phenol content. Two

different assays were performed to evaluate the

antimicrobial potential of the honey samples :

agar-well and disk diffusion assay. The honey

samples were tested without dilution and at 50

and 25% (w/v) dilution.

The means of the total phenolic contents of SH

and MH were 82.8±0.23 and 143.5±0.62 mg.100

g-1 honey as gallic acid equivalent, respectively.

Initial screening with the agar-well and disk

diffusion assay demonstrated that undiluted

honey had greater antimicrobial activity against

all isolates tested. The zones of inhibition values

of SH and MH against different strains ranged

from 15 to 27.5 mm and 16.5-24mm,

respectively. In addition, the honey showed

diameter of the upper region of the inhibition of

microbes when the two isolates were mixed.

This is the first report on antimicrobial effect of

SH against urogenital microorganisms. This work

demonstrates the potential of Sahara honey is a

very good trend, in the treatment for

polymicrobial infections.

Keywords : antimicrobial activity, sahara honey,

Manuka honey

PIV-36 : Antibacterial Activity of Crude Plant

Extracts of Crataegus oxyacantha and Cistus

salviifolus Against Three Staphylococcus

Strain

Zeouk I.1, BalouiriM.1, Sadiki M.1, Bekhti K.1


Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, Sidi


Morocco

Abstract

Dermatosis is a major problem of public health,

in developing countries and, especially, in rural





areas. Furthermore, today the germs causing these

cutaneous infections are becoming increasingly

resistant to antimicrobials, hence the need to

return to the traditional medicine, recommended

by the World Health Organization.

In this context, this study aims to investigate the

antibacterial effect of two crude plant extracts

from Sefrou, selected on the basis of an

ethnobotanical study.

The extract AZ and IMT are respectively

obtained from plants Crataegus oxyancantha and

Cistus salviifolius, using methanolic extraction.

Then, both plant extracts were subjected to an in

vitro antibacterial testing, against three strains

belonging to Staphylococcus genus.

The results have shown that both extracts exercise

an inhibitory activity against all the tested

bacteria. The determination of minimum

inhibitory concentrations (MIC) showed that both

S. aureus MR strains expressed the same

susceptibility behavior against the studied

extracts, while S. epidermidis was resistant to AZ

extract and very susceptible to IMT.

This preliminary report shows that both selected

plants could be a promising source of new anti-

Staphylococcus agents, however, further analysis

in depth are requested to contribute to the

successful application of these natural products,

in order to control dermatosis.

Keywords : dermatosis, Crataegus oxyacantha,

Cistus salviifolius, anti-Staphylococcus activity,

bacteria, natural products

PIV-37 : Activité Antimicrobienne de

Cladophialophora et Trichoderma,

Mycoendophytes Foliaires d’Urtica dioica

(Ortie Commune)

Salmi D.1, Titouche Y.1, Riba A.3, Smail-

Saadoun N.2, Houali K.1

1. Laboratoire LABAB, Faculté des Sciences

Biologiques et Agronomiques, Université

Mouloud Mammeri, Tizi-Ouzou, Algeria

2. Laboratoire Ressources Naturelles, Faculté des

Sciences Biologiques et Agronomiques,

Université Mouloud Mammeri, Tizi-Ouzou,

Algeria

3. Faculté des Sciences, Département de Biologie,

Université M’hamed Bougara, Boumerdès,

Algeria


Abstract

Urtica dioica est une plante vivace herbacée,

appartenant à la famille des Urticacées,

considérée, depuis l’antiquité, comme une

importante ressource phytogénétique. Les

mycoendophytes favorisent la croissance et

confèrent au végétal une meilleure résistance à

divers pathogènes.

Pour mettre en évidence la contribution des

mycoendophytes d’Urtica dioica, dans les vertus

thérapeutiques de cette plante, nous avons étudié

l’activité antifongique de deux genres de

mycoendophytes provenant de fragments de

feuilles stérilisées et ensemencées sur milieu

PDA, à savoir Cladophialophora et Trichoderma

vis-à-vis d’Aspergillus flavus, plusieurs espèces

de Fusarium, Penicillium glabrum, P. sp et

Botrytis cinerea, en utilisant la technique de la

double culture qui consiste à mettre en contacte

direct les mycoendophytes et les souches

pathogènes. Nous avons aussi recherché l’activité

antibactérienne de ces mycoendophytes vis-à-vis

des souches E. coli ATCC 25922, Euterococcus

feacalis ATCC 49452 et 0409p), Pseudomonas

aeruginosa ATCC 27853, Klebsiella

pneumoniae ATCC 4352, Citrobacter freundii

ATCC 8090, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC

43300 et 25923) et Bacillus cereus ATCC 10876.

Cladophialophora a présenté une activité

antibactérienne vis-à-vis de toutes les souches

testées, à l’exception d’Enterococcus feacalis

ATCC 0409p et aucune activité antifongique. Par

contre, Trichoderma a présenté une activité

antifongique et n’a montré aucune activité

antibactérienne.

L’ortie est une plante très utilisée, en agriculture

et en médecine traditionnelle. Ces vertus

pourraient s’expliquer par la présence de ces

mycoendophytes, au niveau de son appareil

végétatif.

Mots Clés : Urtica dioica, mycoendophytes

foliaires, activité antifongique, Trichoderma,

Cladophialophora, activité antibactérienne

PIV-38 : Antibiotic Resistance and Incidence

of Virulence Determinants en Enterococci




Cherroud sanâa, Arakrak Abdelhay, Bakkali

Mohammed, Laglaoui Amin*

Équipe de Recherche Biotechnologies et Génie

des Biomolécules, Faculté des Sciences et

Techniques, Université Abdelmalek Essaâdi,

Tanger, Maroc

*E-mail : [email protected].

Abstract

The aim of our study was to type enterococci

from artisanal goat cheese by genotypic methods

and to determine antibiotic susceptibility and the

presence of virulence determinants.

In this study, 250 Enterococcus strains, isolated

from goat cheese, were investigated, 205

Enterococcus faecalis and 38 Enterococcus

faecium. Their sensitivity to antibiotics

(Tetracycline, Penicillin, Chloramphenicol,

Ampicillin, Teicoplanin, Vancomycin,

Erythromycin, Kanamycin and Clindamycin) was

tested by disc diffusion method.

The results indicated that E. faecium possess

considerably lower antibiotic resistance than E.

faecalis. No vancomycin resistance was observed,

in all Enterococcus isolates. The presence of

virulence genes (efaAfs, efaAfm, esp, agg, cylM,

cylB, cylA, cylLL, cylLs, fsr, and gelE) was

determined by PCR. The majority of enterococcal

isolates showed availability of one or more

virulence factors. efaAfs+ gelE+ and agg+ were

the most frequent genotypes (35.5%). E. faecalis

isolates harboured multiple virulence traits,

whereas E. faecium isolates were generally free

of virulence determinants.

Keywords : Enterococci, antibiotic resistance,

virulence determinants

PIV-39 : Biodegradation of Oleuropein by

Lactobacillus pentosus S150 Isolated from

Spontaneous fermentation of Moroccan Green

Olives

Rokni Y.1*, Ghabbour N.1, Lamzira Z.1,

Bellaouchi R.1, Chihib N.E.2, Saalaoui E.1,

Asehraou A.1*

1. Laboratory of Biochemistry and

Biotechnology, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed

Premier University, Oujda, Morocco

2. INRA-UMR UMET 8207, Équipe PIHM,

CNRS-INRA, Université de Lille, Villeneuve

d’Ascq Cedex, France


/[email protected]

Abstract

Oleuropein is a phenolic glycoside found, in the

bark, leaves and fruit of the olive tree, as well as

in some other genera of the Oleaceae. The most

abundant phenolic substance, in the drupe, is

oleuropein, a bitter natural compound responsible

for the bitterness of olive fruits. It was known by

its inhibitory effect on the lactic acid bacteria,

highly desired to assure the natural lactic

fermentation process. However, isolation of

strains with oleuropein biodegradation property is

in progress.

Among 250 isolates, we selected 15 strains

showing high degradation capacity of oleuropein,

including Lactobacillus pentosus S150. This

strain was studied for its in vitro biodegradation

capacity, in modified MRS broth containing

oleuropein (1%). The parameters including

biomass, pH, free acidity, reducing sugars,

oleuropein contents and its hydrolysis products

were analyzed during the incubation at +30°C.

After 12 days of incubation, the results obtained

showed a decrease of pH, oleuropein and

reducing sugars, with a simultaneous increase of

biomass, free acidity and hydroxytyrosol.

These results confirm the oleuropein

biodegradation capacity of Lactobacillus

pentosus S150 associated with acidification and

biomass development which may lead to its use

as starter for controlled fermentation of non alkali

treated green olives.

Keywords : oleuropein, Lactobacillus pentosus,

starter, fermentation, olive

PIV-40 : Étude de Certaines Propriétés

Probiotiques des Souches de Bactéries

Lactiques et de Levures Isolées des Olives en

Fermentation

Ghomari I.1*, Rokni Y.2, Chihib N.E.2,

Asehraou A. 1


mailto:[email protected]%20/

mailto:[email protected]%20/





1. Laboratory of Biochemistry and

Biotechnology, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed

Premier University, Oujda, Morocco

2. INRA-UMR UMET 8207, Équipe PIHM,

CNRS-INRA, Université de Lille, Ville Neuve

d’Ascq Cedex, France


Abstract

Le Maroc est très connu par sa production en

olives de table. Il le 4ème exportateur mondial des

olives de table. Pour renforcer la compétitivité de

ce secteur, nous avons pensé à jouer sur le facteur

qualité, en particulier, les propriétés probiotiques,

et, ceci par la mise au point de ferments

composées principalement de souches de

bactéries lactiques et de levures autochtones aux

olives de table marocaines, en fermentation

naturelle. Ces souches sélectionnées doivent

résister à l’acidité gastrique ainsi qu’aux acides

biliaires, afin de parvenir vivantes dans le gros

intestin et de pouvoir y exercer une action

bénéfique.

Pour cela 224 souches de bactéries lactiques et

180 souches de levures ont été utilisées pour cette

étude. Jusqu’à présent, on a effectué plusieurs

tests à savoir la résistance aux pH acides (2, 2,5 et

3), la résistance à la bile (0,3%), l’hydrolyse de

l’arginine et de l’urée, la dégradation de

l’amidon, ainsi que d’autres tests sont cours

d’exécution.

Les résultats obtenus jusqu’à présent montrent la

capacité d’un grand nombre de ces souches à

dominer et à se développer dans les conditions du

tube digestif, à savoir le milieu acide, la présence

de la bile, ainsi que l’hydrolyse de l’urée et de

l’amidon.

Mots Clés : olives vertes, bactéries lactiques,

levures, probiotiques

PIV-41 : Diversity of Nematophagous fungus

Communities in Commercial Olive Nurseries

in Morocco

M. Aït Hamza1,2*, H. Tazi1, N. Ali3, Z. Ferji2,

J. Tavoillot 3, A. Moukhli 4, H. Lakhtar1, S.

Roussos5, L. Miché 6, H. Boubaker1, T.

Mateille3 A and A. El Mousadik1 A7

1. Université Ibn Zohr, Faculté des Sciences

d’Agadir, Laboratoire Biotechnologie et

Valorisation des Ressources Naturelles, Agadir,

Morocco

2. Institut Agronomique et Vétérinaire Hassan II,

Campus d’Agadir, Département de Protection des

Plantes, Agadir, Morocco

3. Institut National de la Recherche

Agronomique, Centre Régional de la Recherche

Agronomique, Marrakech, Morocco

4. Institut de Recherche pour le Développement,

Unité Mixte de Recherche Centre de Biologie

pour la Gestion des Populations, Campus de

Baillarguet, Montferrier-sur-Lez Cedex, France

5. Institut de Recherche pour le Développement,

Institut Méditerranéen de Biodiversité et

d'Écologie Marine et Continentale, Marseille,

France

Abstract

The plant-parasitic nematodes (PPN) are

important plant pests, in agriculture. Annual

losses caused by PPN are estimated from 8.8 to

14.6% of the world crop production (100-157

billion USD by year). In Morocco, nematode

parasitism is enhanced, in intensive cropping

systems (tomato, olive, …), especially, with root-

knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.). Because of

crop intensification and the adaptation of PPN to

chemical pesticides, the search of alternative

strategies for nematode control is necessary.

Biological control using nematophagous fungi is

one option, especially, at the nursery state before

planting. However, few studies have been

conducted with native strains.

Then, the present study aims at evaluating the

nematode population levels and isolating,

identifying and assessing the in vitro predatory

activity of Nematophagous fungi that had been

isolated in 25 commercial olive nurseries, in

contrasting soil substrates across five regions, in

Morocco (Souss-Massa, Haouz, Guerouane and

Sefiane). Among the 305 soil samples recovered

from these nurseries, conidial traps of nematode

destroying fungi were recorded, in all the areas

surveyed. Seventy-three pure isolates were

obtained. Diversity indices showed that the fungal

isolates were more numerous, in the Souss region

while the fungal communities were more

numerically alike, in the Guerouane region. In

vitro predatory activity of the fungal strains

against M. javanica juveniles showed that

Talaromyces assiutensis has been identified as

the most efficient nematophagous fungus. The

Arthrobotrys species, Drechslerella brochopaga





and the Monacrosporium species were able to

trap 50 to 80% of the nematode juveniles.

Paecilomyces and Trichoderma species were able

to kill 30 to 50% of the juveniles.

The development of such nematophagous fungi

as biocontrol agents can be considered.

Keywords : Nematophagous fungi, Meloidogyne,

olive nurseries, diversity, in vitro predation

PIV-42 : Diversité des Mycoendophytes

Foliaires chez Limoniastrum feei (Girard) Batt.

de Oued Aghlal (Béchar, Algérie)

Medjeber M.1,2, Smail Saadoun N.1, Saidi F.2

1. Laboratoire Ressources Naturelles, Université

Mouloud Mammeri, Tizi Ouzou, Algérie

2. Laboratoire de Biotechnologie, Environnement

et Santé, Université Blida, Blida, Algérie


Abstract

La plupart des plantes étudiées, dans les

écosystèmes naturels, sont infestées par des

champignons microscopiques, sans pour autant

qu'elles ne développent de symptômes

pathogènes. Ces microorganismes discrets

représentent une trame fongique importante et

diversifiée appelés endophytes. Ces symbiotes

fongiques, bien qu'ils soient invisibles et peu

connus sont importants. Leur fonction écologique

apparaît, de plus en plus évidente, puisqu'ils

participeraient activement à une meilleure

adaptation des plantes à leur environnement et

contribuent, par conséquent, au maintien de la

biodiversité végétale.

Dans ce travail, notre intérêt s’est porté sur les

mycoendophytes foliaires présents chez

Limoniastrum feei (de Gir.) Batt. de la région de

oued Aghlal (Béchar). L’espèce étudiée est

endémique du Sahara septentrional marocain et

algérien et appréciée pour ses propriétés

médicinales.

L’échantillonnage a concerné 23 sujets sains. 10

feuilles sont prélevées sur chaque pied pour être

ensemencées sur milieu PDA. L’incubation est

faite à température ambiante. Elle est suivie par

une identification morphologique (macroscopique

et microscopique). Après incubation, nous avons

obtenu un total de 444 isolats fongiques. Ces

derniers appartiennent à différentes espèces

fongiques. Les espèces du genre Penicillium

suivies de celles du genre Aspergillus

apparaissent comme les plus dominantes. Ces

deux genres sont connus pour leurs activités

antimicrobiennes. Ils pourraient donc contribuer

par leurs métabolites secondaires aux propriétés

médicinales de cette plante. De part cette richesse

remarquable de la mycoflore endophyte, les

feuilles de L. feei peuvent être considérées

comme un véritable hotspot de biodiversité

microbienne.

Mot Clés : Limoniastrum feei, mycoendophytes,

diversité foliaire, Béchar Algérie)

PIV-43 : Study of the Adhesion phenomena of

the Agent of Fire Blight to the host Malus spp.

(Apple)

Hakim T.1, Lakchri S.1, Zahir H.1, Latrache

H.1*

1 Laboratoire de Bioprocédés et Biointerfaces

Faculté de Sciences et Techniques, Béni Mellal,

Maroc


Abstract

Fire blight, the disease caused by Erwinia

amylovora, infects most species of the subfamily

Maloideae of the family Rosaceae.

This disease results in enormous economic looses

for producers of fruits like apple (Malus

domestica), pear (Pyrus communis) and quince

(Cydonia oblonga). Since 2006, the symptoms

were detected, in Morocco, and the disease has

spread, in most production zone of apple, in the

country. In order to prevent the infection to occur,

it is the must to understand the relation between

the bacteria and biofilm formation. As it is now

the adhesion of bacteria to substrata conducts to

biofilm formation and improves the efficiency of

bacteria activity and resistance to different kind

of stress.

This study was conducted to investigate the

adhesion phenomena. The samples (about 30)

were collected after a research of information

concerning the parcels infected in the region of

Béni Mellal. Medium agar KB was used to isolate






24 bacteria. We determined the physicochemical

characteristics and the surface tension with the

contact angle technic of different supposed causal

agent bacteria collected.

The results showed different profiles.

Keywords : fire blight, adhesion, biofilm, contact

angle, surface tension

PIV-44 : Induction of Resistance in Tomato

(Lycopersucum esculentum) Plants Treated

with Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and Its Effect

on the Advance of Stem Necrosis Caused by

Rhizoctonia solani

Ezziyyani M.1*, Hamdache A.2, Asraoui M. 2,

Lamarti A. 2, Requena A.M. 3, Requena M.E.,

Egea-Gilabert C.4, CastilloM.E.4

1. Université Abdelmalek Essaâdi, Faculté

Polydisciplinaire de Larache, Département

Sciences de la Vie, Larache, Maroc

2. Université Abdelmalek Essaâdi, Faculté des

Sciences, Département de Biologie, Laboratoire

de Biotechnologie et Amélioration des Plantes,

Tétouan, Maroc

3. Departamento de Biología Vegetal (Fisiología

Vegetal), Facultad de Biología, Universidad de

Murci, Murcia, España

4. Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología

Agraria, ETSIA, Universidad Politécnica de

Cartagena, Cartagena, España *E-mail : [email protected]

Abstract

Bacillus amyloliquefaciens has shown great

potential, for controlling plant diseases caused by

soil fungal pathogens. One of the possible

mechanisms responsable for the biocontrol of

plant diseases by antagonist microorganisms is

induction of systemic reactions.

The possible interaction of this mechanism, in the

reduction of disease caused by Rhizoctonia

solani, in tomato plants led us to study the effect

of B. amyloliquefaciens. We therefore analysed

the induction of systemic resistance, in the leaves

of tomato plants infected by decapitation of the

stem and inoculated with the antagonist through

the root.

We studied the dynamic of necrosis, in the

infected stems and the possible role of

peroxidases, in the defence mechanism involved,

in the plant-pathogen-antagonist interactions in

which peroxidases are known to play a

fundamental role in cell wall thickening throught

lignification, suberisation or the insolubilisation

of extensin monomers.

The effect of adding B. amyloliquefaciens

colonies to the roots diminished necrosis length,

implying that pathogenic infection slows down.

The antagonist fungus induces peroxidase

activity, thereby intensifying resistance. In

general, the peroxidase activity of acid proteins is

greater than that of basic proteins after

inoculation with the antagonist B.

amyloliquefaciens. The increase in peroxidase

activity seems to be directly related with the

defensive response of plants (lignification

responses), both systemic, in leaves, and direct, in

roots, where not only does the activity increase

but peroxidases that do not appear in the

untreated plants are produced “de novo”.

Keywords : Peroxidase, Tomato, Bacillus

amyloliquefaciens, Rhizoctonia solani, Induction

of resistance

PIV-45 : Effect of Some Antagonistic Bacterial

Strains on the Mycelial Growth and Conidial

Germination of Botrytis cinerea

1Hamdache A.1*, Ezziyyani M.2, Aleu C.J.3,

Gonzalez C.I.3, Lamarti A.1

1. Équipe de Biotechnologie Végétale,

Département de Biologie, Faculté des Sciences,

Tétouan, Maroc

2. Département de Sciences de la Vie, Université

Abdelmalek Essaadi, Faculté Polydisciplinaire de

Larache, Larache, Maroc

3. Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad

de Ciencias, Universidad de Cádiz, Cádiz,

Spain


Abstract

Infection of strawberry by Botrytis cinerea is an

important problem in the world. Biological

control represent an alternative to the use of

pesticides in crop protection.





A key to progress, in biological control, to protect

strawberry against B. cinerea is, to select, in

vitro, the best agent to be applied in the field.

The aim of this work was to compare the effect of

some antagonistic bacterial strains on the

mycelial growth and conidial germination of B.

cinerea.

More than 300 isolates of bacteria were obtained

by isolations on PCA medium. By using the dual

culture method, nine isolates were screened for

their effectiveness to produce an inhibition zone

and necrosis against B. cinerea. A comparative

study was made for the nine selected bacteria in

vitro. Bacterial suspensions were prepared and

adjusted to different concentrations. The

interaction pathogen antagonist was made in

liquid medium, for the germination test and in

solid medium, for the mycelium growth test.

The nine bacteria affect mycelial growth and

conidial germination at different degree. Their

effect on the mycelial growth was more marked

than on the conidial germination of the pathogen.

Two isolates have a maximum inhibition in vitro

at the lowest concentration tested on the growth

and conidial germination. The antagonists were

identified as Bacillus spp. based on cultural and

morphological characteristics. A molecular

technique was used to confirm identification, in

CECT (Spain). The antagonistic bacteria were

identified as Bacillusamyloliquefaciens.

Two isolates of them (B3-Bc5 and B24-Bc7) can

be used for the in vivo tests.

Keywords : Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, in vitro,

Botrytis cinerea, mycelial growth, conidial

germination

PIV-46 : Antagonistic Activities of Plant

Growth Promoting Fluorescent Pseudomonads

against Tomato Bacterial Canker Agent

Clavibacter michiganensis subsp.

michiganensis

Bouizgarne B.*, Fadlaoui S., Kadmiri M.I.,

Hatimi A., Ouhdouch Y.

* Laboratoire de Biotechnologie Végétale,

Équipe Phytochimie Microbiologie Sols Plantes,

Faculté des Sciences Agadir, Morocco


[email protected]

Abstract

Bacterial canker of tomato is widespread, in the

Souss Massa region (Morocco). This work aims

to select fluorescent Pseudomonads against

tomato bacterial canker agent Clavibacter

michiganensis subsp. michiganensis (Cmm) and

with plant growth promoting abilities

Thirty two antagonistic activities of plant growth

promoting fluorescent Pseudomonas against

tomato bacterial canker agent Cmm were isolated

from rhizosphere soil of healthy tomato plants

located, in tomato plantations highly affected by

bacterial canker disease. Among them, eight

isolates showed hight inhibitory effects against

Cmm, the causal agent of bacterial canker disease

and were thereafter identified, by using various

phenotypic methods (fluorescence on King B

medium, API20 NE system and other

biochemical tests including levane and pectinase

production and lipid and aesculin hydrolysis).

Experiments aimed also to check for their ability

to in vitro inhibit the growth of Cmm and the

formation of bacterial biofilm by Cmm.

The eight isolates showed in vitro plant growth

promoting abilities. In vitro, quantitative

experiments were performed, in order to monitor

their ability to produce the phytohormone indol

acetic acid (IAA), to solubilize tricalcium

phosphate Ca3 (PO4)2 most likely by the

production of organic acids and to produce

siderophores. Results showed inhibition of the

growth and the biofilm formation by Cmm.

Results also showed a production of IAA up to

960 µg.mL-1 and solubilization of Ca3 (PO4)2

ranging from 34,33 to 133,3 μg.mL-1.

These findings suggest the potential of

fluorescent Pseudomonads with high antagonistic

performances against Clavibacter michiganensis

subsp michiganensis and PGPR effects.

Experiments aiming to use effective isolates to

control bacterial canker and to promote the

growth tomato plants in greenhouse conditions

are in progress.

Keywords : fluorescent Pseudomonads,

Clavibacter michiganensis subsp michiganensis,

PGPR, Tomato, antagonism

PIV-47 : Induction of Hydrogen Peroxide

H2O2 and Catalase Activities in Date Palm




(Phoenix dactylifera L.) Seedling by

Pseudomonads bacteria

Bouizgarne B.*, Lahmyd H., Ait Ben Aoumar

A., Hatimi A.

Laboratoire de Biotechnologie Végétale, Équipe

Phytochimie Microbiologie Sols Plantes, Faculté

des Sciences, Agadir, Morocco


[email protected]

Abstract

The purpose of our investigation was to screen

Pseudomonads as inducers of systemic resistance

(ISR) against Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. albedinis

(Foa), the causal agent of date palm (Phoenix

dactylifera L.) fusariosis (Bayoud disease).

Four Pseudomonas isolates (Ps 28, Ps 37, Ps 38

and Ps 39) were applied to either the susceptible

Jihel (JHL) or resistant Boustahmi noir (BSTN)

cultivar. In addition to measurement of

Pseudomonad growth, in treated parts of the root

system and that of Foa inside infected parts, the

amounts of H2O2 and the activity of catalase were

measured every 5 days. The experiment was

performed during 60 days.

At the end of experiments, results showed an

increase of Pseudomonas growth, in inoculated

parts of the root system and a reduction of Foa

conidia, in infected parts. Pseudomonad treated

roots showed an enhancement of H2O2 (up to 1.4

and 2.6 fold increase for BSTN and JHL,

respectively). Catalase activity showed an

increase of 1-3 fold, in the resistant cultivar

BSTN. Interestingly, an increase of 10-11 times,

in catalase activity was showed in Pseudomonad-

treated roots of the susceptible cultivar JHL.

Increases were also showed by Foa treated roots.

Increases in H2O2 and catalase activity were

concomitant to a reduced mortality in the

susceptible cultivar JHL while, controls consisted

of Foa infected, non bacterized seedlings

displayed severe disease symptoms and very low

catalase activities.

These results suggest the potential of

Pseudomoads, as a defense signal inducers of

ISR, in susceptible cultivar JHL and could be

used as a powerful tools, in biocontrol of Bayoud

disease.

Experiments aiming to study other ISR

mechanisms (soluble phenols, peroxydases etc)

are in progress.

Keywords : date palm, Fusarium oxysporum f.

sp. Albedinis, Pseudomonas, induced systemic

resistance

PIV-48 : Potential antagonism of some

Trichoderma strains isolated from Moroccan

soil against three phytopathogenic fungi of

great economic importance (Fusarium

oxysporum, Verticillium dahliae and

Rhizoctonia solani)

Mokhtari W.1, Chtaina N.1, Halmschlager E.2,

Volgmayr W.3, Stauffer C.2, Jaklitsch W3

1. Institute of Agronomy and Veterinary

Sciences, Environment and Pesticides

Laboratory, Production, Protection and

Biotechnology Department, Rabat, Morocco

2. University of Natural Resources and Life

Science, Institute of Forest Entomology, Forest

Pathology and Forest Protection, Vienna, Austria

3. University of Vienna, Department of

Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Faculty

Centre of Biodiversity, Vienna, Austria

Abstract

In this study, 17 Trichoderma strains were

isolated from different soils (crop fields and

Argan forests), in Morocco. Purified single-spore

cultures were identified to species-level using

molecular methods and tested for their potential

antagonism against three phytopathogenic fungi

of great importance, in Morocco (Fusarium

oxyxporum, Verticillium dahlia and Rhizoctonia

solani). After DNA extraction translation

elongation factor (tef1) was amplified in extracts

of 17 strains, sequenced and compared with their

ex-types.

As a result, three species were identified among

the strains which clustered in two different

subclades of Trichoderma The species T.

afroharzianum and T. Guizhouense belong to the

Harzianum clade, while T. Longibrachiatum

belongs to the Longibrachiatum clade.

Investigation of potential antagonistic effects of

these strains against the soil-borne

phytopathogens Fusarium oxysporum,

Rhizoctonia solani and Verticilium dahliae was

conducted, in a dual culture plate assay. All






Trichoderma isolates showed effective

antagonistic performance by decreasing radial of

pathogens’ mycelium confronting Trichoderma

isolates.

Trichoderma afroharzianum showed significant

differences, when comparing control radii Rc

with the radii confronting antagonist Ra (P< 0.05)

highest percentage inhibition of radial growth

(PIRG%). The highest PIRG (80.64%) was

obtained, for isolate T2.1 against Fusarium. In

the other hands, T9i12 which is a reesei species

shows a high radial inhibition of pathogens’

mycelium.

Keywords : Trichoderma spp., Fusarium

oxysporum, Verticillium dahliae, Rhizoctonia

solani, antagonistic fungi

PIV-49 : Search, Isolation and Identification of

Entomopathogenic Fungi of the

Mediterranean Fruit Fly (Ceratitis capitata)

Hallouti A.1, Zahidi A.2, El Mousadik A.2, Ait

Ben Aoumar A.1*, Hassan Boubaker H.1*

1. Laboratoire de Biotechnologies Microbiennes

et Protection des Végétaux, Université Ibn Zohr,

Faculté des Sciences, Agadir, Maroc

2. Laboratoire de Biotechnologies et Valorisation

des Ressources Naturelles, Université Ibn Zohr,

Faculté des Sciences, B.P 8106, Agadir, Maroc


Abstract

This work forms part of biological control against

crop pests and has as objectives search, isolation

and identification of entomopathogenic fungi and

the assessment of their pathogenic power against

the Mediterranean fruit fly (Ceratitiscapitata).

Search, isolation and estimation of the abundance

of entomopathogenic fungi were carried out on

soil samples of Arganiaspinosa forests and citrus

orchards.

To trap the insect pathogenic soil fungi, we

adopted the technique of using larvae of the fruit

fly (Ceratitiscapitata) as baits. The resulting

fungal isolates are identified, based on

macroscopic and microscopic criteria. After

trapping isolation and identification of fungal

strains, pathogenicity tests were used to select

several fungal strains that have significant

pathogenic powers against the Medfly. The

degree of virulence was estimated based on the

ability of the fungus to induce the disease and / or

death in the insect and also by calculating the

lethal time 50 (LT50).

The results obtained clearly demonstrated the

sensitivity of medfly of the different treatments

tested and particularly to strains of Aspergillus

niger and Epicoccum sp. that have shownhigh

mortality rates (more than 84%) and strains of

Fusarium sp., Trichoderma harzianum of

Scedosporium sp. and Ulocladium sp. with more

than 70% of mortality. Furthermore these strains

showed short LT50 (less than 83 hours).

All these results confirm, firstly, the presence of

entomopathogenic fungi of the medfly (Ceratitis

capitata), in the soil of the Arganeries and citrus

orchards and, secondly, the potential of these

entomopathogenic fungi in the control of this

pest.

Keywords : Biological control, Ceratitis

capitata, entomopathogenic fungi, citrus

PIV-50 : Plant Monocultures support more

antagonistic activity among soil Streptomyces

populations than plant polycultures.

Essarioui A.1,2, Kinkel L.L.2

1. National Institute of Agronomic Research,

Regional Center of Errachidia, Errachidia,

Morocco

2. Department of Plant Pathology, University of

Minnesota, Minnesota, USA

Abstract

Streptomyces possess strong antagonistic

activities and inhibit diverse plant pathogens.

However, the effects of plant community

characteristics on Streptomyces inhibitory activity

have received little attention. We evaluated the

impact of plant species and plant community

richness, on the frequency and intensity of

inhibitory activity of rhizosphere Streptomyces

communities against 2 fungal plant pathogens,

Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. graminearum and

Fusarium oxyxporum f. sp. lycopersici, the agents

of wheat head blight and tomato wilt,

respectively.

Soil samples were taken from the rhizosphere of

two plant species, Andropogan geradii and

Lespedeza capitata, each growing, in





communities of 1 (monoculture) or 16

(polyculture) plant species. Streptomyces

inhibitory activity against the two pathogens was

studied using an in vitro assay, to reveal

inhibition on each target pathogen. For each soil

sample, the proportions of Streptomyces that

exhibit antagonistic activities against each

pathogen and the mean size of the inhibition zone

were determined.

Plant richness modified the impacts of both plant

species on Streptomyces antagonistic activity.

Regardless of plant species, monocultures

supported higher frequencies and greater

intensities of Streptomyces inhibition than

polycultures.

Streptomyces antagonistic capacity increased with

decreasing plant community richness, suggesting

that plant diversity modifies selection for

antagonistic phenotypes among soil

Streptomyces. Fostering monoculture conditions,

in agricultural settings, may contribute

significantly to reducing the impacts of soil

pathogens.

PIV-51 : The Phenotypic and Symbiotic

Characterization of Rhizobia Nodulating Lotus

creticus in the North of Morocco

Taoufik Belechheb1, Saida Aarab1, Amin

Laglaoui1, Mohammed Bakkali1, Abdelhay

Arakrak1

1. Équipe de Recherche de Biotechnologies et

Génie des Biomolécules (ERBGB), Faculté des

Sciences et Techniques de Tanger, Maroc


Abstract

The plants belonging to the genera Lotus are

increasingly, utilized in pastures, throughout the

world because of their high productivity over a

wide range of soils. They provide high quality

animal fodder, prevent erosion and contribute to

soil stabilization and ecosystem restoration .

This research investigated the rhizobia that are

associated with Lotus creticus. Rhizobia are a

diverse group of bacteria that live, in symbiosis,

with legumes in root nodules. Rhizobia fix

nitrogen from the atmosphere and provide this

nutrient to the plant.

This work was conducted to evaluate and

characterize the phenotypic diversity

(biochemical and physiological tests) that exists

in a rhizobial collection isolated from nodules of

Lotus creticus collected from different sites, in

Tangier, in the north of Morocco.

Forty tree bacteria of Rhizobium nodulating

Lotus creticus were isolated and purified on

YEM medium supplemented with Congo red or

Peptone Glucose or Bromothymol Blue.

Results showed a different behavior of isolates, in

the presence of those dyes. A total of 37.14%

isolates could acidify the medium, while 62.86%

bacteria were alkalinizers. Moreover, all test

isolates showed good uptake of sucrose and were

urease positive.

Concerning the test of tolerance to salinity (0.5%

to 5%), to pH (3, 2 to 10) to temperature (+4°C to

+42°C), heavy metals and antibiotics, results

revealed widespread physiological diversity

within these populations of Rhizobium nodulating

Lotus creticus .

The strains isolated, in this study, can be used for

inoculation of plants, in marginal areas.

Keywords : Lotus creticus, phenotypic

characterization, Rhizobium, Tangier, forage

PIV-52 : Effects of Mycorrhization on The

Growth of Carob (Ceratonia siliqua) Plants

and Their Response to Drought Stress

Jadrane I.1, Hanguin S.2, Al Feddy M.N.3,

Hafidi M.1, Duponnois R.2, Ouahmane L.1

1. Laboratory of Ecology and Environment,

Faculté des Sciences Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad

University, Marrakesh, Morocco

2. Laboratooire des Symbioses en Milieu Tropical

et Méditerranéen, CIRAD/IRD, Complexe de

Baillarguet, Montpellier, France

3. Phytobacteriology Laboratory, Plant Protection

Research Unit, CRRA Marrakesh, Institut

National de Recherche Agronomique, Marrakech,

Morocco

*E-mail : Issam Jadrane, [email protected]

Abstract

Soil microorganisms play an important role, in

the growth and nutrition of numerous plants.

They allow greater water absorption, improve the

uptake of nutrients, from the soil and contribute





to the plants’protection against pathogens. The

symbiotic relationship between trees and

mycorrhizae contributes to establishing the forest

ecosystem and guaranteeing its longevity.

The carob tree is native to the Mediterranean

region and can be found, in numerous areas, in

North Africa, Southern Europe and the Middle

East. It has great commercial potential and its

domestication can have a positive impact, on the

local economy throughout the region and, in

Morocco, in particular. Additionally, through the

use of eco-friendly cultivation methods such as

mycorrhization or the use of PGPR (Plant Growth

Promoting Rhizobacteria), its domestication can

be completed with minimal ecological impact

while maintaining a high yield and healthy crops.

In this study, we investigated the impact of

mycorrhization and PGPR inoculation, on the

growth and physiology of carob plants and their

role in the plants’ response to drought stress.

Various growth parameters were monitored, in

order, to assess the impact of the PGPR and

mycorrhizal treatment with or without drought

stress : dry weight, wet weight, height, mineral

content and enzymatic activity.

In terms of growth parameters, the obtained

results have shown that mycorrhization and

PGPR treatment have a positive impact on the

plant’s size, nutrition and overall health.

Additionally, our results indicate that

mycorrhization and PGPR treatment contribute to

the minimization of the impact of drought stress

on the carob plants.

Keywords : carob, mycorrhizae, PGPR, drought

stress, ecology, mediterranean

PIV-53 : Extraction and Characterization of

Lignin and Cellulose Nanocrystals from the

Moroccan Bagasse

Aqlil M., Aboul-Hrouz S., Chakir A., Zahouily

M.

Laboratory of Materials, Catalysis and

Valorization of Natural Resources, Department of

Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology,

University Hassan II, Mohammedia, Morocco


Abstract

The wide availability of biomass has allowed it to

regain a great interest, in recent years, and made

it a good candidate for the enhancement and

better use through to wealth of biopolymers,

cellulose, hemicelluloses and lignin. Several

technologies were proposed, for fractionation or

separation of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin

from biomass such as hydrothermal treatment,

alkali treatment, treatment with solvent, …

In the present study, we exploited the alkali

treatment. The Moroccan bagasse was

fractionated to cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin

by alkali treatment. This process consists in

hydrolyzing bagasse by hot water for 120 min to

extract hemicelluloses. The residue obtained is

treated with sodium hydroxide (NaOH 15%) [1].

The black liquor is acidified by the recovered

sulfuric acid to pH 2 to 3. The precipitate is

washed, dried, in an oven, and then ground, in a

mortar, to obtain a uniform powder. The residue

remaining after treatment with sodium hydroxide

represents the cellulose. It was then bleached,

using sodium hypochlorite for the extraction of

cellulose nanocrystals [2].

The extracted lignin was then extensively

characterized, using FTIR, RMN, TGA, DSC,

GPC and MEB.

Keywords : bagasse, lignin, cellulose, cellulose

nanocrystals

References

[1] Aboul-Hrouz S., Oumam S., Barakat A.,

Solhy S., Zahouily M. Mater. Environ.Sci.2014,

5:2198-2204.

[2] El Miri N., Abdelouahdi K., Barakat K.,

Zahouily M., Fihri A., Solhy A., El Achaby M.,

Carbohydrate Polymers, 2015, 129:156-167.

PIV-54 : The Use of Mycorrhizal Fungi and

PGPR Bacteria for a Durable Productivity of

Lycopersicum esculentum Mill

Slimani A., Ouhamane L., Al feddy M.N.,

Koussa T.


[email protected] [email protected]

Abstract







Lycopersicum esculentum Mill (tomatoes) is one

of the most cultivated and consumed fruit in the

world. It has an excellent nutritional and

gustatory value. Morocco is considered to be one

of the leading producer and exporter countries of

tomatoes (FAO, 2007). So, increasing its

production to match the needs of its growing

population has become a necessity. However, its

yield is affected by many factors which include

drought, salt stress, as well as fungal diseases like

downy mildew and grey mold. In addition, the

use of chemical additives such as fertilizers and

pesticides, presents a serious threat to the global

environment and human health. Nevertheless,

eco-friendly alternatives do exist : mycorrhizal

fungi and PGPR bacteria are microbiological

components found naturally in soil which can

positively affect plant cultures’life. They have a

significant influence on the growth, nutrition,

resistance to diseases and environmental stresses.

The main objective of this study is optimizing the

use of these microbes as biological means to

improve the growth and productivity of tomato

seedlings in a healthy and sustainable agricultural

environment.

The different arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi were

evaluated for their ability to improve the overall

health and yield of Lycopersicum esculentum Mill

under greenhouse conditions as well as their role

in improving the plant’s response to stress. Our

results show that mycorrhizal and PGPR

treatments do indeed improve the physiological

parameters and the enzymatic activity of the

inoculated seedlings, compared to non-inoculated

control plants, in both the presence and absence

of water stress.

Keywords : tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum

Mill), arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, PGPR

bacteria, drought stress, growth, productivity

PIV-55 : Plant Growth Promoting

Rhizobacteria Their Effect on Plant Growth

Promotion and Disease Suppression

Ettadili H.1*, Lebrazi S.1, Misbah A.1, Fikri-

Benbrahim K.1


Faculty of Science and Technology, University

Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdellah, Fez, Morocco


Abstract

Injudicious application of agrochemicals can

cause major problems, such as soil and water

pollution, besides reduction of biodeversity.

Currently, the use of plant growth promoting

rhizobacteria (PGPR) in agriculture becomes an

alternative solution to reduce the harmful effects

of chemicals product and to offer an ecologically

sustainable approach to increase crop production

and health, contributing substantially in making

the twenty-first centry the age of biotechnology.

This study aimed to evaluate the ability of

Rhizobia isolated from root nodules of

leguminous plants growing widely in different

regions of FEZ-Morocco to produce plant growth

promoting substances such as ammonia (NH3),

indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), hydrogen cyanide

(HCN), Siderophore and to solubilize phosphates

as well as potassium. Rhizobial isolates were

tested for antagonism against Aspergillus niger

and also for acceleration germination of alfalfa

seeds.

The result showed that on the 110 tested isolates,

60% showed the ability to produce IAA, whereas

51% were found to solubilize inorganic

phosphate. Also in this study, the production of

ammonia was detected in 70% of isolates.

However, only 5% were cyanid producer. Also

some isolates were able to solubilize potassium. It

was observed that several isolates produce

sedirophore and showed the potential to

accelerate seed germination and antifungal

activities.

Our selected isolates may be used as biofertilizers

for crop improvement and to control plant

diseases.

Keywords : plant growth promoting

rhizobacteria, indole-3-acetic acid, hydrogen

cyanide, phosphate solubilization, antifungal

activities, seed germination

PIV-56 : The Use of the Plant Growth-

Promoting Rhizobacterium Pseudomonas with

Phosphate Solubilizing and ACC-Desaminase

Activity as Biofertilizers

Amina Meliani A.1*, Bensoltane A.1, Oufdou

K.1, Benidire L.1

1. Department of Biology, University of

Mustapha Stambouli, Mascara, Algeria

mailto:*E-mail%20:%[email protected]




*[email protected]

Abstract

The use of bio-fertilizer such as N2 (nitrogen)

fixing and phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB)

can reduce chemical fertilizer applications and

consequently lower roduction cost.

The use of PSB as biofertilizers PGPR, in order,

to increase the productivity may be a viable

alternative to organic fertilizers and could

decrease the environmental problems associated

with conventional chemical fertilizers, which also

helps, in reducing the pollution and preserving

the environment, in the spirit of an ecological

agriculture. In addition, to biological nitrogen

fixation, phosphate solubilization is very

important, in enhancing the soil fertility. Usually,

phosphorus (P) is the second element limiting

plant growth proceeded by nitrogen, and can be

the main growth-limiting nutrient.

The use of phosphate solubilising Pseudomonas

as inoculants have provided an alternative

biotechnological solution, in sustainable

agriculture to meet the P demands of plants.

The present study was carried out to isolate the

PSB from the rhizosphere, to characterize

indoleacetic acid (IAA) productivity and 1-

aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC)

deaminase activity, in some strains of

fluorescents Pseudomonas for evaluating its

enhancement of plant growth.

Keywords : bio-fertilizer, PSB, IAA,

Pseudomonas

PIV-57 : Effect of Rhizobium and Arbuscular

mycorrhiza on the Growth and Physiological

Parameters in Alfa (Medicago sativa) Under

Salt Stress

Ben Laouane R.1,2,3, Meddich A.1, Faghire M.3,

Oufdou K.2, Anaya F.1, Fghire R.1, Bechtaoui

N.2, Ait El Mokhtar M.1, El Amerany F.,

Wahbi S.1

1. Laboratoire de Biotechnologie et Physiologie

Végétale, Université Cadi Ayyad, Marrakech,

Maroc


Microorganismes, Université Cadi Ayyad,

Marrakech, Maroc

3. Laboratoire de Biotechnologie Végétale,

Faculté des Sciences, Université Ibn Zohr,

Agadir, Maroc


Abstract

1. Aims of the work:

Salinity is a major stress limiting the productivity

of food crops. It constitutes an important

constraint to Alfa Alfa (Medicago sativa L.)

production in many parts of the world. The

synergistic benefits of the dual inoculation of

legumes with nodule bacteria and arbuscular

mycorrhizae (AM) are well established. The aim

of this study was to assess the co-inoculation

response of Alfa Alfa (MedicagoSativa) to

arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and

rhizobium strians, under salt stress.

Intact seeds were germinated then inoculated with

autochthonous mycorrhizal (AM) and/or rhizobial

strain RHOL1 and grown under greenhouse and

salt stress (120 mM) at the Faculty of Sciences

Semlalai of Marrakesh. At the flowering stage,

growth and physiological parameters were

assessed.

The results showed that salt stress significantly

decreased plant growth, stomatal conductance.

However Arbuscular mycorrhizal autochthonous

(AM) improve salt tolerance and biomass

production of Alfa alfa-Rhizobium symbiosis

under salinity. The chlorophyll content was

decreased under this constraint but electrolytes

leakage was increased.Whereas, plants water

parameters didn’t show any significant variation

under salt stress.

The salt stress affected negatively the growth and

physiological parameters in Alfa Alfa-rhizobia

symbiosis but this effect can be reduced by the

presence of AM.Thus indigenous fungal isolates

could be an effective biological means to improve

the tolerance of Alfa alfa-Rhizobium symbiosis

under salinity

Keywords : Medicago sativa, rhizobium,

salinity, mycorrhiza, tolerance

PIV-58 : Caractérisation Moléculaire de la

Symbiose Haricot – Rhizobia Sous Déficience

en Phosphore : Expression Différentielle de

Genes du Cortex Nodulaire





Lazali M.*1, Amenc L.2, Bahimi S.1, Bargaz A.3,

Drevon J.J.2

1. Département d’Agronomie, Faculté des

Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie et des Sciences

de la Terre, Université Djilali Bounaama Khemis,

Miliana, Algérie

2. Institut National de la Recherche

Agronomique, UMR Ecologie Fonctionnelle et

Biogéochimie des Sols et Agroécosystèmes,

INRA-IRD-CIRAD-SupAgro, Montpellier,

France

3. Department of Biosystems and Technology,

Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences,

Alnarp, Sweden


Abstract

La déficience des sols en éléments minéraux,

particulièrement, le phosphore (P) est une

limitation majeure, pour la croissance et le

développement des légumineuses fixatrices

d’azote. En réponse à la déficience P, les

légumineuses nodulées développent un système

d’acquisition plus efficace du P, en augmentant la

surface d’échange racinaire ou en secrétant des

acides organiques et des phosphatases (APases)

dont le rôle est de dissoudre le P insoluble du sol.

Ce travail s’intéresse à la caractérisation et

localisation de l’expression de gènes responsables

de la mobilisation du P organique nodulaire. Le

matériel végétal, utilisé dans cette étude, est

constitué par six lignées recombinantes

contrastantes de haricot commun. Après leur

germination, les plantules sont inoculées avec une

souche de référence Rhizobium tropici CIAT899

et transférées dans des bacs contenant la solution

nutritive déficiente ou suffisante en P. Au stade

plein floraison, l’expression de gènes phytase et

APases est localisée par in situ RT-PCR, à

l'intérieur des nodules frais de 3 mm de diamètre.

Les résultats obtenus montrent que la déficience

en P induit une forte expression de gènes

phytases et APases, au niveau des nodules de

différents génotypes. En effet, cette expression

génétique se diffère en fonction des génotypes et

des tissus nodulaires. Elle est plus forte chez la

lignée tolérante RIL115, en comparaison avec la

lignée sensible RIL147. Ainsi, le gène phytase

s’exprime au niveau du cortex nodulaire externe,

le gène TPP au niveau de la zone infectée et le

gène FBPase au niveau des traces vasculaires et

le cortex nodulaire interne. Cette forte expression

de gènes, sous déficience en P, s’accompagne

avec une augmentation significative des activités

APases et une meilleure efficacité d’utilisation du

P.

Nous concluons que l’augmentation de

l’expression de gènes phytases et APases

nodulaires pourrait constituer un mécanisme

adaptatif, pour la tolérance des légumineuses

fixatrices de N2 au déficit en P.

Keywords : haricot, nodule, phytase,

phosphatase, phosphore, symbiose

PIV-59 : Variations Saisonnieres de Diversité

en Champignons Endophytes Folaires du

Pistachier de l’Atlas de Dayate Aiat

Zareb A., Smail-Saadoun N.

Laboratoire Ressources Naturelles, Université

Mouloud Mammeri, Tizi Ouzou, Algérie


Abstract

Le bétoum ou pistachier de l’Atlas est le plus

ubiquiste des arbres du Nord de l’Afrique et du

Proche Orient. Il présente une amplitude

écologique et une plasticité remarquables. Les

feuilles de cette essence constituent un véritable

hotspot de diversité des champignons endophytes.

Elles apparaissent au printemps et sont caduques

à la fin de l’automne.

Notre étude a concerné les variations saisonnières

de cette diversité fongique, entre le printemps et

l’automne. Notre échantillonnage a été fait sur les

pistachiers de l’Atlas de Dayate Aïat, wilaya de

Laghouat. Les feuilles ont été récoltées, au mois

d’avril et au mois d’octobre, sur les mêmes dix

individus sains. Pour chaque saison, vingt feuilles

par sujet sont choisies pour la mise en culture sur

milieu P.D.A. L’incubation est faite à température

ambiante, pendant 2 mois. Elle est suivie par une

identification morphologique (macroscopique et

microscopique). Plusieurs isolats de champignons

endophytes ont été prélevés, à partir des 800

échantillons, mis en culture. Les genres

dominants pour les isolats du printemps sont

Aspergillus et Epicoccum. Ces derniers montrent

une importance dans les interactions hôtes-

pathogènes. En effet, ces deux genres sont

considérés comme des agents de lutte biologique.

Pour l’automne, ce sont les genres Trichophyton

et Cladosporium qui sont dominants. Ces derniers

mailto:%[email protected]




permettent l’accélération des taux de

décomposition des matières organiques et des

composés insolubles des feuilles. Le cortège de

mycoendophytes foliaires semble conditionner

par la plante. Il est fonction de ses besoins, lors

des différentes phases phénologiques.

Mots Clés : Pistacia atlantica L., Laghouat

(Algérie), saison, champignons endophytes,

feuille.

PIV-60 : The effects of PGPR on Wheat

(Triticum aestivum) Growth Parameters

Chrouqi L.1,3, Koussa T.1, Ouahmane L.2,

Cherkaoui Dekkaki B.3, Alfeddy M.N.3

1. Laboratoire Physiology and Plant Pathology,

Faculty of El Jadida, University Chouaib

Doukkali, El Jadida, Morocco

2. Laboratory of Ecology and Environment,

Faculté des Sciences Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad

University, Marrakesh, Morocco

3. Laboratory Phyto Bacteriology Research, Unit

Plant Protection at the Regional Center for

Agricultural Research Marrakech, Morocco


Abstract

Soil is an excellent niche of growth of many

microorganisms protozoa, fungi, viruses and

bacteria. Use of microbial inoculants or plant

growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) for the

enhancement of sustainable agricultural

production is becoming a more widely accepted

practice, in intensive agriculture, in many parts of

the world. PGPR are beneficial bacteria which

have the ability to colonize the roots and either

promote plant growth through direct action or via

biological control of plant diseases. They are

associated with many plant species and are

commonly present, in various environments.

In this study, we isolated 83 strains from wheat

rhizosphere, in the region of Marrakech,

Morocco. These bacterial isolates were purified,

screened in vitro for PGP characteristics and

evaluated for their beneficial effects on the

germination of wheat.

Seven strains were selected for in vitro testing

which included the germination test and other in

vitro tests such as phosphate solubilization,

production of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and

ammonia.

In order to assess the effects of the isolated strains

on plant growth, two varieties of wheat tender

Triticum aestivum (Wafia) V1 and (Amal) V2

were targeted. The inoculation of these two

varieties with different strains induced an

increase of the growth of the stemand root with

rates of 14.82% and 57.85% for V1 and 40.76%

and 47.40% for V2. The increase, in fresh weight

and dry weight of both shoot and root parts, were

44.44%, 27.5% and 42.51%, 15% for V1 and

31.24%, 29.28% and 51.36%, 37.20% for V2

strains LPB50 and LPB4, respectively.

Keywords : PGPR, growth, environment, wheat,

indole-3-acetic acid

PIV-61. Date Palm Water Stress Resistance

Improvement by Mycorrhizal fungi and PGPR

Bacteria

Harkousse O., Elfeddy M.N., Ouhmane L.,

Koussa T.


[email protected]

[email protected]

Abstract

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) areobligate

symbionts that cannot develop without the

presence of a host plant. They are found in the

rhizosphere forming a mutualistic symbiosis with

the roots of over 80 % terrestrial plant species.

Date palm trees have always been the basis of the

oasis structure which plays a major economic,

social and ecological role.

Morocco has seen a decrease in the total area of

palm groves, this regression was mainly due to

the Bayoud disease and prolonged droughts. A

research program was thus launched for the

selection of the most efficient mycorrhizal strains

from Zagora palm groves to alleviate the effects

of these issues.

Our study highlights the importance of selected

mycorrhizal fungi and PGPR bacteria, in

improving the tolerance of the date palm to water

deficit as well as improving their yield. The

physiological parameters and enzymatic activities

of the palm date plants infected by the selected

mycorrhizae and PGPR bacteria were evaluated

for varying degrees of water stress.

Our results have shown that the selected

mycorrhizal fungi have the ability to infect the




roots of the palm date and seem to allow the

plants to withstand the application of a severe

water stress. Furthermore, the presence of

mycorrhizae fungi and PGPR seems to also

improve the overall health of the plants.

Keywords : Palm date, water stress, mycorrhizal,

PGPR bacteria

PIV-62 : Prospection de Dickeya Bactérie

Macergène Responsable de la Pourriture

Molle dans Quatre Régions à Forte Production

de la Pomme de Terre au Maroc

Massaoudi Y.1, El Karkouri A.2, Oulghazi

S.3, Moumni M.3, El Hassouni M.1

1. Laboratoire de Biotechnologie, Équipe de

Biotechnologie des Microorganismes, Faculté des



2. Laboratoire des Ressources Naturelles et

Environnement, Équipe de Biotechnologie et

Environnement, Faculté Polydisciplinaire Taza,


Maroc

3. Laboratoire de Biotechnologies Végétales et

Biologie Moléculaire, Équipe de Génomique

Cellulaire et Techniques Moléculaires

d'Investigations, Faculté des Sciences, Université

Moulay Ismail, Meknès, Maroc

*E-mail : [email protected] et

[email protected]

Abstract

Depuis son introduction au Maroc au XIXème

siècle, la culture de pomme de terre a connu un

élan singulier, au niveau socio-économique. La

production de cette plante a remarquablement

augmentée, passant d’environ 150 000 tonnes, en

1960, pour arriver à un record de millions de

tonnes en 2014. Pourtant, la culture de la pomme

de terre est influencée par de multiples graves

phytopathologies causées par des ravageurs qui

peuvent infecter cette plante aux différents

niveaux de sa chaîne de production (champ,

transport et stockage) provoquant ainsi des pertes

et des dégâts importants et redoutables. Parmi les

agents phytopathogènes les plus importants

économiquement figurent les bactéries

pectinolytiques appartenant aux genres « Dickeya»

et «Pectobacterium» responsables des maladies de

la «pourriture molle» et de la «jambe noire».

L’objectif de la présente étude est la recherche et

l’isolement de Dickeya sp., à partir des

principales régions productrices de pomme de

terre, au Centre-Nord du Maroc (Meknès, Moulay

Bousselham, Larache et Sidi Kassem, El Jadida).

L’isolement est effectué, à partir des tubercules

pourris, des tiges atteintes de la Jambe noire et du

sol de la rhizosphère, sur milieu minimum

contenant de la pectine, comme seule source de

carbone et d’énergie. Les isolats purifiés sont

testés, pour leur pouvoir de synthétiser les

enzymes : pectinase, cellulase et amylase. Les

isolats montrant un aspect enzymatique similaire

à celui de Dickeya sp. (pectinase+, cellulase+,

amylase-) sont alors sélectionnés, pour réaliser le

test de phytopathogénicité, sur les tranches de

tubercules de pomme de terre. Puis, une

amplification par PCR, en utilisant le couple

d’amorce (ADE1/ADE2) spécifique du gène

pectate lyase de Dickeya est effectuée. Enfin,

l’amplification en chaîne et le séquençage de

l’ADNr 16S sont réalisés, pour déterminer

l’espèce.

À partir de 658 isolats purifiés, 23 isolats

(pectinase+, cellulase+, amylase-) sont considérés

comme candidats appartenant au genre Dickeya.

L’amplification par PCR nous a permis de

confirmer l’identité d’un isolat en tant que

Dickeya sp. Il est à citer que les études

biomoléculaires sont en cours de réalisation, pour

identifier les isolats appartenant au genre

Pectobacterium.

Mots Clés : Bactéries phytopathogènes,

Dickeya, Pectobacterium, pourriture molle, jambe

noire

PIV-63 : Genotypic and Phenotypic Diversity

for Tolerance to Environmental Stresses of

Rhizobia nodulating lens Culinaris in Morocco

Benjelloun I.1,2, Thami Alami I.2, El Khadir

M.2, Udupa S.M.3, Douira1A.

1. Laboratoire de Botanique, Biotechnologie et de

Protection des Plantes, Département de Biologie,

Faculté des Sciences de Kenitra, Université Ibn

Tofayl, BP 242, Kénitra, Morocco.

2. Institut Nationale de la Recherche

Agronomique (INRA), B.P.415, Rabat, Morocco

3. ICARDA-INRA Cooperative Research Project,

International Center for Agricultural Research in

the Dry Areas, Rabat, Morocco





Abstract

Environmental pollution problems and increased

demand for green technologies, in production are

forcing farmers to introduce agricultural practices

with a lower impact on the environment. During

its growth, Lens culinaris is usually affected by

different environmental stresses such as drought,

extreme temperatures, soil pH, salinity and heavy

metals which limit its growth and productivity

and also affect biological nitrogen fixation ability

of rhizobia. Inoculation with appropriate stress

tolerant rhizobia is necessary for a safe and

sustainable agricultural production.

Part of our research consist on the isolation of

rhizobia nodulating, in different soil types, in

morocco, in order to examine their molecular and

phenotypic diversity for the above mentioned

stresses and select the most tolerant ones for

inoculation aims.

Thus, 27 sites, in Morocco, were investigated to

sample a total of 206 Lens rhizobia, these

rhizobia were examined for genetic diversity,

using REP-PCR method and also for tolerance to

harch environmental stresses (high temperature,

water deficiency, salinity extreme ph) and

resistance to heavy metals and antibiotics.

Results revealed that phenotypic characterization

of 206 rhizobia nodulating Lens culinaris for

tolerance to environmental stresses revealed a

wide variability, for tolerance to heavy metals

(HgCl2, MnCl2, CdCl2 and ZnCl2) and antibiotics,

variable response to high temperature (38% of

isolates grow at +40°C), to salinity (4% of

isolates grow at 1540 mMol NaCl) and water

stress (0MPa-1,25MPa). REP-PCR showed also

a large diversity among those bacteria, it would

be confirmed by sequencing of nodC, nifH and

16S r DNA genes.

A wide phenotypic and genotypic diversity was

revealed in rhizobia of Lens culinaris, in

Morocco. This variability may be harnessed for

enhancing biological nitrogen fixing, using the

selected best tolerant strains for inoculation of

Lens culinaris for adaptation to climate change in

Morocco.

Keywords : Rhizobia, Lens culinaris, phenotypic

diversity, environmental stresses, REP-PCR

PIV-64 : Criblage Phytochimiques et Dosage

des Polyphénols et Flavonoïdes des Feuilles

de Ziziphus lotus L.

Raïs C.1,2, Fennane A.1, Zouhair L.1, Chraibi

M.3, Lazraq A.1 El Ghadraoui L.1, Louahlia S.2

1. Laboratoire d’Écologie Fonctionnelle et


Techniques, Fès, Maroc


Environnement, Faculté Polydisciplinaire de

Taza, Maroc


Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Fès, Maroc

Abstract

Le jujubier (Ziziphus lotus) appartient à la famille

des rhamnacées pousse sur les rives sud de la

méditerranée, jusqu'en Afghanistan. Cette plante

est considérée, parmi les plantes aromatiques et

médicinales largement utilisée en médicine

traditionnelle. Elle présente plusieurs intérêts,

aussi bien sur le plan nutritif et cosmétique que

médicinal. De même, les extraits naturels de

plantes contiennent une variété de composés

phénoliques auxquels sont attribuées diverses

activités biologiques.

Le présent travail a été réalisé, afin de déterminer

les différents groupes chimiques contenus dans

les feuilles de Ziziphus lotus et de déterminer

aussi la teneur totale en polyphénols et en

flavonoïdes. Deux extraits bruts ont été préparés,

à partir des feuilles de cette plante, l’un

méthanolique et l’autre hydroéthanolique.

Les dosages des polyphénols totaux et des

flavonoïdes effectués sur ces extraits ont été

déterminés, à partir des courbes d’étalonnage

d’acide gallique et de la quercétine,

respectivement.

Les résultats montrent que l'extrait

hydroéthanolique est plus riche en polyphénols et

en flavonoïdes que l'extrait méthanolique.

Mots Clés : Ziziphus lotus, extraits naturels,

criblage phytochimiques, polyphénols,

flavonoïdes

PIV-65 : Effect of Pre Incubation of Rhizobia

with Hesperetin on Vicia faba Growth and

Nodulation Under Salt Stress Conditions

Benidire L.1,2, Oufdou K.1, Göttfert M.2







Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakech, Morocco

2. Technische Universität Dresden, Institut für

Genetik, Dresden, Germany

Abstract

Flavonoids are a diverse group of phenolic

compounds, ubiquitously found in plants that

serve a variety of ecological and physiological

functions. Various types of flavonoids were

identified in Fabaceae root exudates, however a

limited number of them are involved in rhizobia

legume symbiosis. Indeed, in this symbiotic

interaction, flavonoids act as chemoattractants,

inducers of nodulation by activation of the

expression of nod genes and determinants of host

specificity. Naringenin and hesperetin are among

the major signal compounds which stimulate nod

gene activity of R. leguminosarum bv. viceae

(Begum et al. 2001). It has been shown that

inoculation of pea and lentil plants with rhizobia

pre-induced by hesperetin leads to an

improvement of nodulation and growth of these

plants under greenhouse conditions (Mabood et

al. 2006).

In this investigation, we tested the effect of

inoculation with preinduced rhizobia by

hesperetin on Vicia faba plant growth and

nodulation under salt stress conditions.

Three rhizobia strains (RhOF4, RhOF6 and

RhOF53), which have a different tolerance to

salinity, were used to inoculate faba bean plants

grown under controlle d environmental

conditions. Germinated seeds were inoculated

with rhizobial strains preinduced with 10 µM

hesperetin, at different levels of salt stress (0 and

70 mM). Rhizobia grown without signal

molecules were used as control inoculums.

Data collected from this experiment showed that

salinity treatment negatively affects plant

nodulation and dry matter accumulation. In

control plants (0 mM NaCl), plants inoculated

with RhOF53, a salt tolerant strain, exhibited the

highest root dry weight. Plants inoculated with

the non-preinduced RhOF6 strain had the lowest

values of root dry weight (RDW). However,

inoculation of V. faba plants with the salt

sensitive strain RhOF6 preinduced by hesperetin

significantly increased the root biomass. Addition

of 70 mM NaCl to the nutrient solution reduced

significantly RDW, in all plants except those

inoculated with RhOF53+H (RhOF53

preincubated with Hesperetin). While hesperetin

pretreatment of RhOF6 and RhOF4 had no effect

on root dry weight, under salt stress compared to

plants receiving untreated rhizobia.

The results for shoot dry weight (SDW) showed

that pretreatment of RhOF53 with hesperetin

improved growth of the host plant, in comparison

to plants inoculated, with the untreated strain, in

the absence and the presence of salt. The

relatively highest values of SDW were obtained

in the symbiotic combination faba bean-

RhOF53+H, for all culture conditions. Hesperetin

treatment did not significantly affect this

parameter, in plants inoculated with RhOF6 and

RhOF4. However, plants receiving the salt

sensitive strain (RhOF6) seem to be most affected

by salinity, in comparison with plants infected

with salt tolerant rhizobia. V. faba plants

exhibited almost double the nodule number when

inoculated with RhOF53 or RhOF6 compared

with plants inoculated with RhOF4. Salinity

treatment did not significantly affect this

parameter except for the faba bean-RhOF6

combination, which showed a significant

reduction of the nodule number (NN).

Furthermore, preincubation of rhizobia with

hesperetin had no effect on NN, in all plants,

under different salt stress conditions.

Our study showed that saline treatment inhibits

plant growth of faba bean. Pretreatment of the

bacteria with hesperetin had no stimulatory effect

on nodulation. However, it seems to stimulate

plant growth by increasing shoot and root

biomass in V. faba inoculated with the tolerant

strain RhOF53.

Keywords : Faba bean, rhizobia, salt stress,

flavonoid, hesperetin

References

Begum, A. A., Leibovitch, S., Migner, P. and

Zhang, F. (2001). Inoculation of pea (Pisum

sativum L.) by Rhizobium leguminosarum bv.

viceae preincubated with naringenin and

hesperetin or application of naringenin and

hesperetin directly into soil increased pea

nodulation under short season conditions. Plant

Soil. 237: 71-80.




Mabood F., Gray E. J., Lee K. D., Supanjani

and Smith D. L. (2006). Exploiting inter-

organismal chemical communication for

improved inoculants. Canadian Journal of Plant

Science, 86: 951-966.

Acknowledgments : This work is financially

supported by the project PMARS n°12/20

(Project BMBF n°01DH12051) and the

Alexander von Humboldt foundation.

PIV-66 : The Mononuclear NiII Complex bis

(azido-κN) bis [2,5-bis pyridin-2-yl)-1,3,4-

thiadiazole-κ2N2,N3]nickel(II) Protects

Tomato from Verticillium dahliae by Inhibiting

the Fungal Growth and Activating Plant

Defences

Zine H.1, Rifai L.A.1, Koussa T.1, Bentiss F.2,

Guesmi S.3, Laachir A.3, Makroum K.1,

Belfaiza M.1, Faize F.1

1. Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology, Ecology

and Ecosystem Valorization, Faculty of Sciences,

University Chouaib Doukkali, 24000 El Jadida

(Morocco).

b Laboratory of catalysis and materials corrosion,

Faculty of Sciences, University Chouaib

Doukkali, 24000 El Jadida (Morocco).

c Laboratory of coordination and analytical

chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University

ChouaibDoukkali, 24000 El Jadida (Morocco).

Abstract:

Verticillium wilt is one of the most important

vascular disease, caused by the soil-borne fungi

verticillium dahliae, and considered as a major

limiting factor for tomato production of the word.

The objectives of our work were to examine the

antifungal proprieties of a new mononuclear

transition metal nickel complex bis(azido-

κN)bis[2,5-bis(pyridin-2-yl)-1,3,4-thiadiazole-

κ2N2,N3]nickel(II) (noted NiL2(N3)2) and its

parental ligand 2,5-bis(pyridin-2-yl)-1,3,4-

thiadiazole (L) and to determine their effect on

the in vitro growth of a strain of the pathogen

(SH), and their aptitude on controlling

verticillium wilt in the green house and activating

plant defenses reponses.

In vitro, NiL2(N3)2 exhibited a strong antifungal

activity against the strain SH (50% to 80%) with

a very low concentration (10µg/ml to 30µg/ml).

In the green house, NiL2(N3)2 induced higher

protection against verticillium dahliae at

50µg/ml. It reduced leaf alteration index by 85%

and vessel browning by 96% . In addition, its

protective ability was associated with the

accumulation of H2O2, and the activation of total

phenolic content as well as potentiation of the

activity of peroxidase and plyphenol oxidase.

These results demonstrated that NiL2(N3)2 can be

considered as a new activators of plant defense

responses.

KEYWORDS :plant defenses, protection,

verticillium wilt, tomato, nickel complex, 2,5-

bis(pyridin-2-yl)-1,3,4-thiadiazole.

PIV-67 : Diversité en mycoendophytes et

épiphytes foliaires de peganum harmala de

dayate aiat

Ouzid Yasmina*1,2 , Smail-Saadoun Noria 1 Et

Houali Karim2.

* [email protected] 1Laboratoire Ressources Naturelles, 2Laboratoire

de Biochimie Analytique et Biotechnologies,

Université Mouloud Mammeri de Tizi-Ouzou –

Algérie.

Abstract

Les champignons colonisant les plantes

supérieures représentent une composante

importante de la biodiversité microbienne. Qu’il

soit endophytes ou épiphytes, ces derniers vivent

en interaction complexe avec ces plantes où les

deux partenaires tirent profit. Notre étude a été

réalisée sur une plante spontanée médicinale de la

région des dayas : Peganum harmala. Notre

intérêt dans ce travail s’est porté sur un aperçu de

la diversité des mycoendophytes et des épiphytes

au niveau des feuilles de cette essence. Dix sujets

sains ont été récoltés au mois d’avril 2015 de

manière aléatoire. L’échantillonnage a été

effectué à dayate Aiat, région de Timzerth, wilaya

de Laghouat. Pour les mycoendophytes, une

stérilisation superficielle des feuilles a été réalisée

selon le protocole de HELANDER et al. (1994),

afin d’éliminer les organismes épiphytes qui

demeurent au niveau du phylloplan. Les

fragments sont ensemencés sur milieu PDA et

incubés à température ambiante. Quant aux

épiphytes, des suspensions de feuilles ont été

ensemencées sur PDA suivant le protocole de

PUSZ et al. (2015) et incubées à température

ambiante. Après deux mois d’incubation, nous

avons procédé à l’identification microscopique





des différentes souches de champignons. Les

résultats obtenus montrent une abondance des

genres Alternaria et Cladosporium pour les

mycoendophytes, Penicillium et Rhizopus pour

les épiphytes. Les genres Mycocladus et Mucor

ne sont recensés qu’au niveau des champignons

épiphytes. Cette diversité est en relation avec

l’environnement et la composition chimique de la

plante, d’où la nécessité d’identifier ces

molécules bioactives qui ont une origine fongique

ou végétale.

Mots clés : mycoendophytes foliaires,

champignons épiphytes, interaction, diversité,

Peganum harmala, Laghouat.

PIV-68 : Isolation of phosphate solubilizing

bacteria and fungi and their potential for lead

to ericaceous plant growth

Ahlam Hamim1,2, Boukesskass Amal 1,Ouhadouch Ydir1,Lucie Miche 3, Rachid

Mrabet2, Robin Duponnois4, Mohamed Hafidi1

1 Faculté des Sciences Semlalia, Université Cadi


2 Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique,

Maroc

3 Institut Méditerranéen de Biodiversité et

d’Ecologie marine et continentale (IMBE), Aix

Marseille Université, CNRS, IRD, Avignon

Université, France

4 Institut de Recherche pour le Developpement,

UMR 113, laboratoire des symbioses tropicales et

méditerranéennes, campus Cirad de Baillarguet,

TA-A 82/J, 34398 Montpellier cedex 5, France.

Abstract:

Many soil microorganisms are able to transform

insoluble forms of phosphorus to an accessible

soluble form, contributing to plant nutrition as

plant growth-promoting microorganisms

(PGPM). Their mecanisms of growth are through

biological control with production of organic

acids, siderophore and similar products with very

high affinity to ferric iron.

The objective of this work was to isolate, screen

and evaluate the phosphate solubilization activity

of fungi and actinobacteria from soil and roots of

plant belonging to ericaceous familyin order to

select potential microbial inoculant. Five fungi

strains and seven actinomycetes strains isolates

originating from this soil were tested for their

ability to grow on a synthetic minimum medium

(SMM) containing TCP (tricalcic-phosphate)

insoluble phosphate as sole P source.

All isolated were able to grow in SMM

medium.The five fungi and two actinomycets

showed the most active growth and solubilization

capability. These isolates were shown to be able

to solubilize P in liquid cultures. The study of

mechanisms involved in these weathering

processes indicated that all fungi and only one

actinomycete strain were able to produce

siderophores. Most of the actinomycets were

shown to belong to the streptomyces genus and

all the fungi belong to the Helotiales order.

Key words : Screening, phosphate

solubilization,tricalcic-phosphate,

microorganisms, ericaceous shrubs.

PIV-69 : Biodiversity of the Fruit flies

(Diptera: Tephritidae) and their host plants in

Morocco

Younes El Harym& Boutaïna Belqat

Abstract:

Fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) are one of the

largest families of acalyptères Diptera, with 4300

species worldwide (Norrbom, 2004) including

several species, particularly belonging to the

subfamily Tephritinae, grow on plants of

Asteraceae (Freidberg & Kugler, 1989).

Few species infest their flower heads; they induce

the formation of galls in capitula, stems or roots

of Asteraceae (Freidberg, 1984). While other

species attack rather fruit (White & Goodger,

2009).

The Tephritidae are of agro-economic importance

and form one of the main common pests in all

Mediterranean countries; they attack the fruit and

cause decrease in productivity. It is very

important to know this pest that can destroy more

than 80% of a harvest. Fly attacks lead to

impairment of the quality of the fruit, causing an

increase in acidity.

In order to study the plant-microbe interaction, it

is first of all important and necessary to evaluate

the Tephritidae biodiversity in our territory,

separating the harmful species of those useful or

harmless.

Fruit flies of Morocco were sampled at 89 sites

along several regions during the last 3 years. 39




nominal species in 25 genera were identified of

which 15 species are new for the Moroccan

fauna. The objectives of this study are

summarized in the elaboration of a catalogue

bringing together all the species known from

Morocco with the range of their host plants, in the

establishment and maintenance of areas of

prevalence crowned by the presence of pests, fruit

flies.

Keywords: Fruit flies, Checklist, host plants,

Morocco.

PIV-70 : Nematophagous fungi as biocontrol

agent against root knot nematodes

Melodoigyne.spp

H. Tazi1, 2, M. Ait Hamza1, T.Mateille4,

S.Roussos3, H. Boubaker2, H. Lakhtar2, A. El

Mousadik1 1Université Ibn Zohr, Faculté des Sciences

d’Agadir, Laboratoire Biotechnologie et

Valorisation des Ressources Naturelles, BP 8106,

80000 Agadir, Morocco. 2Université Ibn Zohr, Faculté des Sciences

d’Agadir, Laboratoire Biotechnologie

Microbienne et Protection des Végétaux, BP

8106, 80000 Agadir, Morocco. 3 IRD, UMR IMBE (Aix-Marseille

Université/CNRS/IRD/Univ. Avignon), Faculté

des Sciences Saint Jêrome, case 421, 13397

Marseille Cedex 20, France. 4 IRD, UMR CBGP

(INRA/IRD/CIRAD/Montpellier SupAgro), 755

Avenue du Campus Agropolis, CS30016, 34988

Montferrier-sur- Lez Cedex, France.

Abstract

The Root-knot nematodes (RKN), Meloidogyne

spp., Are serious threat to many cultures around

the world, particularly greenhouse crops.

Nematicides are the most used method against

plant parasitic nematodes. However, the majority

of them was banned in developed countries

because of their negative effects on both the

environment and the human health. Hence

looking for other ecological and effective

management strategies has become a necessity.

Biological control is considered the most relevant

and least damaging approach as it is ecofriendly,

economically viable and offers a sustainable and

cost- effective alternative to chemical

nematicides.The nematophagous fungi have been

studied extensively as agents of biological

control. This work aims the isolation and

selection of nematophagous fungi from the soils

of Souss Massa Draa region (SMD), the strains

of fungi that have shown their efficacy against

plant parasitic nematodes will be used as a

bionematicides. The insolation is made from

different types of soils collected in the region,

galls and nematode eggs. The apical growth and

the production of spores were studied for 62

isolated strains including : Trichoderma,

Paecilomyces, Fusarium, Aspergillus, Penicillium

and Arthrobotrys. Seven strains have not been

identified.

Key words : Root-knot nematodes, Biological

control, nematophagous fungi, bionematicides

PIV-71 : Stimulation des défenses naturelles de

la pomme en post-récolte par le glucuronane et

les oligoglucuronanes extraits de l’algue verte

Ulva lactuca

Abouraicha El Faïza1*, El Alaoui-Talibi

Zainab1, El Boutachfaiti Redouan2, Petit

Emmanuel2, Courtois Bernard 2, Courtois

Josiane 2 Et El Modafar Cherkaoui1

1Laboratoire de Biotechnologie Valorisation et

Protection des Agroressources, Faculté des

Sciences et Techniques Guéliz, Université Cadi

Ayyad, Marrakech. 2Laboratoire des Polysaccharides Microbiens et

Végétaux, Université de Picardie Jules Verne,

IUT-GB Amiens, Avenue des facultés, Le Bailly,

F-80025 Amiens Cedex 1, France.

Email: [email protected]

Abstract

La stimulation des défenses naturelles des plantes

représente (SDN) une approche prometteuse en

terme de contrôle phytosanitaire qui répond

parfaitement au respect de l’environnement,

d’une agriculture durable et de sécurité

alimentaire tout en valorisant une ressource

naturelle abondante d’algues marines. Notre

travail s’inscrit dans ce contexte et a pour objectif

de rechercher des polysaccharides d’Ulvalactuca

élicitant les mécanismes de défense de la pomme

en post-récolte.

Ainsi, un polysaccharide d’Ulvalactuca, le

glucuronane (homopolymère non sulfaté) est isolé

et purifié à partir de l’ulve. La production

d’oligosaccharides (oligoglucuronane) à partir de

ce polymère est obtenue par différents procédés




biotechnologiques faisant intervenir une enzyme

spécifique, une glucuronane lyase purifiée à partir

d’une souche bactérienne Ochrobactrum sp.

baptisée PEC2. Les oligoglucuronanes (β-Δ-(4,5)-

oligoglucuronanes) présentent des degrés de

polymérisation moyens de 3. Le glucuronane et

son oligomère sont ensuite évalués à travers la

sévérité de la moisissure bleue causée par

Penicillium expansum et la moisissure grise

causée par Botrytis cinerea sur la pomme (cv

Golden Delicious) en post-récolte et via la

capacité de ces molécules saccharidiques à

induire les mécanismes de défense de la pomme.

Le traitement ponctuel de la pomme (5 mg.ml-1),

par les deux extraits saccharidiques a montré des

potentialités élicitrices intéressantes qui se

traduisent par un effet protecteur variable des

pommes contre les agents de pourriture bleue

(P.expansum) et de pourriture grise (B.cinerea).

Cette protection est globalement plus importante

suite au traitement par les oligomères de

glucuronane. En absence de tout effet

fongitoxique direct, l’action protectrice des

saccharides pariétaux de l’ulve serait plutôt

attribuée à la stimulation des défenses naturelles

des pommes en postrécolte, comme en

témoignent l’accumulation du peroxyde

d’hydrogène, les inductions de la catalase et de la

superoxyde dismutase ainsi que l’activation des

activités peroxydasiques.Il en est de même de

l’implication de la voie des polyphénols dans les

réponses de défense de la pomme qui s’est

traduite via l’induction des activités de la

phénylalanine ammonialyase et de l’accumulation

des phénols totaux.

Les résultats obtenus débouchent sur une voie

prometteuse de développement de moyens de

lutte appropriés pour la protection des cultures.

Mots clés : Stimulation des défenses naturelles

(SDN), pomme, post-récolte, Glucuronane,

Oligoglucuronanes, Penicillium expansum,

Botrytis cinerea, Ulva lactuca.

PIV-72 : Evaluation de l’activité antifongique

des extraits des fruits de Ziziphus lotus sur la

croissance mycélienne de Botrytis cinerea et

Rhyzoctonia solani

Amal Fennane, Chaïmae Raïs, Lamyae

Zouhair, Jamila Al Figuigui, Lahsen El

Ghadraoui, Abderrahim Lazraq

Université Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdellah,

Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Laboratoire

d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement,

Route d’Immouzer B.P. 2202, Fès.

Email of corresponding author :

[email protected]

Abstract:

Les extraits naturels des PAM contiennent une

variété de composés phénoliques auxquels sont

attribuées diverses activités biologiques. Dans la

présente étude on a tenté d’évaluer l’activité

antifongique des extraits éthanoliques et

méthanoliques préparés à partir des feuilles du

Zizyphus lotus de la région du Fès, sur la

croissance mycélienne de deux champignons

responsables de graves dommages chez plusieurs

produits de maraîchage à savoir : Rhyzoctonia

solani et Botrytis cinerea. In vitro, nous avons

préparé une série de dilutions des extraits

méthanoliques et hydro éthanoliques des feuilles

de zizyphus qui seront, par la suite, incorporés

dans un milieu de culture gélosé stérile. Un

fragment de champignon a été prélevé à partir

d’un tapis mycélien issu d’une culture jeune des

souches étudiées. Les boîtes ont été incubées à

25°C en conditions d’obscurité. Le suivi de la

croissance mycélienne a été effectué dès le

lendemain de l’inoculation jusqu’à une semaine.

Les analyses ont montré que les extraits

possèdent un pouvoir antifongique dont

l’importance varie selon le type de champignon.

L’extrait méthanolique a inhibé Rhyzoctonia

solani et Botrytis cinerea à 60 et 80mg/ml

respectivement, tandis que la CMI des deux

souches a été observée à 80mg/ml avec l’extrait

éthanolique. Ceci peut-être expliqué par l’apport

des composés phénoliques présents dans les

essences végétales de zizyphus lotus ayant une

activité biologique très marquée.

Ces données se montrent très prometteuses,

surtout que la plante de zizyphus possède des

propriétés antioxydants, anti-inflammatoires et

antimicrobiennes vis-à-vis de plusieurs

microorganismes.

Mots clés: activité antifongique, zizyphus lotus,

croissance mycélienne, composés phénoliques,

microorganismes.

PIV-73 : Comparison between toxicity of lead

and chromium in green beans and cherry

tomatoes grown in bioponic environment.





L. Azariz1, S. Elblidi2, A. Serghini2, L. Tahri2,

A. Yahyaoui1& M. Fekhaoui2

1Department of Biology, Faculty of Science,

University Mohammed V Rabat

2Department of Zoology and Animal Ecology,

Scientific Institute, University Mohammed V

Rabat.

Abstract

The toxicity of lead and chromium for green

beans, and cherry tomatoes was evaluated firstly

by the growth, production plants as well as their

accumulation in different parts of both plants

(roots, stems , leaves and fruits), and secondly, by

assessing the concentration in the water and soil

culture. Two tests were carried out; consist on

planting in bioponics in a BIOTOP device, which

the plants of green beans and cherry tomatoes

were exposed through their root system at

concentrations of 5 ppm, 10 ppm and 20 ppm for

each contaminant (lead and chromium) in a

nutrient solution. The results show that lead

greatly reduces the performance of the plants

while essentially accumulating at the roots with a

significant amount which also pass at the stem

and leaves, and lower as it passes through the

fruit. But for chromium no significant differences

were found for all growth and production

parameters, however its accumulation is also

made in the roots with grades increasingly weak

from roots to fruit

PIV-74 : Valorisation agroalimentaire du

caroubier du maroc : la mise en œuvre d’un

nouveau procede de decorticage des graines de

caroube .

Imane Lakkab1, Hanane El Hajaji1, Brahim El

Bali1 and Mohammed Lachkar1 1 Engineering Laboratory of Organometallic and

Molecular Materials “LIMOM”, (CNRST-URAC

19), Faculty of Sciences, University Sidi

Mohamed Ben Abdellah, Po. Box 1796 (Atlas),

30000 Fez, Morocco.


Abstract:

Le caroubier ou Ceratonia siliqua L., de la

famille des Caesalpiniaceae présente un grand

intérêt socioéconomique et offre de nombreuses

potentialités économique, sociale et

environnementale. Fruits et graines de la caroube

disposent de qualités indéniables dans la

fabrication de produits alimentaires,

pharmaceutiques…etc. En revanche et malgré le

développent remarquable de la production

marocaine d’année en année, et malgré que le

Maroc occupe la deuxième position dans la

production mondiale du caroubier le potentiel de

sous-exploitation et de sous-valorisation nationale

reste important. D’où vient la nécessité d’adopter

une approche stratégique de valorisation des

sous-produits de cette filière à savoir les graines

de caroube qui renferme l’endosperme qui

présente la matière basique de la fabrication de la

gomme de caroube qui est connue comme additif

alimentaire codée E410.

Dans un souci de préservation de

l’environnement et dans l’esprit de l’instauration

d’une chimie verte, des essais d’extraction de la

gomme de caroube en milieu non chimique ont

été entrepris.

Après récolte, les graines subissent une

décutilation et une dégermination. Les

endospermes ainsi nettoyés sont ensuite broyés

pour donner la gomme de caroube brute. L’étape

de purification consiste en une solubilisation de la

farine dans l’eau à température élevée et une

précipitation des galactomannanes à l’éthanol, la

dernière étape d’extraction consiste à faire un

blanchiment afin de préserver à la gomme de

caroube ces propriétés irréprochables. Les

résultats préliminaires obtenus sont très

encourageants. L’étude de la qualité de la gomme

obtenue est en cours.

Mots clés : Ceratonia siliqua, graines de

caroube, gomme, décorticage, purification,

blanchiment.

PIV-75 : Fungal endophytes diversity of leaves

of Pistacia atlantica Desf. of dayate El Gouffa

and dayate Aïat (Laghouat, Algérie)

Benfoddil Ouiza, Zareb Amina & Smail-

Saadoun Noria

Laboratoire Ressources Naturelles, Université

Mouloud Mammeri de Tizi Ouzou – Algérie.


Abstract






Pistacia atlantica Desf. is a spontaneous tree of

semi arid and arid area. This essence reflects a

great ecological and economic importance. Our

study concerned the subjects of dayate El Gouffa

and those of dayate Aïat (Laghouat, Algeria),

which are located in the arid climate. The aim of

this work consists of an approach of a diversity of

foliar endophytic fungi. The leaves were collected

in April out of ten healthy trees per daya. Twenty

leaves per subject are chosen for the culture on

P.D.A. The incubation was carried at ambient

temperature for 2 months. This is followed by a

morphological identification. At dayate El

Gouffa, the most abundant fungal endophytes are

Aspergillus, Epicoccum, Phoma and

Trichoderma. At dayate Aïat, Aspergillus and

Epicoccum genera are the most abundant. Several

genera present at dayate El Gouffa are absent in

dayate Aïat and vice versa. We can cite at El

Gouffa, Absidia, Apophysomyces, Arthrinium,

Bahusakala, Circinella, Colletotricum,

Gymnoascus, Hypoxylon, Penicillium,

Trichoderma and Verticillium. The fungi

recorded only at dayate Aïat belong to the genera

Cordyceps, Curvularia, Monilia, Nigrospora,

Paraphaerosphaeria, Phomopsis, Rhizoctonia

and Xylaria. Mutualist fungi provide to the Atlas

pistachio several benefits. Several factors may be

responsible for these changes between the two

dayas. Note however that dayate Aïat is more

degraded than dayate El Gouffa.

Keywords : Pistacia atlantica Desf., foliar fungal

endophytes, diversity, aridity, Algeria

PIV-76 : Genetic Diversity and Improvement

of Trifolium isthmocarpum Cultivars ( Forage

Species)

Kawtar Bennani

Faculté des Sciences de Rabat

[email protected]

Abstract

Moroccan clover (Trifolium isthmocarpum Brot.

Leguminosae), occurs in different habitats in

Morocco. It grows in saline areas where

traditional forage legumes cannot be cultivated.

Salt tolerance in Moroccan ecotypes of T.

isthmocarpum Brot. were evaluated in

greenhouse and compared with Australian

cultivar : Trifolium michelianum Savi. Paradana.

Plants were submitted to three irrigation

treatments using concentrations 0 mM, 80 mM

and 200 mM of NaCl, during 3 months. The

effects of salinity on growth, dry matter

production, shoot and root ion relations, leaf

water relation and gas exchange were determined.

Under stressed conditions, T. isthmocarpum was

more salt tolerant (p < 0.001) with a greater

survival rate and good dry matter production,

than T. michelianum. To tolerate salinity, T.

isthmocarpum and T. michelianum developed a

Cl- exclusion mechanism. However, the Cl-

exclusion was more important in T.

isthmocarpum than T. michelianum. On the other

hand, T. isthmocarpum accumulated more K+ in

shoots than other species, when exposed to

moderate and high levels of salinity. At 200 mM

of NaCl, the stress promoted a substantial degree

of stomatal regulation; but, in spite of this, T.

michelianum showed signs of leaf tissue

dehydration, decreases in relative water content

and osmotic potential values.

Keywords : Trifolium isthmocarpum, Crop

improvement, Leguminosae

PIV-77 : Study of the quality of a derivative of

Moroccan dates: Dkess (date paste)

Nazha Haddia1, Zakaria Mennane2, Réda

Charof2, El Hassan Berny3, Abdelhakim

Mardhy1, Et Ebrahim Kerak1


Qualité /Eco-toxicologie et Biodiversité, Faculté

des Sciences et Techniques, Mohammedia, Maroc

2. Laboratoire de microbiologie médical, Institut

National d’Hygiène, Rabat, Maroc

3Laboratoire de Biotechnologie et Biologie

Environnement et Qualité, Faculté des Sciences

Iben Tofail, Kenitra Maroc.

Abstract

The objective of this work is the study of the

quality of a derivative of Moroccan dates: Dkess

(date paste). This is the basis for Food Saharan

regions. Despite the sensitivity of Dkess to

alteration and that poses serious problems to

human health found that few studies conducted

on this product. The study was performed on 300

samples (100 samples of traditional pasta dates

(Dkess), 100 samples of semi industrialized pulp

and 100 samples of industrialized dates paste),

physico-chemical characteristics (4 criteria),

microbiological and hygienic (10 criteria) were




assessed against the standards. The results

showed that the quality of pulp is much more

developed than that of traditional pulp and semi

industrialized and this on all the criteria examined

whether physicochemical or microbiological

(42% of the samples of traditional pulp and 33%

of dough semi industrialized does not conform to

international standards). In addition, the poor

preservation of places of production causes an

alteration of traditional pasta and pasta semi

industrialized dates and their susceptibility to

contamination by microorganisms, and the

damage is even more important as storage

conditions and storage are not adequate. The

control of manufacturing processes and

preparation as well as the entire food chain of

these products must be improved to ensure the

health and safety of consumers.

Keywords : Morocco, dates, Dkess, quality,

microbiological study, physicochemical analysis.

PIV-78 : Effects of bioactive molecules

extracted from sesame seeds and oil on the

stability of different edibles oils

Rizki H.1, Nabloussi A.2, Kzaiber F.3, Latrach

H.1, Hafida H.1

1. Laboratory bioprocessing and biointerfaces,

Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, Beni-Mellal,

Beni-Mellal, Morocco

2. Plant Breeding and Plant Genetic Resources

Conservation Research Unit, National Institute of

Agricultural Research, Regional Centre of

Meknes, Morocco

3. Laboratory of applied spectro-chimie and

environnement, Faculty of Sciences and

Techniques, Beni-Mellal, Morocco

Abstract

Sesame (sesamum indicum) is considered to be

one of the first recorded plants; it has been used

extensively for thousands of years as a seed of

worldwide significance for edible oil, paste, cake,

confectionary purposes. The extensive usage of

sesame may be due to its highly content of

nutritious protein also, sesame seeds were found

to possess antioxidant and health promoting

activities, which can be highly correlated to their

total phenolic and lignans. Many studies were

conducted to investigate the health-promoting

effects of sesame in the world. In this study, our

aim is to evaluate the effects of phenolic contents,

lignans and tocopherols extracted from sesame

seeds and oil (fresh and roasted sesame seeds and

oil) on the stability of edibles oils (sun flower,

colza, soy) for 60 days, to promote them as

natural antioxidants,and comparing it with

synthetics antioxidants (BHA,BHT).

The evolution of the oxidation state was

measured by the acidity, peroxide, iodine and

specific extinction at 270 nm, and also the

determination of phenolic content, total lignans,

and assessment of the antioxidant activity.

The results showed that the oils containing

natural antioxidants and bioactive molecule from

sesame extracts have undergone oxidative

damage less pronounced than that of the reference

(without phenolic contents of sesame) at various

time of analysis.

It appears that the polyphenols, lignans and

tocopherols of sesame seeds and oil are effective

naturals antioxidants that presents no health risk

compared with synthetic ones.

Key words: Sesame, bioactive molecule, edible

oil, natural antioxidant, synthetic antioxidant.

PIV-79 : Etude de l’activité antimicrobienne

et de la résistance aux antibiotiques des

souches de bactéries lactiques isolées des

saumures d’olives vertes en fermentation

naturelle

Abdellaoui1 M., Abouloiafa1 H., Rokni1 Y.,

Bellaouchi1 R., Ghabbour1 N., Lamzira1 Z.,

Chihib2 N. E., Zinedine3 A., Saalaoui1 E. Et

Asehraou1* A.

1Laboratoire de Biochimie et Biotechnologies,

Faculté des Sciences, Université Mohammed

Premier, Oujda, Maroc. 2INRA-UMR UMET 8207-Equipe PIHM, CNRS-

INRA, Université de Lille, 59651 Villeneuve

d’Ascq Cedex, France. 3Département de Biologie, Faculté des Sciences,

Université Chouaib Eddoukkali, Eljadida.

*correspondance Asehraou

Abstract:

L’objectif de ce travail est d’étudier l’activité

antimicrobienne et la résistance aux antibiotiques

de souches de bactéries lactiques (LAB) associées

au processus de fermentation naturelle des olives

vertes marocaines de table. 56 souches isolées et

purifiées ont été étudiées. L’activité





antimicrobienne a été évaluée par la méthode de

diffusion sur milieu gélosé en testant le

surnageant, avec différents traitements (avec et

sans neutralisation, filtration sur 0.2µm…). Les

souches sensibles utilisées Micrococcusluteus,

Listeriainnocua et E. coli. Après incubation à

37°C, l’activité antimicrobienne des souches de

LAB a été évaluée par la mesure du diamètre

d’inhibition autour des puits. Les résultats ont

montré que 89,09% de souches de LAB sont

actives sur toutes les souches indicatrices

utilisées. 96,42% sont actives contre les

Micrococcus et Listeria (Gram+) et 98,21%

actives contre les Gram négatives.

La résistance aux antibiotiques a été étudiée par

la méthode des disques sur milieu solide. Les

antibiotiques testés sont Oxacilline (1µg),

Cephalotine (30µg), Vancomycine (30µg),

Amoxycilline (25µg), Erythromycine (15µg),

Ampicilline (10µg) et (25µg), chlorampénicol

(30µg). Les disques ont été déposés sur MRS

solide en boites de pétri préalablement

ensemencés par les souches de LAB jeunes.

Après 24heures d’incubation à 37°C, les

diamètres d’inhibition ont été mesurés. Les

résultats ont montré que la majorité des souches

de LAB sont résistantes à l’oxacilline, la

vancomycine, l’ampicilline (10 et 25 µg) ainsi

que le chloramphénicol. Vis-à-vis de

l’érythromycine et de la céphalotine, la majorité

des souches ont montré une grande sensibilité,

alors que vis-à-vis de l’amoxicilline, leur

sensibilité est modérée.

Mots Clés : bactéries lactiques, antimicrobien,

antibiotiques, fermentation, olives.

PIV-80 : Screening of Antibacterial and

Antioxidant Properties of Moroccan Garlic

(Allium sativum)

Siham Ourouadi, Aziz Hasib, Naima Zaki,

Abdelkarim Khiraoui, Hamid Moumene, Aziz

Ouatmane, Abdel-Ali Boulli

Laboratory of Environment and Valorization of

Agro ressouces, Faculty of Sciences and

Technology, University Sultan Moulay Slimane,

Beni Mellal, Morocco, B.P.523


Abstract

Garlic (Allium sativum) has been a favorite

additive in food for many years in various

cultures. It is known that it possesses

antimicrobial, antioxydant, anticancer and

antidiabetic properties. The bioactive components

of garlic are mainly responsible for the healing

properties and have a variety of antibacterial

activities. Moreover, Garlic is a good source of

total polyphenols content.

The aim of our study is to test the antibacterial

activity of aqueous extract of garlic against

Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia.coli and

Klebsiella pneumonia. and to study and compare

an antiradical activity, phenolic, flavonoid and

flavonol contents of five areas on Morocco.

Those contents were determined using

spectrophotometric method. Antioxidant

activities were studied using two methods: DPPH

and ABTS radical scavenging activity.

The results obtained showed that the aqueous

extract of garlic showed increased inhibitory

effect. The maximum antibacterial activity was

observed against Klebsiella pneumonia (22 mm)

and minimum activity against Escherichia.coli

and Staphylococcus aureus (12 mm). Moreover, it

turned out that total polyphenolic compounds and

antioxidant activities varied from one area to

another. The results showed, in general, a good

correlation could be found between antioxidant

activity and polyphenolic compounds.

It is concluded that the aqueous garlic extract can

be used to produce new therapeutics so it can be

used to develop new antimicrobials and it has

been found that the fives cultivar represent a good

sources of natural antioxidants and they could be

considered as useful sources of materials for

human health.

Keyword: Garlic, Allium Sativum, antibacterial

activity, antioxidant activity, polyphenol contents.

PIV-81 : Studies of Extracellular Enzyme

Profiles and citric acid production by

Aspergillus niger isolates from undervalued

dates

Bellaouchi1,*R., Hasnaoui1 A., Rokni1 Y.,

Hakkou1 A., Bechchari2 A., Chihib3 N. E. and

Asehraou1 A.

(1)Laboratoire de Biochimie et Biotechnologies,


Premier, Oujda.




(2)Institut National de la Recherche

Agronomique(INRA), Centre d’Oujda

(3)INRA-UMR UMET 8207-Equipe PIHM,

CNRS-INRA, Université de Lille, 59651 Ville

neuve d’Ascq Cedex, France.

*[email protected]/

[email protected]

Abstract

Citric acid is considered as the most important

organic acid, used as a natural preservative and

conservative. It is also used to add an acidic or

sour taste to foods and soft drinks. In addition,

extracellular enzymes are used in food,

beverages, confectionaries, textiles and leather

industries to simplify the processing of raw

materials.

In this study, fungal strains; isolated from

undervalued dates, were identified by their

morphological and microscopic characteristics,

and then screened for their citric acid production

capacity and extracellular enzymes profile. For

the screening of citric acid production, the spores

were inoculated in the fermentative liquid

medium and incubated for 144 hours at 30±1°C

under shaking. After incubation, the citric acid

concentration was measured by the method

described by (Marrier and Boulet (1958). The

highest concentration of citric acid was obtained

with Aspergillus niger S-7 at pH 6.0, at

temperature 30±1° C, using sucrose as carbon

source and ammonium sulphate as nitrogen

source.

On the other hand, thirty fungal strains

(Aspergillus niger), were screened for their

enzymatic capacities, including amylase,

cellulase, lipase, and protease. The results

obtained showed positive reaction of 72% of the

strains for amylase, 32% for lipase, 35% for

cellulase and 28% for protease.

Keywords: Aspergillus niger, screening, citric

acid, enzymes,date fruits.

PIV-82 : Improvement of the traditional

treatments of conservation of dates by the

method of planning experience

Taouda Hasnae1, 2*, Chabir Rachida1, Youssef

Miyah3,4 , Errachidi Faouzi 1, Arrab Lotfi 2

1 - Laboratoire de Physiopathologie et Nutrition,

Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Université

Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdelah, Fès, Maroc.

2- Laboratoire de Molécules bioactives, Faculté

des Sciences et Techniques Saiss, Université Sidi

Mohamed Ben Abdelah, Fès, Maroc.

3- Laboratory of Catalysis, Materials and

Environment, School of Technology, University

Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdellah Fez– Morocco. ‘4- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of

Medicine and Pharmacy, University Sidi

Mohammed Ben Abdellah Fez– Morocco

Abstract:

The Moroccan population directly consumes

great quantities of dry fruits or in the form of

ingredients in traditional preparations realized

during the festivities and the month of Ramadan,

however few information, microbiological and

biochemical on the quality of these foodstuffs, are

available. Initially, we considered it useful to

carry out a socio-economic survey on the

consumption of dried fruit in Fès , 120 people

were selected in a way random and

questioned,treatment results has been doing

through the software Sphinx plus2, in order to

identify and to evaluate the type of dry fruits

the most consumed . The results of this study

directed us towards the choice of the dry fruit

most consumed to study its hygienic quality, and

finally to adopt traditional techniques for its

treatment by using the method of planning

experience. The application of this treatment, the

monitoring of this type of food and the

installation of processes of conditionings

appropriate to close to the salesmen will be of

capital importance to improve hygienic quality of

dates and to save the consumers of this type of

food of the serious medical risks.

Key words: Dates, hygienic Quality, treatment,

Fès, Morocco

PIV-83 : Identification moléculaire (PCR-

Delta& PCR-ITS-RFLP) des levures dans les

vignobles de la plaine de Ghriss. Cépages :

Syrah et Grenache

Maizi Y. , Abbes N., Aissaoui R.

Faculté SNV – Université de Mascara

[email protected]

Abstract:

mailto:*[email protected]/





Le raisin est un fruit exemplaire de la diversité

microbienne. Dans ce cadre, nous avons exploré

dans la présente étude, la divergence de la flore

levurienne indigène dans les vignobles de la

région de Ghriss (Mascara) en collectant des

échantillons de raisin de deux cépages (Grenache

et Syrah).

Une grande diversité moléculaire de cette flore a

été mise en évidence, à l’aide de deux techniques

d’identification moléculaire :

PCR - ITS – RFLP (Polymorphisme de la région

ITS 1 – ARNr 5,8 S – ITS 2), Alors, 08 espèces

de levures différentes sur les 15 étudiées

appartenant à 7 genres différents ont été

caractérisées de façon approximative selon leur

profil moléculaire. Ainsi les souches étudiées ont

été caractérisées avec au maximum 02 enzymes

de restriction. Ces résultats ont permis d’enrichir

les bases de données, moyennement pourvues en

séquences ITS caractéristiques de genres ou

d’espèces de levure présentes sur les baies de

raisin.

PCR Delta qui est une étude supplémentaire qui a

permis de trier les levures, en saccharomyces et

les non saccharomyces.

Parallèlement, une étude microscopique

d’identification classique des levures a pu

renforcer ces résultats.

Parmi les espèces de levures identifiées :

Rhodotorula acheniorum et Metschnikowia

pulcherrima, Bretanomyces intermidius,

saccharomycopsie capsularis. Candida

mesentirica, Les espèces apiculées (Kloeckera

apiculata et Kloeckera apis), et la

Zygosaccharomyces bailii.

Keywords: Levures, Grenache, Syrah, Région

de Ghriss, PCR Delta, PCR - ITS - RFLP.

PIV-84 : Contribution à l’étude quantitative et

semi qualitative des composés phénoliques des

feuilles et graines de Moringa oleifera (arbre

de vie) de la région d’Adrar.

Mohamed Ouali Dinar(1)*, Gaceb-Terrak

Rabéa(1). (1) Laboratoire de Recherche sur les Zones Arides

(LRZA), Faculté des Sciences Biologiques,

Université des Sciences et de la Technologie

Houari Boumediene. BP. N°32. El Alia 16111

Bab Ezzouar, Alger (Algérie).

* e-mail : [email protected]

Abstract:

Le Sahara algérien se caractérise par la diversité

de ces ressources végétales, réservoir de

substances naturelles à intérêts majeurs pour la

santé de l’oasien.

La région d’Adrar dispose un important

patrimoine d’essences végétales spontanées et

parfois cultivées utilisées en thérapie

traditionnelle.

L’étude quantitative des composés phénoliques

notamment les flavonoïdes a mis en évidence par

spectrophotométrie d’une part la diversité du

feuillage et graines de Moringa oleifera en

anthocyanes et d’autre part en aglycones

flavoniques.

L’étude semi-qualitative par chromatographie sur

couche mince des flavonoïdes a révélé la richesse

des feuilles et graines de cette espèce en

aglycones flavoniques.

Mots clés : Sahara algérien, composés

phénoliques, anthocyanes, aglycones flavoniques,

Moringa oleifera

PIV-85 : Comparative Antibacterial Effect Of

Synthetic Saffron (Tartrazine) and Turmeric

(Curcuma longa)

R. Ait Hamou Ouhesseine, S. Lekchiri, M.

Tilaoui, Ma. Oukerrou, A. Jaafari, H. Ait

Mouse, A. Zyad*

Laboratory of Biological Engineering, Team of

natural substances, cellular and molecular

Immuno-Pharmacology Group, Faculty of

Sciences and Technology. Sultan Moulay

Slimane University, Béni Mellal, 23000 Morocco


Abstract:

Tartrazine (E102) is a monoazo pyrazolone dye

used mainly to color food products, drugs and

cosmetics. In addition, this food colorant is

largely used in cooking in Morocco and in

developing countries. The Current research aims

to compare the antibacterial effect of synthetic

saffron (The Tartrazine) and Turmeric or indian

saffron extracted from Curcuma longa. The

bacterial ATCC strains used are Staphylococcus

aureus, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas

aeruginosa. The Antimicrobial susceptibility tests

used were the antibiogramme test, MIC, MBC






and the positive control were Ofloxacin,

chloramphenicol and ceftriaxone.

Keywords: Turmeric, Tartrazine, antibacterial

tests.

PIV- 86: Preictive adhésion of Penicillium

digitatum and Penicillium italicumon on

oranges

Btissam Mayoussi, , Hafida Zahir1, Mostapha

Ellouali1Kaoutar El Fizazi1, Fatima Hamadi2

,Soukaina Soufiani1 ,Taoufik Hakim1,Hassan

Latrache1

1:Laboratory of Bioprocess and bio interfaces,

Faculty of Sciences and Techniques‐ Sultan

Moulay Slimane University, Beni Mellal

Marocoo,

2 : Laboratory of biotechnology and valorisation

natural ressources, faculty of sciences -University

Ibn Zohr, Agadir, Marocoo

E-mail of corresponding

author :[email protected]

Abstract:

Microbial adhesion to surface has been

recognised as resulting from physicochemical

interactions between microorganism and surface.

These interactions depend on the

physicochemical properties on both the substrate

and microbial cell surfaces.

It is well known that the fruit, after harvest, are

attacked by mold, which caused their alteration.

Rare studies have been reported the effect of

physico-chemical properties of the mold surface

on microbial adhesion on fruits.

A good understanding of the microbial adhesion

phenomenon of P. digitatum and P. italicum on

one variety of oranges (Navel), cannot be

achieved without the determination of

physicochemical characters (hydrophobicity and

the electron-donor,and electron –acceptor donor)

of this molds and the oranges by contact

anglesmeasurementsusing the approach proposed

by van Oss.

The adhesion of P. digitatum and P. italicum on

the orange substrata was predicted by the

XDLVO approach.Results shows that the

adhesion of P. digitatum and P.italicum on Navel

oranges was thermodynamically unfavorable.

Then, adhesion of Penicillium molds on Navel

oranges will be impossible ( ΔGTotal > 0).

The Predictive adhesion informs about the

potential of contamination on post-harvest

oranges.

Keywords: P. digitatum;P. italicum ; Predictive

adhesion ; oranges;

PIV-87 : Isolement de souches de bactéries

lactiques probiotiques à partir de saumures

d’olives vertes en fermentation naturelle

Abouloifa1 H., Abdellaoui1 M., Rokni1 Y.,

Bellaouchi1 R., Ghabbour1 N., Lamzira1 Z.,

Chihib2 N.E., Zinedine3 A., Saalaoui1 E. et

Asehraou1* A.

1 : laboratoire de Biochimie et Biotechnologies,


Premier, Oujda, Maroc.

2 : INRA-UMR UMET8207 - équipe PHM,

CNRS-INRA, Université de Lille, 59651 Ville

Neuve d’Ascq Cedex, France.

3 : Département de Biologie, Faculté des

Sciences, Université Chouaib Eddoukkali,

Eljadida

* correspondance : [email protected]

Abstract:

L’objectif de ce travail est la caractérisation des

propriétés probiotiques des souches de bactéries

lactiques (LAB) isolées des saumures d’olives

vertes en fermentation naturelle. Les échantillons

de saumure sont été prélevés en milieu industriel

et ensuite analysés pour leurs propriétés physico-

chimiques et microbiologiques. L’isolement des

souches de LAB probiotiques a été réalisé sur

milieu MRS agar, ensuite les souches obtenues

ont été étudiées pour leurs propriétés

phénotypiques et propriétés probiotiques

(résistance à la bile, aux pH acides et au NaCl).

Les résultats obtenus ont montré que les saumures

d’olives ont en moyenne un pH de 4,32, une

acidité de % 0,61. Ces valeurs rentrent dans la

gamme des valeurs tolérables par les LAB.

L’étude des propriétés phénotypiques a montré

que les souches isolées sont toutes Gram

positives, immobiles, catalase négatives, gaz

négatives. Elles sont représentées par des bacilles

(67,85%), des Coccobacille (19,64%) et des cocci

(12,51%). 89.28% de souches sont résistantes à

la bile (0.3%). Vis-à-vis du pH, 21,42% de

souches résistent à pH2, 30,35 % à pH 2,5,

et 100% à pH 3. Ces critères nous ont permis de

sélectionner 7 souches pour leur résistance à la






bile et aux pH acides étudiés. La combinaison de

la bile (0,3%) avec différents pH (2, 2,5 et 3) a

montré des niveaux de résistance des souches

étudiées qui sont 0%, 28,57% et 100%,

respectivement. Vis-à-vis du NaCl les 7 souches

étudiées ont montré une tolérance au NaCl

jusqu’à une concentration de 8%, au-delà de 8%

aucune souche n’a montré de croissance.

Mots clés : bactéries lactiques, probiotique,

fermentation, olives

PIV-88 : Isolation And Identification Of

Bacteria Degrading Sucrose Isolated From

Sugar Beet Roots

Mohamed Chenaoui1,2, Mouna Ouadghiri2,

Omar Benkhemmar1 and Mohamed Amar2

1 Laboratoire de Botanique, Mycologie et

Environnement, Faculté des Sciences - Université

Mohammed V Agdal, 4 avenue Ibn Battouta B.P.

1014 RP, Rabat, Morocco.

2 Laboratoire de Microbiologie et Biologie

Moléculaire, Centre National pour la Recherche

Scientifique et Technique – CNRST, Angle

avenue Allal El Fassi, avenue des FAR, Quartier

Hay Ryad, BP. 8027 Nations Unies, 10102,

Rabat, Morocco.

Corresponding author: Mohamed CHENAOUI

E-mail: [email protected]

Abstract:

Sugar beet is one of the two major sugar crops in

the world. In Morocco, it is the first important

source of white sugar after sugarcane, especially

in the region of Gharb. In fact, sucrose losses are

caused by physiological and biological processes,

such as respiration, germination and the action of

specific enzymes in sugar beet (invertase),

through the development of microorganisms on

the wounds of beet (i.e. edge breaks). The

objective of this study is the isolation,

identification and determination of the effect of

these bacteria on the sucrose content of sugar beet

roots, using phenotypic and genotypic

identification techniques.This study has allowed

the isolation of 123 isolates from sugar beet roots.

The results of phenotypic tests shows that of the

123 isolates, 67 are Gram negative and Gram

positive 56. The study of the degradation of

sucrose in vitro isolates allows us to distinguish 2

groups:

Group 1: 93 isolates are able to degrade 15%

sucrose.

Group 2: 83 isolates are able to degrade 20%

sucrose.

Genotypic study using BOXA1R-PCR,

sequencing 16S rRNA and bioinformatic results

analysis using databases (BLAST, Ez-Taxon),

and bioinformatic softwares (BioNumerics v7.5,

DNA baser) allowed to group 123 isolates into 23

clusters and identify 114 isolates grouped into 11

families, 20 genera and 41 species. In this study,

the results obtained have allowed us to infer that

sugar beet roots are a considerable bacterial

diversity (41 species). Indeed, these isolated

bacteria have a direct effect on the degradation of

sucrose in vitro.

Keywords: Isolation – Identification – Sugar beet

– Bacteria – 16sRNA – Sucrose

PIV-89 : Screening Of Rhizobacteria For

Their Plant Growth Promoting Activities

Sara Lebrazi1*, Marwa Chraibi1, Kawtar

Fikri-Benbrahim1

1 Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnology.

Faculty of Science and Technology. University

Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdellah.

*[email protected]

Abstract:

In addition to their high cost, the massive use of

chemical fertilizers has an adverse effect on the

environment and human health. Therefore,

alternatives solutions become a major necessity.

The use of rhizobacteria as rhizobia known by

their nitrogen fixing ability and phosphate

solubilization represents a promising approach in

this domain.

This study focuses on evaluating the ability of

endophytic bacteria isolated from root nodules of

Acacia sp., to solubilize inorganic phosphate and

produce indole acetic acid (IAA) under laboratory

conditions. Furthermore, these isolates were

evaluated for more other plant growth promoting

traits such as production of ammonia, hydrogen

cyanide (HCN), siderophores and their

antagonistic activity against some

phytopathogenic fungi.

On a collection of 80 tested isolates, we selected

ten which showed better inorganic phosphate

solubilization activity on National Botanical




Research Institute's phosphate growth agar

(NBRIP) supplied with 5% of tricalcium

phosphate. Subsequently, these isolates were

evaluated colorimetrically to determine the

amount of soluble phosphate on NBRIP broth. In

addition, the IAA production by synergism of

three the best IAA producers rhizobacteria (I22,

I69 and I75) was investigated. The selected

rhizobacteria could be a promising option for

overcoming the deficiency of phosphorus in soils

and improve the growth and development of

plants.

Keywords: rhizobacteria; phosphate

solubilization; indole-acetic acid; siderophore;

Synergy.

PIV-90 : Microbiological, biochemical, and

molecular identification (PCR-RFLP-ITS) of

the yeast from Sultana grape cultivated in Ain

Merane (Wilaya of Chlef)

1A.Boukhennoufa, 1N. Berber, 2R. Aissaoui, 1A. M. B. Bekada

1: Microbiology Laboratory (University

Abdelhamid Ibn Badis Mostaganem, Algeria)

2: bioconversion Laboratory (University

Mustapha Stambouli, Mascara, Algeria)

E-mail the corresponding author:

[email protected]

Abstract:

Grapes defined as the fruit of the vine, the most

cultivated in the world. It is considered a major

habitat of many spices levuriennes. But the

Identification and the isolation of yeasts can be a

problematic. This work aims to isolate, purify and

characterize levuriennes species from the sultana

grape ((Thompson’s seedless). grown locally by

some winegrowers in the region of Ain Merane

located in (Chlef, Algeria). Several tests were

performed (microbiological, biochemical and

molecular), two strains isolated from grape juice

obtained by simple grinding.

The microbiological identification gave two

different strains marked rough-orange and beige-

cream on the middle surface (YPG +

Gentamicin). While their types of sexual

reproduction was characterized by the presence of

two spores per asci for the first, and two to four

spores per asci for the second strain. However

biochemical identification of the two strains by

the API 20 C AUX, based on the fermentation of

sugars, confirmed that the two latter may belong

to the genera of Pichia and probably

Rhodotorula.

Pichia fermentans and Metschnikowia

pulcherrima were confirmed by a genetic

approach (PCR-RFLP) using two restriction

enzymes (Taq I, and HaeIII), ofthe region (ITSI,

5.8S rRNA, IITSI) amplified by PCR, the latter

was characterized by a size of 450 bp for Pichia

fermentans and 380 bp for Metschnikowia

pulcherrima.

Keywords: Grape, (Thompson's seedless), Taq I,

HaeIII, PCR-RFLP.

PIV-91 : CONTRIBUTION A LA

BIOCONSERVATION DE LA CREVETTE

ROSE « Parapenaeus longirostris »

Belmimoun A1.Belgharbi A1,Boukhari O2,et

Sahnouni F3.

1 : Laboratoire de Bioconversion,Genie

Microbiologie et Sécurité Sanitaire,Université de

Mascara

2 : Laboratoire de Biotoxicologie

Expérimentale,de Biodépollution et de

Phytoremédiation,Université d’Oran

3 : Laboratoire Réseau de Surveillance

Environnementale,Université d’Oran

[email protected]

Abstract:

La crevette rose (Parapenaeus longirostris) est

sujette à une altération se traduisant par un

noircissement au niveau du céphalothorax et des

articulations des pattes après six heures seulement

de leur pèche (phénomène de mélanose). Les

métabisulfites sont des agents répresseurs de la

mélanose les plus utilisées mais qui peuvent

malheureusement être à l’origine de crises

cardiaques chez cératines personnes. Dans notre

travail, nous essayons d’étudier l’effet du jus de

citron et du sel pris conjointement sur la qualité

de la crevette à deux températures de

conservation (0°C et 4°C). Les résultats obtenus

montrent que seule la marinade avec 20% de jus

de citron et 10%de NaCl semble être la plus

efficace pour ralentir le développement de la

mélanose des crevettes jusqu’à 6jopurs (avec un

temps de trempage de 2heurs, et une température

de conservation à 0°c). Cela a été prouvé avec les

résultats d’analyses physicochimiques,




organoleptiques et microbiologiques sur la

crevette pendant sa durée de conservation.

Mots clés : Bioconservation, crevette rose,

mélanose, qualité.

PIV-92 : Evaluation of fish coproducts

"Sardina pilchardus" serving biotechnology

Belkhodja Hamza, Boukhari Ouardia &

Sahnouni Fatima

Faculty of Sciences of Nature and Life,

Department of Biology, University of Mascara,

ALGERIA


Abstract:

Fish processing is a crucial sector for the nutrient

needs of humans, but it generates a significant

amount of waste estimated with 50%. It follows

the problem of dumping of waste in different

environments which increases environmental

pollution in particular the water environment. Our

work aims to exploit the waste of fish products

(edges, heads and guts) of the species Sardina

pilchardus as culture medium for microorganisms

such as Lactobacillus and E. coli. A culture

medium was developed for fastidious bacteria

such as lactic acid bacteria and for non-fastidious

bacteria such as E. coli. In this case, a universal

medium (MRS TGEA) was prepared as control.

The peptone of the modified culture medium was

replaced of by isolate obtained from fish waste.

Thus, we evaluated the waste of Sardina

pilchardus as a source of bacteria of industrial

interest among other lactic acid bacteria. Through

the physicochemical analyzes, the isolate

obtained has a high biological value (rich in

essential amino acids). The results indicate that

the use of this isolate must be accompanied with

other essential elements of culture (vitamin

compounds, essential amino acids, minerals) as

growth factors to optimize the growth of bacteria

involved.The physiological and biochemical

characterization makes finding 02 different

groups of lactic acid bacteria: Lactobacillus

fermentum and Lactobacillus spp. This work

allowed us to have a recovery method that

reduces the risk of pollution caused by different

fish processing industries. So we have contributed

to the preservation of our aquatic environment.

Keywords: Fish waste, Isolate, Lactobacillus,

Sardina pilchardus, Evaluation.

PIV-93 : The impact of co-inoculation with

PGPR bacteria on plant mineral nutrition

Bechtaoui Noura1, El Alaoui Abdelkhalek1,

Oubaha Brahim1, Benidire Loubna1, Göttfert

Michael 2, Oufdou Khalid1 1 Laboratory of Biology and Biotechnology of


Cadi Ayyad University, PO Box 2390,

Marrakech, MOROCCO 2 Technische Universität Dresden, Institut für

Genetik, Helmholtzstr. 10, D-01069 Dresden,

GERMANY

Abstract:

Phosphorus is an essential element for plants, its

deficiency severely limits crop yields.

Considerable part of P is concentrated in the

surface portion of soil under mineral or organic

configuration. Nevertheless, these forms of P are

no longer available because they react with soil

components, and only the soluble P in solution

may be collected by roots, or less than 0.5% of

total P. Certain rhizospheric bacteria have the

ability to solubilize the complex forms of P and

make them available to grow plants. These

bacteria in addition to improve the P nutrition,

they can activate the growth by production of

phytohormones and chelating substances. The

aim of this present work is to make a screening of

bacteria solubilizing P from agricultural soil and

to test the synergistic or antagonistic effect of

inoculation by certain strains on plant growth,

phosphorus and nitrogen nutrition. The in vitro

testing of solubilization capacity by 28 strains

was conducted in three culture media namely

NBRIY, TCP NH4Cl and TCPKNO3, containing

three distinct sources of complex P. The results

illustrate that NBRIY and TCP NH4Cl media

revealed more active bacteria, with a higher

DH/DC ratio especially using tricalcium and

monocalcium phosphate as a single-source of

insoluble phosphorus. The susceptibility of

bacteria to produce siderophores and auxins was

also evaluated via tests in solid and liquid media.

22 strains are able to produce a significant

quantity of auxins and siderophores in the used

media. After selection of some isolates having the

PGPR characteristics, we test the confrontation of

4 strains in single and co-inoculation with

rhizobia, on legume plant under greenhouse

conditions. Some symbiotic combinations are

induced an increase in biomass and P content of

plants compared with non-inoculated plants. In

this study, we prove that phosphate solubilizing




bacteria could be used as potential bio-fertilizers

and optimize the P retention capacity by plant in

deficient or poor soils.

Keywords: PGPR bacteria, phosphate

solubilizing bacteria, rhizospheric soil,

siderophores, auxins.

PIV-94 : Study of physicochemical properties

of the surface of actinomycetes isolated from

soil of Béni amir (Beni Mellal, Morocco)

Chorouk Zanane1, Mostafa El Ouali1,Hafida

Zahir1 ,Kaouter El Fazazi1 ,Bouchra

Mallouki1, Hassan Latrache1

1 Faculté de sciences et technique, Université

Sultan Moulay Slimane, Laboratoire de

Bioprocédés et Biointerfaces, Béni-Mellal,

Maroc.

Corresponding author:[email protected] (H.

Latrache).

Abstract:

Microbial adhesion to surfaces is the result of

physico-chemical interactions between the

surface of the microorganism. Actinomycetes are

filamentous bacteria Gram-positive. They are one

of the most versatile bacterial groups and most

important in ecology and biotechnology. adhesion

of these microorganisms and biofilm formation

are used for the selection of new characters taxa

physicochemical presenting different

biotechnological and environmental interest.

To predict adhesion and biofilm formation of

actinomycetes, the aim of this work is to study

the hydrophobicity and properties donor-electron

acceptor -electron of nine strains, isolated from

soil collected from the perimeter of Tadla area

Beni Amir, Morocco. Character surface of the

bacteria is determined by contact angle measuring

(CAM). Strains are grown in the liquid medium

Bennet. Measurements of physical and chemical

properties were performed in a high ionic

strength.

All tested strains express hydrophilic character

with values of ∆Giwii ranging from 12.72 to

38.12. These bacteria have a strong electron

donor character varies from 37.94 to 60.25 and an

electron acceptor character low varies from 1.88

to 9.05.

Keywords: Actinomycetes, soil, physicochemical

properties, contact angle, Béni Amir.

P-IV-95 .Role of Moroccan actinobacteria

isolates as biocontrol agents of root rot in

legumes caused by Aphanomyces euteiches

Oubaha Brahim, Nafis Ahmed & Barakate

Mustapha



Cadi Ayyad University, P.box 2390 Marrakech

40000.


Abstract:

Aphanomyces euteiches is a pathogenic fungus

that is responsible for root rot and seedling blight

in legumes. At an early attack, there is a reduction

of the growth and yellowing of the aerial parts of

the plants infested before flowering. Moreover,

the roots are completely necrotic, which causes

the lack of the functional nodes. The damages

caused by this plant pathogen generate socio-

economic losses recurring views the importance

of legumes as protein crops and as a basis of the

human nutrition. At present, there is no product to

control this pathogen and several studies have

reported that microorganisms could be an

efficient solution, respectful to the environment

and sustainable for biocontrol against plant

pathogens.

Therfore, a screening program of bioactive

compounds elaborated by actinobacteria isolated

in the Moroccan ecosystems was conducted.

After checking the virulence of the strain of A.

euteiches on pea seeds, 359 actinobacteria

isolates were screened for their ability to inhibit

in vitro the mycelial growth. The results obtained

showed that 87 were active and among these only

14 isolates have no effect in vitro against 5 strains

of rhizobia nodulating legumes.

Selected isolates were thereafter studied for their

ability to control seedling of peas in the presence

of A. euteiches and obtained results showed that 9

actinobacteria isolates inhibited significantly the

root rot of peas and could be potential biocontrol

agents against A. euteiches.

Keywords: Actinobacteria, screening, biocontrol,

legume, Aphanomyces euteiches

PIV-96 Les actinobactéries des milieux salins

Marocains : isolement, biodiversité et

screening des isolats bioactifs contre quelques

agents phytopathogènes.




Elamrani Zerifi Soukaina1, Soussi Omar1,

Samri Salah Eddine1, Nafis Ahmed1 Et

Barakate Mustapha1 1Laboratoire de Biologie et de Biotechnologie des


B.P.2390, Université Cadi Ayyad, Marrakech,

MAROC

Abstract:

Les environnements salins sont caractérisés par

une forte concentration en chlorure de sodium et

un pH hautement alcalin. Ces conditions extrêmes

sont considérées comme étant hostiles au

développement des microorganismes, à

l'exception des halophiles/halotolérantes.

La capacité d’adaptation de ces microorganismes

extrêmophiles au stress salin offre des

perspectives en termes d’application

biotechnologiques. Les actinobactéries

halophiles/halotolérantes ont acquis une grande

importance en tant que nouvelle source

prometteuse de composés bioactifs, elles sont

ainsi capables de produire une variété de

composés bioactifs, y compris des antibactériens,

des antifongiques, des antiviraux, des enzymes,

des antitumoraux et des immunosuppresseurs.

L’objectif de ce présent travail est l’isolement des

actinobactéries à partir d’environnements salins

marocains (lac Zima et région de Demnate), ainsi

que l’étude de leur diversité et leur capacité à

produire des substances bioactives à usage

agricole.

Les différents échantillons collectés (sol,

sédiment et eau) ont été caractérisés, puis

différents prétraitements et six milieux de culture

ont été utilisés afin de favoriser d’isolement des

actinobactéries. Les résultats obtenus ont montré

que les milieux Extrait de sol, Saline Nutrient

Agar (SNA) et Chemically Defined Medium

(CDM) sont les plus appropriés pour l’isolement

des actinobactéries à partir du sol, sédiment et

eau, respectivement.

L’étude de la diversité en se basant sur les séries

de couleur du mycélium aérien selon

International Strepromyces Project des 182

actinobactéries isolées a montré d’abord une

grande diversité des isolats des échantillons de la

région de Demant par rapport à ceux du lac Zima

ainsi qu’une dominance de la série blanche (24%)

et crémeuse (23%). Par ailleurs, environ la moitié

des isolats purifiés produisent des pigments

diffusibles dans le milieu de culture Bennett. En

outre, l’étude de la tolérance des isolats purifiés à

différentes concentrations de NaCl a montré que

le nombre des actinobactéries halotolérantes est

plus important (89%) que celui des halophiles

(11%). Le screening de la totalité des isolats

(182) pour leur capacité à produire des substances

antimicrobiennes sur milieu solide vis-à-vis de

quelques agents phytopathogènes a montré que

22% des isolats présentent une activité

antifongique contre au moins l’une des six

moisissures phytopathogènes tests et que 40%

d’entre eux présentent une activité antagoniste

contre au moins l’une des trois bactéries

phytobathogènes testées. En outre, le criblage des

isolats doués d’activité chitinolytique a montré

que 43% des isolats testés sont capable de

produire de l’enzyme chitinase.

L’ensemble des résultats obtenus ont montré la

grande diversité des actinobactéries halophiles

marocaines ainsi que leur capacité à produire des

substances antimicrobiennes et d’enzyme, ce qui

permet d’envisager leur application en tant

qu’agents potentiels de biocontrôle contre les

agents phytopathogènes ainsi que les insectes

nuisibles.

Mots-clés :Ecosystème salin, Actinobactéries,

Isolement, Diversité, Criblage, Substances

bioactives, biocontrôle.

PIV-97 : Isolement et criblage de bactéries

actinomycétales productrices de molécules

antimicrobiennes à partir de sol salin dans la

région de Taza-Maroc.

El Karkouri A1, Ait Assou S2, El Hassouni M2.

1 : Laboratoire des Ressources Naturelles et




Maroc.

2 : Laboratoire de Biotechnologie (LB), Equipe

de Biotechnologie des microorganismes, Faculté

des Sciences Dhar El Mahraz, Université Sidi

Mohammed Ben Abdellah, Fès-Maroc.


Abstract:

Les bactéries de la famille des Actinomycètes,

habitants naturel du sol, retiennent

particulièrementnotre attention et semblent être

d'excellentes candidates productrices

desubstances aux propriétés intéressantes. Les

actinomycètes en général, et plus particulièrement





les Streptomycessont également d'importance

médicale et industrielle parce qu'ilssynthétisent

des antibiotiques de structures très diverses et en

quantitéabondante. Le contrôle des

microorganismes pathogènes par les produits de

synthèse a perdu son attraction en raison de

l’apparition des souches résistantes et à cause de

leurs effets indésirables sur l’environnement,

d’où la nécessitée de chercher des

microorganismes antagonistes comme moyen de

bio-contrôle. L’objectif de notre travail est de

chercher des actinomycètes ; connus par la

production de métabolites secondaires

biologiquement actifs ; pour les utiliser dans la

lutte biologique contre les microorganismes.

Au début, cinquante isolats d’actinomycètes sont

isolés sur milieu caséine amidon agar (CSA) à

partir de sol des bassins d’évaporation de l’eau

salée dans la région de Taza-Maroc et purifiés sur

le milieu ISP2

(International Streptomyces Project). En suite,

l’activité antimicrobienne de 22 isolats

d’actinomycètes est testée sur 5 souches

bactériennes à Gram-négatif (Dickeya solani

IP2222, Pectobacterium brasiliensis 13471a,

Escerichia coli K12, Proteus mirabilis et

Pseudomonas aeruginosa CECT118) et 3 souches

bactériennes à Gram-positif (Listeria innocua

CECT4030, Staphylococcus aureus CECT976 et

Bacillus subtilis DSM6633) et une levure :

Candida alibicans. L’activité antimicrobienne est

déterminée en utilisant trois milieux de culture,

de composition chimique différente : (i) Milieu

Bennett, (ii) Milieu SCA et (iii) Milieu Mueller-

Hinton et deux températures d’incubation : 30°C

et 37°C.

Mots clés: sol salin, actinomycètes, lutte

biologique.

PIV-98 : Screening for rock phosphate

solubilizing actinobacteria from a Togolese

phosphate mine

Hanane Hamdali1,2, Koriko Moursalou3, Gado

Tchangbedji3, Yedir Ouhdouch4 and

Mohamed Hafidi1 1Faculté des Sciences Semlalia, Université Cadi

Ayyad (UCAM), Laboratoire d’Ecologie and

Environnement, Marrakech Morocco. 2Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université

Sultan Moulay Slimane, Laboratoire de Gestion

et Valorisation des Ressources Naturelles, Béni

Mellal Morocco. E-mail:

[email protected]

3Faculté des Sciences Université de Lomé,

Laboratoire de Gestion, Traitement et

Valorisation des Déchets BP 1515 Lomé Togo.

4.Faculté des Sciences Semlalia, Université Cadi

Ayyad (UCAM), Laboratoire de Biologie et de

Biotechnologie des Microorganismes, Marrakech

40000 Morocco.

Abstract:

A phosphate mine from Togo, an original biotope

rich in insoluble rock phosphate (RP), was

explored for the presence of RP solubilizing

actinobacteria. One hundred and fifty

actinobacteria isolates originating from this mine

was tested for their ability to grow on a synthetic

minimum medium (SMM) containing insoluble

RP as unique phosphate source. Only 29 isolates

(19%) were able to weather RP in SMM medium.

Five isolates showed the most active growth and

solubilization capability. These isolates were

shown to be able to solubilize RP in liquid

cultures. The study of mechanisms involved in

these weathering processes indicated that the

isolates produce siderophores but not organic

acids. Four of these strains were shown to belong

to the genus Micromonospora and one, to the

genus Streptomyces.

Key words: Actinobacteria, isolation,

characterization, Togolese phosphate mine, rock

phosphate solubilization.

PIV-99 : Isolation and Screening of

Actinomycetes from Algerian soil for their

Enzymatic and Antimicrobial activities

Ouelhadj Akli1, Ben Yaou Akli1, Peter

Kuschk2, Djenane Djamel1 1Laboratory of Food Quality and Security;

University of Mouloud Mammeri; Tizi ouzou;

Algeria 2Department of Environmental Biotechnology,

UFZ, Leipzig, Germany

Abstract:

The constant evolution of bacterial resistance to

antibiotics and the emergence of new infectious

diseases is a major public health problem; hence

the urgent need for new antimicrobial molecules.

Actinomycetes, a slow growing gram positive

bacteria, are known as an organism that is useful

in the search for bioactive compounds. In this

study, 27 isolates of actinomycetes were isolated





from soil samples collected in the area of Tizi

ouzou region (northern Algeria). A significant

difference in the number of colonies was

observed between the different culture media

(Bennett, GLM and Sabouraud). After

purification, the antibacterial activity of the

twenty-seven actinomycetes strains was tested

against three bacterial strains from the ATCC

collection (Escherichia coli ATCC 25922,

Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853, and

Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923) by two

agar diffusion methods: the perpendicular streak

method and the agar cylinder method. Among 27

isolated strains, 13 showed antibacterial activity

toward at least one bacterium in the primary

screening. Of the 13 strains showing an

antibacterial activity, 5 of them were found to be

highly active against Staphylococcus aureus with

inhibition diameters ranging from 20 to 26 mm.

The 27 isolates were then subjected for enzymatic

activities. From the test, only 3 strains of isolates

have the ability to degrade cellulose; 4 showed

amylase and 3 protease activities. The

isolatesshowed positive results were then selected

for identification.

Keywords: Actinomycetes; Antibacterial

activity; Enzymatic activity; Bioactive

compounds; Multiresistant bacteria.

PIV-100 : Predictive adhesion of Lactic Acid

Bacteria to Moroccan Arbiquine olives

Soukaina SOUFIANI1, Mohamed

BENSALAH1, Hafidazahir1, Hajar

KOUBALI1, Kaoutar ELFAZAZI1, Mostapha

ELLOUALI1, Hassan LATRACHE1.

1: Laboratory of Bioprocess and bio interfaces,

Faculty of Sciences and Techniques‐ Sultan

Moulay Slimane University, Beni Mellal

Marocoo,

E-mail of corresponding author:

[email protected]

Abstract:

During the fermentation process of table olives,

lactic acid bacteria have a strong ability to

survive in the brining step. Their adherence to

olives is the first step in fermentation process; it

is result of interfacial interaction governed by

physicochemical proprieties of both surfaces (the

surface of the lactic acid bacteria and olives).

To better understand the phenomenon of

adhesion, we have studied the physicochemical

characteristics of these bacteria and surface of the

Moroccan Arbiquine olives. The characterization

was carried out with the measurement of contact

angle, using three solvents: water, formamide,

and diiodomethane. The results were coupled to

the equation of Young Van Oss, which allowed

us to calculate the energy of the surfaces (γs), the

component of Vander Waals (γlw ) and the

character electron donor (or Lewis base) (γs-) and

electron acceptor (or Lewis base) (γs+).

Based on the results of the predictive adhesion

and the free energy of adhesion ΔGtot, it was

concluded that the adhesion of lactic acid bacteria

on the Moroccan Arbiquine olive is very

favorable and it varies depending on the stage of

maturation of the Moroccan Arbiquine fruit. In

fact the surface of the green olives presents an

adequate support for the adhesion of lactic acid

bacteria followed by the surface of the rotating

olives. However, the proportion of adhesion is

very low on top of the black olives.

Keywords: fermentation, lactic acid bacteria,

Olives, Moroccan Arbiquine, Adhesion,

Predictive adhesion.

PIV-101 : Hydrolyse des caséines par les

protéases de bactéries lactiques et activité anti

bactérienne des hydrolysats

Salima Roudj, Hayet Aouimeur, Halima Zadi

Karam, Nour Eddine Karam

Laboratoire deBiologie des Microorganismes et

Biotechnologie. Université Ahmed BenBella,

Oran 1, Algerie.


Abstract:

La protéolyse est réalisée par le système

protéolytique des bactéries lactiques, composé de

protéases de paroiquiorientent l’hydrolyse des

protéines, les transporteurs de peptides et les

peptidases.Cette protéolyse peut générer des

peptides dont certains ont été identifiés

biologiquement actifs.

Deux souches lactiques Lactobacillus

plantarumBH14 et LactococcuslactisLCL isolées

de lait de chamelle et de lait de vache

respectivement ont été étudiées pour leur profil

d’hydrolyse des protéines du lait et leur aptitude à





sécréter les protéases dans les milieux de culture.

Leur caractère protéolytique a été révélé sur

gélose au lait.

L’activité des protéases extracellulaires et

l’activité d’une enzyme digestive la trypsine

examinées sur les caséines en solutionont été

évaluéespar dosage au FolinCiocalteu et par la

détermination du degré d’hydrolyse (DH).

Par la suite l’activité antibactérienne des

hydrolysats obtenus a été évaluée envers une

bactérie Echerichia colià l’aide de la méthode de

diffusion.

Les résultats obtenus ont montré

queLactobacillus plantarumBH14 est plus

protéolytique que LactococcuslactisLCL et que

les deux souches sont capables de sécréter les

protéases dans le milieu de culture lorsqu’elles

sont cultivées en présence de lait.

L’activité des protéases extracellulaires de

Lactobacillus plantarum BH14 sur les caséines

en solution est la plus élevée

comparativementaux protéases de

Lactococcuslactis LCL mais les caséines ont

montré une sensibilité plus grande à la trypsine.

Le degré d’hydrolyse DH exprimé en

pourcentage a montré l’efficacité la plus élevée

pour la trypsine puis les protéases de la souche

BH14.

L’activité antibactérienne révélée par l’apparition

de zone d’inhibition a été observée pour les

hydrolysats de caséines obtenus par la trypsine et

les protéases de Lactobacillus plantarumBH14.

Mots clés : Bactéries lactiques, activité

protéolytique, protéases, trypsine, hydrolysats de

caséines, activité antibactérienne

PIV-102 : Stress acide chez les lactobacilles

Faiza Boublenza, Adila Bouhta, Halima ZADI

KARAM, Nour Eddine KARAM

Laboratoire deBiologie des Microorganismes et

Biotechnologie. Université Ahmed BenBella,

Oran 1, Algerie.


Abstract:

L’adaptation des bactéries à des variations

environnementales est un phénomène essentiel à

leurs survies ainsi qu’à leurs développements.

Cette étude a pour but de comprendre les

mécanismes de réponse due à un stress développé

par les bactéries lactiques notamment

leslactobacilles.

Dans cette étude nous avons testé deux souches

BH14 ( Lactobbacillus plantarum) et

CHTD27(Lactobacillus brevis) isolées du lait de

chamelle.

L'effet du stress acide sur les bactéries montre

que le type de stress appliqué sur ces bactéries

(stress choc ou prolongé) affectent leurs capacités

de se multiplier ainsi que leurs vitesses de

croissances de manière différente. La croissance

de ces bactéries à différents pH nous a permis de

déterminer le pH minimal de croissance.

Une adaptation des cellules montre que celle ci a

des effets bénéfiques sur la vitesse de croissance

cependant la phase de croissance impliquée

(exponentielle ou stationnaire) joue un rôle dans

la résistance a ce stress.

La comparaison entre les différentes phases de

croissances dans les différents pH des deux

souches ainsi que le dénombrement cellulaire

nous induit à une conclusion, la BH14 est plus

résistante que la CHTD27.

L'application de l'électrophorèse SDS-PAGE a

permis de mettre en place un profil protéique

qualitatif permettant la mise en évidence de

protéines impliquées dans le stress acide.

Le stress acide chez les bactéries lactiques est un

sujet intéressant, l'étude approfondie ne peut être

que bénéfique, la BH14 a montré une grande

résistance à un pH très acide, on peut supposer

qu'elle peut résister au pH gastrique ce qui fera

d'elle une bonne candidate en tant que

probiotique.

Mots clés : Lactobacillus-stress acide-adaptation-

résistance-SDS page.

PIV-103 : Proteolyse et autolyse de souches de

bacteries lactiques d’origine laitiere

MESSAOUI Hayet Email :

[email protected]., ROUDJ S. Email :

[email protected]., ZADI-KARAM H.

Email : [email protected]., KARAM N.

Email : [email protected]

Abstract:




Introduction. Les bactéries lactiques participent

à l’affinage des fromages grâce à leurs enzymes

protéolytiques. Leur aptitude à s’autolyser et

libérer leur contenu enzymatique est une

importante caractéristique pour l’élaboration des

fromages.

Objectif. Afin de sélectionner des souches

performantes, la caractérisation technologique de

24 souches de bactéries lactiques d’origine

laitière a porté sur l’étude de leurs activités

protéolytique et autolytique. Matériel et

méthodes. Le criblage de l’activité protéolytique

a été effectué sur milieu agar-MRS-lait. La

présence de protéases dans le milieu de culture a

été recherchée sur gélose au lait. L’hydrolyse des

substrats chromogènes (L-leucyl-paranitroanilide

; glycyl-prolyl-paranitroanilide) a été suivie à 410

nm. L’aptitude à l’autolyse a été estimée en

mesurant la diminution de la DO. Résultats.

Toutes les souches expriment une activité

protéolytique liée à la paroi bactérienne. Les

diamètres de clarification les plus importants pour

la protéolyse extracellulaire ont été révélés par les

souches CHM16, 18, 19 et 20 (676 à 729mm2).

Les activités leucyl-aminopeptidasique (AAP) et

glycyl-prolyl-dipeptidylaminopeptidasique

(ADAP) sont faiblement exprimées par les isolats

CHM et LVK tandis qu’elles sont présentes chez

les souches LCL, CHTD27 et 29, BH14 et 21

(AAP : DO de 0.97 à 2.97 ; ADAP : DO de 0.38 à

0.39). Ces dernières ont montré une importante

activité autolytique (de 57 à 70%) avec un

optimum à des températures proches de leurs

températures optimales de croissance, à des pH

proches de la neutralité et en présence de 0.5 à

1M de NaCl.

Conclusion. Les souches testées ont exprimé des

critères de sélection requis pour des applications

technologiques.

PIV-104 : L’importance du cactus dans la

fermentation lactique et la technologie

alimentaire (Meknès, MAROC)

Bou-Idra Mohamed,1,3,2 , Bentyeb Ammar2, El

Ghazi Filali Fouzia 1 Hakima Bahri3

1 : Equipe : Microbiologie et Santé, Faculté des

Sciences, Université Moulay Ismail, Meknès.

2 : Equipe : Physico-chimie de la Matière

Condensée, Faculté des Sciences, Université

Moulay Ismail, Meknès.

3 : Equipe : Agronomie et Amélioration des

plantes Ecole nationale d’agriculture, Meknès.


Abstract

Les dernières décennies sont marquées par

l’intérêt particulier porté à la mise en valeur des

plantes à intérêt médicinal et alimentaire comme

sources de substances bioactives naturelles.

Et aussi afin de tirer profit du potentiel nutritif et

médicinal de cactus, leur incorporation sous

forme de jus dans les aliments, pourrait constituer

une alternative pour leur exploitation surtout dans

les industries alimentaires.

Les répercussions des paramètres sur la qualité

hygiénique, physico-chimique,nutritionnelle et

organoleptique du yaourt ont fait l’objet de

nombreux travaux de part le monde qui ont

montré la relation très étroite qui existe entre la

nature de la matière première ainsi que les

procédés technologiques utilisés pour l’obtention

d’un produit élaboré répondant aux normes

requises et aux exigences de plus en plus

aiguisées du consommateur. L'un des moyens de

relier les paramètres influençant la fabrication du

yaourt et les normes exigées de qualités du

produit fini est l’expression mathématique du

procédé. Il s'agit d'associer des mesures

classiques et des modèles mathématiques afin

d'estimer et/ou de prédire les grandeurs clés

caractéristiques du produit et des procédés.

Nos travaux s’inscrivent dans cette perspective,

en abordant la composition du cactus et les

possibilités d’enrichissement des produits laitiers

en vitamine C, fibres, polyphénols.

Au niveau de laboratoire les cactus exploités

offrent une composition optimale en molécules

bioactives et d’intérêt nutritionnel. Ils ont un

impact important sur la croissance et le

développement des bactéries lactiques.

Le rôle du cactus dans le développement durable

des territoires ruraux du Maroc et de Meknès en

particulier. Ses fonctions écologiques,

médicinales, alimentaires et socio-économiques

doivent être.

Mots clé : Cactus, bactérie lactique, yaourt

PIV-105 : Formulation du yaourt à base du

cactus (Meknès, MAROC)



1 : Equipe : Microbiologie et Santé, Faculté des






2 : Equipe : Physico-chimie de la Matière


Moulay Ismail, Meknès.


plantes Ecole nationale d’agriculture, Meknès.


Abstract

L’Opuntia ficus indica ou figuier de barbarie, est

une plante de type CAM (Crassulacean Acid

Metabolism) [1] qui présente des adaptations

physiologiques et morphologiques, lui permettant

de résister aux conditions difficiles des régions

arides et semi arides [2]. En outre, les jeunes cladodes ou "nopalitos" sont

consommés comme légume dans certains pays

d’Amérique du Sud, dont le Mexique.Ces

cladodes qui contiennent différentes molécules

bioactives et fonctionnelles dont les flavonoïdes,

sont particulièrement riches en fibres et

minéraux.

Dans le domaine alimentaire, les jeunes cladodes

sont utilisées au Chili et au Mexique, pour

préparer la poudre de cladodes, les confitures,

marmelade et divers plats. Leurs mucilages qui

constituent un apport de fibres alimentaires,

améliorent la digestion, ont aussi des propriétés

gélifiantes et épaississantes. Ce qui justifie leur

introduction comme épaississant à la place des

carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) provenant de la

modification de la cellulose. Leurs fibres ouvrent

ainsi, de nouvelles perspectives dans la

préparation et la formulation des aliments.

Au Maroc, comme dans les autres pays du

Maghreb, l’utilisation fourragère des cladodes est

peu développée si l’on excepte leur utilisation

pendant les périodes de sécheresse difficiles[3]. Quand à l’utilisation des jeunes cladodes dans

l’alimentation humaine, elle est pratiquement

méconnue. Les habitudes alimentaires constituent

encore un frein à l’utilisation maraichère des

jeunes cladodes, contrairement aux pays

d’Amérique du Sud ou la consommation qui ne

cesse d’augmenter dépasse 6.36 kg/ an/personne.

Afin de tirer profit du potentiel nutritif et

médicinal des cladodes d’Opuntia, leur

incorporation sous forme d’ingrédient dans les

aliments, pourrait constituer une alternative pour

leur exploitation.


en abordant la composition des cladodes selon le

stade développement et les possibilités

d’enrichissement des produits laitiers en vitamine

C, fibres, polyphénols. Les cladodes qui on a

exploitées sont sélectionnées, en fonction du

stade de croissance offrant une composition

optimale en molécules bioactives et d’intérêt

nutritionnel . Ainsi abordé l’impact lié à

l’addition du jus de cladodes pour

l’enrichissement des produits laitiers, à travers

leur effet surla croissance des bactéries lactiques ,

d’une part ,et sur le procédé de fabrication

notamment : l’acidification, l’évolution des

sucres et des mucilages en cours de fermentation,

et l’effet sur les caractéristiques sensorielles du

yaourt, d’autre part.

Mots clés : Opuntiaficusindica, jus de cladodes,

composition, mucilage, bactéries lactiques.

Références bibliographiques

[1]. Nobel, P.S,1988, in Barbera, G., Inglese, P.,

etPimienta-Barrios, P., (Eds.), Agro

ecology,cultivation and uses of cactus pear (pp.

36–45). FAO Plant Production and Protection,

Paper: 132.

[2]. Oppenheimer HR, 1962: recherche sur la

zone Aride échanges hydrique des milieux arides

et semi aride. Compte rendu de la recherche de

l’UNESCO

[3]. Sudzuki Hills, 1995. Anatomy and

morphology inBarbera G et al . J (eds), Agro-

ecology, cultivation and uses of cactus pear,

FAO. Plant product and protect Division Paper

132, Rome (Italy), 28-35.

PIV-106 : PGPR traits of Heavy Metals

Resistant bacteria: Application in

Phytoremediation

N. Tirry, N. Tahri Joutey, H. Sayel, W.

Bahafid, A. Kouchou, M. Asri, N. El

Ghachtouli

Laboratoire de Biotechnologie Microbienne,

Faculté des sciences et Techniques, Université

Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdellah Fès.

[email protected]

Abstract:

Phytoremediation has been considered as a novel

environment friendly technology, which uses

plants to remove or immobilize heavy metals,

However, most plants that could accumulate high

concentrations of heavy metals (i.e.,

hyperaccumulator) are not suitable for field

applications due to their small biomass and slow

growth. To avoid these problems, the use of






Metal-resistant plant growth-promoting bacteria

can be considered as an important

phytoremediation technology for enhancing

biomass production as well as tolerance of the

plants to heavy metals. In this study we tested

bacterial isolates resistant to heavy metals Cr, Zn,

Cu, Ni, Pb and Co for PGPR characters

(phosphate solubilization, Production On IAA,

siderophore and HCN ...). The results showed that

37.14% of bacterial isolates have a capacity of

phosphate solubilization, 28.57% are able to

produce siderophores and we found that all

isolates have the ability to produce IAA. Isolates

that satisfy both heavy metal resistance and plant

growth promotion characteristics have potential

for application in microbially assisted

phytoremediation approaches for depollution of

heavy metals contaminated soils.

Keywords: Phytoremediation; Heavy metals;

Bioaugmentation; plant growth-promoting

bacteria

PIV-107 : Bioremediation of landfill leachate

using microorganisms

Yassine Zegzouti* , Loubna El Fels1,2 ,Aziz

Boutafda, Amine Ezzariai Miloud El Hadek,

Mohamed Hafidi1

Laboratory of Ecology and Environment (L2E)

(Unit associated with the CNRST, URAC 32,

Unit

associated with the CNERS, Faculty of Science

Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University, the Faculty of

Sciences at University Ibn Zohr – Agadir



*Corresponding author : zegzouti-

[email protected]

Abstract:

Landfilling is the most popular way for Municipal

Solid Waste (MSW) disposal and has been widely

applied in the world. However, the landfill

leachate of MSW contains high concentration of

organic and inorganic contaminant which may

causes significant threat to surface water and

groundwater.In Morocco, most landfills are

usually open dumps/unlined landfills. Only a few

of them which has been constructed within the

scope of the National Household Solid Waste

Program (NHSWP) launched in 2007, can be

regarded as Sanitary landfills, indicating that they

were designed and constructed according to

engineering specifications. Landfill leachate from

the uncontrolled dumping sites, must be managed

on a daily basis and for many years after a landfill

is closed. This could burden the municipalities

with more costs. The bioremediation, which

refers to use of microorganism to degrade

contaminants, is a suitable solution to tackle this

problem and clean up the uncontrolled landfills in

Morocco in an effective and economic way

In this context, the key component of our research

study is to confirm the role of indigenous

microflora in treatment of the leachate of the

municipal waste landfill plant in Marrakech and

Agadir city. Twelve I1-I12 and J1-J12 strains

were isolated from municipal landfill plants in

Marrakech and Agadir respectively, and were

tested for their ability to grow on various

concentration (20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, 100%) of

leachate incorporated with agar-agar. The strains,

which grow in 100 % leachate, were screened and

recorded.

PIV-108 : Bioremediation : microbiology of

pesticide degradation, and the use of bio-

filters for decontaminationin the field of

Agriculture

Asmaa Agoussar, George Szatmari

[email protected]

Abstract:

Introduction: In Quebec, about 50914 hectares are

used for growing vegetables. Several pesticides

are used to treat these crops, and these products

pose significant risks, to human health and the

environment. According to studies done in

Quebec in 2001, 49% of private wells close to

potato crop fields were found to be contaminated

by pesticides.

Hypothesis: The repeated use of pesticides in

agriculture leads to the contamination of soil, and

stimulates the growth of microorganismes

capable of using pesticides as a nutrient source

The objective is to identify microbiological

variables responsible for the degradation of

pesticides in the process of bioremediation using

bio-filters, and specifically:

1. To identify microorganisms capable of

growing in soil treated with pesticides

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24081921

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24081921





2. Confirm their in vitro ability to degrade

pesticicdes

3. use of pesticides in agriculture leads to the

contamination of soil, and stimulates the

growth of microorganismes capable of using

pesticides as a nutrient source

Illumina sequencing results showed that the

Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria were the two

most prevalent species in soil treated with

pesticides. After confirming their ability to

degrade pesticides in vitro, these microorganisms

will be used to inoculate sterile biofilters in order

to assess their potential to degrade pesticides in

the field.

The results of this project will help to adopt new

strategies to reduce the contamination of water

resources, and improve the quality of aquatic

ecosystems, and irrigated crops

Keywords: Bioremediation, Microbiology,

Pesticides, Biofiltre.

PIV-109 : Enzymatic characterization of

yeaststrainsisolated from the gut of a

coprophage "Gymnopleurussturmi"

Touijer Hanane1,3*, Benchemsi Najoua2,

Ettayebi Mohammed3, Janati Idrissi

Abdellatif 3, Bekkari Hicham1,3

1- Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University,

Faculty of Sciences Dhar El Mahraz, Laboratory

of Biotechnology, PO Box 1796, 30003 Fez-

Atlas, Morocco.


Faculty of Sciences & Techniques Saiss,

Laboratory of Ecology and environment, PO Box

1796, 30000 Fez, Morocco.


Faculty of Sciences Dhar El Mahraz,

Biodiversity, Bioenergy and Environment

Research Group (BBE), PO Box 1796, 30003

Fez-Atlas, Morocco.

*Corresponding author: [email protected]

Abstract:

Nowadays, yeasts are considered asa potential

source ofsecondary metabolites with a high added

value. The production of thermostable enzymes

by yeast increasesthe hydrolysis yield of complex

substrates at high temperatures.Thus, they could

provide an alternative to chemical hydrolysis for

the production of bioenergy and other

environmental technologies.

The goal of our present study is tocharacterize

enzymes (Cellulase, pectinase, amylase and

lipase); secreted by different yeasts isolated from

the gut of a coprophage "Gymnopleurussturmi ",

which are able to degradecomplex substrates to

fermentable sugars.

We firsthave determined the physicochemical

parameters that influence the ability of ouryeast

isolates to produce such enzymes. Isolates with

interesting enzymatic activitieswere subjected to

biochemical and molecular identification.

From aset of 55 isolates, 50.91% had the ability

to produce cellulase and 65.45%to produce

pectinase. The lipase activity was shown forall

the isolates; on the contrary, no one of them

showed any amylase activity. It is important to

mention that for some isolates, the production of

those enzymes is maintained stable at high

temperatures that can reach 48°C.Furthermore,

the isolates grew at a wide pH range between 3

and 9. Besides, they have been able to grow at

amaximaltemperature of 48°Cand to assimilate

several carbon sources including sucrose, xylose,

fructose, mannitol, and dextrin.

PIV-110 : First report of resistance genes

L1014F kdr and G119S ace-1 mutations

among Culex pipiens in Morocco

Meriem Bkhache1,2, Omar Charafeddine2,

Fatim-Zohra Tmimi1, Oumama Benabdelkrim

Filali1, M’hammed Sarih1.

1- Laboratoire des Maladies Vectorielles, Institut

Pasteur du Maroc, Casablanca, Maroc.

2- Laboratoire de Virologie Microbiologie &

Qualité / Eco-toxicologie & Biodiversité, Faculté

des Sciences et Techniques, Mohammedia,

Maroc.

Abstract:

Culex pipiens complex is a mosquito, and

competent vector that transmit Rift Valley Fever

virus (RVFV) and West-Nile virus (WNV), this

complex is subdivided in two different forms

molestus and pipiens, morphologically identical

but genetically different. Vector control is based

on the use of pesticides which leads resistance, as

Cx. pipiens is frequently exposed to insecticides,

we aim to investigate the L1014F kdr and G119S

Ace-1 mutation frequencies in different forms of





Culex pipiens complex from three regions of

Morocco.

Tests were conducted on adults reared from larval

and pupal collection from three different regions

in Morocco (Tangier, Casablanca and

Marrakech). Specimens were identified as

belonging to the Culex pipiens complex using a

multiplex Polymorphism Chain Reaction (PCR)

assay prospected for these forms in Morocco by

using diagnostic primers designed for the

flanking region of microsatellite CQ11, and the

characterized mosquitoes were tested for the

presence of the L1014F kdr and G119S ace-1

mutations using PCR assay.

Overall 416 specimens were tested for L1014F

kdr mutation detection, we found that

heterozygous resistant form (RS) is more frequent

in Tangier and Marrakech than Casablanca: 66%,

60% 17% respectively, while homozygous

resistant (RR) genotype is lower in all cities (0-

7%). The half of Cx. pipienspipiens and hybrid:

53% and 54% respectively, is heterozygous

resistant whereas the most of Cx. pipiens

molestus has the homozygous susceptible (SS)

form (90.5%).

About 380 samples were characterized and tested

to detect G119S mutation in the three cities. We

found that the RS genotype was frequent in urban

than rural area: 41.5% vs 27% in Tangier, 61% vs

0% in Casablanca, and 62.5% vs 16% in

Marrakech. For the frequency of Ace-1 mutation

according to the forms, the RS genotype was

frequent in Cx.pipiens pipiens (31.5%) and

hybrids (26.5%), than Cx. pipiens molestus (2%).

For the RR form, was very lower in the different

forms of Culex pipiens (0-2%).

For the first time in Morocco, we determined the

frequency of L1014F kdr and G119S ace-1

mutations in different areas of Morocco, and also

in different forms of Cx. pipiens mosquito.

Key words: Culex pipiens, resistance, L1014F

kdr, G119S Ace-1 mutation, Morocco.

PIV-111 : Etude de l’adhésion des

microorganismes isolés à partir de l’acier

inoxydable 304 dans une solution d’eau de mer

simulée

Amal El Aabedy1, Bouchra El Ouaqor1, Saad

Koraichi Ibnsouda1, 2, Soumya Elabed1,2, Omar

El Farricha1

[email protected] 1. Laboratoire de Biotechnologie

Microbienne. Faculté des Sciences et

Techniques- Université Sidi Mohamed

Ben Abdellah-Fès -Maroc

2. Cité de l’Innovation de Fès. Université

Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah-Fès

Abstract:

La colonisation microbienne de la surface de

l’acier inoxydable 304 est considérée comme une

source de problèmes industriels austères, dans des

secteurs diversifiés tels que l’industrie

agroalimentaire, pharmaceutique, pétrolière,

électriques, etc. Ce phénomène est ainsi à

l’origine d’une diminution des rendements et

d’une augmentation des coûts de production

partout dans le monde, notamment en raison de la

corrosion influencée par les microorganismes ou

encore appelée biocorrosion. Dans le cadre de

cette problématique, la protection de l’acier

inoxydable vis à vis la biocorrosion est devenu

une nécessité.

Les biofilms étant très difficiles à éradiquer une

fois formés, une stratégie préventive, visant à

limiter l’adhésion des microorganismes à l’acier

inoxydable 304, constitue une approche

pertinente. Dans cette optique, l’objectif de ce

travail est de mettre au point un traitement de

surface à efficacité anti-adhésive sur l’acier

inoxydable 304.

Dans cette poursuite, l’effet de l’huile essentielle

et des extraits aqueux et éthanolique de Salvia

officinalis (avec différentes concentrations) sur la

physico-chimie de l’acier inoxydable 304 a été

étudié par la méthode de l’angle de contact.

Ainsi, l’activité antiadhésive de ces différents

extraits a été évaluée par l’utilisation de la

microscopie électronique à balayage

environnemental.

Les résultats ont montré qu’il y a une influence

significative de de l’huile essentielle et les

extraits utilisés sur les propriétés physico-

chimiques de la surface de l’acier inoxydable

304. Aussi, un changement dans le comportement

adhésif des bactéries sur cette surface a été

remarqué qui peut contribuer ainsi sur l’inhibition

ou le ralentissement du processus de la

biocorrosion.

Mots clés :Salvia Officinalis, adhésion, acier

inoxydable, énergie de surface, MEB, angle de

contact.





PIV-112 : LA BIOREMEDIATION DES

SOLS POLLUE AUX HERBICIDES

(GLYPHOSATE ET 2,4-D) PAR

L’INOCULATION DE LA PSEUDOMONAS

AERUGINOSA DANS LE PERIMETRE

IRRIGABLE DE BOUNAMOUSSA

(EXTREME NORD EST ALGERIEN)-

EFFETS SUR LA DISPONIBILITE DU

PHOSPHORE ASSIMILABLE (P2O5).

R. Cheloufi1, H Messaadia² Et H. Alayat1

Laboratoire Agriculture et fonctionnement des

écosystèmes. Université d’El Tarf El tarf 36000

Algé[email protected],

[email protected],

Département d’agronomie, université de Batna,

[email protected],

Abstract:

La forte utilisation les deux herbicides 2,4-D et

du Glyphosate depuis 1968 d’une coté, et d’une

autre coté, les besoins en phosphore et en azote

(N et P) dans les sols du périmètre irrigable de

Bounamoussa Nord Est Algérien, constitue une

contrainte majeure de bonne gestion économique,

agronomique et environnementale. Grace au

phénomène de bioaugmentation, cette étude a été

conduite pour évaluer les effets des interactions

entre les herbicides Glyphosate et 2,4-D en

formulation commerciale et l’inoculum de

microorganismesur la production du phosphore

assimilable, ainsi que sur l’évolution de l’azote

nitrique dans les deux sols agricoles (SI de Beni

Ammar et S2 de Maiz el bachir). Les deux

herbicides ont été ajoutés à la dose de champ. Au

cours de ce travail, nous avons utilisé comme

inoculum, Pseudomonas aeruginosa (109

bactéries/l) une souche microbienne que nous

avons isolée d’un sol adapté à la dégradation des

herbicides. Le plan expérimental correspond à un

système factoriel 6 x 2 (trois traitements et deux

types de sols), avec 3 répétitions et 9 dates (1, 3,

7,14, 28, 42, 60 et 90 jrs), en blocs totalement

aléatoires. Les effets principaux sont ceux des

sols et interaction du sols herbicides et

pseudomonas. Après l’isolement du

Pseudomonas aeruginosa, l’inoculum est injecté

avec un mélange d’eau + l’herbicide relevé, leur

humidité au 2/3 de la capacité de rétention

directement dans le sol.

Les échantillons (12) ont été mis en incubation

(étuve) en récipient simple dans l’obscurité

(T=28°c) pendant 90 jours. Le phosphore

assimilable (méthode Olsen) est extrait avec une

solution d'hydrogénocarbonate de sodium à pH =

8,5 et le dosage de l’azote nitrique s’effectue

selon méthode de DROUNEAU et GOUNY (in

BONNEAU et SOUCHIER, 1979).

Après trois mois d’incubation, les résultats

obtenus confirment l’effet variable significatif de

l’herbicide de Glyphosate et de l’herbicide 2,4-D

vis-à-vis les microflores contrôlant la

minéralisation du phosphore organique et de

l’azote nitrique dans les deux sols. Ainsi l’étude

montré qu’il existe un effet toxique vis-à-vis les

activités de la biomasse microbienne responsable

de la minéralisation du phosphore et l’azote

organique, dépond fortement de la molécule des

deux herbicides tester surtout dans les traitements

non inoculés S1H1, S2H1, S1H2 et S2H2 par

rapports aux témoins S1 et S2. Ces effets se sont

traduits en conséquence par des taux

d’inhibitions.

Egalement, cette investigation à révélé que

l’inoculation du Pseudomonas aeruginosa dans

les deux sols traités par les herbicides permet une

amélioration et une augmentation des quantités

du P2O5 et NO3-. Alors que, utilisés pour la

nutrition minérale des céréales. En effet, les taux

de stimulation enregistrés permettent de

confirmer cet effet positif, ce processus

d’intervention bactérienne ce qu’on appelle la

bioaugmentation ou biorémédiation des sols.

Pendant une période d’incubation, les quantités

de phosphore assimilable et de l’azote nitrique

des différents traitements présentaient l’ordre

décroissant suivant : S2H2 < S2H1 < S2H2P < S2

< S2P < S2H1P < S1H2 < S1H1 < S1H2P < S1 <

S1P < S1H1P.

Mots Clés : inoculation, incubation,

minéralisation, nitrification, réorganisation du

phosphore, dénitrification, interaction bactérie –

herbicides, taux de stimulation, taux d’inhibition,

bioaugmentation et biorémédiation

PIV-113 : Caractérisation microbiologique des

extraits d’algues marines de la région d’EL

JADIDA

Hsaine Laila, Samri Nazha, Etahiri Samira et

Khlifi Samira

Laboratoire de biotechnologie Marine et de

l’Environnement (BIOMARE) Faculté des

Sciences - El Jadida

Abstract:







Le Maroc est l’une des pays les plus riches en

algues marines connues par leur intérêt

biologique et médical.

L’objectif de notre travail est la recherche et

l’identification de molécules bioactives à partir

des extraits d’algues marines collectées de la

région d’EL JADIDA. Ces extraits sont testés in

vitro à différentes concentrations pour évaluer

leur effet antimicrobien vis-à-vis de plusieurs

souches bactériennes comme E.coli.

Les résultats préliminaires ont montré une

sensibilité considérable de la majorité des

souches bactériennes étudiées vis-à-vis de ces

extraits d’algues marines.

De ce fait, d’après cette étude les algues marines

peuvent être utilisées comme des antibiotiques

naturels efficaces contre ces souches bactériennes

et donc présenter un moyen de lutte biologique

contre les maladies en question.

Mots Clés : activité antimicrobienne; extrait

d’algue marine; molécules bioactives; souches

bactériennes ; lutte biologique

PIV-114 : Etude microbiologique de neuf

algues récoltées de la côte d’El Jadida

N. Samri, L. Hsaine, J. Bouhraoua, S. Khlifi et

S. Etahiri

Laboratoire de Biotechnologie Marine et de

l’Environnement (BIOMARE) Faculté de Science

d’El Jadida


Abstract

Les biomolécules d’origine marine sont de grande

importance pour différents secteurs de l’économie

mondiale. Outre leur rôle écologique et naturel,

les algues marines regorgent de potentialités pour

le développement de différents secteurs

économiques (industrie, alimentation, agriculture,

médecine, cosmétique…). La demande mondiale

croissante en cette ressource dépasse de loin ses

capacités de régénération naturelle et exige de

plus en plus une gestion rationnelle.

Le présent travail porte sur l’étude

microbiologique de neuf algues récoltées de la

côte d’El Jadida et plus particulièrement leur

pouvoir antifongique. Les premiers résultats

obtenus attestent de la variabilité du pouvoir de

ces algues contre certains champignons. L’espèce

la plus active fera l’objet d’une purification dont

le but d’isoler le principe actif.

PIV-115 : Effet du Nitrate sur le

Comportement de la Symbiose (Haricot-

Rhizobium phaseoli), en Condition de la

Salinité

Boughribil S.1,2, Abdelly C.1, Soltani A.1, Hajii

M.3

1. Laboratoire de Nutrition Minérale à l’Institut

National de Recherche Scientifique et Technique,

Tunis, Tunisie

2. Laboratoire de Virologie Microbiologie et

Qualité, Eco-toxicologie et Biodiversité, Faculté

des Sciences et Techniques, Université Hassan II,

Mohammedia, Maroc

3. Laboratoire de Physiologie Végétale, Faculté

des Sciences, Tunis, Tunisie

Abstract

L’effet inhibiteur du nitrate sur la symbiose

légumineuse * Rhizobium a été mis en évidence

par plusieurs travaux.

En raison des apports d’engrais azotés aux

cultures qui précédent le haricot, les recherches

s’orientent vers l’identification de génotypes

ayant un bon pouvoir fixateur sur des sols riches

en nitrate.

L’objectif du présent travail est de déterminer la

concentration optimale de nitrate pour la

croissance et la fixation symbiotique de l’azote

chez deux variétés de haricot, Dark et Coco blanc

en association symbiotique avec la souche

Rhizobium tropici CIAT 899, cultivées sur milieu

dépourvu d’azote et additionné de NaCl 50 mM.

L’expérience est réalisée dans une serre vitrée,

sous un éclairement naturel, dans des conditions

de température et d’humidité contrôlées. La

culture est effectuée en pots d’argile contenant

chacun 1 Kg 200 de sable ; tous les deux ont été

stérilisés au préalable. Pour chaque variété, les

graines de même taille, après désinfection et

inoculation, sont semées à raison de 4 par pot. A

la levée une seule plantule par pot est maintenue

en culture jusqu’à la fin de l’expérience. Les

mesures ont porté sur la production de biomasse




de chaque organe, le nombre de feuilles, la

surface foliaire, la nutrition hydrique et minérale.

Les résultats montrent que l’apport de NO3- à une

concentration de 1 mM, améliore l’hydratation

des feuilles et leur approvisionnement en

éléments minéraux essentiels, notamment N et Pi,

et diminue leur contenu en Cl- . Egalement,

l’initiation nodulaire est stimulée, en particulier

chez DARK. Cependant, l’effet bénéfique du

nitrate sur l’activité fixatrice des nodosités

nécessite une étude plus détaillée.

Mots clés : nitrate-symbiose, haricot, Rhizobium

phaseoli, salinité

PIV-116 : Comparison of qualitative and

quantitative hydrophobicity to explain the

microbial adhesion behavior

Kaoutar Elfazazi1*, Safae Tankiouine1,

Chorok Zanane1, Hafida Zahir1, Mustapha

Ellouali1, Mustapha Mliji2, Hassan Latrache1*

1: Laboratoire bioprocédés et biointerfaces,

Université Soultane Moulay Slimane, Faculté des

sciences et techniques, Beni Mellal, Maroc.

2: Département de l’environnement et sécurité

des aliments, Institut Pasteur, Casablanca, Maroc.

* Email: [email protected]

Abstract:

Bacterial hydrophobicity is generally known as

the tendency of a bacterial cell to interact with

cells of similar hydrophobicity as opposed to

water. Many workers in bioadhesion and biofilm

have considered angle contact measure with

water an important technique to evaluate

hydrophobicity. Despite the recognized

importance of the qualitative hydrophobicity

expressed as wettability with water (Ow) in many

previous studies, it has been reported that it

couldn’t explain totally the adhesion behavior of

many bacteria. Therefore, in 1995, Van Oss

proposed a new technique to quantify the absolute

degree of hydrophobicity know as (Giwi).

In this work, we have studied the relation

between hydrophobicity with two approaches

(Ow, Giwi) of twelve different Escherichia coli

strains and their attachment ability on glass. We

have found that there is a no significant relation

between qualitative hydrophobicity (Ow) of

Escherichia coli strains and their adhesion

behavior on glass. However, we’ve revealed that

when we pass from extremes values of

quantitative hydrophobicity (Giwi) to centric

values (close to 0), we can clearly note that their

adhesion to glass substrate becomes more

pronounced even if the glass were hydrophilic.

Moreover, we’ve observed an important

logarithmic correlation between quantitative

hydrophobicity Giwi and the surface occupied

by adhered cells. The correlation is more

significant with the negative value (R2 = 99,89%)

then the positive value (R2 = 79,14%) of Giwi.

However, there is no correlation between

qualitative hydrophobicity (Ow) measured

directly by contact angle and adhered cells

Key Word: Escherichia coli, adhesion,

physicochemical properties, foodborne, glass,

hydrophobicity.

PIV-117 : Impacts On Soil Of Herbicides Used

In Triticum Cultures

Souahi Hana1, Meksem Amara Leila2 Et

Djebar Mohamed Réda2 1Laboratory of Plant Biology, Department of

Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of

LaarbiTebessi, Tebessa, Algeria 2Laboratory of Cellular Toxicology, Department

of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of

BadjiMokhtar, Annaba, Algeria

Emails of corresponding author:

[email protected]

Abstract:

Pollution by pesticides and organic pollutants is

mostly perceived through their presence in water

and food. However, many pollutants pass through

the soil where their conduct will determine the

manifestation of their pollutant character.

Reducing their environmental impact requires an

understanding of the processes they undergo in

the soil. Thus, the physico-chemical composition

of the soil, temperature and the richness of the

microflora are so many and various factors that

contribute to the degradation of herbicide

residues. Why our study aims to study the soils

used for growing wheat in a chemical weeding at

stage 3-4 leaves with two herbicides (Sekator and

Zoom) of sulfonylurea on some physico-chemical

parameters (pH, conductivity, K content,

available P content and the rate of organic matter)

in semi-arid zone of Algeria. Variance analysis

shows no significant effect of pH and

conductivity of a soil polluted with both





herbicides compared to the control. As against the

soil treated with the herbicide Sekator shows

significant decrease in the level of the organic

mater (p ≤ 0.05) and highly significant content of

available phosphorus and potassium (p ≤ 0.01),

whereas the soil weeded herbicide Zoom shows a

very highly significant increase of the content of

available phosphorus (p ≤ 0.001) and very highly

significant decrease in the potassium content.

Keywords: pollution, herbicide, soil, physical

parameter, chemical parameter.

PIV-118 : Slow-Release Potassium Sulfate

Fertilizer Coated By

Starch/Polyacrylamide/Grapheme Oxide

Biocomposites

Annie Moussemba Nzenguet, Achraf Chakir,

Mohamed Zahouily*

Laboratory of Materials, Catalysis and

Valorization of Natural Resources , Department

of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology

of Mohammedia, Hassan II- Casablanca

University, Mohammedia, Morocco

*E-mail:[email protected]

Abstract:

Given the need to reduce the impact of the use of

chemical fertilizers on the environment and the

quality of food crop production, it is necessary to

develop fertilizer formulations enabling the

gradual and controlled release of the active

substance [1].

This could be achieved by coating of fertilizers

by degradable polymers [2]. In our work, a

fertilizer based on K2SO4 was coated using a

starch/polyacrylamide/graphene oxide film. We

prepared enrobed fertilizers with mass ratios

K2SO4/polymer of 9/1, 8/2 and 7/3.

The release of potassium from coated K2SO4 and

no-coated K2SO4 pellets was realized in water, for

different times. The release was monitored by

dosage of potassium in elutriant.

After the formation of enrobed fertilizer pellets,

the slow-release characteristics of the fertilizer

were improved. We believe that this new

fertilizers could hold great promise for the

development of environmentally-benign

controlled-release fertilizer for crop production.

Keywords: Slow release, graphene oxide, starch,

polyacrylamide, potassium, fertilizer.

References [1] C. Tolescu, I. Fierascu, C. Neamtu, I. Anton,

R. Radiu, Fierascu, Journal of the Serbian

Chemical Society, 79 (2014) 659-668

[2] M. Devassine, F. Henry, P. Guerin, X. Briand,

International Journal of Pharmaceutics, 242

(2002) 399-404.

PIV-119. Development of Nano-Biodegradable

Fertilizers from Moroccan phosphate rock.

Chirâa Elidrissi Elhassani, My Abdelallah

Bahlaoui, Achraf Chakir, Mohamed Zahouily*

Laboratory of Materials, Catalysis

andValorization of Natural Resources ,

Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and

Technology of Mohammedia, University Hassan

II- Casablanca, Mohammedia B. P. 146, 20650,

Morocco

Pr. M. ZAHOUILY (E - mail:

[email protected])

Abstract:

Fertilizer is one of the vital input materials for the

crop production. However, more than half of the

applied amount of common fertilizers cannot

reach the plant, but it is washed off by rain and

irrigation water. This part of lost fertilizer not

only causes large economic losses but also very

serious environmental pollution. The overcoming

of these shortcomings can be achieved with the

use of slow release fertilizers (SRFs). Evaluated

as a key nutrient source for food, fiber and

biomass production in agriculture, nitrogen is the

most important element in fertilizers. However,

considering the energy required in its synthesis

and the large tonnage required, the nitrogen

fertilizer has a high monetary value. Because 50-

70% of the nitrogen applied using conventional

fertilizers, is lost to the soil due to leaching and to

the weakness of nitrogen utilization efficiency

(NUE) by plants. Attempts to increase the NUE

in conventional fertilizer formulations have thus

far resulted in little success.

In our study, hydroxyapatite nanoparticles were

synthesized by wet chemical methods and surface

modified with urea (Figure). The fertilizer

composition was manufactured by encapsulation

of urea-modified hydroxyapatite nanoparticles

into micro/nano porous cavities under pressure.






These cavities are defined by cellular polymers

such as cellulose, hemi-cellulose and lignin. Once

this nanofertilizer composition contained in a

superabsorbent biopolymeric matrix is

incorporated into a soil system, it will absorb

moisture, thus initiating slow and sustained

release of nitrogen into the soil as a result of

diffusion and microbial degradation. N and P

contents of the prepared solid nanofertilizer

compositions were analyzed using Kjeldhal

method and vanadomolybdate method

respectively.

The nanofertilizer showed good composition of

nitrogen at different pressures. At high pressure,

the destruction of cell cavities and cell walls may

be the reason for the low loadings.

The urea-modified hydroxyapatite nanoparticles

encapsulated into cellulosic biomass displays a

slow and sustained release of nitrogen over time

at three different pH values. The proposed

fertilizer composition may maximize the NUE

while minimizing the adverse effects to the

environment due to use of large quantities of

fertilizer in agriculture

Keywords: Fertilizer, nanocomposite, biomass,

macronutrients, slow release.

[1] S. Sebti, M. Zahouily, H. B. Lazrek, J. A.

Mayorald, D. J. Macquarrie Current Org.

Chemistry, 2008, 12, 203-232.

[2] N. Kottegoda, I. Munaweera, N. Madusanka,

V. Karunaratne Current Science 2011, 10

PIV-120 : Variability of N2 Fixation in Cowpea

Under Phosphorus Deficiency is Related to

Phosphorus Use Efficiency

S. Brahimi*1, M. Lazali1, S.M. Ounane2, J.J.

Drevon3

1Département d’Agronomie, Faculté des Sciences

de la Nature et de la Vie et des Sciences de la

Terre. Université Djilali Bounaama Khemis

Miliana. Algérie

2Laboratoire d’Amélioration Intégrative des

Productions Végétales, Département de

Productions Végétales. Ecole Nationale

Supérieure Agronomique d’Alger, Algérie

3Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique,

UMR Ecologie Fonctionnelle & Biogéochimie

des Sols et Agroécosystèmes, INRA-IRD-

CIRAD-SupAgro. Place Pierre Viala, 34060

Montpellier, France


Abstract

Low availability of phosphorus (P) is a major

constraint to legume production, and efforts are

being made to identify legume genotypes with

tolerance to low P and greater P use efficiency

(PUE). Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.) genotypes

vary in their adaptation to low-P soils. In order to

investigate to what extent this variation may be

related to PUE for symbiotic nitrogen fixation

(SNF), five genotypes (Adrar, El Kala, Djenet,

Tizi Ouzou and Bejaia) were grown in semi-

hydroponic culture with sufficient versus

deficient P supply. At the flowering stage, the

biomass of plants and nodules and their P

contents was determined after measuring the

quantity of N2 fixed. The results showed that

nodule and shoot biomass were less when P was

deficient. The genotypes which presented the

maximum growth during the experiment

presented a high efficiency in use of the rhizobial

symbiosis calculated as the slope of plant biomass

regression as a function of nodulation. Under P-

deficiency, efficiency in use of P for SNF was

significantly increased in the genotypes El Kala,

Djenet and Adrar and accompanied with an

increase of the efficiency in use of the rhizobial

symbiosis. Hence the large differences show that

traits for more P uptake-efficient plants exist in

the tested cowpea genotypes. This opens the

possibility to breed for more P uptake-efficient

varieties as a way to bring more sparingly soluble

soil P into cycling in crop production and obtain

capitalisation of soil P reserves.

Keywords: cowpea, phosphorus, nodule, rhizobia,

N2 fixation, symbiosis

PIV-121 : Flores autochtones thermophiles :

une nouvelle méthode innovatrice pour la

sélection de souches thermophiles productrices

de diacetyle

Meribai1,2 A and A Bensoltane2

1Laboratoire : Caractérisation et Valorisation des

Ressources Naturelles (L.C.V.R.N) Sis au :

Département des sciences Agronomiques- Faculté

SNV-STU- Université de Bordj Bou Arreridj

(34000) Algérie.

2Laboratoire de Microbiologie Alimentaire -

Université Oran1 Es’Senia- (31000) Algérie.




BORDJ BOU ARRERIDJ UNIVERSITY

ALGERIA

[email protected]

Abstract:

L’objectif de l’étude est de sélectionner des

soucheslactiques thermophiles, indigènes,

d’intérêt technologique, d’explorer la stabilité des

levains thermophiles commerciauxpour dix

marques du yaourt industriel,collectes dans la

willaya de Bordj Bou Arreridj Nord-Est

d’Algerie.L’isolement, caractérisation des

souches,réalisé à partir du lait cru camelin, sur

milieux sélectifs M17 (Lactocoques à 42°C) et

MRS (Lactobacilles à 45°C).

L’impact de cryoconservation, sur la stabilité des

levains, pendant 21jours, réalisé par vérification,

en amont et aval, de conservation, de 05

paramètres physicochimiques (pH, viscosité,

conductivité, lactate et densité). Profils acidifiant,

par le suivi de la cinétique d’acidification du lait

écrémé reconstitué, aromatisant par double tests :

de Voges Proskauer et polarographie.

Etude des antagonismes In Vitro,du Surnageant

brute actif (SBA)des souches lactiques, dirigé

contre des souches cibles : Procaryotes

etEucaryotes.

Les résultats ont donné des souches

thermophiles,Streptococcus thermophilus sur

M17, desLactobacillussp,homofermentaires sur

MRS.L’acidification du lait en Degré Dornic

(ºD), a permis la sélection,de 06 souches

Lactobacillus sp (DL4; 51.09,DL1; 49.5,DL2;

47.70, DL3; 47.52, DS3; 42.62 et DL5; 32.23)

ºD, et six isolatsStreptococcus

thermophilus(TL5;103.18, TL1; 88.09, TS2;

67.15, TL3; 47.52, TS3; 45.76 et TL4; 36.96)ºD.

L’aromatisation, par le test Voges Proskauer, a

révélé:02 souches très intensément aromatisantes,

04 souches intensément positif, 01 souche

modérément positif et09 souches moyennement

intense. Ces résultats, ont été confirmés sur

polarographe, contre étalonétablit

dediacetylepure.

Les résultatsd’antagonisme, ont donné des zones

inhibitrices(ZI : en mm), oscillant entre (21mm-

10mm), contre des souches cibles à Gram positif,

entre (25- 09) mmcontre celles à Gram négatif et

entre (15mm et 09mm) pour les interactions

contre les Eucaryotes.

Conclusion : L’étude a permis l’élaboration d’un

souchier lactique thermophile, ayant profils

acidifiant, aromatisant et bactériocinogène.

Keywords:Mots clés: Souche lactique, Sélection,

Acidification, Aromatisation, Diacétyle,

Bactériocine

PIV-122 : L’activité anti-microbienne de

l’huile essentielle et des extraits aqueux et

éthanolique de Salvia Officinalis

Amal El Aabedy1, Saad Koraichi Ibnsouda1,2,

Soumya Elabed 1,2, Omar El Farricha1

[email protected] Laboratoire de Biotechnologie Microbienne.

Faculté des Sciences et Techniques- Université

Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah-Fès -Maroc

Cité de l’Innovation de Fès. Université Sidi

Mohamed Ben Abdellah-Fès

Abstract

Les plantes aromatiques sont à l’origine de

produits à très forte valeur ajoutée. De ce fait,

leur valorisation présente une nécessité qui peut

contribuer au développement économique du

Maroc. Le but de cette étude est la comparaison

de l’effet anti-microbien de l’huile essentielle et

des extraits aqueux et éthanolique de Salvia

Officinalis qui est très répondue au pays.

Ce travail a été procédé par la détermination de la

composition chimique de l’huile essentielle et des

deux extraits de Salvia Officinalis par la GC-MS,

ensuite l’activité anti-microbienne a été évaluée

par la méthode de diffusion sur disques de

cellulose et la méthode de dilution. Les résultats

obtenus ont dévoilés que l’activité anti-

microbienne de l’extrait éthanolique est

significativement plus importante que l’extrait

aqueux et l’huile essentielle de Salvia Officinalis.

Mots clés :Salvia Officinalis, activité anti-

microbienne, extrait aqueux, extrait éthanolique,

GC-MS, huille essentielle.

PIV-123 : Nutritional variation among

ecotypes of sulla (Hedysarum flexuosumL.)

grown in North of Morocco

A.El Yemlahi1, A. Arakrak1, A.Laglaoui1, M.

Ayadi2, M.Bakkali1

1-Equipe de Recherche de Biotechnologies et

Génie des Biomolécules (ERBGB), Faculté des

Sciences et Techniques de Tanger, Maroc.





2- INRA, 78, Bd Med Ben Abdellah, 90010-

Tangier, Morocco.

*Corresponding Author: [email protected]

Abstract:

The use of legume forages species as fodder for

ruminant is increasingly becoming important in

livestock production. In order to evaluate

endemic forage species, a prospective study was

perform in different regions of Morocco, allowed

the determination the area of distribution of

Hedysarum flexuosum L. known as sulla. The aim

of this study was to determine chemical

composition, mineral content and in

vitro enzymatic digestibility in the whole plant,

leaves and stems of five sulla ecotypes collected

at late vegetative stage in five locations (Khandak

Lihoudi, Ksar Sghir, Melloussa, Boukhalef and

Beni Guerfet). Significant differences existed

among the ecotypes in their energy value in term

of feed unit for milk (UFL) feed unit for meat

(UFV) and nitrogen value computed as crude

protein digestibility (CPD) depending on

genotype and environment. On the basis of this

study, Hedysarum flexuosum L. have better

nutritive potential grazing compared to mostly

legume forages used as fodder or grazed pasture

that can provide suitable forage for livestock.

Key Words: Hedysarum flexuosum L., chemical

composition, enzymatic digestibility and nutritive

value.

PIV-124. New formula of phosphorus

biofertilizers produced from renewable raw

materials

Agnieszka Saeida, Katarzyna Chojnackaa,

Henryk Góreckia aDepartment of Advanced Material Technologies,

Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of

Technology, Gdańska 7/9, 50-344 Wrocław,

Poland

Abstract:

The natural ability of microorganism to produce

acids, can be used to release phosphorus, present

in the soil in retrogradative form as well as from

secondary renewable phosphorus bearing raw

materials. Bacteria and fungi that can produce

acids are classified as phosphate solubilizing

bacteria (PSB) and phosphate solubilizing fungi

(PSF), and both as a phosphate solubilizing

organism (PSO). Types of acids produced by PSB

can be classified as inorganic and organic, for

exampleAcidithiobacillusferrooxidansproduce

sulfuric acid, while in the case of organic acids its

spectrum is strongly related with the compounds

used in the formulation of growth medium.

Presented paper discussed the possibilities of

utilization of poultry bones, fish bones, ash from

wastes form enhanced biological phosphorus

removal (EBPR) system in the production of

phosphorus biofertilizers via biosolubilization

performed by Bacillus megaterium. The effect of

solubilization was expressed as the Solubilization

Factor (SF, %) defined as the ratio (expressed as

percentage) of soluble P2O5 present in the

solution and phosphorus (expressed as P2O5)

introduced to solubilization medium in the solid

form. By the utilization of mentioned approach, it

is possible to obtain three different formulation of

phosphorus bioferilizers: liquid, granules as well

as substrate with the properties of slow realizing

phosphorus biofertilizers. The characterists as

well as utilitartian properties ob mentioned

products were presented in this paper.

Keywords: Biosolubilization; Bacillus

megterium; poultry bones; fish bones; renewable

raw materials

PIV-125 : Biodegradation assessment of

biological oil sludge from a petroleum refinery

Aguelmous Anas1, Lahsaini Slimane1, El Fels

Loubna2,3, Souabi Salah1, Hafidi Mohamed2. 1 Laboratory of Process Engineering and

Environment, Faculty of Science & Technology,

University Hassan II of Casablanca, Morocco.;

2 Laboratory of Ecology and

Environment, Faculty of Science

Semlalia, University Cadi Ayyad

Marrakech, Morocco.

E-mail: [email protected]

Abstract:

Biological sludge produced by the Waste Water

Treatement Plant of a petroleum refinery, in the

absence of treatment and recovery sector is stored

in internal discharge society. Over time, these

wastes decompose and some pollutants (e.g.

Hydrocarbons) are dispersed in the environment.

This work focuses on the fate of various organic

compounds in sludge from oil refining.





Sludge with high concentration of hydrocarbons

470 mg/g was studied for 14 months of storage.

The biodegradation was evaluated during the

decomposition time by physicochemical analyzes,

hydrocarbons content, humic substances and

phytotoxicity test.

The final product show a high degree of

biodegradation illustrated by a decrease of C/N

and NH4+/NO3

- ratios, from 18.05 to 15.6 and

from 26 to 2.25, respectively. Organic matter and

total petroleum hydrocarbons exhibited a

significant abatement rate of about 50.5% and

62% respectively. Humic substance evolution

shows a high degree of polymerization 1.2%

which provides information on maturity of final

product.

Spectroscopic analysis by FTIR shows a

biodegradation of aliphatic compounds and an

intense increase in aromatics, which provides

information on the proper conduct of the

humification process.

The storage process led to reduction of

phytotoxicity by the partial removal of toxic

compounds such as low molecular-weight

hydrocarbons and polycyclic aromatic

hydrocarbons, the evolution of all these results is

justified by the germination index (GI), which

rise from 0.6 % to 50 % for Turnip, and from

1.1% to 124 % for alfalfa.

The physico-chemical, biological properties and

the degree of evolution of oil sludge from

petroleum refining, opens the way for

exploitation of these by-products, for use as

substrate for composting as recycling and

recovery treatment.

Keywords: Biological sludge, Hydrocarbons,

C/N and NH4+/NO3- ratios,

Humification/Mineralization, Phytotoxicity.

PIV-126 : Evaluation offishcoproducts Sardina

pilchardus Serving Biotechnology

Belkhodja Hamza, Boukhari Ouardia &

Sahnouni Fatima

Faculty of Sciences of Nature and Life,

Department of Biology, University of Mascara,

ALGERIA


Abstract

Fish processing is a crucial sector for the nutrient

needs of humans, but it generates a significant

amount of waste estimated with 50%. It follows

the problem of dumping of waste in different

environments which increases environmental

pollution in particular the water environment. Our

work aims to exploit the waste of fish products

(edges, heads and guts) of the species Sardina

pilchardus as culture medium for microorganisms

such as Lactobacillus and E. coli. A culture

medium was developed for fastidious bacteria

such as lactic acid bacteria and for non-fastidious

bacteria such as E. coli. In this case, a universal

medium (MRS TGEA) was prepared as control.

The peptone of the modified culture medium was

replaced of by isolate obtained from fish waste.

Thus, we evaluated the waste of Sardina

pilchardus as a source of bacteria of industrial

interest among other lactic acid bacteria. Through

the physicochemical analyzes, the isolate

obtained has a high biological value (rich in

essential amino acids). The results indicate that

the use of this isolate must be accompanied with

other essential elements of culture (vitamin

compounds, essential amino acids, minerals) as

growth factors to optimize the growth of bacteria

involved.The physiological and biochemical

characterization makes finding 02 different

groups of lactic acid bacteria: Lactobacillus

fermentum and Lactobacillus spp. This work

allowed us to have a recovery method that

reduces the risk of pollution caused by different

fish processing industries. So we have contributed

to the preservation of our aquatic environment.

Keywords: Fish waste, Isolate, Lactobacillus,

Sardina pilchardus, Evaluation.

PIV-127 : Extraction et Caracterisation

D’huile Essentielle De Plantes Medicinales Et

Evaluation De Leurs Activite Anmicrobienne

Et Dermocosmetique.

Hachemi Lalia1,2-Belgherras Mohamed

Elnedhir,3- Meddah Boumedienne

(1), (3) : Département de biologie, Laboratoire de

Bioconversion, Génie microbiologique et Sécurité

Sanitaire (LBGMSS). (2) : Laboratoire de la

Mécanique et Physique des Matériaux Sidi-bel

Abbes -Algérie Laboratoire de Bioconvertion,




Génie Microbiologique et Sécurité Sanitaire

(LBGMSS), Université de Mascara.

[email protected]

Abstract:

Tetraclinis articulata est très utilisée en médecine

traditionnelle, en Algérie, pour de nombreuses

prescriptions notamment le traitement

d’affections cutanées, comme anti-inflammatoire

et cicatrisant, avec les feuilles. L’étude vise à

caractériser les HEs des feuilles de T. articulata

ainsi que l’évaluation de leur activité cicatrisante

et antimicrobienne sur les microorganismes isolés

à partir des brûlures. Des pâtes à base d’HE de

T.articulata ont été préparées et appliquées

quotidiennement sur des brûlures thermiques de

deuxièmes degrés superficille provoqués sur la

peau de rats Wistar. L’évolution de la

cicatrisation a été appréciée par la détermination

de la surface de cicatrisation et le poids corporel

chez les rats traité par les pâtes à base d’HE

comparé avec le groupe traité par l’excipient seul

(placebo) et le groupe témoin (non traité) comme

contrôle. Les pâtes à base d’HE ont été plus

efficaces que la pâte placebo. Leur activité est

intensifiée dans les dernières étapes du processus

de cicatrisation et une relation dose-effet est notée

au cours de la 3ème semaine.

Keywords Huiles essentielles, Tetraclinis

articulata, cicatrisation, formulation galénique,

actvivté antimicrobienne.

PIV-128 : Composition chimique et activité

antimicrobienne de l’huile essentielle de

Juniperus communis L (Genévrier)

C.Benzaid, R.Djeribi

Département de biochimie- Université Badji

Mokhtar- Annaba- Algérie

[email protected]

Abstract

Cette étude a pour objectif la recherche, à travers

un screening la composition chimique et l’effet

antimicrobien de l’huiles essentielle de Juniperus

communis L utilisée en médecine traditionnelle

afin de pouvoir utiliser de nouvelles molécules et

contrer au problème de santé mondial : la

résistance aux antibiotiques

Matériels et méthodes :

La composition chimique de l’huile essentielle

des huiles essentielles est déterminée par CPG et

CPG/SM

• Souches : Nous avons étudié 4 espèces

bactériennes sur la base de la fréquence

d’isolement clinique : Escherichia coli,

P.mirabilis, Staphylococcus aureus et A.baumanii

et la levure C.albicans.

La méthode de l’aromatogramme pour mettre en

évidence l’action des huiles essentielles, en

parallèle l’antibiogramme de ces mêmes souches

a été effectuée.

Le calcul de la CMI et la CMB est aussi effectué

sur milieu solide avec des dilutions décimales des

huiles essentielles.

Lecture des résultats :

L’huile essentielle de Genévrier récoltée à

Médea en Algérie donnent 2,51 % d’essence par

hydrodistillation.

Par CPG et CPG/SM, trente six composés ont été

identifiés représentant 91,9 % de l’essence totale.

l’α-pinène (22,60 %), Bicyclol(12,71 %),

limonene (9,75 %), le borneol (4,96 %), le Beta

Myrcene(3,7 %), le D- limonene (4,06 %) et le

camphene (2,12 %) sont les principaux

constituants.

L’huile essentielle est active in vitro contre les

bactéries Escherichia coli, P.mirabilis,

Staphylococcus aureus et A.baumanii et la levure

C.albicans avec des diametres d’inhibition allant

de 15à 40 mm selon les souches, avec une

inhibition marquée de C.albicans .

-L’huile essentielle a montré une forte activité

contre tous les micro-organismes. Chez les

bactéries, Escherichia coli et Staphylococcus

aureus ont manifesté une certaine résistance

jusqu’à 1/5000 (v/v). C.albicans a été tous

complètement inhibés à 1/2000 (v/v).

En comparant les aromatogrammes et

antibiogramme, on note une activité intéressante

de l’ huile essentielle sur les souches utilisées

et surtout C.albicans et qui mérite une

exploitation plus approfondie et des applications

visant à inhiber les infections microbiennes et la

formation de biofilm.

Mots clés : Genévrier, CPG/SM,

aromatogramme, CMI, CMB

PIV-129 : Optimisation la digestion anaérobie

: montage de laboratoire et application sur les

fientes de poulet pondeuses issues de élevage

de la ville Oujda Maroc




Laiche Hayate*1, Erraji Hassane 1, Elasri

Ouahid1, Afilal Mohammed Amine1

*Correspondant auteur : hayatlaiche@gmailcom

Abstract

La bio-méthanisation est la transformation par un

consortium microbien anaérobie , de la matière

organique en un biogaz composé principalement

de méthane et de gaz carbonique .cette

transformation naturelle est utilisée pour

dépolluer les effluents ,éliminer les déchets ,tout

en produisant de l’énergie renouvelable tout en

conservant le pouvoir fertilisant de la matière .

Le bon fonctionnement du procédé de bio-

méthanisation, particulièrement son potentiel

énergétique, est conditionné, en grande partie, par

les conditions physico-chimiques du substrat à

traiter, parmi lesquelles l’inoculum, l’agitation, la

température, pH, conductivité électrique et la

productivité quantitative gazeuse.

Notre étude se propose d’approfondir l’analyse

de ces paramètres de fonctionnement au niveau

de Six Batch (Erlenmeyer de 100ml) liés à un

gazomètre constitué d’une burette graduée

inversée remplis d’une solution de garde (5%

acide citrique, 20% Na Cl). Mis en œuvre pour

traiter les fientes de poulet pondeuses à l’échelle

expérimentale, tout en appréciant surtout leurs

effets sur la productivité quantitative gazeuse.

Les Suivis physico-chimique, microbiologique et

énergétique de la bio-méthanisation

expérimentale des fientes de poulets pondeuses

tout le long du cycle de production, dévoilent

que la performance d’un digesteur du point de

vue production gazeuse dépend principalement de

la nature des matières à fermenter, de l’agitation

du substrat, la charge microbienne , de la

température maintenue au cours de la digestion et

aussi du pH et de la quantité de l’inoculum

introduit.

Il ressort essentiellement que la production

maximale de biogaz est enregistrée dans le

digesteur (3) celles-ci ont subi une fermentation

méthanique à une température égale à 35°C et

sous agitation manuelle deux fois par jour du

mélange substrat 2x de l’inoculum

Mots clés : bio-méthanisation, énergie, biogaz,

fientes de poulets pondeuses, inoculum

PIV-130 : Effect of Rhizobium and arbuscular

mycorrhiza on the growth and physiological

parameters in AlfaAlfa (Medicago sativa)

under salt stress.

R.Ben Laouane*1*2*3, A. Meddich*1, M.

Faghire*3, K. Oufdou*2, F. Anaya*1,

R.Fghire*1, N.Bechtaoui*2, F. El Amerany*1

,M. Ait El Mokhtar*1, S.Wahbi *1.

*1Laboratoire de Biotechnologie et Physiologie

Végétale FSSM-Université Cadi Ayyad,

Marrakech, Maroc

*2Laboratoire de Biologie et Biotechnologie des

Microorganismes FSSM-Université Cadi Ayyad.

3.Laboratoire de Biotechnologie Végétale Faculté

des Sciences Université Ibn Zohr Agadir


Abstract

Salinity is a major stress limiting the productivity

of food crops. It constitutes an important

constraint to Alfa Alfa (Medicago sativa L.)

production in many parts of the world. The

synergistic benefits of the dual inoculation of

legumes with nodule bacteria and arbuscular

mycorrhizae (AM) are well established. The aim

of this study was to assess the co-inoculation

response of Alfa Alfa (MedicagoSativa) to

arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and

rhizobium strians, under salt stress.

Intact seeds were germinated then inoculated with

autochthonous mycorrhizal (AM) and/or rhizobial

strain RHOL1 and grown under greenhouse and

salt stress (120 mM) at the Faculty of Sciences

Semlalai of Marrakesh. At the flowering stage,

growth and physiological parameters were

assessed.

The results showed that salt stress significantly

decreased plant growth, stomatal conductance.

However Arbuscular mycorrhizal autochthonous

(AM) improve salt tolerance and biomass

production of Alfa alfa-Rhizobium symbiosis

under salinity. The chlorophyll content was

decreased under this constraint but electrolytes

leakage was increased.Whereas, plants water

parameters didn’t show any significant variation

under salt stress.

The salt stress affected negatively the growth and

physiological parameters in Alfa Alfa-rhizobia

symbiosis but this effect can be reduced by the

presence of AM.Thus indigenous fungal isolates

could be an effective biological means to improve




the tolerance of Alfa alfa-Rhizobium symbiosis

under salinity

Key words: Medicago sativa, rhizobium,

Salinity, Mycorrhiza, Tolerance.

PIV-131 : Isolation of phsphate solubilizing

bacteria and fungi and their potential for lead

to ericaceous plant growth

Ahlam Hamim1,2, Boukesskass Amal 1,Ouhadouch Ydir1,Lucie Miche 3, Rachid

Mrabet2, Robin Duponnois4, Mohamed Hafidi1

1 Faculté des Sciences Semlalia, Université Cadi


2 Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique,

Maroc

3 Institut Méditerranéen de Biodiversité et

d’Ecologie marine et continentale (IMBE), Aix

Marseille Université, CNRS, IRD, Avignon

Université, France

4 Institut de Recherche pour le Developpement,

UMR 113, laboratoire des symbioses tropicales et

méditerranéennes, campus Cirad de Baillarguet,

TA-A 82/J, 34398 Montpellier cedex 5, France.

Abstract

Many soil microorganisms are able to transform

insoluble forms of phosphorus to an accessible

soluble form, contributing to plant nutrition as

plant growth-promoting microorganisms

(PGPM). Their mecanisms of growth are through

biological control with production of organic

acids, siderophore and similar products with very

high affinity to ferric iron.

The objective of this work was to isolate, screen

and evaluate the phosphate solubilization activity

of fungi and actinobacteria from soil and roots of

plant belonging to ericaceous familyin order to

select potential microbial inoculant. Five fungi

strains and seven actinomycetes strains isolates

originating from this soil were tested for their

ability to grow on a synthetic minimum medium

(SMM) containing TCP (tricalcic-phosphate)

insoluble phosphate as sole P source.

All isolated were able to grow in SMM

medium.The five fungi and two actinomycets

showed the most active growth and solubilization

capability. These isolates were shown to be able

to solubilize P in liquid cultures. The study of

mechanisms involved in these weathering

processes indicated that all fungi and only one

actinomycete strain were able to produce

siderophores. Most of the actinomycets were

shown to belong to the streptomyces genus and

all the fungi belong to the Helotiales order.

Keywords: Screening, phosphate

solubilization,tricalcic-phosphate,

microorganisms, ericaceous shrubs.

PIV-132 : Carbon Source Effects on The

Toxinogenesis of Penicillium aurantiogriseum

Bouhoudan A.*1, Tantaoui-Elaraki A.2,

Khaddor M.1, 3

1. Environmental and Food Biotechnology

Research Team, Higher Normal School,

Abdelmalek Essaadi University, Tetouan,

Morocco

2. Moroccan Company of mycotoxicology,

Temara, Morocco

3. Regional Center for Careers Education and

Training, Tangier, Morocco


Abstract:

Penicillium aurantiogriseum is a species of

Penicillium frequently isolated from olives and

other food stuffs. It is recognized a very

redoubtable by mycotoxins that it secretes.

However, it is very useful in agri-food,

pharmaceutical and cosmetics industries by

activebiologically substances that produces.

The identification of P. aurantiogriseum is based

on morphological and biochemical characteristics

given by keys of determination, his metabolic

toxinogenic profile is determined by thin layer

chromatography TLC. Different concentrations of

sucrose were added to the media used to study

their effects on the physiological state and toxin

production of P. aurantiogriseum.

The analysis of the metabolic profile revealed

three mycotoxins in P. aurantiogriseum: the

terrestrique acid, the penicillicacid and the

aurantiamine. However, the secretion of these

mycotoxins depend on the concentration of

sucrose added to the media, especially liquid

YES.A close relationship was observed, on the

one hand, between the physiological conditions of

growth and reproduction from the fungal strain,

on the other hand, in acid terrestrique secretion.

The increasing use of sucrose concentrations has

allowed us to observe the signs of aging and





suffering related to the physiological activity of

the fungal strain. It results in centrifugal

morphological changes of its colonies obtained

on the media used. At a certain level of these

concentrations, the fungal strain first begins to

secrete terrestrique acid then progressively to find

its physiological state of departure. This is an

escape phenomenon to the action of the

increasing concentration of sucrose that we see

and whose indicator is terrestrique acid secretion.

Keywords : Penicillium aurantiogriseu,

Mycotoxins, thin layer chromatography, carbon

sources

PIV-133 : Adhesion of staphylococcus aureus

cultured in the UHT milk in polystyrene

surface

Tankiouine Safae1, Elfazazi Kaoutar1, Zahir

Hafida1, Lekchiri Souad1, MlijiMustapha2,

Ellouali Mostafa1, Latrache Hassan1

1 Laboratory of Bioprocess and biointerfaces ,

FST Beni Mellal , , Faculty of Sciences and

Technics, PO Box 523 Beni Mellal , Morocco .

2 Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Pasteur

Institute, Casablanca, Morocco.

[email protected]

Abstract:

The development of microbial biofilms on solid

surfaces poses many problems in the industrial

sector. In the dairy industry, the surface of

materials in contact with bacteria could change

the physicochemical properties of the substrate

surface. These properties may also exert a great

influence on the speed and amount of adhesion.

The aim of this work is to study the adhesion of

S. aureus cultured in milk in the polystyrene

support in different ionic strengths The results

show that increasing the ionic strength of milk led

to an increase in adherence of S. aureus in the

polystyrene support in conclusion it is of interest

to consider the physicochemical conditions of the

milk to estimate the risk of contamination in milk

production.

Keywords: Physicochemical properties, Milk,

Adhesion, Staphylococcus aureus, polystyrene

PIV-134 : Diversité des Glomeromycota dans

les sols rhizosphériques du pistachier de

l’Atlas de dayate El Gouffa (Laghouat,

Algérie).

Mechiah Fahima & Smail-Saadoun Noria

Département des Science Biologique, Laboratoire

Ressources Naturelles, Université Mouloud

Mammeri, Tizi Ouzou, Algérie.

[email protected]

Abstract

Dans cette étude, nous nous sommes intéressés à

l’une des plus fascinantes espèces des zones semi

arides et arides d’Afrique du Nord : le pistachier

de l’Atlas. Cet arbre est à la fois protecteur et

productif. Autrefois très abondant, il ne cesse de

régresser, suite aux actions anthropiques

importantes. Notre travail concerne les pistachiers

de l’Atlas de dayate El Gouffa (Laghouat,

Algérie), à climat aride. Notre intérêt s’est porté

sur la diversité sporale des champignons

endomycorhiziens qu’abritent les sols

rhizosphériques de cette espèce. Les sols sont

prélevés à différentes profondeurs sous six

pistachiers de l’Atlas, choisis aléatoirement au

sein de la daya concernée. Les sols sont tamisés à

2 mm. L’extraction des spores a été faite par

tamisage humide. L’identification des spores sous

microscope optique montre une diversité

importante des champignons

endomycorhizogènes à vésicules et arbuscules.

Nos résultats mettent en évidence la présence de

plusieurs morphotypes répartis en quatre

familles : Acaulosporaceae, Glomeraceae,

Gigasporaceae, Ambisporaceae et un nombre

importants de morphotypes indéterminés. Le

genre Acaulospora est le plus abondant parmi

tous les genres recensés dans les sols

rhizosphériques du pistachier de l’Atlas. Son

abondance est de 46%. Il est suivi par le genre

Glomus avec 18%. Les autres genres de

Glomeromycota sont moyennement présents.

Mots clés : Pistachier de l’Atlas, diversité,

Glomeromycota, sols, Laghouat (Algérie

PIV-135 : Étude de la Résistance aux

Antibiotiques et aux Désinfectants et Typage

Moléculaire des Souches de Pseudomonas

aeruginosa Isolées des Surfaces des Blocs

Opératoires d’Établissemnts Hospitaliers

Tlemcen Algérie

Nayme K.2, Zerrouki H.1*, Ribiahi S.A.1,

Hassaine H.1, Timinouni M.2






1. Laboratoire de Microbiologie Appliquée à

l’Agroalimentaire, au Biomédical et à

l’Environnement, Université de Tlemcen,

Tlemcen, Algérie

2. Laboratoire de Bactériologie Moléculaire,


*Correspondance E-mail :

[email protected]

Abstract

L’environnement hospitalier est largement

contaminé par des microorganismes d’origine

environnementale et humaine. En effet, les

surfaces, même régulièrement nettoyées et

désinfectées, jouent un rôle de vecteur microbien,

pour les espèces résistantes comme les

Pseudomonas.

L'étude vise à détecter la persistance des souches

de P. aeruginosa sur les surfaces des blocs

opératoires, après le bio-nettoyage dans le service

EHS de Tlemcen.

Ainsi, 20 souches de P. aeruginosa sont isolées et

identifiées. L’étude de résistance aux

antibiotiques est réalisée par la technique de

diffusion sur milieu gélosé. L’efficacité des

désinfectants est testée par la méthode de CMI

sur microplaque. Les gènes qacΔE1 et qacE

conférant la résistance aux ammoniums

quaternaires sont cherchés par la PCR et le typage

moléculaire des souches par ERIC-PCR.

L’antibiogramme a révélé la présence de 9

souches multi-résistances, pour la CMI. Les

produits, à base de plusieurs principes actifs,

présentent une bonne activité alors que les

produits à base d’ammonium quaternaire ne sont

pas efficaces sur la totalité des souches même à

des concentrations élevées. La PCR permet de

confirmer l’absence des gènes qacΔE1 et qacE

chez toutes les souches de P. aeruginosa et

ERIC-PCR a mis en évidence une

diversité génétique, une circulation et une

dissémination des mêmes clones, au niveau des

différents blocs opératoires.

Les résultats obtenus montrent que les

désinfectants à base d’ammoniums quaternaires

ont une action limitée, ceci implique l’utilisation

d’autres désinfectants efficaces, pour réduire au

maximum l’émergence des bactéries multi

résistantes au sein de service.

Mot Clés : Pseudomonas aeruginosa, ammonium

quaternaire, qacΔE1, qacE, ERIC-PCR

PIV-136 : Caractérisation Microbiologique des

Extraits d’Algues marines de la Côte d’El

Jadida

Hsaine L., Samri N., Etahiri S., Khlifi S.

Laboratoire de Biotechnologie Marine et de

l’Environnement, Faculté des Sciences, El Jadida,

Maroc

Abstract

Le Maroc est l’une des pays les plus riches en

algues marines connues pour leur intérêt

biologique et médical.

L’objectif de notre travail est la recherche et

l’identification de molécules bioactives, à partir

des extraits d’algues marines, collectées de la

région d’El Jadida. Ces extraits sont testés, in

vitro, à différentes concentrations, pour évaluer

leur effet antimicrobien, vis-à-vis de plusieurs

souches bactériennes comme E. coli.

Les résultats préliminaires ont montré une

sensibilité considérable de la majorité des

souches bactériennes étudiées vis-à-vis de ces

extraits d’algues marines.

De ce fait, d’après cette étude, les algues marines

peuvent être utilisées comme des antibiotiques

naturels efficaces, contre ces souches

bactériennes et donc présenter un moyen de lutte

biologique contre les maladies en question.

Mots Clés : activité antimicrobienne, extrait

d’algue marine, molécules bioactives, souches

bactériennes, lutte biologique

PIV-137 : Molecular identification of

Trichoderma Moroccan isolates and In vitro

screening of their antagonism potential

W. Mokhtari,A N. ChtainaA, E. Halmschlager,B

H . Volgmayr,C, C. Stauffer,B& W. Jaklitsch,C

a: Institute of Agronomy andveterinary sciences,

Environment and Pesticides laboratory,

production, protection and biotechnology




department, Rabat, Morocco; b: University of

Natural Resources and Life Science, Institute of

Forest Entomology, Forest Pathology and Forest

Protection (IFFF),Hasenauerstrasse 38, 1190,

Vienna, Austria; c:University of Vienna,

Department of Systematic and Evolutionary

Botany, Faculty Centre of Biodiversity, Rennweg

14, 1030 Vienna, Austria

[email protected]

Abstract

In this study, 17 Trichoderma strains were

isolated from different soils (crop fields and

Argan forests) in Morocco. Purified monospore

cultures were identified to species-level using

molecular methods and tested for their potential

antagonism against three phytopathogenic fungi

(Fusarium oxyxporum, verticillium dahlia and

rhizoctonia solani). After DNA extraction,

translation elongation factor (tef1) was amplified

in extracts of 17 strains, sequenced and compared

with their ex-types. As a result, three species

were identified among the strains, which

clustered in two different subclades of

Trichoderma: the species T. afroharzianum, and

T. guizhouense belong to the Harzianum clade,

while T. longibrachiatum belongs to the

Longibrachiatum clade. Investigation of potential

antagonistic effects of these strains against the

soil-borne phytopathogens: F.oxysporum, R.

solani and V. dahliae was conducted in a dual

culture plate assay, using 17 promising

Trichoderma strains that have been selected based

on a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) screening

approach. In vitro, Trichoderma isolates showed

effective antagonistic performance by decreasing

soil pathogens mycelium radial growth.

Trichoderma afroharzianum showed the highest

percentage of Radial Inhibition Growth (PRIG

%). The highest PRIG% = 98% was for 8A2.3

isolate against R. solani and the lowest PRIG%=

67.21% for T9i10 against F. oxysporum. On the

other hand, T9i12 which is reesei species led to a

high radial inhibition of pathogens’ mycelium.

Keywords

Keywords: Trichoderma spp, Fusarium

oxysporum, Verticillium dahlia, Rhizoctonia

solani, antagonistic fungi

PIV-138 : Plant monocultures support more

antagonistic activity among soil Streptomyces

populations than plant polycultures.

Adil Essarioui1,2, Linda L. Kinkel2

1 National Institute of Agronomic Research,

Regional Center of Errachidia, Morocco 2Department of Plant Pathology, University of

Minnesota, USA

Abstract

Streptomycespossess strong antagonistic activities

and inhibit diverse plant pathogens. However, the

effects of plant community characteristics on

Streptomyces inhibitory activity have received

little attention. We evaluated the impact of plant

species and plant community richness on the

frequency and intensity of inhibitory activity of

rhizosphere Streptomyces communities against 2

fungal plant pathogens, Fusarium oxysporum f.

sp. graminearum and Fusariumoxyxporum f. sp.

lycopersici, the agents of wheat head blight and

tomato wilt, respectively.

Soil samples were taken from the rhizosphere of

two plant species, Andropogan geradii and

Lespedeza capitata, each growing in communities

of 1 (monoculture) or 16 (polyculture) plant

species. Streptomyces inhibitory activity against

the two pathogens was studied using an in vitro

assay to reveal inhibition on each target pathogen.

For each soil sample, the proportions of

Streptomyces that exhibit antagonistic activities

against each pathogen and the mean size of the

inhibition zone were determined.

Plant richness modified the impacts of both plant

species on Streptomyces antagonistic activity.

Regardless of plant species, monocultures

supported higher frequencies and greater

intensities of Streptomyces inhibition than

polycultures.

Streptomyces antagonistic capacity increased with

decreasing plant community richness, suggesting

that plant diversity modifies selection for

antagonistic phenotypes among soil

Streptomyces. Fostering monoculture conditions

in agricultural settings may contribute

significantly to reducing the impacts of soil

pathogens.

Keywords : Streptomyces, Inhibition,

monoculture, polyculture

PIV-139 : Effect of antimicrobial edible

coating on the shelf-life of strawberries




Ait Boulahsen M1, Zantar S2, Toukour A1,

Bakkali M3, Laglaoui A3, Hassani M1

1. Department of Biology, Polydisciplinary

Faculty of Larache, ABDELMALEK ESSAADI

University, Tangier, Morocco

2. National Institute of Agricultural Research,

Tangier, Morocco

3. Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and

technology, ABDELMALEK ESSAADI

University, Tangier, Morocco

Corresponding author: [email protected]

Abstract

Strawberries are extremely perishable and have

unusually demanding postharvest handling

requirements. This study aims to develop edible

coatings based on gelatin combined with essential

oils to improve the quality and shelf-life of the

strawberry fruit. Coatings were prepared by

dissolving gelatin and thyme essential oil at

different concentrations (0.5%, 1% and 1.5%)

using glycerol as plasticizer and lecithin soy as

emulsifying agent. Fruits were then dipped on the

different prepared coatings and stored at 6°C for

15 days for microbiological and physicochemical

essays. Results showed that the growth of yeasts

and molds, total aerobic flora, and total coliforms

were slowed by the application of the coating

containing 1.5% of thyme essential oils when the

non coated fruits (control) were all covered with

the grey mold caused by Botrytis Cinerea.

Coatings application did not affect

physicochemical characteristics (Dry matter,

acidity, color, texture …) of the strawberry fruit

suggesting that the use of gelatin coating

combined with thyme essential oil are useful for

extending the shelf-life and maintaining quality

of strawberries.

Keywords: strawberry, shelf-life, edible coating,

essential oil, thyme.

PIV-140 : Chemical Composition and

Antibacterial Activity of two Essential Oils, of

rosemary ( Rosmarinus officinalis,Rosmarinus

eriocalyx) Against Erwinia Amylovora fire

blight agent

L. Doukkali1, A. Tahiri2, B.Tazi3, F.Guenoun1

1Laboratory of bioactive molecules and

environment, Moulay Ismail University of

Sciences B.P 11201 –, Meknes, Morocco

2 Laboratory of Phytopathology, Department of

the Protection of the Plants & Environment ;

National School of Agriculture, BP S 40

Meknès, Morocco 2

3 Laboratory of Chemistry, Department of the

Basic Sciences; National School of Agriculture,

BP S 40 Meknès, Morocco 2

*E-Mail:[email protected]

Abstract

Dealing with resistance and toxicity problems

caused by the massive use of plant protection

products (pesticides), and with the fact that

regulation organizations are questioning the use

of antibiotics in agriculture, it is particularly

urgent to find alternatives to provide efficient

protection of crops against plant diseases.

The main objective of this paper is to study the

antibacterial activity of essential oils (EO)

extracted of two species of Rosmary (Rosmarinus

officinalis, Rosmarinus eriocalyx) against

Erwinia Amylovora. The extraction was carried

out by water distillation Clevenger’s type

apparatus.The yields of extracted essential oils

(EOs) are about 1.6% and 2.1% respectively for

Rosmarinus officinalis and Rosmarinus eriocalyx

The chemical compositions of EO were analyzed

using a gas chromatography / mass spectrometry

(GC-MS) showed that both species have almost

the same profil: αpinene, β-pinene, camphene,

camphor, borneol were found as predominant

compounds and 1,8-cineole as chemotype with

40%% for Rosmarinus officinalis and 45% for

Rosmarinus eriocalyx.

The in vitro antibacterial activity against Erwinia

Amylovora was evaluated using the method of

aromatogram. The results revealed that EO of

Rosmarinus officinalis is most active against

Erwinia Amylovora.

Keywords : fire blight, Erwinia Amylovora,

antibacterial activity, Rosmarinus officinalis,

Rosmarinus eriocalyx,in vitro

PIV-141 : First detection of resistance genes

L1014F kdr and G119S ace-1 mutations

among Culex pipiensin Morocco

Meriem Bkhache1,2, Omar Charafeddine2,

Fatim-Zohra Tmimi1, Oumama Benabdelkrim

Filali1, M’hammed Sarih1





1- Laboratoire des Maladies Vectorielles, Institut

Pasteur du Maroc, Casablanca, Maroc.

2- Laboratoire de Virologie Microbiologie &

Qualité / Eco-toxicologie & Biodiversité, Faculté

des Sciences et Techniques, Mohammedia, Maroc

Abstract

Culex pipiens complex is a mosquito, and

competent vector that transmit Rift Valley Fever

virus (RVFV) and West-Nile virus (WNV), this

complex is subdivided in two different forms

molestus and pipiens, morphologically identical

but genetically different. Vector control is based

on the use of pesticides which leads resistance, as

Cx. pipiens is frequently exposed to insecticides,

we aim to investigate the L1014F kdr and G119S

Ace-1 mutation frequencies in different forms of

Culex pipiens complex from three regions of

Morocco.

Tests were conducted on adults reared from larval

and pupal collection from three different regions

in Morocco (Tangier, Casablanca and

Marrakech). Specimens were identified as

belonging to the Culex pipiens complex using a

multiplex Polymorphism Chain Reaction (PCR)

assay prospected for these forms in Morocco by

using diagnostic primers designed for the

flanking region of microsatellite CQ11, and the

characterized mosquitoes were tested for the

presence of the L1014F kdr and G119S ace-1

mutations using PCR assay.

Overall 416 specimens were tested for L1014F

kdr mutation detection, we found that

heterozygous resistant form (RS) is more frequent

in Tangier and Marrakech than Casablanca: 66%,

60% 17% respectively, while homozygous

resistant (RR) genotype is lower in all cities (0-

7%). The half of Cx. pipienspipiens and hybrid:

53% and 54% respectively, is heterozygous

resistant whereas the most of Cx. pipiens

molestus has the homozygous susceptible (SS)

form (90.5%).

About 380 samples were characterized and tested

to detect G119S mutation in the three cities. We

found that the RS genotype was frequent in urban

than rural area: 41.5% vs 27% in Tangier, 61% vs

0% in Casablanca, and 62.5% vs 16% in

Marrakech. For the frequency of Ace-1 mutation

according to the forms, the RS genotype was

frequent in Cx.pipiens pipiens (31.5%) and

hybrids (26.5%), than Cx. pipiens molestus (2%).

For the RR form, was very lower in the different

forms of Culex pipiens (0-2%).

For the first time in Morocco, we determined the

frequency of L1014F kdr and G119S ace-1

mutations in different areas of Morocco, and also

in different forms of Cx. pipiens mosquito.

Keywords : Culex pipiens, resistance, L1014F

kdr, G119S Ace-1 mutation, Morocco

PIV-142 : Formulation du yaourt à base du

cactus (Meknès, MAROC)



1. Equipe : Microbiologie et Santé, Faculté des


Equipe : Physico-chimie de la Matière


Moulay Ismail, Meknès


plantes Ecole nationale d’agriculture, Meknès


Abstract

L’Opuntia ficus indica ou figuier de barbarie, est

une plante de type CAM (Crassulacean Acid

Metabolism) [1] qui présente des adaptations

physiologiques et morphologiques, lui permettant

de résister aux conditions difficiles des régions

arides et semi arides [2]. En outre, les jeunes cladodes ou "nopalitos" sont

consommés comme légume dans certains pays

d’Amérique du Sud, dont le Mexique.Ces

cladodes qui contiennent différentes molécules

bioactives et fonctionnelles dont les flavonoïdes,

sont particulièrement riches en fibres et

minéraux.

Dans le domaine alimentaire, les jeunes cladodes

sont utilisées au Chili et au Mexique, pour

préparer la poudre de cladodes, les confitures,

marmelade et divers plats. Leurs mucilages qui

constituent un apport de fibres alimentaires,

améliorent la digestion, ont aussi des propriétés

gélifiantes et épaississantes. Ce qui justifie leur

introduction comme épaississant à la place des

carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) provenant de la

modification de la cellulose. Leurs fibres ouvrent

ainsi, de nouvelles perspectives dans la

préparation et la formulation des aliments.





Au Maroc, comme dans les autres pays du

Maghreb, l’utilisation fourragère des cladodes est

peu développée si l’on excepte leur utilisation

pendant les périodes de sécheresse difficiles[3]. Quand à l’utilisation des jeunes cladodes dans

l’alimentation humaine, elle est pratiquement

méconnue. Les habitudes alimentaires constituent

encore un frein à l’utilisation maraichère des

jeunes cladodes, contrairement aux pays

d’Amérique du Sud ou la consommation qui ne

cesse d’augmenter dépasse 6.36 kg/ an/personne.

Afin de tirer profit du potentiel nutritif et

médicinal des cladodes d’Opuntia, leur

incorporation sous forme d’ingrédient dans les

aliments, pourrait constituer une alternative pour

leur exploitation.


en abordant la composition des cladodes selon le

stade développement et les possibilités

d’enrichissement des produits laitiers en vitamine

C, fibres, polyphénols. Les cladodes qui on a

exploitées sont sélectionnées, en fonction du

stade de croissance offrant une composition

optimale en molécules bioactives et d’intérêt

nutritionnel . Ainsi abordé l’impact lié à

l’addition du jus de cladodes pour

l’enrichissement des produits laitiers, à travers

leur effet surla croissance des bactéries lactiques ,

d’une part ,et sur le procédé de fabrication

notamment : l’acidification, l’évolution des

sucres et des mucilages en cours de fermentation,

et l’effet sur les caractéristiques sensorielles du

yaourt, d’autre part.

Mots Clés : Opuntiaficusindica, jus de cladodes,

composition, mucilage, bactéries lactiques

Références bibliographiques

[1]. Nobel, P.S,1988, in Barbera, G., Inglese, P.,

etPimienta-Barrios, P., (Eds.), Agro

ecology,cultivation and uses of cactus pear (pp.

36–45). FAO Plant Production and Protection,

Paper: 132.

[2]. Oppenheimer HR, 1962: recherche sur la

zone Aride échanges hydrique des milieux arides

et semi aride. Compte rendu de la recherche de

l’UNESCO

[3]. Sudzuki Hills, 1995. Anatomy and

morphology inBarbera G et al . J (eds), Agro-

ecology, cultivation and uses of cactus pear,

FAO. Plant product and protect Division Paper

132, Rome (Italy), 28-35.

PIV-143 : Biomass Exploitation: A New

Technological Interest Thermophilic

Homofermentative Lactic Levain Assessment

A Bensolataneand A Meribai

1Laboratoire Caractérisation et Valorisation des

Ressources Naturelles (L.C.V.R.N) Sis au :

Département des sciences Agronomiques- Faculté

SNV- Université de Bordj Bou Arreridj (34000)

Algerie. 2Laboratoire de Microbiologie

Alimentaire - Université Oran1 Es’Senia- (31000)

Algerie.

Abstract

Streptococcus thermophilus a homofermentative

thermophilic lactic species; the most widely used

in milk process and dairy technology, such as

fermented milks, beverages, yoghurts and

cheeses. The only urease positive, lactate and

flavor compounds (acetaldehyde) production

responsible. Acetaldehyde is the main aroma in

yoghurts, produced from lactose, glucose,

pyruvate converted from threonine and

methionine. However, biosynthetic pathways,

their regulation are not elucidated. By their

resistance to bacteriophages attack, species are

used also in cheeses ripening. However, in all

milk technological process, species are used only

in mixed culture, associated with thermophilic

lactic such as Lactobacillus bulgaricus,

Lactobacillus helviticus and Bifidobacterium sp,

where synergies phenomenon were observed,

never in single culture. The study aimed to assess

technological behavior of wild Streptococcus

thermophilus strains isolated from Algerian raw

milk in single culture. Strains belonging to

Streptococcus thermophilus species were isolated,

selected from Algerian raw milk using MRS and

M17 medium, their technological skills of lactate

and acetaldehyde production kinetics explored.

From all samples, collected, three isolated lactic

strains were selected as having unusual

technological performance ST1, ST2 and ST3,

milk acidification (ºD* Dornic degree) were

respectively 70°D and 74°D 69°D, flavoring

power of reconstituted skim milk (in ppm: parts

per million) was 0.09 ppm for ST1, 0.07 ppm for

ST2, and 0.04 ppm for the strain ST3.

Keywords : Streptococcus thermophilus, Wild

strains, Selection, Acetaldehyd, Lactic acid

.




PV-1 : The Role of Ionic Strength and

Surfactants Tween 20 and Tween 80 on the

Adhesion Phenomenon of Staphylococcus

aureus on the Glass

Koubali H.1*, Latrache H.1, Zahir H.1, El

Louali M.1


Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, Sultan

Moulay Slimane University, Beni Mellal,

Marocoo


Abstract

The microbial adhesion to surfaces is the result of

physicochemical interactions (Van der Waals,

Electrostatic and Acid-base) between the two

surface involvements, the surface of the

microorganism and the substratum. It constitutes

the initial step in the colonization and the biofilm

formation. The exact role of these

physicochemical proprieties is still poorly

documented.

To better understand the adhesion process of

bacterial cells, we followed the kinetic adhesion

of Staphylococcus aureus ATCC25923, as a

model bacterium, on the glass by varying the

experimental conditions as ionic strength (high

and low) and adding non-ionic surfactants Tween

20 and Tween 80, polysorbates having a fatty

acid ester and a long chain of poly-oxyethylene.

The first obtained results show that the ionic

strength, the charge of the surface and the contact

time play an important role in the adhesion and

the organization of Staphylococcus aureus on the

surface of the glass. By adding to the culture

medium the Tween-20 or the Tween-80, the

number of adherent cells decreased. The two

surfactants, by their fatty acid chain, have

increased the hydrophobic character of the

hydrophilic surface of the glass. This has enabled

us to deduce that Staphylococcus aureus adheres

more to the hydrophilic surfaces.

For more information and the understanding of

the adhesion process, we believe that it is

necessary to perform these experiments, using

other surfactants and conduct these experiments

with other supports and other bacterial strains.

Keywords : biofilm, adhesion, Staphylococcus

aureus, glass, surfactants, ionic strength

PV-2 : The Impact of Vegetable Oils on the

Physicochemical Properties of Cedar Wood

Bennouna F.1,3*, Sadiki M.1, Lekbach Y.1, EL

Abed S.1,2, Lachkar M.3, Ibn Souda Koraichi

S.1,2


University Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah, Faculty

of Science and Technology, Fez, Morocco

2. Regional University Centre of Interface,

University Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah, Fez,

Morocco

3. Laboratory of Organometallic Materials and

Molecular Engineering, University Sidi

Mohamed Ben Abdellah, Faculty of Science, Fez,

Morocco


Abstract

Cedar wood is one of the oldest structural and

decorative material used in the construction of

historical monuments of the medina of Fez. Its

use dates back to Idrissid’s dynasty for building

mosques, houses, etc. Despite its many qualities

and due to its chemical composition

(polysaccharides, lignin), wood is affected by

some bacteria and fungi which adhere to the

surface and form biofilms thus causing a

degradation of the historical monuments of the

medina of Fez and therefore a loss of our cultural

heritage. Different methods of struggle against

biofilm formation are proposed in the literature

including vegetable oils. The use of vegetable oils

dates back to the second and third century before

Jesus Christ by the Greeks and Romans to

preserve the wood against fungi.

The aim of this study is to examine how the

vegetable oils addition will influence the

physicochemical properties of cedar wood,

especially hydrophobicity, surface tension and

electron donor electron acceptor properties. In

addition, a novel approach to assess wood

hydrophobicity by contact angle measurements is

presented.


The 3th Edition of International Congress: Microbial Biotechnology for Development 216

Poster Communication: Theme V


An evaluation of the inhibitory potential of these

vegetable oils on Penicillium commune accession

to the surface of the wood has been analyzed by

Environmental Scanning Electron Microscopy

(MEBE).

Keywords : vegetable oils, wood, contact angle,

physicochemical properties, MEBE, adhesion

PV-3 : Surface Hydrophobicity and Acid-Base

Properties of Various Wood Species Used in

Morocco

Bennouna F.1,3*, Barkai H.1, Sadiki M.1, EL

Abed S.1,2, Lachkar M.3, Ibn Souda Koraichi

S.1,2


University Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah, Faculty

of Science and Technology, Fez, Morocco

2. Regional University Centre of Interface,

University Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah, Fez,

Morocco

3. Laboratory of Organometallic Materials and

Molecular Engineering, University Sidi

Mohamed Ben Abdellah, Faculty of Science, Fez,

Morocco


Abstract

The wood has many assets that make it an ideal

material for construction. In addition to its

aesthetic qualities, it is a lightweight and durable

material. It is one of the oldest building materials,

in Morocco. It’s one of the oldest materials used

by man. It marks out our history and has

undergone major technological progress, in

different areas such as building. Cedar wood, pine

wood, beech and other several of wood are the

most species used, in Morocco.

However, as a natural material, wood is sensitive

to different agent of degradation such as insects

and microorganisms, fungi and bacteria. These

latter adhere to the wood surface and form

biofilms. The microbial adhesion step is

considered as critical point, in the biofilm

formation process. The physicochemical

interactions involved, in this process, are mainly

the acid-base, electrostatic and Van Der Waals

types. These latter depend on the

physicochemical characteristic of material and the

microbial surface, especially, hydrophobicity,

surface tension and electron donor–electron

acceptor properties.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the initial

physicochemical characteristics of the wood

species mostly used, in Morocco, using angle

contact measurement to understand the

mechanism involved in the degradation of wood.

Keywords : physicochemical characteristics,

contact angle, wood

PV-4 : Biodiversité des Bactéries Halophiles

des Marais Salins de la Région de Taza in

Maroc

Massaoudi Y.1, Drissi Kaïtouni L.1, El

Karkouri A.2, El Hassouni M.1*

1. Laboratoire de Biotechnologie, Équipe de

Biotechnologie des Microorganismes, Faculté des







Maroc


[email protected]

Abstract

Les bactéries halophiles sont des

microorganismes qui tolèrent ou même exigent de

très grandes concentrations en sel, pour pouvoir

vivre, croître et produire. En fait, afin de peupler

et s’adapter aux environnements hypersalins, ces

bactéries halophiles développent différentes

stratégies biochimiques et physiologiques. Les

halophiles constituent un trésor de molécules

bioactives à explorer au Maroc et sont rares les

travaux de recherche étudiant la biodiversité des

biotopes salins.

Dans ce contexte, l’objectif de notre présent

travail est d’étudier la biodiversité saline des

bactéries halophiles présentes dans les marrais

salins de la région de Taza.

Pour ce faire, l’isolement est réalisé à partir du

sol et de l’eau des marrais sur milieu LB à

différentes concentrations en Na Cl (1%, 5,8%,

10%, 14% et 18%). Les isolats purifiés ont par la

suite fait l’objet du test de tolérance en Na Cl sur






milieu LB additionné de différentes

concentrations croissantes en NaCl allant de 1%

jusqu’à 20%.

Les résultats obtenus ont montré que parmi 108

isolats, 85 (78,70%) sont des halotolérants

montrant une croissance à des concentrations en

Na Cl entre 0,2 et 0,85M (1 et 5%) et 23

(21,30%) sont des halophiles modérés ayant une

croissance à des concentrations de l’ordre de 0,85

et 3,4M (5 à 20%) de NaCl. Alors qu’aucun isolat

n’est trouvé halophile extrême, contrairement à

d’autres environnements salins (Zalagh (Fès), El

Oualidia…) où des halophiles extrêmes ne

commençant à croître qu’à partir de 2,5 à 3M en

NaCl et pouvant supporter jusqu’à 4M et plus ont

pu être isolés.

Ces bactéries halophiles obtenues constituent un

véritable trésor dont le potentiel de production de

molécules bioactives, et, plus précisément de

celles à effets anti-cancer et antioxydant va être

évalué.

Mots Clés : bactéries halophiles, milieux salins,

marrais salins, biodiversité des milieux salins,

halophilie

PV-5 : Optimization of Fermentation

Conditions for Extracellular Production of the

Antineoplastic Enzyme, L-Asparaginase by

Novel Actinomycete Nocardiopsis

synnemasporogenes sp. nov. NEAE-85

El Ahmady El Naggar N.1*, Moawad H.2

1. Department of Bioprocess Development,

Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research

Institute, City for Scientific Research and

Technological Applications, Alexandria, Egypt

2. Department of Agricultural Microbiology at

National Research Center, Cairo, Egypt


Abstract

The optimization of different fermentation

conditions for L-asparaginase production by

Streptomyces brollosae NEAE-115 and its

validation using Plackett-Burman experimental

design and response surface methodology.

Fifteen nutritional variables (temperature, pH,

incubation time, inoculum size, inoculum age,

agitation speed, dextrose, starch, L-asparagine,

KNO3, yeast extract, K2HPO4, MgSO4.7H2O, Na

Cl and FeSO4.7H2O) were screened, using

Plackett-Burman experimental design. The most

positive significant independent variables

affecting enzyme production (incubation time,

starch and L-asparagine) were further optimized

by the central composite design-response surface

methodology.

An overall about 3 and a half-fold increase in L-

asparaginase production was achieved, in the

optimized medium as compared with the

unoptimized basal medium. As a result, a medium

of the following formula is the optimum for

producing an extracellular L-asparaginase in the

culture filtrate of Streptomyces brollosae NEAE-

115 (Dextrose 2g, starch 20g, L-asparagine 10 g,

KNO3 1g, K2HPO4 1g, MgSO4.7H2O 0.5g, NaCl

0.1g, pH 7, temperature +30°C, agitation speed

150 rpm, inoculum size 4%, v/v, inoculum age 48

h and fermentation period 7 days).

The present work for the first time reported more

information on the production of L-asparaginase

produced by novel Actinomycete Streptomyces

brollosae NEAE-115.

Keywords : Streptomyces brollosae, L-

asparaginase production, optimization, Plackett-

Burman design, central composite design

Acknowledgments : The author gratefully

acknowledges the Science and Technology

Development Fund (STDF), Egypt, for their

financial support of this paper which is a part of

the Grant No. 4943.

PV-6 : Contact Angle as New Method to

Determine the Corrosion Inhibition Efficiency

of Stainless Steel by Plant Extracts

Lekbach Y.1, Bennouna F.1, El Abed S.1, Ibn

Souda Koraichi S.1

1. Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnology, Sidi

Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Faculty of

Science and Technology, Fez, Morocco

Abstract




Stainless steel (SS) is a material frequently used

for its resistant properties against corrosion. It is

covered with a highly protective film of

chromium oxyhydroxide and is resistant to

corrosion, in many aggressive environments.

However, hydrochloric acid solution causes

corrosion of stainless steel. Most of the well-

known acid inhibitors are plant extracts.

In this study, contact angle was used as new

method to determine the corrosion inhibition

efficiency of plant extracts which are formed

from organic compounds that are found to have

higher basicity and electron density. Contact

angle method was used to determinate the

electron donor electron acceptor and

hydrophobicity properties of the non-treated and

treated stainless steel surface with different plant

extracts.

The results showed that the electron donor

propriety of the treated surfaces with plant

extracts has increased. This is due to the

adsorption of the organic compounds of the plant

extracts on the stainless steel surface.

Contact angle is a fast and accurate method to

determine the corrosion inhibition efficiency of

plant extracts and it can replace the other

conventional methods.

Key Words : contact angle, electron donor,

corrosion, plant extract

PV-7 : Phylogenetic Analysis of Hypervariable

S1 Gene Regions of Avian Coronavirus : Case

of Infectious Bronchitis Virus Variants

Circulating in Africa

Khataby K.1,2, Souiri A.1, Loutfi C.2, Ennaji

M.M.1*

1. Laboratory of Virology, Microbiology Quality

and Biotechnologies, Ecotoxicology and


Techniques, University Hassan II, Mohammedia,

Morocco


3. Hassan 2nd In Institute of Agronomic and

Veterinary Medecine, Rabat, Morocco


Abstract

Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) is a major viral

pathogen of commercial poultry, affecting

chickens of all ages and causing major economic

losses in poultry industry worldwide. Frequent

points of mutations and recombination events, in

the S1 gene region, result in the emergence of

new IBVs variants circulating in the form of

several serotypes/genotypes that can be partially

or poorly neutralized by current vaccines. IBV is

well studied worldwide, nevertheless, in African

countries, epidemiological and scientific data are

poor and not updated.

This review aims to give a current overview of

IBV situation in Africa and to establish

phylogenic relation between the African variants.

Three S1 gene hypervariable regions were studied

and compared to the reference

genotypes/serotypes that found emerging in

Africa. This comparison was based on

phylogenetic trees, nucleotide and amino-acid

sequences analysis.

It clearly appears that IBV variants reported in

Africa display a low genetic relationship between

them and with the majority of the reference

strains emerging in neighboring countries, except

the case of variants from Libya and Egypt that

show a high relatedness. Also the Massachusetts

serotypes were the most prevalent co-circulating

with both serotypes, Italy02 type in Morocco and

Qx-like genotype in South part of the African

continent.

In order to control the IBV variants in Africa, an

efficient vaccination strategy program should be

implemented.

Keywords : infectious bronchitis virus (IBV),

african variants, phylogenetic analysis, S1 gene,

hypervariable regions (HVR)

PV-8 : Phylogenic and Phylodynamics Study

of EBOLA

Kasmi Y., Khataby K., Ennaji M.M.*

Laboratory of Virology, Microbiology and


of Sciences and Techniques, University Hassan

II, Mohammedia, Morocco







Abstract

Ebola’s emergence is due to the evolution of

pathogen agent Zaire Ebola virus, responsible for

the outbreak of hemorrhagic fever in Africa.

Since the beginning of the year 2014, cases of

Ebola virus have been reported in four African

countries Guinea, Liberia, Sierra Leone and

Nigeria.

The aim of this study was pursued on the

evolution of virus while the Makona length and to

establish a molecular epidemiological model by

phylogenetic and phylodynamics analysis.

Thus, 132 sequences were obtained from the

NCBI database and they are harvested between

1stJune 2014 and 30th Aguste 2015 from Sierra

Leone and Guainía. The collected sequences

underwent a global alignment, for determine the

conserved amino acid and non-

synonymous/synonymous mutations via MEGA6.

The BEAST software was used to build the

phylogenetic tree and the phylodynamics study.

Phylogenetic analysis reveals a high genetic

diversity, with the presence of three distinct

lineages, first and second rows corresponding to a

set of sequences found only in Guinea. A third

group of viruses genomes represents part of

Guinea and Sierra Leone, demonstrating a

migration of virus between the two countries. At

the leader region of GP gene of three sequences

of Guinea shows no synonymous mutations T =>

C, where one Asparagine was mutated to

Threonine or synonym. These mutations can

cause an alteration of virus. The time mutation

was increased since March 2015, meaning that

virus was in the beginning of latency stage.

In conclusion, the phylodynamics, phylogenetic

study and the epidemiological computational SIR

model demonstrates that the epidemic is receding

from the beginning of March 2015 that allow the

estimate at the end of a few months can be a

significant decrease in the number of cases and

the virus is in a first latency step.

These results do not allow us to say that the

danger of the virus has expired. Contrarily, at this

point, we need to be warned against a new spread

of the epidemic a new faster and more lethal way.

Keywords : Ebola virus, phylogenetic,

phylodynamics, mutations non-synonymous

PV-9 : Use of Medicinal Plants in the

Treatment of Infection Stones

Beghalia M.1, Ghalem S.2, Brlouatek A.1, Allali

H.2

1. University Centre of Relizane, Algeria

2. University of Tlemcen, Faculty of Science,

Tlemcen, Algeria

Abstract

The chemical composition and ultrastructure of

magnesium ammonium phosphate hexahydrate

(struvite) obtained from artificial urine is study by

using qualitative chemical analysis, scanning

electron microscopy and Fourier transform infra-

red spectroscopy. The urinary lithiasis associated

with a chronic infection of the urinary tract is the

term used to describe "stone infection." The

stones composed of phosphate ammoniac-

magnesien (struvite) and carbapatite, lithiasis

called triple phosphates are stones infection more

frequent. These stones are sometimes called

coralliformes lithiasis, because they can grow

quickly and fill the cavities pyelocaliciell. They

form when a urinary tract infection with a germ

owner of a urease. They can occur complicate a

gallstone metabolic secondarily infected by a

germ urinary. They represent about 2-3% of all

lithiasis analysed.

In this work, we conducted a study inhibition

training struvite crystals which gives stones

infection, our study inhibition crystallization in

vitro allows the specification of thermodynamics

and kinetics of formation and growth conditions

crystalline calcium phosphate. We used inhibitors

natural product that prevent, slow or reduce

phases of crystallization. We chose the classic

model for studying the crystallization of

phosphate with and without inhibitor, to assess

the ability of any inhibitory inhibitor used.

The precipitation of the solid phase of phosphates

from artificial urine is the subject of our

investigation.

Keywords : infection, lithiasis, treatment, urinary

tract

PV-10 : Molecular Identification with

PCR_Delta and PCR_ITS_RFLP of Yeast in

the Vineyards of the Plain Ghriss Grape

Varieties (Merlot, Cabernet and Carignan)




Benmaghnia S.1, Zendour H.1, Aissaoui R.2

1. Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural

Sciences and Life, Mascara University, Algeria

2. Bioconversion Laboratory, University

Mustapha Stambouli, Mascara, Algeria


Abstract

Identification and isolation of yeasts can often be

problematic. We explored, in this study, the

diversity of local native flora yeasts, by collecting

samples of different varieties of grapes (Merlot,

Cabernet and Carignan) which are scattered over

the vineyards of the plain of Ghriss (Mascara).

The main purpose of this study is to develop new

methods of detection of our yeast isolates, after a

realization of macroscopic and microscopic

studies that investigate their morphological and

cultural characteristics.

A protocol for DNA extraction as well as two

methods of molecular detection of fungi has

targeted DNAr. A PCR-ITS-RFLP was developed

for the region ITS 1-DNAr 5.8 S-ITS 2 and the

target PCR-Delta Ty1 retrotransposons (Delta

region). They are sensitive enough to detect the

biodiversity of different yeast species isolated.

Laboratory studies on isolates have revealed

considerable phenotypic divergence

accompanying the molecular diversity and show

that there's a strain variation.

Despite this diversity, several cases of dominance

and survival of strains were observed and ten

genera Pichia, Saccharomyces, Cryptococcus,

Rhodotorula, Leucosporidiella, Brettanomyces,

Candida, Clockera, Dekkera and Diplodia were

identified.

Keywords : yeast, PCR, molecular diversity,

Cabernet, Carignan, Merlot

PV-11 : Effet de Certaines Substances

Antibactériennes Produites par des Bactéries

Halines Extrêmophiles Sur Certaines Bactéries

d’Intérêt Sanitaire

Elhasnaoui A., Hassani L., Mezrioui N.

Laboratoire de Biologie et Biotechnologie des


Marrakech, Maroc

Abstract

Nul n’ignore les divers rôles joués par les

microorganismes dans le fonctionnement des

différents écosystèmes aquatiques et terrestres,

via les cycles biogéochimiques. La grande

diversité microbienne est associée à l’existence

d’une diversité métabolique importante

permettant aux différents microorganismes,

surtout les bactéries, de mieux s’adapter aux

différentes conditions environnementales

rencontrées au niveau de tous les biotopes. Ainsi,

les microorganismes extrêmophiles se

développent de manière optimale, dans des

conditions de milieux très défavorables, et,

parfois, mortelles pour la quasi-totalité des autres

espèces. Comme exemples de ces

microorganismes extrêmophiles, les bactéries

halophiles des environnements hypersalins

possèdent des capacités d'adaptations

moléculaires intéressantes et constituent ainsi une

importante source de molécules bioactives.

Ce travail de recherche préliminaire constitue

une contribution à l’étude de l’action de certaines

substances antibactériennes élaborées à partir

d’isolats bactériens halophiles isolés des salines

du lac ZIMA (saline d’Echemmaia, Maroc).

Durant cette étude, 274 isolats bactériens sont

isolés à partir de deux types d’échantillons eau et

sol. Les tests de l’activité antibactérienne des

différents isolats sont réalisés, en faisant appel à

différents test de bioactivité. Les substances

antibactériennes élaborées sont testées sur des

bactéries d’intérêt médical (E.coli, Klebsiella

pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus

mirabilis, Salmonella spp, Staphylococcus

aureus…).

Les résultats ont révélé l’existence d’une activité

antibactérienne non négligeable chez 85 isolats.

Après les caractérisations morphologique et

biochimique, ces isolats appartiennent à 7

groupes bactériens (Vibrio, Bacillus, bactéries

non fermentaires, Staphylococcus …). Les

résultats préliminaires obtenus, dans le cadre de

ce travail (85 isolats actifs), nous permettent de

conclure que 31% des isolats étudiés présentent

une activité antibactérienne vis-à-vis des souches

cibles testées. Ces substances bioactives, issues





des bactéries extrêmophiles, telles celles étudiées,

pourraient constituer un champ scientifique et une

voie biotechnologique à étudier et à valoriser

pour lutter, entre autres, contre les infections

nosocomiales qui ont un impact négatif non

négligeable sur la santé publique.

Mots Clés : microorganismes extrêmophiles,

microorganismes halophiles, environnements

hypersalins, activité antibactérienne, infections

nosocomiales

PV-12 : A Risk Assessment of Enterobacter

sakazakii in Infantile Formula Powder

Consumed in Algeria

Abdelwahed S.1, Bouamra M.2, Ziane M.2,3*

1. Faculté des SNV/STU, Université de Tlemcen,

Tlemcen, Algeria

2. Centre Universitaire de Ain Témouchent, Ain

Temouchent, Algeria

3. Laboratoire de Microbiologie Appliquée à

l'Agroalimentaire, au Biomédical et à

l'Environnement, Faculté des SNV/STU,

Université de Tlemcen, Algeria


Abstract

The E. sakazakii is the most pathogenic bacteria

assigned with outbreak food poisoning, in the

infantile formula powder (IFP). In Algeria, this

concern is not researched, in this kind of infantile

food. Thus, the microbiological risk assessment

of E. sakazakii was estimated on IFP consumed in

Maghnia city (Ouest of Algeria).

This work aims to (i) research this bacteria in

IFP, (ii) to determine it prevalence and

concentration at time of consumption and (iii)

evaluate the number of baby could consumed this

concern must be absent in food.

To achieve these objective, the probabilistic

approach was used that based on Monte Carlo

simulation. In the first, the data on consumption

and preparation mode of infant milk (based on

IFP) were collected from Maghnia city. In the

second step, the information’s on growth and

inactivation parameters’ of E. sakazakii were

collected from literature. Then, the consumption

chain was divided on four modules : initial

contamination (H0), Mixing (M), inactivation (D)

and growth (G).

The E. sakazakii was found on IFP with a

prevalence of 3% and 0.023 bacteria per gram.

The Monte Carlo simulation, of all modules,

using @risk software showed that 0,5% of baby

could be consumed the milk contaminated by this

concern.

Furthermore, the extemporaneously preparation is

more recommended for protect the baby health.

Keywords : risk assessment, probabilistic

approach, powder infantile milk, E. sakazakii

PV-14 : Green Synthesis and Characterization

of Silver Nanoparticles Using Red Apple

(Malus domestica) Fruit Extract at Room

Temperature

Umoren S.A.*, Obot I.B., Gasem Z.M.

Centre of Research Excellence in Corrosion,

Research Institute, King Fahd University of

Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi

Arabia


Abstract

The present work reports on simple and effective

eco-friendly approach for the synthesis of silver

nano-particles (AgNPs) from silver nitrate using

Malus domestica (red apple) fruit. The fruit

extract act as both reducing and capping agents.

The synthesized AgNPs were characterized using

various instrumental techniques, including

ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis),

Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy

(FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning

electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive

spectroscopy (EDS) and dynamic light scattering

(DLS). Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) for

AgNPs was observed at 422 nm.

The synthesized AgNPs were found to be flower-

like in shape, with average diameter of 145 nm.

The zeta potential of AgNPs was found to be -

65.0 mV. This large negative zeta potential value

indicates repulsion among AgNPs and their

dispersion stability.






Keywords : red apple, silver nanoparticles,

biosynthesis, zeta potential, characterization,

green Chemistry

PV-16 : Competitive Electrochemical Immuno

Sensor for Hepatitis A Detection Based on

Horseradish Peroxidase as A Signal

Amplification Label

Mandli J.1,a, Attar A.1,2,b, Ennaji M.M.2,c,

Amine A.1,d

1. Laboratoire Génie des Procédés et

Environnement, Faculté de Sciences et

Techniques, Hassan II Universityof Casablanca,

Mohammedia, Morocco


Qualité/ETB, Faculté de Sciences et Techniques,

Hassan II University of Casablanca,

Mohammedia, Morocco

*E-mail : [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected].

Abstract

A novel sensitive immunosensor for hepatitis A

virus (HAV) detection has been proposed. The

immunosensor configuration involves an indirect

competitive immunoassay implying

immobilization by physical adsorption of HAV

on carbon nanopowder paste electrode (CNPE).

After reaction between the target analyte and anti-

HAV antibodies in solution, the remaining non-

conjugated antibody is attached on the HAV-

CNPE. The HAV monitoring was performed by

means of a secondary antibody labeled with

peroxidase (HRP-anti-IgG).

To quantify the amount of bound HAV-anti-

HAV-anti-HRP, hydroquinone (HQ) and

hydrogen peroxide were used. HRP catalyzes the

oxidation of HQ to benzoquinone, thus, the

oxidation product was subsequently determined

by chronoamperometry with an applied potential

of -0.3 V versus Ag/AgCl reference electrode.

The various factors influencing the response

characteristic of the immunosensor (BSA, anti-

HAV, HAV, IgG labeled HRP) were evaluated.

Under the optimized experimental conditions, the

resulting immunosensor could detect HAV with a

detection limit of 1.6 IU.mL-1.

The developed immunosensor may be

successfully used for the determination of HAV,

at various concentration levels owing to its

analytical characteristics. Indeed, this

immunoassay method showed a good selectivity,

high sensitivity and a good repeatability and

could be used for the detection of HAV with

consistent results in comparison with those

obtained by the indirect ELISA method.

Keywords : Hepatitis A virus, immunosensor,

indirect ELISA, carbon nanopowder paste

electrode

Acknowledgments : The authors gratefully

acknowledge the financial support from the

American Association for the Advancement of

Science (AAAS) and the European Commission

7th Framework Program Marie Curie Actions

People IRSES “Peptide Nanosensors” Grant

Agreement (N°294901) and NATO Science for

Peace project SFP984173.




The 3rd Edition of International Congress: Microbial Biotechnologies for Development 223


Index

A

Aadil ........................................ 101

Aarab ................................. VI, 165

Ababou .............................. 77, 146

Abbad ...................................... 152

Abbaf ......................................... 50

Abbes .................94, 128, 182, 205

Abdellaoui ............... 150, 180, 184

Abdelly .................................... 199

Abdelmoumen ........................... VI

Abdelwahd ................................ 74

Abdelwahed............................. 221

Abdi ......................................... 128

Abid ........................................... VI

Abidi ......................................... 88

Aboudkhil ................................... V

Aboufatima .............................. 100

Aboul-Hrouz ........................... 166

Aboulkacem ........................ 82, 99

Abouloiafa ............................... 180

Abouloifa ................................ 184

Abouraicha .............................. 176

Aboussaid .................................. VI

Aboussaleh .............................. 102

Abrini ...................................... 147

Achbani ............................... VI, 79

Achouak ............ V, 15, 16, 17, 121

Afilal ....................................... 207

Aghraz ....................................... 85

Aghrouch ................................. 150

Agnieszka ................................ 204

Agoussar .................................. 195

Aguelmous ...................... 105, 204

Aissaou ...................................... 88

Aissaoui ................... 182, 186, 220

Ait Assou ......................... 133, 189

Ait Ben Aoumar ........ 73, 163, 164

Ait Boulahsen .......................... 212

Ait Dra....................................... 85

Ait El Cadi ................................ 55

Ait El Mokhtar ................ 168, 207

Ait hammou ................................ V

Ait Hammou ....................... VII, 48

Ait Hamou ............................... 183

Ait Hamza ............................... 176

Aït Hamza ............................... 159

Ait M’hand ................................ VI

Ait Mouse .................... 84, 89, 183

Ait Sidi ...................................... 85

Aitlahyane ............................... 108

Aityacine ................................. 108

Ajaoud ....................................... 88

Akretche .................................. 143

Al feddy........................... 165, 166

Al Figuigui .............................. 177

Alami ................................. 76, 171

Alana ......................................... IX

Alaoui .................. 49, 85, 103, 187

Alayat ...................................... 198

Aleu ......................................... 161

Alfeddy .................................... 170

Ali 107, 159, 181

Allali ........................................ 219

Alloudane ............................ 87, 96

Amar .............. VI, 68, 99, 138, 185

Amara ...................................... 200

Amarouch .................................. VI

Amechrouq .............................. 155

Amenc ..................................... 169

Amghar ....... IV, V, VI, 57, 61, 149

Amine .. V, VI, 37, 50, 92, 95, 103,

195, 222

Amine Az .................................... V

Ammar ............................. 193, 213

Amouch ................................... 150

Amri ........................................... 70

AMRI ......................................... 71

Amzazi ................... VI, 74, 96, 103

Amzil ....................................... 124

Anaya ......................... 85, 168, 207

Andrivon ....................... V, 25, 231

Aouimeur ................................. 191

Aoum ....................................... 150

Aoussar ...................................... 63

Aqlil ......................................... 166

Arab ......................................... 132

Arahou ....................................... 80

arakate...................................... 117

Arakrak ...... 54, 143, 158, 165, 203

Arkam ........................................ 58

Arrab ........................................ 182

Asehraou ... VI, 158, 180, 181, 182,

184

Asri .................................... 65, 194

Assaidi ..................... 105, 113, 125

Assoumou ................ VI, 48, 49, 51

Atasever Arslan ......................... 57

Attaleb ....................................... 92

Attar ............................. 72, 92, 222

Aurag ......................................... 76

Ayadi ....................................... 203

Azariz ...................................... 178

Azaroual .................................... 77

Azedoug ..................................... VI

Azelmad ................................... 124

Azeroual ............................ 83, 140

Azim ........................................ 122

Azmani ................................ 76, 94

AZMI ......................................... 96

Azzouzi .................................... 106

B

Badou ......................................... VI

Badri ........................................ 109

Baghdad ................................... 156

Baha ........................................... 33

Bahafid .................... 111, 118, 194

Bahlaouan .................. 69, 134, 135

Bahlaoui ...................... V, 101, 201

Bahraoui ..................................... V

Bahri................................ 193, 213

Bakkali54, 143, 158, 165, 203, 212

Balouiri .......... 80, 86, 93, 153, 156

Bamouh ..................................... 59

Banani ................................. 86, 87

Barakate ... IV, V, VI, XVI, 76, 85,

94, 126, 188, 189

Bargaz ..................................... 169

Barguigua ..... 68, 75, 105, 113, 125

Barguiguaa ................................ 89

Barijal ........................................ VI

Barje ........................................ 110

Barka ................................. 95, 138

Barkai ................................ 80, 216

Barrijal ...........................87, 96, 94

Beaulieu ..................................... V

Bechchari ................................ 181

Bechtaoui ......... 121, 168, 187, 207

Beghalia .................................. 219

Bekada .................................... 186

Bekhti ...................................... 156

Bekkari .................................... 196

Belamine ...............................V, 14

Belarbi ............................... 95, 138

Belechheb ................................ 165

Belembaogo .............................. 48

Belfaiza ................................... 174

Belgharbi ................................. 186

Belgherras ....................... 128, 205

Belhaj ............................ VI, 68, 85

Belkadi ...................................... 62

Belkhodja ................. 155, 187, 205

Belkourati .................................. 61

Bellaouchi ........ 158, 180, 181, 184

Bellaouchou .................... 101, 129

Bellvert ...................................... 17

Belmelih .................................... VI

Belmimoun ............... 152, 155, 186

Belqat ...................................... 175

Ben Ammar ............................... 83

Ben Aziz.................................. 109

Ben Laouane .............. 85, 168, 207

Ben Yaou ................................ 190

Ben Yaou Akli ........................ 190

Benabdelkrim .................. 196, 212

Benaicha .............................. 87, 94

Benajah ..................................... 49

Benammar ......................... 95, 138

Benani ................................. 33, 34

Benazzouz ............................... 140

Benbouazza ............................... 79

Benboubker ............................. 144

Benbrahim ........ 151, 153, 167, 185

Benchakroun .............................. V

Bencharki ............... VI, XX, 79, 90

BenchekrounV, VI, 74, 91, 92, 146

Benchemsi ............................... 196


Benchrifa ................................... 38

Benfoddil ................................. 178

Benhassou ................................. VI

Benhessou ........................... 48, 96

BENHESSOU ........................... 96

Benidire .... 121, 131, 167, 172, 187

Benjelloun . 76, 113, 122, 144, 145,

171

Benjouad ................................... VI

Benkhadra ................................... 2

Benkhemmar ........................... 185

Benlemlih .. 49, 108, 112, 114, 121,

126

Benmaghnia..................... 127, 220

Benmalek ................................ 123

Benmechernene ....................... 140

Bennajah .................................. 107

Bennani ...... VI, 31, 49, 85, 86, 87,

122, 144, 145, 179

Bennouna ................ 215, 216, 217

Benomar .............................. 53, 88

Bensalah .................................... 98

BENSALAH ........................... 191

Bensefia ................................... 143

Bensolatane ............................. 214

Bensoltane ..........98, 138, 167, 202

Bentiss ..................................... 174

Bentyeb ................................... 193

Benzaid............................ 153, 206

Berge ................................... 15, 17

Berny ....................................... 179

Berrada .......... VI, 60, 96, 144, 145

Berraho ...................................... 76

Berrebaan ...........67, 115, 130, 131

Berrichi.................................... 138

Bertrand ............................... 44, 45

Bessi .. V, 67, 91, 92, 115, 130, 131

Biyada ..................... 112, 114, 121

Bkhache ........................... 196, 212

Boissinot .................................... 79

BOU M’HANDI ...................... 136

Bouafifssa .................................. 80

BOUALOUCH ........................ 136

Bouamra .................................. 221

Boubaker ................. 159, 164, 176

Boublenza ................................ 192

Bouchikhi ............................ 86, 87

Bouchrif ........................ VI, 75, 82

Boudallaa .................................. 77

Boudjelthia ................................ 98

Boughribil ... IV, V, VI, 63, 91, 92,

199

Bouhdid ..................................... 86

Bouhoudan ...................... 145, 208

Bouhraoua ............................... 199

Bouhta ..................................... 192

Bou-Idra .......................... 193, 213

Bouizgaren ................................ VI

Bouizgarne ..... 68, 73, 77, 162, 163

Boujida .................................... 147

Boukachabine .................... 77, 146

Boukeskasse ............................ 123

Boukesskass ..................... 175, 208

Boukhari .................. 186, 187, 205

Boukhennoufa .......................... 186

Boukhris .................................... 85

Boukili ....................................... 99

Boularbah ........................ 112, 131

Boulli ....................................... 181

Boumart ............................... 61, 63

Boumaza .................................. 149

Boumba................................ VI, 49

Boumchita ................................ 113

Boumediene .... 123, 143, 148, 152,

183

Boumezzough .......................... 110

Boumhemdi ............................... VI

Bounder ......................... 52, 53, 88

Boura ............................. 52, 53, 88

Bouslikhane ............................... 60

Boussaa .................................... 110

Boutafda .......... 106, 114, 132, 195

Boutaleb ..................... 69, 134, 135

Bouteau ....................................... V

Brahimi ............................ 169, 202

Brault ......................................... 79

Bressan ................................ 15, 17

Briggs ........................................ 56

Brlouatek ................................. 219

Bruna ......................................... 65

Buşra .......................................... 57

C

Carballo ................................... 143

Castillo ..................................... 161

Caviedes .................................... 64

Cédric ........................................ 42

Chabir ...................................... 182

Chadli .............................. 103, 150

Chahboune ................................. 87

Chait ........................................ 100

Chakir .............................. 166, 201

Chaoua ..................................... 110

Chaouch ............................... 66, 88

Chaoui ................................. 51, 89

Charafeddine .............. VI, 196, 212

Charfi ....................................... 147

Charles ..................................... 141

Charof ...................................... 179

Charrel ....................................... 88

Chebak ....................................... 90

Chebli ...................................... 122

Chee ........................................... 56

Cheggag ..................................... 60

Cheikh ..................................... 128

Cheloufi ................................... 198

Chenaoui .................................. 185

CHENAOUI ............................ 185

Cherif ................................... 50, 95

Cherigui ................................... 145

Cherkaoui ........................ 142, 170

Cherqaoui .......................... 83, 140

Cherrah ...................................... 55

Cherroud ................................. 158

Chhiba ....................................... 83

Chidi........................................ 145

Chigr ....................................... 139

Chihib ............... 158, 180, 181, 184

Chobert ...................................... 88

Chojnacka ............................... 204

Chraibi ..................... 151, 153, 185

Chrouqi ................................... 170

Chtaina ............................ 163, 210

Chtioui ...................................... 51

Cnockaert ................................ 138

Comte ........................................ 17

Cordonnier ................................ 60

Costa ......................................... 65

Courtois ................................... 176

D

DABONNE ............................... 55

Dahmane ................................... 55

Dalha ....................................... 150

Daouam ..........................58, 61, 63

Daoui ......................................... VI

Dekkaki ................................... 170

Dersi .......................................... 33

Didier ........................................ 25

Djazoulli .................................. 148

Djebar ...................................... 200

Djenane ................................... 190

Djeribi ............................. 153, 206

Douira ..................................... 171

Doukkali .... 64, 75, 80, 91, 93, 129,

146, 174, 212

Douma ..................................... 116

Drevo ...................................... 202

Drevon .................................... 169

Drif ............................. 62, 102, 103

Ducatez ...................................... V

DuponnoisV, 22, 23, 165, 175, 208

Dzimbova .................................. 91

E

Ed-dra ........................................ 82

Edgar ......................................... 56

El Aabedy........................ 147, 197

El Abbadi ................................ 140

El Abed ................................... 217

EL Abed .......................... 215, 216

EL Abidi.................................. 129

El Abkari ................................... 49

EL ALALOUI ......................... 136

El Alami ............................ 67, 130

El Alaoui ......................... 121, 176

El Aliani .................................... 92

El Allaoui .................................. 82

El Amerany .... XVIII, 85, 168, 207

El Antari .................................... 77

El Antri ...................... 69, 134, 135

El Atki ..................................... 150

El Azhari ................................... 54



El Azharid ................................. 89

El Bali ..................................... 178

El Baz ...................................... 118

El Boutachfaiti ........................ 176

El Faiz ............................. 114, 129

El Farricha ................. 86, 147, 197

El Fatemi ............................. 86, 87

El Fazazi .................................. 188

El Fels ..... 105, 106, 114, 129, 132,

195, 204

El Fizazi1 ................................ 184

El Galiou ................................. 143

El Ghachtouli .....65, 111, 118, 194

El Ghadraoui ................... 172, 177

El Gharmali ..................... 118, 120

El Ghazi ........................... 193, 213

El Glaoui ................................. 129

El Hadek .................................. 195

El Hafa ...................................... 85

El Hajaji .................................. 178

El Hajjouji ............................... 109

El Harrad ................................. 114

El harrak .................................. 103

El Harrak ............................. 61, 63

El Harym ................................. 175

El Hassouni ............. 133, 171, 189

EL Hassouni .............................. VI

El Hayany ................................ 129

El Idrissi .................................. 155

El kacem .................................... 88

El Kamari ................................ 150

El Karkouri .............. 133, 171, 189

EL KARKOURI ...................... 216

El Khadir ..................... 49, 76, 171

El Khalil .................................. 112

El Khalki ................................... 89

El Khalloufi ............................. 127

EL Khalloufi.............................. 78

El Louali .................................. 215

El Malki....................... 33, 94, 154

El Mezouari ............................. 129

El Modafar .............................. 176

El Mouftari ................................ 84

El Mountassir .......................... 122

El Mourabit ....................... 87, 150

El Mousadik ...... VI, 159, 164, 176

El Mrini ..................................... 60

El Mzibri ....................... 32, 51, 92

El Otmani .................................. 75

El Ouali ................................... 188

El Ouaqor ........................ 147, 197

El Ouaqoudi .................... 105, 111

El Rhazi ..................................... 49

El Yemlahi .............................. 203

Elabed........... 65, 80, 147, 197, 203

El-Ahmady .............................. 217

Elalami ...................................... 85

Elamrani .......................... 126, 189

Elantri .................................. 50, 95

Elaraki ..................................... 208

Elasri ....................................... 207

Elbachir ..................................... 81

El-Bana ...................................... 56

Elblidi ...................................... 178

Eleouet ........................................ V

Elfahime .................................... VI

Elfazazi .................... 139, 200, 209

ELFAZAZI .............................. 191

Elfeddy .................................... 170

Elharrak ......................... 58, 59, 62

Elharti ........................................ 57

Elhasnaoui ............................... 220

Elhassani .................................. 201

Elhidar ..................................... 152

Elhouadfi ................................... 60

Elhourri .................................... 155

Elidrissi .................................... 201

Elkacmi .................................... 107

Elkarrach .................................. 114

Elkhalfi ...................................... 70

Ellouali ............ 125, 139, 200, 209

ELLOUALI ............................. 191

Ellouali1 .......... 105, 113, 184, 200

Elmdaghri .......................... 75, 113

Elmessaoudi ............................... 51

Elmeziane .................................. VI

Elmtili ........................................ 87

Elmzibri ..................................... 51

El-Naggar ................................ 217

Elnedhir ........................... 128, 205

Elouahabi ................................. 101

Elygoubi .................................... 55

Embarki ..................................... 59

Ennaji .... IV, V, VI, I, 7, 33, 37, 48,

49, 58, 63, 64, 72, 74, 90, 92,

95, 96, 90, 91, 92, 96, 133, 218,

222

ENNAJI .................... I, 90, 96, 218

Ennoual ...................................... 66

Ennouali ..................................... 88

Enrique ...................................... 64

Errachidi .................................. 182

Erraghay .................................... 86

Erraji ........................................ 207

Essadik ........................... 52, 53, 88

Essamett ............................... 66, 88

Essarioui .......................... 164, 211

Es-Sette ...................................... 88

Es-Soufia ................................... 81

Etahiri ...................... 198, 199, 210

Ettadili ............................... 93, 167

Ettamimi .................................... 72

Ettayebi .................................... 196

Ezzakkioui ........................... 87, 96

Ezzariai .............................. 67, 195

Ezziyyani ................................. 161

F

Faghire ............................. 168, 207

Faize ........................................ 174

Fakhri ......................................... 91

Fakiri ......................................... 61

Fakri ........................................... 59

Farah ............................... 151, 153

Farricha ................................... 203

Fassi Fihri.......................... 62, 103

Fassi-Fihri ................................. 59

Fassih ...................................... 119

Fekhaoui .......................... 129, 178

Fekhawi ................................... 101

Fennane ........................... 172, 177

Ferdous .................................... 139

Ferehan .................................... 100

Ferji ......................................... 159

Fghire .............................. 168, 207

Fihri ......................................... 101

Fikri .................. 151, 153, 167, 185

Filali ..................... 82, 99, 196, 212

Fillali ......................................... 62

Fochesato .................................. 16

Foullous .................................... 33

Frantisek ..................................... V

G

Gaceb ...................................... 183

Gantzer .. VI, 17, 18, 40, 43, 44, 45,

46

Gasem ..................................... 221

Ghabbour.................. 158, 180, 184

Ghalem .................................... 219

Ghanam ................................... 108

Ghazal ....................................... 72

Ghomari .......................... 126, 158

Ghzal ......................................... 58

Gilabert ................................... 161

Gonçalves .................................. 65

Gonçalvesb ................................ 65

Gonzalez ................................. 161

Górecki .................................... 204

Gortázar..................................... 60

Gottfert ...................................... 21

Göttfert ...................... VI, 172, 187

Goumi ....................................... VI

Graff .......................................... 79

Graich ...................................... 150

Grib ......................................... 128

Guennouni ............................... 140

Guenoun .......................... 146, 212

Guesmi .................................... 174

Gür ............................................ 57

Guyonnet ................................... 16

H

Hachemi .......................... 128, 205

Haddia ..................................... 179

Haddioui .................................... 65

Haddiouia .................................. 65

Haddou ...................................... 92

Haertlé ....................................... 88

Hafed ....................................... 102

Hafid ......................................... VI

Hafida ...................................... 108


Hafidi ... VI, 67, 81, 105, 106, 109,

110, 111, 114, 123, 129, 132,

165, 175, 190, 195, 204, 208

Haichar .......................... 15, 16, 17

Hajii ......................................... 199

Hajjaj ....................................... 109

Hajjou ........................................ 61

Hakim .............................. 160, 184

Hakkou .................................... 181

Hakmaoui ............................ 50, 95

Hallouti.................................... 164

Halmschlager................... 163, 210

Hamadi ............................ 124, 184

Hamdache ................................ 161

Hamdali ............................. 81, 190

Hamdi .................61, 63, 67, 70, 71

Hamid ................................ 79, 181

Hamim ............................. 175, 208

Hammani ................................... 72

Hammoumi .......................... 33, 54

Hana ........................................ 200

Hanaouia ................................... 89

Hanine ............................. 108, 180

Harki ......................................... 86

Harkousse ................................ 170

Harmouch .................................. 49

Hasib ....................................... 181

Hasnaoui .......................... 117, 181

Hassaine ............................ 89, 209

Hassan ... 48, 59, 60, 61, 63, 64, 75,

78, 79, 83, 90, 92, 95, 96, 85,

86, 87, 90, 91, 92, 101, 105,

106, 109, 114, 115, 122, 123,

127, 133, 144, 149, 150, 159,

164, 166, 179, 184, 188, 191,

199, 200, 201, 204, 218

Hassani .. VI, 76, 94, 152, 212, 220

Hassimi...................................... 81

Hassouni .......................... 133, 189

I 216

Hatimi.............................. 162, 163

Hazzit ...................................... 148

Hellal ............................... 100, 107

Hervé ....................................... 141

HEULIN .......................... 15, 16, 17

Hilali ................ V, VI, 49, 90, 149

Hmaied ................... XV, 44, 70, 71

HMAIED ................................... 71

Houari........ VI, 123, 143, 148, 183

Hsaine...................... 198, 199, 210

I

Ibara .......................................... VI

Ibijbijan ..................................... VI

Ibn Souda ............... V, VI, 86, 147

Ibnsouda ...... 80, 93, 197, 203, 216,

217

IBNSOUDA ............................ 215

Ibrahimi ............................... 17, 49

Idrissi ..................40, 117, 155, 196

Imziln .... V, VI, 118, 119, 120, 121

Iraqi ....................................... 1, 74

Iraqui ......................................... VI

Islem .................................... 70, 71

Itto .......................................... XIII

J

Jaafari .......................... 84, 89, 183

Jaddi ........................................... 92

Jaklitsch ........................... 163, 210

Jamil .................................. VI, 114

Janati ........................................ 196

Jazouli ........................................ 58

Jebri ........................................... 70

JEBRI ........................................ 71

Jediyi ....................................... 119

Jiha............................................. 56

Jioui ......................................... 101

Jofre ................... VI, 19, 43, 44, 70

Jolicoeur .................................... VI

Jouimiyi ..................................... 52

Joutey ....................... 111, 118, 194

Jouti ........................................... 93

K

Kachkoul.................................. 117

Kadiri ......................................... 60

Kadmiri .............................. 77, 162

Kadri ........................................ 138

Kamdem .................................... 51

Kamil ....................................... 107

Karam ................................ 89, 191

KARAM .................................. 192

Karamoko .................................. VI

KARAMOKO ............................ 55

Karib .......................................... 83

Karim ........................... 86, 87, 174

Karina ........................................ 64

Karraouan ............................ 75, 82

Kasmi ............................ V, 90, 218

Kasrati ..................................... 152

Kbiacha ...................................... 81

Kelfat ....................................... 143

Kera ......................................... 179

Kerak .................................... V, 66

Kerbouche ................................ 148

Keridou ...................................... 91

Kettab ...................................... 148

Khaddor ........................... 145, 208

Khadra ............................... 67, 110

Khaldi ........................................ 49

Khataby....... V, 58, 90, 95, 96, 218

Khattabi ..................................... 48

Khayar ....................................... 55

Khiraoui ................................... 181

Khlifi ....................... 198, 199, 210

Kichou ............... VI, 10, 58, 60, 95

Kinkel .............................. 164, 211

Konuk .................................... 5, 57

Koraichi 80, 86, 93, 147, 197, 203,

215, 216, 217

Kouadri ..................................... 98

Koubali .................................... 215

KOUBALI ............................... 191

Kouchou .................................. 194

Koulali .................................... 106

Koussa ...................... 166, 170, 174

Krimi ....................................... 146

Kritihi ...................................... 117

Ksibi .......................................... 65

Ksibie ........................................ 65

Kuschk .................................... 190

Kzaiber .................................... 180

L

Laachir .................................... 174

Laasri ....................................V, 90

Laatiris ................................ 74, 96

Labhilili ..................................... VI

Lachkar ........................... 178, 216

Lafar ......................................V, 64

Laglaoui ...... 51, 54, 142, 143, 158,

165, 203, 212

Lahmer .................................... 128

Lahrichi .................... 113, 117, 122

Lahrouni .................................... 78

Lahsaini ........................... 105, 204

Laiche ...................................... 207

Lakchri .................................... 160

Lakhal ............................... 69, 135

Lakhili ..................................... 129

Lakhtar ............................ 159, 176

Lakkab .................................... 178

lamarti ..................................... 161

Lamarti .................................... 161

Lamrani ..................................... VI

Lamzira .................... 158, 180, 184

Larhsini ..................................... 85

Larini ......................................... VI

Latrach .................................... 180

Latrache.....VI, 105, 124, 125, 139,

160, 184, 188, 200, 209, 215,

191

Lazaar ........................................ 33

Lazali ...................................... 169

Lazar ......................................... 88

Lazraq ............................. 172, 177

Lebrazi ......... 53, 88, 153, 167, 185

Lekbach ........................... 215, 217

Lekchiri .............. 84, 139, 183, 209

Lekhlif ..................................... 108

Lemrani ..................................... 88

Lemrhari .................................. 155

Leouifoudi ................................. 84

Lkhider ................................. V, VI

Llorente ..................................... 64

Louahlia .................................. 172

Loudiki .................................... 116

Lounici .................................... 128

Loutfi . VI, 58, 61, 62, 95, 103, 218

Louzi ......................................... 85

Lucie ............................... 175, 208



Lyoussi .................................... 150

M

M’bare ..................................... 109

M’boyis ..................................... 51

Maachi ........................... 52, 53, 88

Mabika ...................................... 48

Mahmoud .................................. 49

Maizi ............................... 127, 182

Majumdar .................................. 56

Makroum ................................. 174

Mallouki .................................. 188

Maltouf ...................................... 62

Mambou .................................... 49

Mameri .................................... 128

Mandli ............................... 92, 222

Mansouri ................................. 109

Mardhy .................................... 179

Markouk .................................... 85

Maroui .............................. XIII, 68

Marques ..................................... 65

Marzouki ................................... 88

Massaoudi ............................... 171

MASSAOUDI ......................... 216

Mateille ........................... 159, 176

Mateos ....................................... 64

Mayad...................................... 122

Mayoussi ................................. 184

Mazouz ................................ VI, 79

Mbiguino .............................. V, 51

Mebrouk .................................. 141

Mechiah ................................... 209

Meddah.................... 152, 155, 205

Meddich .............85, 111, 168, 207

MEDJEBER ............................ 160

Meftah ....................................... 77

Meghaoui ................................ 143

Mejraoua ................................. 124

Meksem ................................... 200

Melhouf ..................................... 87

Meliani .............................. 98, 167

Mellouki .................................... 88

Melloul .................................... 103

Mendo ....................................... 65

Mendob ..................................... 65

Mengoni .................................... 83

Mennane ............................ 88, 179

Meribai .................... 138, 202, 214

Merlina ...................................... 67

Merzouki .. 108, 112, 114, 121, 126

Mesfioui ............................ 83, 140

Meskini...................................... VI

Messaadia ................................ 198

MESSAOUI ............................ 192

Mezrioui ......... IV, V, VI, 152, 220

Mhamdi ........................... XVII, 83

Miché ...................................... 159

Mika .......................................... 14

Milanov ..................................... 91

Mimouni .................................. 124

Misbah ......................... VI, 93, 167

Miyah ............................... 117, 182

Mliji . 105, 113, 125, 139, 200, 209

Moawad ................................... 217

Mohan ........................................ 56

Mokassa ..................................... VI

Mokhtari .......................... 163, 210

Monsion ..................................... 79

Montassir ........... 67, 115, 130, 131

Mouahid ..................................... 60

Moualif ...................................... VI

Moukale ................................... 150

Moukassa ................................... 49

Moukhli ................................... 159

Moumene ................................. 181

Moumni ................................... 171

Mourabit ................ 54, 87, 96, 150

Moursalou ................................ 190

Moussa ............................. 128, 156

Moussaoui ................................ 148

Moussemba .............................. 201

Mrabet ..................................... 175

Mtarfi ....................................... 117

Mzibri ................................... IV, V

N

Nabloussi ................................. 180

Nadifiyine ...................... 52, 53, 88

Nafis ............ 76, 94, 126, 188, 189

Nait .......................................... 109

Najdi ........................................ 140

Najimi ...................................... 139

Namane ............................ 100, 107

Naouli ........................................ 58

Naranjo ...................................... 64

Naylo ....................................... 112

Nayme ....................... 75, 105, 125

Ndjoyi-Mbiguino ................. 48, 51

Nejjari .............................. VI, 6, 49

Nhiri ......................................... 154

Niedermeyer .............................. 94

Nouria ........................................ 65

Nzenguet .................................. 201

Nzengui...................................... 51

O

Obot ......................................... 221

Olagata ....................................... 56

Omari ................................... 61, 63

Ouadghiri ........................... 99, 185

Ouahmane ........................ 165, 170

Ouaissa .................................... 117

Ouali Dinar .............................. 183

Ouatmane ................................. 181

Ouazzani .................................. 129

Oubaha ....................... 94, 187, 188

Ouchai ..................................... 148

Ouchari ................................ 68, 99

Oudghiri ............................... VI, 51

Oudina ..................................... 143

Oudra .................. VI, XVI, 78, 127

Ouedrhiri ................................... 86

Ouelhadj .................................. 190

Oufdou ...... IV, V, VI, 27, 78, 121,

167, 168, 172, 187, 207

OUFDOU ............................ 27, 28

Oufrid ........................................ 54

Ouhadouch ...................... 175, 208

Ouhamane ............................... 166

Ouhdouch VI, 68, 73, 81, 105, 114,

123, 132, 162, 190

Ouhesseine .............................. 183

Ouhmane ................................. 170

Ouhssine ........................ VI, 66, 88

Oukerrou ................ XVIII, 84, 183

Oulghazi .................................. 171

Oulkheir .................................. 150

Oumessaad ...................... 100, 107

Oumokhtar .............................. 122

Ounane .................................... 202

Oura .......................................... 58

Ourouadi ................................. 181

Ou-Yahia ................................. 151

Ouzaid ..................................... 150

Ouzid ....................................... 174

Ö

Özen .......................................... 57

P

Pajuelo ......................... VI, XII, 64

Paredes ...................................... 64

Parida ........................................ 59

Pencheva ................................... 91

Pereira ....................................... 65

Peter .................................. 91, 190

Petit ......................................... 176

Pilar Calo ................................ 140

Pinelli ................... 67, 81, 106, 109

Podlipnik ............................. 29, 31

Pothier ....................................... VI

R

Rafie .......................................... 61

Rafik...............................52, 53, 88

Rahouti ...................................... 80

Rais ..............................50, 95, 153

Raïs ................................. 172, 177

Ramdan ................................... 154

Requena................................... 161

Rhalabi ...................................... VI

Rhazi ..............................82, 85, 99

Ribiahi ..................................... 209

Richardson ................................ 59

Rifai ........................................ 174

Riffi ........................................... VI

Rihani ................................ VI, 129

Rizki ........................................ 180

Rodríguez .................................. 64

Rokni ................ 158, 180, 181, 184


Römbke ..................................... 65

Römbked ................................... 65

Romero ...................................... 60

Roncato ............................... 16, 17

Roque-afonso ............................ VI

Roudj ....................................... 191

ROUDJ .................................... 192

Roussos ........................... 159, 176

S

Saad ..................138, 147, 197, 203

Saadallah ........................... 67, 130

Saadoun ............169, 174, 178, 209

Saalaoui ................... 158, 180, 184

Sabir .......................................... 70

Sadik ......................................... 79

Sadiki ... 80, 86, 153, 156, 215, 216

Saeid ........................................ 204

Saghi ......................................... VI

Sahnouni ...........127, 186, 187, 205

SAIDI ...................................... 160

Saile ............................................ V

Saindou.................................... 120

Salek .......................................... 63

Samri ........ 126, 189, 198, 199, 210

Santos ........................................ 65

Sapundzhi .................................. 91

Saqrane .............................. 78, 127

Sarih ................................ 196, 212

Sayel ........................ 111, 118, 194

sbaibi ....................................... 102

Sbayou ............................... 57, 149

Schlegel ..................................... 56

Schwartz .................................. 112

Sebbar.................................. 60, 62

Sefiani ....................................... 99

Sehouli .................................. VI, 4

Sekkal ........................................ 94

Sellam...................................... 151

Sendid........................................ VI

Senhaji ..................................... 147

Sennouci .................................... VI

Senouci ..................... IV, V, 40, 72

Serghini ........................... 101, 178

Serrar ......................................... VI

Serray ........................................ 54

Sid ........................................... 209

Sijilmassi ................................... 77

Silva .......................................... 65

Silvestre ................................... 106

Skali ........................................ 147

Slimani .................................... 166

Smail ........ 157, 169, 174, 178, 209

SMAIL-SAADOUN ................ 160

Sobh .......................................... 54

Soltani ..................................... 199

Sonnet...................................... 152

Soraa ......................................... 54

Sossi ........................................ 126

Souabi...................................... 204

Soufiani ................................... 184

SOUFIANI .............................. 191

Souho ......................................... 86

Souiri ............................ V, 96, 218

Souiri1 ....................................... 74

Souissi ....................................... VI

Soukri ........................ 70, 141, 154

Sounni ...................................... 108

Sousa ......................................... 65

Sousac ........................................ 65

Soussi ....................................... 189

Spitaels .................................... 138

Stauffer ............................ 163, 210

Stefano ....................................... VI

Swings ....................................... VI

Szatmari ................................... 195

T

Tabrika ..................................... 122

Tadlaoui ................... 58, 59, 61, 63

Tahiri ............... 122, 123, 146, 212

Tahri .. 93, 101, 111, 118, 178, 194

Taiek .......................................... 69

Talbaoui ................................... 102

Talbi ......................................... 149

Taleb .......................................... 94

Talha ........................................ 149

Talibi ....................................... 176

Tankiouine ............... 139, 200, 209

Tantaoui ................................... 208

TANTAOUI............................... 92

Taouda ............................. 117, 182

Taourirte .................................... 85

Taoussi ................................. 79, 90

Tarek ............................. V, 41, 133

Taroq ....................................... 150

Tavares ...................................... 65

Tavoillot .................................. 159

Tay ............................................. 56

Tazart ....................................... 116

Tazi .................. 146, 159, 176, 212

Tchangbedji ............................. 190

Tebaa ....................................... 116

Temsamani ................................ VI

Terrak ...................................... 183

Thami ................................. 76, 171

Tholozan .................................... VI

Tiatou ......................................... 87

Tilaoui ......................... 84, 89, 183

Timinouni .... V, VI, 54, 68, 75, 89,

105, 113, 125, 209

Tinak .................................... VI, 74

Tinak Ekom ...................... XVI, 74

Tir 152

Tirry ......................................... 194

Titouche ................................... 157

Tmimi .............................. 196, 212

Toonori ...................................... VI

Tou........................................... 152

Touijer ..................................... 196

Touil ................................ 103, 152

Touimi .............................. 122, 144

Trabelsi ..................................... 83

Tuppurainen .............................. 61

U

Udupa ...........................74, 76, 171

Umoren ................................... 221

V

Vázquez..................................... 64

Volgmayr ........................ 163, 210

W

Wahbi ......................... 85, 168, 207

Wahby ....................................... 77

Weis .......................................... VI

Weiss ......................................... 56

Y

Yaakoubi ................................... 77

Yacoubi ...................................... V

Yacouti ...................................... 92

Yahya ..................... 44, 70, 71, 158

YAHYA .................................... 71

Yahyaoui ................................. 178

Z

Zaafrani ................................... 122

Zadi ................................... 89, 191

ZADI ....................................... 192

Zahid ......................................... 93

Zahidi ...................................... 164

Zahir 105, 125, 139, 160, 184, 188,

200, 209, 215

ZAHIR .................................... 191

Zahouily ................... 101, 166, 201

ZAHOUILY ............................ 201

Zaki ......................................... 181

Zammouchi ............................. 143

Zanane ............................. 188, 200

Zantar .............................. 143, 212

Zareb ............................... 169, 178

Zeghari .................................... 102

Zegzouti .................................. 195

Zemzami ............................. 74, 96

Zendour ................................... 220

Zeouk ...................................... 156

Zerifi ............................... 126, 189

Zerouali ..................................... 75

Zerrouki................................... 209

Zerrouq ............................ 113, 117

Ziane ....................................... 221

Ziegler ....................................... 79

Zine ......................................... 174

ZINE ....................................... 124

Zinedine ... VI, 80, 90, 93, 180, 184

Zkhiri ........................................ VI

Zoa ........................................... VII



Zorkani ...................................... 39

Zouari ........................................ 87

Zoubeirou .................................. 81

Zouhair ............................ 172, 177

Zouhdi ....................................... 90

Zro ........................... VI, 60, 62, 64

Zyad ...... V, VI, 11, 12, 84, 89, 183

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