The 2nd Asian Automobile Institutes and November Summit/H25/5. EV MOLINA.pdf · The 2nd Asian...
Transcript of The 2nd Asian Automobile Institutes and November Summit/H25/5. EV MOLINA.pdf · The 2nd Asian...
![Page 1: The 2nd Asian Automobile Institutes and November Summit/H25/5. EV MOLINA.pdf · The 2nd Asian Automobile Institutes Summit and ICEV 2013 Bali,25‐26 November 2013 Modelling and Analysis](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022041206/5d5d824c88c993d01f8b796e/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
The 2nd Asian Automobile Institutes Summit and ICEV 2013and ICEV 2013
Bali,25‐26 November 2013
Modelling and Analysis of Electric Vehicle DC Fast Charging Infrastructure g g
A P di1 N dhil h Sh i N H Tri Hardimas ar2 M Firmans ah Arrester Ch SRAgus Purwadi1, Nadhilah Shani, Nana HeryanaMOLINA Team Member
School of Electrical Engineering and Informatics Institut Teknologi BandungBandung 40132 Indonesia
Tri Hardimasyar2, M. Firmansyah, Arrester Ch SR Centre of Research and Development
PT. PLN (Persero)Jakarta 12760, Indonesia
LPKEE-ITBITB & PLN 1
![Page 2: The 2nd Asian Automobile Institutes and November Summit/H25/5. EV MOLINA.pdf · The 2nd Asian Automobile Institutes Summit and ICEV 2013 Bali,25‐26 November 2013 Modelling and Analysis](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022041206/5d5d824c88c993d01f8b796e/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
AbstractAbstract
In this presentation, DC fast charging infrastructure model usingPSIM is proposed. DC Fast charging infrastructure is modelled as abidi ti l th h PWM tifi ith t t t tbidirectional three‐phase PWM rectifier with constant outputvoltage control and unity power factor input current control. Thespecification of the DC fast charging infrastructure is a constantp g gvoltage charging mode with capacity of 50 kW. Using a proposedmodel,a simulation on various levels of State Of Charge (SOC)which are simplified to the battery voltage droplevels was alsowhich are simplified to the battery voltage droplevels was alsoperformed. Lithium ion batteries was used and modelled byThevenin equivalent battery model. Analysis of the DC fast chargingimpacts to the grid seen from the input current Total HarmonicsDistortion (THD) were conducted.
LPKEE-ITBITB & PLN 2
![Page 3: The 2nd Asian Automobile Institutes and November Summit/H25/5. EV MOLINA.pdf · The 2nd Asian Automobile Institutes Summit and ICEV 2013 Bali,25‐26 November 2013 Modelling and Analysis](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022041206/5d5d824c88c993d01f8b796e/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
OutlineOutline
I • INTRODUCTION
II • DC FAST CHARGER MODELING USING PSIM 9.0
III • SIMULATION
• SIMULATION ANALYSIS
• CONCLUSION
LPKEE-ITBITB & PLN 3
![Page 4: The 2nd Asian Automobile Institutes and November Summit/H25/5. EV MOLINA.pdf · The 2nd Asian Automobile Institutes Summit and ICEV 2013 Bali,25‐26 November 2013 Modelling and Analysis](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022041206/5d5d824c88c993d01f8b796e/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION
1 • Fossil energy limit and environmental issues
l b h l l2
• Internal Combustion Engine Vehicle transition to Electric Vehicle
• Better performance of Electric Vehicle as battery technology3
• Better performance of Electric Vehicle as battery technology and charging infrastructure developed
R id d l t f f t h i i f t t f EV4 • Rapid development of fast charging infrastructure for EV
• Research of fast charging infrastructure is needed before it is 5 implemented in Indonesia
LPKEE-ITBITB & PLN 4
![Page 5: The 2nd Asian Automobile Institutes and November Summit/H25/5. EV MOLINA.pdf · The 2nd Asian Automobile Institutes Summit and ICEV 2013 Bali,25‐26 November 2013 Modelling and Analysis](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022041206/5d5d824c88c993d01f8b796e/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Charging System Covered on IEC StandardCharging System Covered on IEC Standard
LPKEE-ITBITB & PLN 5
![Page 6: The 2nd Asian Automobile Institutes and November Summit/H25/5. EV MOLINA.pdf · The 2nd Asian Automobile Institutes Summit and ICEV 2013 Bali,25‐26 November 2013 Modelling and Analysis](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022041206/5d5d824c88c993d01f8b796e/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
DC FAST CHARGER MODELING USING PSIMDC FAST CHARGER MODELING USING PSIM
Fast charging mode that used is constant voltage and Constant Current mode
Fast charger that modeled have unity power factor input
Fast charger that modeled is bidirectional charger
Maximum Output Power of DC fast charger is 50 kW
Charging voltage of DC fast charger is 600 V DC
LPKEE-ITBITB & PLN 6
![Page 7: The 2nd Asian Automobile Institutes and November Summit/H25/5. EV MOLINA.pdf · The 2nd Asian Automobile Institutes Summit and ICEV 2013 Bali,25‐26 November 2013 Modelling and Analysis](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022041206/5d5d824c88c993d01f8b796e/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Electric Car DC fast charger modelElectric Car DC fast charger model
LPKEE-ITBITB & PLN 7
![Page 8: The 2nd Asian Automobile Institutes and November Summit/H25/5. EV MOLINA.pdf · The 2nd Asian Automobile Institutes Summit and ICEV 2013 Bali,25‐26 November 2013 Modelling and Analysis](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022041206/5d5d824c88c993d01f8b796e/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
BUCK – BOOST CONVERTERBUCK – BOOST CONVERTER
Buck-Boost Converter• Maintained Constant currentMaintained Constant current• Bidirectional mode with separate
buck or boost mode
LPKEE-ITBITB & PLN 8
![Page 9: The 2nd Asian Automobile Institutes and November Summit/H25/5. EV MOLINA.pdf · The 2nd Asian Automobile Institutes Summit and ICEV 2013 Bali,25‐26 November 2013 Modelling and Analysis](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022041206/5d5d824c88c993d01f8b796e/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Three phase bidirectional PWM rectifier scheme
LPKEE-ITBITB & PLN 9
![Page 10: The 2nd Asian Automobile Institutes and November Summit/H25/5. EV MOLINA.pdf · The 2nd Asian Automobile Institutes Summit and ICEV 2013 Bali,25‐26 November 2013 Modelling and Analysis](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022041206/5d5d824c88c993d01f8b796e/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Battery model approach 600 V for 150 cells arranged series
LPKEE-ITBITB & PLN 10
![Page 11: The 2nd Asian Automobile Institutes and November Summit/H25/5. EV MOLINA.pdf · The 2nd Asian Automobile Institutes Summit and ICEV 2013 Bali,25‐26 November 2013 Modelling and Analysis](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022041206/5d5d824c88c993d01f8b796e/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Angle Control Using PLLAngle Control Using PLL
LPKEE-ITBITB & PLN
![Page 12: The 2nd Asian Automobile Institutes and November Summit/H25/5. EV MOLINA.pdf · The 2nd Asian Automobile Institutes Summit and ICEV 2013 Bali,25‐26 November 2013 Modelling and Analysis](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022041206/5d5d824c88c993d01f8b796e/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Current ControlCurrent Control
Feed‐forward current control scheme
Id* current reference is output from voltage controlIq* current reference is zero
LPKEE-ITBITB & PLN
![Page 13: The 2nd Asian Automobile Institutes and November Summit/H25/5. EV MOLINA.pdf · The 2nd Asian Automobile Institutes Summit and ICEV 2013 Bali,25‐26 November 2013 Modelling and Analysis](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022041206/5d5d824c88c993d01f8b796e/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Current ControlCurrent Control
Feed-forward current control is used in order to compensate inductance coupling in rectifying current using synchronous reference frame.
LPKEE-ITBITB & PLN
![Page 14: The 2nd Asian Automobile Institutes and November Summit/H25/5. EV MOLINA.pdf · The 2nd Asian Automobile Institutes Summit and ICEV 2013 Bali,25‐26 November 2013 Modelling and Analysis](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022041206/5d5d824c88c993d01f8b796e/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
DC Voltage ControlDC Voltage Control
‐ PI control is used for controling DC voltageO f l l ill b d id f‐ Output from voltage control will be used as id current reference
LPKEE-ITBITB & PLN
![Page 15: The 2nd Asian Automobile Institutes and November Summit/H25/5. EV MOLINA.pdf · The 2nd Asian Automobile Institutes Summit and ICEV 2013 Bali,25‐26 November 2013 Modelling and Analysis](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022041206/5d5d824c88c993d01f8b796e/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
THE CIRCUIT SIMULATION PARAMETERS FOR DC FASTCHARGING INFRASTRUCTURE MODEL
Circuit Parameter ValueFast charging model capacity 50 kW
Charging voltage level 600 V dcSource Voltage (V line-to-line) 50 Hz 380 V
R i t R 0 12Resistance R 0.12Filter L 5 mH
Switching frequency 5 kHzDC Link 330 uF
Control SystemControl SystemPLLKf Gain Constant 0.0707 rad/ V.sPLL τfTime Constant 0.0628 s
Current Control Ki Gain Constant 2 A/VCurrent Control Ki Time Constant 10 msVoltage Control Ku Gain Constant 0.165 V/AVoltage Control τuTime Constant 5 ms
Battery ModelOhmic Resistance, R 1.8 Ω
Polarization Resistance, R1 1.59 mΩEquivalent Capacitance, C1 8.42 FPolarization Resistance, R2 1.2 mΩEquivalent Capacitance, C2 0.83 uF
LPKEE-ITBITB & PLN 15
![Page 16: The 2nd Asian Automobile Institutes and November Summit/H25/5. EV MOLINA.pdf · The 2nd Asian Automobile Institutes Summit and ICEV 2013 Bali,25‐26 November 2013 Modelling and Analysis](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022041206/5d5d824c88c993d01f8b796e/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Simulation CircuitSimulation Circuit
LPKEE-ITBITB & PLN 16
![Page 17: The 2nd Asian Automobile Institutes and November Summit/H25/5. EV MOLINA.pdf · The 2nd Asian Automobile Institutes Summit and ICEV 2013 Bali,25‐26 November 2013 Modelling and Analysis](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022041206/5d5d824c88c993d01f8b796e/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
PLL Simulation ResultPLL Simulation Result
Angle reference(θVoltage reference
There are 5 cycle in 0.1 s in angle reference, which is same with voltage reference
LPKEE-ITBITB & PLN
![Page 18: The 2nd Asian Automobile Institutes and November Summit/H25/5. EV MOLINA.pdf · The 2nd Asian Automobile Institutes Summit and ICEV 2013 Bali,25‐26 November 2013 Modelling and Analysis](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022041206/5d5d824c88c993d01f8b796e/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Simulation results of id and iq input current qcontrol response
• Rectifier mode
I t d
LPKEE-ITBITB & PLN
• Inverter mode
18
![Page 19: The 2nd Asian Automobile Institutes and November Summit/H25/5. EV MOLINA.pdf · The 2nd Asian Automobile Institutes Summit and ICEV 2013 Bali,25‐26 November 2013 Modelling and Analysis](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022041206/5d5d824c88c993d01f8b796e/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Simulation results at 77% nominal voltage (462 V)Simulation results at 77% nominal voltage (462 V)
200
Ia Van
100
Ia
0
-200
60
80
600
Idc Vdc
40
200
400
0
20
0.51 0.52 0.53 0.54 0.55Time (s)
0
100 200 300 400 500Frequency (Hz)
Input Voltage and Current (top),Output Voltage and Current (bottom) Harmonic Spectrum of Input Current
LPKEE-ITBITB & PLN 19
Output Voltage and Current (bottom) Harmonic Spectrum of Input Current
![Page 20: The 2nd Asian Automobile Institutes and November Summit/H25/5. EV MOLINA.pdf · The 2nd Asian Automobile Institutes Summit and ICEV 2013 Bali,25‐26 November 2013 Modelling and Analysis](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022041206/5d5d824c88c993d01f8b796e/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Simulation results at 80% nominal voltage (480 V)Simulation results at 80% nominal voltage (480 V)
200
Ia Van
100
Ia
0
-200
60
80
400
600
Idc Vdc
40
0
200
0
20
Input Voltage and Current (top),Output Voltage and Current (bottom) Harmonic Spectrum of Input Current
0.5 0.52 0.54Time (s)
0 100 200 300 400Frequency (Hz)
LPKEE-ITBITB & PLN 20
Output Voltage and Current (bottom) Harmonic Spectrum of Input Current
![Page 21: The 2nd Asian Automobile Institutes and November Summit/H25/5. EV MOLINA.pdf · The 2nd Asian Automobile Institutes Summit and ICEV 2013 Bali,25‐26 November 2013 Modelling and Analysis](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022041206/5d5d824c88c993d01f8b796e/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Simulation results at 85% nominal voltage (510 V)Simulation results at 85% nominal voltage (510 V)
200
Ia Van Ia
0
-200
60
600
Idc Vdc
40
0
200
400 20
Input Voltage and Current (top),Output Voltage and Current (bottom) Harmonic Spectrum of Input Current
0.5 0.52 0.54Time (s)
0
100 200 300 400Frequency (Hz)
0
LPKEE-ITBITB & PLN 21
Output Voltage and Current (bottom) Harmonic Spectrum of Input Current
![Page 22: The 2nd Asian Automobile Institutes and November Summit/H25/5. EV MOLINA.pdf · The 2nd Asian Automobile Institutes Summit and ICEV 2013 Bali,25‐26 November 2013 Modelling and Analysis](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022041206/5d5d824c88c993d01f8b796e/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Simulation results at 90% nominal voltage (540V)Simulation results at 90% nominal voltage (540V)
200
Ia Van Ia
0
-200
40
600
Idc Vdc
20
0
200
400
Input Voltage and Current (top),Output Voltage and Current (bottom) Harmonic Spectrum of Input Current
0.51 0.52 0.53 0.54 0.55 0.56Time (s)
0
100 200 300 400 500Frequency (Hz)
0
LPKEE-ITBITB & PLN 22
Output Voltage and Current (bottom) Harmonic Spectrum of Input Current
![Page 23: The 2nd Asian Automobile Institutes and November Summit/H25/5. EV MOLINA.pdf · The 2nd Asian Automobile Institutes Summit and ICEV 2013 Bali,25‐26 November 2013 Modelling and Analysis](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022041206/5d5d824c88c993d01f8b796e/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
AC POWER INPUT AND DC POWER OUTPUT ONDIFFERENT BATTEREY VOLTAGE LEVEL
Battery Voltage Level (% V
VLL(V)
IL(A)
Vdc(V)
Idc(A)
Pac(W)
Pdc(W)
nominal battery)
462 V (77%) 380 72.7 599 76.5 47862 45923
480 V (80%) 380 63.0 596 63.0 41498 37622
510 V (85%) 380 53.4 597 48.5 35159 29017
540 V (90%) 380 31.6 599 31.6 20844 18976
LPKEE-ITBITB & PLN 23
![Page 24: The 2nd Asian Automobile Institutes and November Summit/H25/5. EV MOLINA.pdf · The 2nd Asian Automobile Institutes Summit and ICEV 2013 Bali,25‐26 November 2013 Modelling and Analysis](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022041206/5d5d824c88c993d01f8b796e/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
THD FOR VARIOUS KIND OF BATTERY VOLTAGE LEVELTHD FOR VARIOUS KIND OF BATTERY VOLTAGE LEVEL
Battery Voltage Level IL (A) THD (%)y g L ( ) ( )462 V(77% V nominal battery) 72.72 2.36480 V480 V(80% V nominal battery) 63.05 2.65510 V(80% V nominal battery) 53 42 2 67(80% V nominal battery) 53.42 2.67540 V(90% V nominal battery) 31.67 3.18
LPKEE-ITBITB & PLN 24
![Page 25: The 2nd Asian Automobile Institutes and November Summit/H25/5. EV MOLINA.pdf · The 2nd Asian Automobile Institutes Summit and ICEV 2013 Bali,25‐26 November 2013 Modelling and Analysis](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022041206/5d5d824c88c993d01f8b796e/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
RECTIFIER MODE ON CC
77% from nominal Battery Voltage (462V)
RECTIFIER MODE ON CC
77% from nominal Battery Voltage (462V)
LPKEE-ITBITB & PLN 25
![Page 26: The 2nd Asian Automobile Institutes and November Summit/H25/5. EV MOLINA.pdf · The 2nd Asian Automobile Institutes Summit and ICEV 2013 Bali,25‐26 November 2013 Modelling and Analysis](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022041206/5d5d824c88c993d01f8b796e/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
RECTIFIER MODE ON CC
77% from nominal Battery Voltage (462V)
RECTIFIER MODE ON CC
77% from nominal Battery Voltage (462V)
LPKEE-ITBITB & PLN 26
![Page 27: The 2nd Asian Automobile Institutes and November Summit/H25/5. EV MOLINA.pdf · The 2nd Asian Automobile Institutes Summit and ICEV 2013 Bali,25‐26 November 2013 Modelling and Analysis](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022041206/5d5d824c88c993d01f8b796e/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
RECTIFIER MODE ON CC
90% from nominal Battery Voltage (540V)
RECTIFIER MODE ON CC
90% from nominal Battery Voltage (540V)
LPKEE-ITBITB & PLN 27
![Page 28: The 2nd Asian Automobile Institutes and November Summit/H25/5. EV MOLINA.pdf · The 2nd Asian Automobile Institutes Summit and ICEV 2013 Bali,25‐26 November 2013 Modelling and Analysis](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022041206/5d5d824c88c993d01f8b796e/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
INVERTER MODE ON CC
77% from nominal Batterey Voltage (462V)
INVERTER MODE ON CC
77% from nominal Batterey Voltage (462V)
LPKEE-ITBITB & PLN 28
![Page 29: The 2nd Asian Automobile Institutes and November Summit/H25/5. EV MOLINA.pdf · The 2nd Asian Automobile Institutes Summit and ICEV 2013 Bali,25‐26 November 2013 Modelling and Analysis](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022041206/5d5d824c88c993d01f8b796e/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
INVERTER MODE ON CC
77% from nominal Batterey Voltage (462V)
INVERTER MODE ON CC
77% from nominal Batterey Voltage (462V)
LPKEE-ITBITB & PLN 29
![Page 30: The 2nd Asian Automobile Institutes and November Summit/H25/5. EV MOLINA.pdf · The 2nd Asian Automobile Institutes Summit and ICEV 2013 Bali,25‐26 November 2013 Modelling and Analysis](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022041206/5d5d824c88c993d01f8b796e/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
INVERTER MODE ON CC
90% from nominal Batterey Voltage (540V)
INVERTER MODE ON CC
90% from nominal Batterey Voltage (540V)
LPKEE-ITBITB & PLN 30
![Page 31: The 2nd Asian Automobile Institutes and November Summit/H25/5. EV MOLINA.pdf · The 2nd Asian Automobile Institutes Summit and ICEV 2013 Bali,25‐26 November 2013 Modelling and Analysis](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022041206/5d5d824c88c993d01f8b796e/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Input and Output Power with Different Batterey Voltage level ( Current Control Mode)
Battery Voltage level Vll (V) IL (A) Vdc (V) Vbat (V) I2 (A) Pac
(W)
Pout (W)
462 V(77% from V nominal ) 380 15.29 599.60 495.43 18.54 10063.56 9185.27
510 V510 V(85% from V nominal ) 380 16.76 599.56 543.10 18.36 11031.08 9971.32
540 V(90% fromV nominal ) 380 17.67 599.54 572.90 18.24 11630.03 10449.70
595 V(99.2% from V nominal) 380 2.65 599.93 597.79 1.55 1744.18 926.57
LPKEE-ITBITB & PLNSimulation Result Analysis
31
![Page 32: The 2nd Asian Automobile Institutes and November Summit/H25/5. EV MOLINA.pdf · The 2nd Asian Automobile Institutes Summit and ICEV 2013 Bali,25‐26 November 2013 Modelling and Analysis](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022041206/5d5d824c88c993d01f8b796e/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
CONCLUSIONCONCLUSION
• Modelling of fast charging infrastructure as bidirectional three‐phase PWM rectifier with dc output voltage control and current control input with simplified Lithium batteries models was successfully done using PSIM Simulation Softwaresuccessfully done using PSIM Simulation Software version 9.0.
• Analysis results shows that a proposed current andAnalysis results shows that a proposed current and voltage control method successfully maintained unity power factor and THD of input current below 5% on various Battery voltage levels.
LPKEE-ITBITB & PLN 32
![Page 33: The 2nd Asian Automobile Institutes and November Summit/H25/5. EV MOLINA.pdf · The 2nd Asian Automobile Institutes Summit and ICEV 2013 Bali,25‐26 November 2013 Modelling and Analysis](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022041206/5d5d824c88c993d01f8b796e/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
PILOT PLN EV NORMAL CHARGER IN NUSA DUA AREAPILOT PLN EV NORMAL CHARGER IN NUSA DUA AREA
LPKEE-ITBITB & PLN 33
![Page 34: The 2nd Asian Automobile Institutes and November Summit/H25/5. EV MOLINA.pdf · The 2nd Asian Automobile Institutes Summit and ICEV 2013 Bali,25‐26 November 2013 Modelling and Analysis](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022041206/5d5d824c88c993d01f8b796e/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
SAMPLE OF EV NORMAL CHARGERSAMPLE OF EV NORMAL CHARGER
LPKEE-ITBITB & PLN 34
![Page 35: The 2nd Asian Automobile Institutes and November Summit/H25/5. EV MOLINA.pdf · The 2nd Asian Automobile Institutes Summit and ICEV 2013 Bali,25‐26 November 2013 Modelling and Analysis](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022041206/5d5d824c88c993d01f8b796e/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
THD FOR VARIOUS KIND OF BATTERY SOCTHD FOR VARIOUS KIND OF BATTERY SOC
Tegangan yang terukur adalah Vl-l sebesar 390 V
Arus maksimum yang terukur pada hari tersebut sebesar 10 2 A
LPKEE-ITBITB & PLN 35
Arus maksimum yang terukur pada hari tersebut sebesar 10.2 A
![Page 36: The 2nd Asian Automobile Institutes and November Summit/H25/5. EV MOLINA.pdf · The 2nd Asian Automobile Institutes Summit and ICEV 2013 Bali,25‐26 November 2013 Modelling and Analysis](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022041206/5d5d824c88c993d01f8b796e/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Thank YouThank You
LPKEE-ITBITB & PLN 36