SUBTOPICNUMBER OF QUESTIONS

2411 2012 201 3 2014 2015 2016 2017

6.1 Electrolytes and Non-electrolytes 2 1 1 1

6.2 Electrolysis of Molten Compounds

6.3 Electrolysis of Aqueous Solutions 1 z 1 1

6.4 Electrolysis in Industries 1 1 1 1

6.5 Voltaic Cells z 1 1 z 2

6.6 The Electrochemical Series 1 1

PAPER 1

]l! Electrolytes and Non-Electrolytes

SPM 2012 Question 21 Which particles are produced when an electrolyte

dissolves in water?Zarah manakah yang terhasil apabila eleknolitmelarut dalam air?A Ions

IonB Atoms

AtomC Electrons

ElektronD Molecules

Molekul

SPM 2012 Question 422 lnwhich apparatus set-up does the bulb light up?

Dalam susunan radas manakah mentol itu akan

menyala?A B

BulbMentol

CarbonelectrodesElektrodknrbon

Propanoic acid solution Glacial ethanoic a

Ittrutan asid propanoik Asid etanoik glasial

CarbonelectrodesElektrodkarbon

Glucose solutionInrutan glukosa

SPM 2014 Question I3 Which of the following is conect about an

electrolyte?Antara yang berikut, yang manakah betul tentang

elehrolit?A Dissolves in water

Larut dalam airB Exists as liquid at room temperature

Wujud sebagai cecairConducts electricity in solid state

Mengkonduksi elektrik dalam keadaan

pepejalHas freely moving ions in aqueous state

Mempunyai ion-ion bergerak bebas dalam

keadaan akueus

BulbMentol

lr-r Bulb

@'/ Mentol

C

D

56

ANALYSIS OF THE 2011_ 2017 SPM PAPERS

Pure ethanolEtanol tulen

SPM 2015 Question 424 Diagram I I shows the conversation between two

students while carrying out an experiment.Rajah 17 menunjukkan perbualan antara duaorang murid s emas a menj al ankan s atu elcs pe ri me n.

Diagram llRajah ll

What can the students do to overcome the problem?Apakah yang boleh dilakukan oleh murid itu untukmengatas i masalah tersebut?A Replace carbon electrodes with copper

electrodesGantikan elektrod karbon dengan elektrodkuprum

B Pour ethanol into soap powderTuangkan etanol ke dalam serbuk sabun

C Pour water into soap powderTuangkan air ke dalam serbuk sabun

D Replace soap powder with detergent powderGantikan serbuk sabun dengan serbukdetergen

SPM 2017 Question 125 Which substances are classified correctly?

Bahan-bahan yang manakah dikelaskan denganbetul?

ElectrolyteElektrolit

Non-electrolyteBukan elektrolit

Glucose solutionLarutan glukosa

TetrachloromethaneTbtraklorometana

TetrachloromethaneTetraklorometana

Sodium hydroxidesolutionLarutan natriumhidroksida

BatteryBateri

BulbMentol

Maybe there is a problemwith the wire connection.Mungkin ada masalahpada sambungan wayqr

Why this bulb is notlight up?Kenapa mentol initidak menyala?

Carbon electrodes

nitrat

Magnesiumnitrate solutionLarutan magnesium

Glucose solutionLarutan glukosa

Sodium hydroxidesolutionLarutan natriumhidroksida

Magnesium nitratesolutionLarutan magnesiumnitrqt

@ Electrolysis of Aqueous SolutionsSPM 2011Question 96 Which of the following factor does not affect the

electrolysis of an aqueous solution?Antara faktor berikut, yang manakah tidakmempengaruhi elektrolisis larutan akueus?A Concentration of ions in the electrolytes

Kepekatan ion-ion dalam elektrolitB Types ofelectrodes used in the electrolysis

Jenis elektrod yang digunakan dalamelektrolisis

C Position of ions in the electrochemical seriesKedudukan ion-ion dalam siri elektrokimia

D Volume of electrolytes used in the electrolysislsi padu elehrolit yang digunakan dalamelektrolisis

SPM 2011 Question 237 Which substance conducts electric current in

aqueous state?Bahan manakah yang mengkonduksikan aruselektrik dalam keadaan akueus?A Silver chloride C Calcium sulphate

Argentum klorida Kalsium sulfatB Sodium chlorioe

Natrium klorida

SPM 2012 Question 23

D Barium sulphateBarium sulfat

8 A concentrated sodium chloride solution iselecholysed using carbon electrodes.Which are the half-equations that represent thereactions at the anode and the cathode?Larulan natrium klorida pekat dielektrolisis,me ng gunakan e lekno d karb on.Setengah persamaan manakah yang mewakilitindak balas di anod dan di katod?

AnodeAnod

CathodeKatod

2Cl - Clr+2s' Na*+e -Na2Cl - Clr+2s 2H* -t 2s- + 11.,

4OH- 'Or+2HrO+4e Na*+g-+5a4OH ' O, + 2HrO t- 4e 2H* t2e +Hz

C

D

A

B

C

D

A

a=EeE

SPM 2015 Question 249 Diagram 7 shows the apparatus set-up for two

simple cells.Rajah 7 menunjukkan susttnan radas bagi duu selringkas.

. \, _i_-_iril

^r-,-,^ I ,--nr-,.,D [/-r.tr\ -l

| tr/^'.|X::1.% r-H-r+ Y:;2':, Y:J\',oot[f: Y:;i:,-. 6"... Y

l,$ ,;,, IlE r I |r-!:,i.ff Alter z nours Y\ Selepos2jam I\/

0.5 mol dmrof copper(ll) sulphate solutionLarutan kuprum(Il) sulfat 0.5 mol dmi

Diagram 7

Rajah 7

Based on Diagram 7, which statement is correct?

Berdasarkan Rajah 7, penyatqan monakah yangbetul?A Metal P is a positive terminal

LogamP qdalah terminal positifB Electrons flow from metal P to metal Q

Elektron mengalir dari logamP ke logam QC P can displace Q from its salt solution

P boleh menyesarkan Q daripada larutangaramnya

D Position of metal P is higher than metal Q inelectrochemical series

Kedudukan logamP lebih tinggi berbandinglogam Q dalam siri elektrokimia

SPM 2015 Question 2710 During electrolysis of copper(Il) chloride

solution using carbon electrodes, the colour oftheelectrolyte turn from blue to light blue.

Which statement best explains the observation?

Semasa elehrolisis larutan kuprum(ll) klorida

dengan menggunakan elektrod karbon warna

elehrolit bertulear daripada biru menjadi biru muda.

Penyataan manakah yang paling baik untukmen er angkan p emerhat i an i tu?

A Copper is produced at cathode

Kuprum terhasil di katod

D

Concentration of copper(Il) ions decreases

Kepekatan ion kuprum(ll) berkuranganMore chloride ions are discharged at anode

Semakin banyak ion klorida dinyahcas di anodChlorine gas produced decolourises the colourof the electrolyteGas klorin yang terhasil melunturkan warnaelektrolit

SPM 2016 Question 441l Diagram 14 shows the apparatus set-up for the

electrolysis of 25.0 cm3 of 1.0 mol dmr copper(Il)sulphate solution using carbon electrodes.Rajah 14 menunjukkan susunan radas bagielektrolisis 25.0 cm3 larutan kuprum(ll) sulfatI .0 mol dm-3 dengan menggunakan elektrod karbon.

4.0 g carbon

electrode

4.0 g elektrod

karbon

4.5 g carbon electrode

4.5 gelektrod karbon

Copper(Il) sulphatesolutionLarut an kupram ( I I) su lfa t

Diagram 14

Rajah 14

After the reaction is completed, the blue copper(Il)sulphate solution turns colourless.What is the mass of the carbon cathode?

[Relative atomic mass: C : 12, O: 16, S : 32,

Cu:641Selepas tindak balas selesai, larutan birukuprum(Il) sulfat bertukar menjadi tanpa warna.Apakah jisim elektrod katod karbon?

lJisim atom relatif: C: 12, O = 16, S:32,Cu:641A l.6gB 4.09

C 5.6gD 6.1g

SPM 2017 Question 3512 Diagram l5 shows the apparatus set-up for

electrolysis of ammonia solution and sodiumhydroxide solution.Rajah 15 menunjukkan susunqn radas bagi proses

elektrolisis larutan ammonia dan lanttan natriumhidroksida.

Carbon electrodes

Elektrod karbon

0.5 mol dmr 0.5 mol dmrof sodiumof ammonia solution hydroxide solutionLarutan ammonia 0,5 mol dmi Larutan natrium hidrot<sida

0.5 mol dmJ

Diagram 15

Rajah 15

58

Which statement explains the difference in thebrightness ofthe bulb?Pernyataan manakah yang menerangkan tentangperbezaan kecerahan mentol tersebut?A The reacting particles in sodium hydroxide

solution gain more kinetic energyZarah-zarah yang bertindak balas dalamlarutan natrium hidroksida mendapat lebihtenaga kinetik

B The movement of ions in sodium hydroxidesolution is fasterPergerakan ion-ion dalam larutan nqtriumhidrol<sida adalah lebih pantas

C The number of free moving ions per unit volumeof sodium hydroxide solution is higherBilangan ion yang bergerak bebas per unit isipadu bagi larutan natrium hidroksida adalahlebih tinggi

D The total surface area of carbon electrode insodium hydroxide solution is biggerJumlqh luas permukaan bagi elektrod karbondalam larutan natrium hidrol<sida adalah lebihbesar

]!! Electrolysis in IndustriesSPM 2011 Question 3813 Diagram l0 shows the apparatus set-up to purif

silver.Rajah l0 menunjukkan susunan radas untukmenulenkan argentum.

Impure silverArgentumtak tulen

Pure silverArgentum tulen

Copper(Il)chloride solutionInrutan kuprum(ll)klorifui

Diagram l0Rajah l0

After one houq it is found that the silver is notpurified.What should be done to ensure purification takesplace?

Selepas satu jam, didapati argentum tidakditulenkan.Apakah yang perlu dilakukan untuk memastikanpenulenan berlaku?

A Use a bigger pure silverGunakan argentum tulen yang lebih besar

B Interchange the terminals in the cellSaling tukar terminal pada sel

C Increase the concentration of copper(Il)chloride solutionTambah kepekatan larutan kuprum(ll)klorida

D Use silver nitrate solution as the electrolyteMenggunakan larutan argentum nitratsebagai elektrolit

SPM 2012 Question 1514 Cryolite, NarAlFu is used in the extraction process

of aluminium in industry.What is the use of this substance?

Kriolit, NarAlFu digunakan dalam prosespengeks trakan aluminium dalam indus tri.Apakah kegunaan bahan ini?A Lower the melting points of aluminium oxide

Merendahkon takat lebur aluminium oksidaB Increase the rate ofreaction

Meningkatkan kadar tindak balasC Eliminate impurities

Menyingkirkan b endas ingD Hamper electrode from being oxidised

Menghalang elelarod daripada diol<sidakan

SPM 2013 Question 14

15 Which apparatus set-up is correct to purifu coppermetal?Susunan radas manakah yang betul untukmenulenkan logam kuprum?

Impure copperKuprwttaktukn

Coppe(II)nitrate solutionInrutmkuprum(ll) nitrat

Pure copper Impure copperKuprum tak tulen

Zinc nitratesolutionlnrutm zinknitrut

59

Kuprum tulen

Ci-E€E

C

ImpurecopperKuprumtak tulen

Pure copperKuprum tulen

Coppe(II)nitrate solutionlnrutankuprunt(Il) ninut

D

ImpurecopperKuprumtak tulen

Pure copperKuprum tulen

Zinc nitratesolutionlnruran zinknilrat

SPM 2016 Question 3216 Diagram l0 shows the apparatus set-up for

electroplating of iron plate with silver.Rajah l0 menunjukkan susunan radas bagipenyaduran plat ferum dengan argentum.

Diagram l0Raiah l0

What are P, Q and X?ApakahP,Q danX?

A

C

D

P a X

IronFerum

SilverArgentum

Silver nitrate

Argentum nitrat

IronFerum

SilverArgentum

Iron(II) nitrateFerum(ll) nitrat

SilverArgentum

IronFerum

Silver nitrateArgentum nitrat

SilverArgentum

IronFerum

Iron(ll) nitrateFerum(Il) nitrat

@ Ghemical CellSPM 2011 Question 10

17 Diagram 2 shows a voltaic cell.Rajah 2 menunjukkan suatu sel volta.

Zinc platePlot zink

Silver platePlat drgentum

Porous potPasu berliang

Zinc nitrate solutionbrutan zink nitrat

Silver nitrate solutionlarutan urgcntum nitrat

Diagram2Rajah2

The function of the porous pot is to allow the flow ofFungsi pasu berliang adalah untuk membenarksnpengaliranA ions C

ion-ionB atoms D

arcm-atom

SPM 2011 Question 3218 Diagram 8 shows a simple chemical cell built using

a lime. Two different metals are used as electrodes.

Rajah 8 menunjukkan sel kimia ringkas yang dibinamenggunakan buah limau. Dua logam berlainandi gunakan s e b agai e lektro d.

protonsproton-protonelectronselektron-elektron

Zinc follKepingan zink

LimeBuah limau

Diagram 8

Rajah 8

Which of the following metal can be used to replace

the iron nail to obtain the highest voltage reading?

Antara logam berikut, yang manakah boleh

menggantikan paku besi itu untuk mendapat bacaon

voltan yang paling tinggi?

Iron nailPaku besi

A TinStanum

B LeadPlumbum

C SilverArgentum

D CopperKuprum

60

B

-i t----J t------l |---------1 t---

SPM 2012 Question 4719 Table 3 shows information about three simnle

voltaic cells.Jadual 3 menunjukkan maklumat tentang tiga selvolta ringkas.

Pair ofmetals

Pasanganlogam

Potentialdifference (V)

Bezukeupayaan (Y)

PositiveterminalTbrminalpositif

WandXW danX 0.7 X

X andYXdonY 2.0 Y

W andZW danZ 1.6 Z

Table 3

Jadual 3

What is the potential difference of a voltaic cellwhich uses Y andZ as electrodes?

Berapakah beza keupayaan sel volta yangmenggunakanY dan Z sebagai eleknod?A O.4VB O.9V

c l.lvD I.3V

SPM 2013 Question 2220 Diagram 5 shows a simple voltaic cell.

Rajah 5 menunjukkan suatu sel volta ringkas.

Y

Copp€(II)sulphate slutionItrutan kuprum(ll\sulfat

Diagram 5

Rajah 5

Which pair of materials are suitable to be used as

electrodes X and Y?Pasangan bahan manakah yang sesuai digunakansebagai elektrod X dan Y?

x YMagnesiumMagnesium

CopperKuprum

MagnesiumMagnesium

CarbonKarbon

CarbonKarbon

CarbonKarbon

CopperKuprum

CopperKuprum

C

6l

SPM 2014 Question 262l Diagram 4 shows a simple voltaic cell.

Rajah 4 menunjukkan satu sel voltan ringkas.GalvanometerGalvanometer

Iron plate .Copper plate

PIat kuprum

Lemon'Limau

Platferum

Diaeram 4niiat' +

What does the needle of the galvanometer deflect?Mengapakah j arum galvanometer terpesong?A Lemon juice is an electrolye

Jus limau adalah elek*olitB Iron is less electropositive than copper

Ferum kurang eleHropositif daripada kuprum

C Copper react with lemon juiceKuprum bertindak balas dmgan jus limau

D Electron moves from copper plate to iron plate

Elektron bergerak dari plat kuprum ke platferum

SPM 2014 Question 5022 Diagram 10 shows a simple voltaic cell.

Rajah l0 menunjukkon satu sel volta ringkas.

MagnesiumMagnesium

CopperKuprum

Diagram 10

Rajah l0

Which half equation represents the reaction at thepositive terminal of the voltaic cell?Setengah persamaan manakah mewakili tindqkbalas di terminal positif sel voltan?

0.1 mol dmr hydrochloric acid

Asid hidroklonft 0.1 mol dm 3A

B

D

A 2C1 -Cl2+2eB Cul2'+ 2e - CuC 2H* + 2e ---+ H2

D Mg - Mgt'+ 2e

SPM 2015 Quesfion 323 Which chemical cell is not rechargeable?

Sel kimia manakah yang tiduk boleh dicas semulct?

A Mercury cellSel merkuri

B Lithium-ion cellSel ion litiumNickel-cadmium cellSel nikel-kadmiumNickel-metal hydride cellSel nikel logam hidrida

SPM 2015 Question 11

24 Which pair correctly shows the differencesbetween an electrolytic cell and a voltaic cell?Pasangan manakah yang betul menunjukkanperbezaaan antara sel elektrolisis dengan selvoltan?

Electrolytic cellSel elektrolisis

Voltaic cellSel voltun

Contains electroly.teMengandungielektrolit

Does not containelectrolyteTidak mengandungielektrolit

Electrons flow fromnegative terminal topositive terminalElektron mengalirdari terminal negatifke terminal positif

Electrons flow frompositive terminal tonegative terminalElektron mengalirdari terminal positifke terminal negatif

Two different tlpesof metals used as

electrodes

Duajenis logamberbeza digunakansebagai elektrod

The same typeof metals used as

electrodesLogam yang samajenis digunakansebagai elektrod

Converts electricalenergy to chemicalenergyMenukarkan tenagaelektrik kepadatenaga kimia

Converts chemicalenergy to electricalenergyMenukarkan tenagakimia kepada tenagaelektrik

C

A

B

C

D

62

@ The Electrochemical Series

SPM 2014 Question 2425 Diagram 3 shows four chemical cells.

Rajah 3 menunjukkan empat sel kimia.

Copperelectrode

Elektrodkuprum

Electrode QElektrod Q

ElectrolyteElektrolil

MagnesiumelectrodeElektrodmagnesium

ElectrolyteElektrolit

MagnesiumelectrodeElehrodmagnesium

Copperelectrode

Elektrodkuprum

ElectrolyteElektrolit

Cell IISel II

Cell IVSel IV

Diagram 3

Rajah 3

Electrode QElektrod Q

ElectrolyteElektrolit

11{

What is the arrangement of metal Q, copper,iron and magnesium in descending order of theelectrochemical series?

Apakah susunan logam Q, kuprum, ferum danmagnesium mengikut tertib menurun dalam sirielehrokimia?A Q, magnesium, iron, copper

Q, magnesium, ferum, kuprumB Magnesium, Q, iron, copper

Magnes ium, Q, ferum, kuprumC Magnesium, iron, Q, copper

Magnes ium, ferum, Q, kuprumD Magnesium, iron, copper, Q

Magnes ium, ferum, kuprum, Q

SPM 2016 Question 2926 Table 2 shows the observation for the reactions

between metal X with two different salt solutions.Jadual 2 menunjukkan pemerhatian bagi tindakbalas di ontara logam X dengan dua larutangaram yang berbeza.

Table 3Jadual 3

Which of the following is the correct descending

order of metal X, copper and zinc in the

electrochemical series?

Antara yang berikut, yang manakqh susunansecara menurun yang betul bagi logam X, kuprumdan zink dalam siri elektrokimia?A X, copper, zinc

X, kuprum dan zinkB X, zinc, copper

X, zink, kuprumC Zinc,copper,X

Zink, kuprum, XD Zinc,X, copper

Zink, X, kuprum

Salt solutionLarutan garam

ObservationPemerhatisn

Copper(Il) sulphateKuprum(Il) sulfat

Brown deposit is formedEnapan perang terbentuk

Zinc sulphateZink sulfat

No changeTiada perubahan

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