THE 13 ORIGINAL THE 13 ORIGINAL COLONIESCOLONIES

1607-17321607-1732

VIRGINIA(JAMESTOWN)—VIRGINIA(JAMESTOWN)—16071607

• Jamestown was the 1st permanent English colony in America.

• It was founded by Sir Walter Raleigh, an English explorer.

• The colony was named after King James and Queen Elizabeth(the Virgin Queen)

James FortJames Fort

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• Jamestown was founded because of the potential for economic success. The colonists came because of gold and adventure.

• John Smith became the leader of Jamestown and helped the colony to prosper.

John SmithJohn Smith

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• Most of the people in Jamestown were English along with indentured servants and slaves from Africa.

• The climate in Virginia was mild winters and hot, humid summers. The rain and fertile soil made the colony an excellent place to farm.

• The main crop was tobacco.

• The Church of England was the official religion in Virginia.

• The House of Burgesses was the first elected government body in America. It had 22 members.

Massachusetts(1620, 1630)Massachusetts(1620, 1630)

• Plymouth was founded by John Carver in 1620 for religious freedom.

• The Pilgrims arrived on the Mayflower at Plymouth Rock.

• Plymouth was made up mostly of English settlers and Native Americans.

• The Massachusetts Bay colony was founded in 1630 by the Puritans under the leadership of John Winthrop.

TheMayflowerTheMayflower

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• The climate in Massachusetts was bitter, cold winters and warm and humid in the summer.

• Massachusetts was a New England colony. The economy was based mainly on local trade, fur trading, timber for lumber, and small scale farming such as raising corn.

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• The religion in Massachusetts was based on the “purity and conscience of liberty of worship. There was no tolerance for religions other than the Christian religion.

• When the Pilgrims landed they drafted the Mayflower Compact to work for the good of the colony. There was no separation of church and state in Massachusetts. Only men who belonged to church could vote

New Hampshire(1622)New Hampshire(1622)

• The founders of New Hampshire were Ferdinando Gorges and John Mason.

• The colony was founded for profit from trade and fishing.

• The people were mostly Scottish-Irish immigrants.

New Hampshire, continued . . .New Hampshire, continued . . .

• The climate in New Hampshire was cool with a rocky climate.

• The economy was based mainly on farming.

• The religion was the Christian(Puritan) religion. Settlers were forced to be Puritan or be punished.

• The people governed their land by fixing problems that affected the whole colony.

New York(1624)New York(1624)

• The Colony of New York was founded by Dutch settlers.

• They set up trading post, and exploited the area’s rich natural resources.

• The colony was populated by native American tribes. Dutch settlers, English Puritans, indentured servants, and African slaves. Flag of New YorkFlag of New York

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• New York had hot, humid summers,and bitterly cold winters, with lots of wind and snow.

• The terrain further north were mountains, the soil was good for planting crops.

• The colonist made a living, fur trapping, lumber trading, shipping and slave trade.

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• Among the most popular crops were corn, flax, tobacco, wheat and vegetables

• Many faiths and Catholic colonies was situated with the puritans of New England.

• The colony was ran by a governor appointed by the King of England. Sometimes the colony was able to gain more freedom, and have some self- governing.

Maryland(1632)Maryland(1632)

• The founder of Maryland was Captain John Smith.

• Religious and political freedom.The colony wanted, Catholicism and religious persecution.

Flag of MarylandFlag of Maryland

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• Many of the colonist were Catholic, but many were persecuted.

• Maryland had hot, and humid summers, and cold winters with some snow.

Maryland, continued . . .Maryland, continued . . .

• The colonist supported themselves by farms which they grew flax (to make cloth) grains, such as ,corn, wheat, vegetables, tobacco, and fruit trees.

• Most of the colonist were catholic. The colonist had many religion and religious freedoms.

Connecticut(1635)Connecticut(1635)

• In 1614 a Dutch explorer named Adrian Block founded Connecticut. Many years afterwards a man named Thomas Hooker settled in Connecticut. Connecticut was founded because Puritans were not allowed to follow their puritan faith.

• The people of Connecticut were mainly made up of Native Americans, Europeans, and Dutch. Flag of ConnecticutFlag of Connecticut

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• Common food that was raised in the colony was corn, pumpkins, beans, squash, and apples. Many men hunted for game and the women weaved baskets.

• Since most of the colony was made up of Puritans the colonist followed the Puritan religion.

• Connecticut had the world’s first written constitution.This was called “The Fundamental Orders of Connecticut.

Thomas Hooker(Founder)Thomas Hooker(Founder)

Rhode Island(1636)Rhode Island(1636)

• Roger Williams, a preacher, founded the colony of Massachusetts.

• The reasons founded was that they came into conflict with the leaders of Massachusetts who were Puritans.

• A few aristocratic families who settled in Rhode Island owned large farms that were like southern plantations.

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• Early explorers noticed the areas as red clay soil,the name of the colony came from the Dutch name “Roodt Eyelandt”, meaning “Red Island”.

• Landowners of large farms were cattle and dairy farmers. Most colonists lived on farms that produced enough for their families, with little leftover trade.

• Common crops were corn, beans, squash, and tobacco.

• The economy also included shipbuilding and export of raw materials to England in exchange for manufactured goods.

Roger Williams landing in Rhode IslandRoger Williams landing in Rhode Island

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• Rhode Island was founded as a place for religious freedom and was populated by Quakers, Baptists, Anglicans, Puritans, and Congregationalists.

• Rhode Island was ruled by a Governor, a Deputy Governor, ten assistants to the Governor, and a General Assembly elected by the colonists in each of the towns.

Delaware(1638)Delaware(1638)

• Delaware was the 8th permanent colony in America.

• It was founded in 1638 by the Dutch settlers.

• Delaware’s governor is William Penn, even though they separated from Pennsylvania. The famous Delaware RiverThe famous Delaware River

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• Most of Delaware’s population is Dutch or Swedes.

• The majority of their religion is Roman Catholic or Jew.

• Their economy grew with farming and agriculture.

South Carolina(1663)South Carolina(1663)

• The colony was founded by 8 different lords.

• The eight lords were given land by king Charles as a gift to thank them for their support.

• When the white men came they brought over African Americans

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• The winters were shorter and milder than the English winters. The summers were nice, hot, and very humid which meant they had a long growing season for the garden.

• Settlers became sick with malaria from mosquitoes that bred there. The Native Americans taught the settlers how to make tea to cure malaria.

• The economy was mostly farming. They grew cotton, tobacco, indigo and rice.

South Carolina, continued . . .South Carolina, continued . . .

The religion of South Carolina was very unique for its religious liberty. A philosopher said that a person would not be judged by his or her religion.

• The colony was ruled by a system of laws written by John Locke at a request from the Lord Proprietors. It was called the Fundamental Constitution of Carolina. Eventually the colonists elected 5 representatives to serve with 5 agents representing the Lords on a Council which was ruled by a Parliament and the Lords Proprietors.

North Carolina(1663)North Carolina(1663)

• Like South Carolina, North Carolina was founded by 8 aristocrats.

• It was founded for profit from trade and selling land.

• The people were mostly English.

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• The climate in North Carolina was hot, humid summers and short, mild winters.

• The economy was based mainly on farming crops such as tobacco.

• The religion was mostly Protestant.

• The government included a governor and a senator chosen by the people.

New Jersey(1664)New Jersey(1664)

• New Jersey was founded in 1664. Its founders were religious and political freeman. New Jersey was founded by two English- men named John Berkeley and George Carteret. Another reason for foundation is profit for Duke of York

Flag of New JerseyFlag of New Jersey

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• Many Puritans had a policy of religious freedom.

• The colony was made up mostly of Dutch, Swedes, and Germans.

• Their government was known as the “Concessions”. It granted religious freedom to English men. It consisted of a governor, a council, and an assembly of 12.

New Jersey, continued . . .New Jersey, continued . . .

• New Jersey had a warm climate with fertile soil.

• The economy was based mainly on farming.

• New Jersey had a warm climate with fertile soil.

• The economy was based mainly on farming.

Pennsylvania(1681)Pennsylvania(1681)

• Pennsylvania was claimed for England by John Cabot in 1497.

• William Penn was given a land grant in 1681. He was a Quaker.

• Pennsylvania was founded as a colony where people would be allowed to worship as they chose.

• The colony was made up of English Quakers and other Protestants. Slaves made up about 20 percent of the population.

William PennWilliam Penn

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• The colony was covered with rolling hills,trees,and fertile soil.

• In the colony the weather was hot and humid in the summer time and cold with snow in the winter.

• The colonist in the colony were mostly farmers who raised vegetables,corn,and wheat and grazed dairy cattle.

Pennsylvania, continued . . .Pennsylvania, continued . . .

• In the colony the religion had a very strong tradition of tolerance and welcomed settlers seeking religious freedom.

• The colony offered political freedom and self-government.Every free man in the colony elected 200 representatives to the Pennsylvania General Assembly each year.

• The men voted on laws that were proposed by the Provincial Council,72 men also elected annually.

• The Governor oversaw the legislature.

Georgia(1732)Georgia(1732)

• George II founded Georgia in his own name in 1732, but James Oglethorpe was given the job of setting up the colony.

• Georgia was founded as a haven for poor debtors.

• The colony included English, Africans, and Native Americans as well as debtors from France, Scotland, Ireland, Wales, Germany, and the Netherlands.

King George IIKing George II

Georgia, continued . . .Georgia, continued . . .

• Winters were shorter and milder in Georgia than in England and the summers were long, hot, and humid.

• The economy in Georgia was based mostly on farming. Cash crops included cotton, indigo, tobacco, and rice. Eventually Africans were used on the plantations.

• The religion in Georgia was based on religious tolerance and freedom.

James Oglethorpe(Founder)James Oglethorpe(Founder)

Georgia, continued . . .Georgia, continued . . .

• Georgian landowners elected representatives to the Common House of Assembly. They were watched over by the Upper House of General Assembly. Above the two legislative bodies was a Governor who was appointed by the Trustees and the King of England. The Governor had the final word.

THE END!!!!!!!!!THE END!!!!!!!!!