THE 12 TH WORLD CONGRESS OF SPORT PSYCHOLOGY International Society of Sport Psychology – ISSP –...

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Salmela & Vianna Junior

Coaching Science Coaching Science in South Americain South America

John H. Salmela, Ph. D.John H. Salmela, Ph. D.University of Ottawa, CanadaUniversity of Ottawa, Canada

Newton S. Vianna Jr., M. Sc.Newton S. Vianna Jr., M. Sc.FACSAL, BrazilFACSAL, Brazil

http://www.issponline.org/

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South AmericaSouth America

1.1. BrazilBrazil PortuguesePortuguese

2.2. ArgentinaArgentina SpanishSpanish

3.3. BoliviaBolivia SpanishSpanish

4.4. ChileChile SpanishSpanish

5.5. ColombiaColombia SpanishSpanish

6.6. EcuadorEcuador SpanishSpanish

7.7. ParaguayParaguay SpanishSpanish

8.8. PeruPeru SpanishSpanish

9.9. UruguayUruguay SpanishSpanish

10.10. VenezuelaVenezuela SpanishSpanish

11.11. French GuianaFrench Guiana FrenchFrench

12.12. GuyanaGuyana EnglishEnglish

13.13. SurinameSuriname DutchDutch

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ResearchResearch

Coach education and the sport structure (questionnaire): Coach education and the sport structure (questionnaire):

• South American sport psychology congress 11 South American sport psychology congress 11 coaches and psychologists from Brazil, Colombia, coaches and psychologists from Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Paraguay and Uruguay. Except those from Ecuador, Paraguay and Uruguay. Except those from Brazil, most South Americans have been trained in Brazil, most South Americans have been trained in psychology, but a few also in sport science or physical psychology, but a few also in sport science or physical education. education.

• Level III international gymnastics coaching course Level III international gymnastics coaching course (FIG), in Brazil, 5 coaches from Argentina, Chile, (FIG), in Brazil, 5 coaches from Argentina, Chile, Peru, Uruguay and Venezuela.Peru, Uruguay and Venezuela.

• E-mail contact with experts.E-mail contact with experts.


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ResearchResearch

Coach publication in sport:Coach publication in sport:

• Research internet sites in South America in Research internet sites in South America in Portuguese and Spanish, to find books and Portuguese and Spanish, to find books and articles produced and published about coaching articles produced and published about coaching in South America. in South America.


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ResultsResultsPublicationsPublications

In Portuguese - BrazilIn Portuguese - Brazil• Coaches (Google) the term “Coaches (Google) the term “técnicotécnico” or “” or “treinadortreinador” ”

resulted in just a few results, most part presented resulted in just a few results, most part presented as free papers in national events, not published nor as free papers in national events, not published nor became available online. became available online.

• The few publications or unpublished thesis The few publications or unpublished thesis regarding coaches available in some online regarding coaches available in some online journals were not updated until 2008.journals were not updated until 2008.

• The 31 articles and thesis were related to:The 31 articles and thesis were related to:aerobic gymnastics (1), artistic gymnastics (2), aerobic gymnastics (1), artistic gymnastics (2), basketball (2), team handball (4), soccer (13), basketball (2), team handball (4), soccer (13), tennis (1), volleyball (4), and about coaches in tennis (1), volleyball (4), and about coaches in general (5). general (5).


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ResultsResultsPublicationsPublications

In SpanishIn Spanish• The research was more restricted but with more The research was more restricted but with more

articles, especially on “articles, especially on “EFDeportEFDeport”, an online journal ”, an online journal from Argentina, that publishes in Spanish and from Argentina, that publishes in Spanish and Portuguese. Portuguese.

• The results for the different terms related to coach The results for the different terms related to coach were: “coach” (105), “entrenador(es)” (1.210), were: “coach” (105), “entrenador(es)” (1.210), “tecnico(s)” (1.770). “tecnico(s)” (1.770).

• In Portuguese and Spanish the word “técnico(a)” is also In Portuguese and Spanish the word “técnico(a)” is also used for “technique”, so many times the article was used for “technique”, so many times the article was related to technical gestures or sports techniques. related to technical gestures or sports techniques.

• Some results were related to the name of the magazine Some results were related to the name of the magazine or journal, or used as keywords. or journal, or used as keywords.


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ResultsResults Questionnaire Questionnaire

• These 16 professionals worked with basketball, futsal, These 16 professionals worked with basketball, futsal, gymnastics, handball, soccer and volleyball. gymnastics, handball, soccer and volleyball.

• They also provided information about baseball, boxing, They also provided information about baseball, boxing, cycling, field hockey, golf, judo, speed skating, cycling, field hockey, golf, judo, speed skating, synchronized swimming, swimming, tennis, athletics, synchronized swimming, swimming, tennis, athletics, weightlifting and wrestling. weightlifting and wrestling.

• In Brazil, Sport Psychology is taught and developed for In Brazil, Sport Psychology is taught and developed for the most part by professionals in physical education, the most part by professionals in physical education, while in the other countries almost only psychologists are while in the other countries almost only psychologists are responsible for researches and interventions.responsible for researches and interventions.


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TopicYes No Some N/A

1-Does coach training exist in your country? 11 0 4 2

2-Do physical education courses prepare coaches? 0 9 5 2

3-Are there specialized courses in coaches? 2 6 3 5

4-Are there post-graduate courses in coaching? 3 5 1 7

5-Are there racial factors that affect coaching? 8 6 0 2

Table 1 – Answers of Training Coaches for this South American Sample of 16 Specialists

N/A – not applicable or did not answer


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Table 2 - Learning Processes of these Coaches

N/A – not applicable or did not answer

1-Did you learn coaching from courses? 12 2 0

2-Did you learn coaching from your own experience? 11 5 2

3-Did you learn coaching from books? 10 0 0

4-Did you learn coaching from other coaches? 9 1 2

Yes 1st option 2nd option


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Table 3 - How to Improve the Training Processes for Coaches in your Country

Sport specific university courses with practical components 8

Integration between coaches from different disciplines 5

Better course organization 2

More governmental financial support 1


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ResultsResults

Among all of the sports in South America, the only official national Among all of the sports in South America, the only official national programs for coach education are:programs for coach education are:

• Brazilian Volleyball Federation (CBV). Brazilian Volleyball Federation (CBV).

• Argentinean basketball national federation.Argentinean basketball national federation.

• Gymnastics = FIG courses have been used to develop coaches. Gymnastics = FIG courses have been used to develop coaches.

• Basketball = Courses of the South American federation.Basketball = Courses of the South American federation.

• Soccer = FIFA center, in Chile, to develop coaches in South Soccer = FIFA center, in Chile, to develop coaches in South America.America.

• Brazilian Soccer School was created, beginning in July of 2009. Brazilian Soccer School was created, beginning in July of 2009.

• Brazilian Federations of basketball and gymnastics are Brazilian Federations of basketball and gymnastics are developing their programs based on Brazilian volleyball courses.developing their programs based on Brazilian volleyball courses.


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ConclusionConclusion

• In Brazil, to become a coach, a PE superior course is In Brazil, to become a coach, a PE superior course is required and also the registration in the PE professional required and also the registration in the PE professional council. council.

• Brazilian professionals in some sports, such as soccer, Brazilian professionals in some sports, such as soccer, martial arts and dance, who learned from their own martial arts and dance, who learned from their own experience before working as a coach, have the right to, experience before working as a coach, have the right to, after a special course, to continue working in that specific after a special course, to continue working in that specific area. area.

• Most coaches in other sports in South America don’t have a Most coaches in other sports in South America don’t have a PE course.PE course.

• Maybe soccer is the sport that has more coaches without a Maybe soccer is the sport that has more coaches without a physical education course in Brazil and in South America. physical education course in Brazil and in South America.


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ConclusionConclusion

• For sure, in South America, the most prepared For sure, in South America, the most prepared coaches are in Brazilian volleyball, which has a coaches are in Brazilian volleyball, which has a system to develop coach education, recognized as system to develop coach education, recognized as among the best in the world. among the best in the world.

• The structure of courses in Brazilian volleyball is The structure of courses in Brazilian volleyball is now the reference for the other sports which are now the reference for the other sports which are trying to define their own coach education system trying to define their own coach education system in Brazil, such as soccer, basketball, trampoline in Brazil, such as soccer, basketball, trampoline and artistic gymnastics. and artistic gymnastics.


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Thank youThank you Merci Beaucoup Merci Beaucoup

Shukran Shukran• John H. Salmela

jhsalmela@hotmail

• Newton Santos Vianna Júnior

[email protected]


THE 12 TH WORLD CONGRESS OF SPORT PSYCHOLOGY International Society of Sport Psychology – ISSP –...

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