THAI Safety Committe Prep Chap 3

8/10/2019 THAI Safety Committe Prep Chap 3

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Safety, Occupational Health and Working

Environment (OSHE) committee

สถาบันฝกอบรมดานความปลอดภัย

บรษัท ป นทองกร ป แมนเนจเมนท แอนด คอนซัลแตนท จากัด



Chapter 3

The roles and

responsibilities of OSHE

committee in theenterprise.



The OSHE committee has the duties

as the following

Conduct the hazard elimination from workplace continuously.

Establish the safety standard and manual for each operation and utilizethem in the workplace.

Implement the recommendation on accident/incident and hazard control

in the workplace.

Identify the proper personal protective equipment that suitable for

protect the hazard from work and require the employees to wear them

all the time while they are working.

Follow up the progress of OSHE activities and report to the employer.



The prevention and control of the danger from work

the machinery hazard prevention and control .

the electricity hazard prevention and control .

the material handling and storage hazard prevention and control .

the industrial fire hazard prevention and control.

the working environmental hazard prevention and control .

the chemical hazard prevention and control .

the ergonomic hazard prevention and control .

the construction work hazard prevention and control .

the personal protective equipment .



The machinery hazard prevention and control.



causes of machinery accident

Lack of proper machine guarding.

Ignorance or violate the safety operation procedures .

Employee has no the safety awareness.

not enough details of safety protection education training.



The machinery hazard prevention and control.

Develop machine guarding

Having devices to prevent contact with critical point

Check machine regularly

Provide the specific control devices to prevent access to

moving parts while they are in motion

Provide the Safety Operation Standard for machine

operation

Provide the personal protective equipment for the machine

operator and let them use all the time

Workers must be trained to use guards properly



Safeguard

To prevent danger from contacting to the danger part of the

machines

To prevent danger from the work process

To prevent danger from broken machines

Safeguards are essential to protect workers from preventable

injuries. Whenever the operation of a machine

Safeguards



safeguard maintenance regulation

the regular lubrication, repair and adjustment of both the machine and

the safeguarding systems are essential.

When a guard is removed for maintenance or adjustment, temporary

controls must be used to protect workers from machine hazards.

Ensure that during the maintenance or service operation, no one can

energize or start-up of the machines, or the release of stored energy

without permission

If the lockout or key is lost, immediately report and request the new set of

lockout and its key.

Do not allow workers who warring improper dresses operating the

machines



Machines maintenance

Maintenance operators have to inform every time

Ensuring the machines could not start up under repairing

process

Lock out must be used every time

Warning sign must be used every time

After the repairing to make sure lock out has been

removed

If lock out lost it should be reported and replace

immediately



Maintenance



The electricity hazard prevention and control.



1. Electrocution (death due to electrical shock),

2. Electrical shock

The type of electrical injuries

3. Burns, and

4. Falls.



To prevent an electrical incident



1. Type of electric

current

Direct Current orD.C.

Alternating Current or A.C.



Effects of Electrical Current on the BodyCurrent Reaction

1 milliamp

5 milliamps

6 –25 milliamps (women)†

9 – 30 milliamps (men)

50 – 150 milliamps

1,000 – 4,300milliamps

10,000 milliamps

15,000 milliamps

Just a faint tingle.

Slight shock felt. Disturbing, but not painful. Most people can “let go.

”However, strong involuntary movements can cause injuries.

Painful shock. Muscular control is lost. This is the range where

“freezing Currents” start.

It may not be possible to “let go.”

Extremely painful shock, respiratory arrest (breathing stops), severe

muscle contractions. Flexor muscles may cause holding on; extensor

muscles may cause intense pushing away. Death is possible.

Ventricular fibrillation (heart pumping action not rhythmic) occurs.

Muscles (1 – 4.3 amps) contract; nerve damage occurs. Death is likely.

Cardiac arrest and severe burns occur. Death is probable.(10 amps)

Lowest overcurrent at which typical fuses or circuit breaker opens a

circuit! (15 amps)



2. Electric impedances

Home electric

Factory electric

220 Volt

380 Volt

Electric for Transformer

1,000 Volt up

For safety < 24 Volt



3. Exposure time

220 Volt get dead with in 3-5 minutes



4. Type of skin (dealing to electric resistance)

For dry skin having electric resistance

100,000 – 600,000 ohms per cubic meters

Wet skin having electric resistance

1,000 ohms per cubic meters

100 % reduction



5. Moisture condition and others ex: electric

flow in the body,The amount of current passing

through the body



The prevention from electric hazards

Learning about electric theory

Electrical equipment selection

Electrical equipment installation

Inspection and maintenance

Warning sign

Proper uses of machine and electrical equipment

Strictly follow up the electrical standard



the manual material handling and storage

hazard prevention and control



the problems in the manual material handling and storage

Question for operation improving

Whether material handling has been removed or not

How do the injuries still occur and what is the causes

Safety facilities has been provided

Do you use machine for carrying material

Do you ware PPE

Whether safety training have been done

Whether safety monitoring have been implemented

Whether storage point have been set up

Whether having material storage manual



Principal of the material handling by hand



Material lifting



Material lifting in the right way

1. inspection

size, shape, weight



2. Standing near to the material



3. Bending the knee and keeping the back up

right naturally



4. Pulling the material close to body as

much as possible



5. Fix the chin or safe it



6. Walking into the direction of material

storage



the safety on the material handling by equipment

or tools

1. crowbar or wrecking bar

1.select the sufficient size and type

2.the user shall not stand over the crowbar during use

it

3.the user shall stand in the safe place to prevent the

nip, or hit from the uncertain condition of crowbar

4.head of the crowbar shall be in the good condition

5.hang all the crowbar on their place after used

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2. wheeled vehicle

*1.Beware the wheel run over the fingers and

toes

2.When require to change the direction, please

use the steering

3.Do not change the direction too often

4.Do not use the gas cylinder as the wheel

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3. hook or gaff

Hand hook shall always be sharp to prevent slipwhen hook the boxes or materials.

Hook holder should be strong and fix firmly to thehook body

Handle and long hook end shall be curved in thesame plane in order to lay the hook down upon theground and prevent the stumble

Put on the cover on the sharp end of the hook



5. pushcart or wheelbarrow

General precaution for the pushcart Beware the pushcart fall down from the dockyard or

slope

Beware the hitting with another pushcart orobstruction

Beware of hands get nipped with the pushcart orother obstruction

After finish using pushcart, put away, avoid leaving

at the walking area that may cause accidents fromsomeone tripping over or obstruct the traffic

Foldable pushcart shall be parked with handle upposition and not obstruct the traffic



Material handing (in the present time)



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Conveyor

General precaution for the belt conveyor

No climbing, sitting, and standing on the belt conveyor

Shall not be overloaded

No removing the cover of the gear wheel and chains while belt conveyor is working

Aware of the location of the belt conveyor system controller

The belt conveyor controller box should be in the accessible location

Before start the belt conveyor, all crews shall be in the safe location

Belt conveyor controller shall be trained

Immediate report for the obstruction to the belt conveyor

On the sides of the belt conveyor shall not contain obstructed objects

Before maintenance, be certain that the controller system is locked

Beware of the body parts and clothes from the belt conveyor

The maintenance engineer shall be skillful

Must install emergency stop switches at different locations and install warning alarm for overloading



Screw conveyor



the industrial engine vehicle

General precaution for the engine vehicle Should install the equipment that required human’s operation while in

motion Should include the overhead cover for the driver such as roof or car

cover Carefully use the engine vehicle designed only for that particular

purpose Forklift should have the control switch for the minimum and maximum

lifting capability to prevent over lifted and under lifted Should not use forklift for lifting humans unless the safeguard is

installed with the fork In case of using engine vehicle that use gasoline in confined space, the

level of carbon monoxide shall not exceed 50 part by million part involume within the 8 continuous working hours, and the air shouldcontain of oxygen not less than 19.5% by volume

In space contained flammable gas and vapor, dust, fiber, and othersubstances which can cause ignition, specific designed engine vehicleshould be use



forklift



Material storage

1. Area

2. Containers

3. Piping ,rode

4. Metal sheet

5. cylinder

6. High pressure gas

7.

Particle or dust



The industrial fire hazard prevention and control



1. cause of fire accident in the enterprise

There are four essential

elements of fire that

can cause fireaccident:

Fuel

Oxygen

HeatChain Reaction



2. The fire accidents are mostly cause by

1. Spark

- electrical appliances

/the deterioration of the

electric insulator

2. Smoking or lighting

cigarette 3. The resistance of the

machine or motor



4. Welding and cutting

5. Materials with high

heated surface

6. accumulation of

chemical substances



Chemical Reaction



I don’t know.

Cigarette smoking



1. Short circuit 23 %

2. Smoking or lighting cigarette 18 %

3.Friction 10 %

4. Heated machine 8 %

5. Metal surface heated 7 %

6. Uncover flame 7 %

7. Welding and cutting 4 %

8. Auto ignite 4 %

9. fire from manmade 3 %

10. Sparking from machine 3 %

11. Melting material 2 %

12. Electro static discharge

2 %

13. Chemical reaction 1 %

14. Air contamination 1 %

15. others 5 %



3. Guidelines for fire prevention and protection in

the enterprise

3.1 Electrical equipment: Establish regular maintenances.

3.2 Friction reduction:required regular inspection maintenance and

lubrication.

3.3 Use magnetic or other separators to remove tramp metal.

3.4 Cutting and welding

3.5 Do not use open flames near combustibles.



3. Guidelines for fire prevention and

protection in the enterprise

3.6 Smoking and matches

3.7 Overheated materials

3.8 Static electricity

3.9 Heat generating machine

3.10 Self ignition material



Fire extinguisher and evacuation system

4.1 Reporting system training ( how, when, where )

4.2 Type of extinguisher

Type A

Type B

Type C

Type D

4.3

Fire fighting team4.4 Evacuation system

Tools and Fire Extinguisher



- Portable Fire Extinguisher

- Firehose System

g



- Water and Foam Type

* To check pressure in the container every 6

months

Accumulation pressure 100 Psi

- Liquid chemical Type

*To check pressure in the container every 6

months

Accumulation pressure 195 Psi

Fire extinguisher testing



- Dry Chemical Type

* To check pressure in the container every 6 months

Accumulation pressure 195 Psi /

* To check the physical property of chemical

* To check the leakage of gas

* To check the nozzle

* To check the erosion of container



Fire Pump



Fire Hose

- Hose rack

* size 11/2 inch for general work

* size 21/2 inch for fire fighter

* length 20 and 30 meters

* made of canvas or synthetic fiber



Fire Hose

- Hose reel

* size 3/4 inch for general work

* length 20 and 30 meters

* made of synthetic rubber



Fire Nozzle

- Straight

* can not adjust type



Fire Nozzle

- Fog type

* can adjust 0 - 120 degree



Water reservation

Pump and water storage

Connection, line, nozzle

Water System



area size quantity

250 cu.m 9000 lites

>250 cu.m not over 500 cu.m 15,000 lites

>500 ตรม. Not over 1000 cu.m 27,000 lites

>1000 cu.m 36,000 lites

Water reservationquantity



Suggestion

1. Collect in the close metal container

2. Clean up in the area of flammable waste one time a day

3. Dispose the flammable waste at least every month

4. Flammable waste disposal workers must wearing PPE

when working

5. Ash generated from flammable waste burning must be

kept safely

Flammable waste disposal



Fire Alarm System

Heat Detector



Smoke Detector



MANUAL STATION



Fire Alarm

- Control Panel and Manual , Bell

- Noise Level not less than 100 dB A

- Noise Testing at less 1 time / month



Fire Exit



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the working environmental hazard

prevention and control

The prevention and control of noise hazard



noise is the unwanted sound or noise pollution

There are 3 types of noise which are

- Intermittence noise is intermittent if there is a

mix of relatively quiet periods and noisy.

- Impulsive or impact noise is a very short burst of

noise which lasts for less than one second.

- Continuous noise is noise which remains constant and

stable over a given time period.



Ministerial Regulation

Standard Requirement for Safety, Occupational and Working Environment

Dealing With Heat, Light and Noise B.E 2549

Noise

Working not over 7 hour a day noise level must not excess to 91 dB(A)

Working over 7 hour a day but not over 8 hour noise level must not excess to 90 dB(A)

Working over 8 hour a day noise level must not excess to 85 dB(A)

Highest noise level must not over 140 dB(A)

The main auditory effects include



- Hearing loss

Temporary hearing loss

Permanent hearing loss

- Health effects- Safety effects

Cause of hearing loss



intensity

frequency

duration

nature of noise

Nature of individual

T h i l



Temporary hearing loss

known as temporary threshold shift (TTS) whichoccurs immediately after exposure to a high level of

noise.

There is gradual recovery when the affected person

spends time in a quiet place.

Complete recovery may take several hours.



Prevention and control ofnoise hazards



The control of the source or

origin of the noise

SOURCE PATHWAY RECIVER

Designing of machine uses

Changing work process

Enclosure of noisy machine

Regular maintenance esp. lubricating

The control at path of the noise



Increasing the length of machine and worker

Enclosure or walling or equipped with sound absorption material

Use personal hearing protector



- Ear plug

- Ear muff



The prevention and control of heat hazard



• Dry heat

• Humid heat

Main Component of Heat



Main Component of Heat

Moisture in the air

Wind speed

Heat radiation

Dressing or clothing

Heat effects on health



Heat cramps

Heat exhaustion

Heat stroke

Heat rashes

Dehydration

Respiratory infection Increase severity of Illness

Psychological effects

Prevention and control of heat hazard



At Source

Insulation

General ventilation

Specific ventilation

At worker

Proper recruitment

Work safe standard

PPE using

Necessary well being provision



Ministerial Regulation

Heat level standard (WBGT degree celcius)

Light 34

Moderate 32

Heavy 30



Vibration effects onhealth



Health effects on who le-body

vibrat ion Changes in bone structure

Low back pain

Low blood sugar level

Upper gastrointestinal cramp

Nausea, weight loss, blurry vision,insomnia, inner ear malfunction

Health effects on hand-arm vibration



Loss in bone calcium and mineral

Changes in tendons, muscles, bones and joints

Joint pains

Vibration-induced white finger (VWF)

Prevention and control of vibration



Use appropriate material or designing technique

Regular machinery maintenance

. Place vibration absorbance material underneath the

machines Wear special designed shoes and gloves

Use of vibration absorbance material for seating

Limit working hour

medical health check up



The prevention and control of

radiation



Radiation

Electro magnetic wave Radiation



Low frequency



Low frequency

cataracts

lungs,

testis,

gall bladder,

urinary tubes and partial gastrointestinal tract.



Ultraviolet radiation



Ultraviolet radiation

skin color change

skin irritation

cataracts

Prevention and control ofradiation



radiation

- Control radiation area

- Provision of signs and warnings

- Establish safety working procedure and provide radiation measuring equipment

for employees

- Restrain pregnant women from danger area

- Implement emergency plan for radiation control

- Use of personal protective equipment

- Provide safety training on radiation control

- Set up rules and regulations on radiation control



Prevention and control atsource



source

• Uses low toxicity chemical

• Changes the work process

• Separate the high toxic processout

• Enclosure the work process

Prevent and control atthe path way



p w y

• Green and clean environment

• Ventilation installation

•

Increase the length ofcontact

• Chemical concentration

monitoring

Prevention and control atworkers



workers

• Training

• Working hour reduction

• Rotation

• Working in control room

• Medical check up

•

PPE using

Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)



1. Product Data Trade name

Chemical name Usage

Producer/Importer

Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)

Material Safety Data Sheet(MSDS)



(MSDS)

2. Chemical Classification

2.1 U. N. Number : 1294

2.2 CAS No. : 108-88-3

2.3 Carcinogent

3. Toxic component




(MSDS)

Important Data

3. Hazardous Ingredients

Substances CAS No. Percent Toluene

108-88-3 95




(MSDS)

4. Physical and Chemical information

5. Explosion and flammable information

Explosion and Flammable informmation



Flash point Auto ignition Temperature

Ratio of flue and oxygen

Lower Flammable Limit( LFL )

Upper Flammable Limit( UFL)

Flash Point



Flammable liquid flash point lower 100 °F

Combustible liquid flash point higher 100 but lower 200 °F

Auto-ignition temperature



Turpentine can ignition at 253 °C

Ratio of Flue and Oxygen



Acetylene : LEL = 2.5%

UEL= 100%



Comparison NGV LPG Benzen Diesel

Status gas gas liquid liquid

Density lighter heavier heavier heavier

Flammable limit 5 - 15% 2 - 9.5% 1.4 - 7.6% 0.6 - 7.5%

Auto ignitiontemperature

650°C 481°C 275°C 250°C




( )

6. Health hazard data, First aid

7. Safety measure

8. Special Instruction



Ergonomics



Ergonomics

ergo = work + nomous = rules

Ergonomics is the application of scientific information

concerning objects, systems and environment for

human use. Ergonomics is commonly thought of as how

companies design tasks and work areas to maximize the

efficiency and quality of their employees’ work.



Prevention and control of health hazards

in construction sites

Problem of accident inconstruction work



Operation

Work characteristics

Working environment

Work related accident

Prevention and control of healthhazards in construction sites



1. Training2. Operation Regulation

3. Define Construction Area

4. Set up “Construction Site” signs around

the area5. Provide nursing unit

6. Provide first-aid training to employees

7. Provide the fire prevention training to

the workers8. Assign safety officers9. Put up signs, warnings and regulation

Safety measure duringconstruction



1. PPE wearing2. Control and Inspect ladder, scaffold

3. Use adequate fall arrest equipment

4. Do not allow uncontrolledmovement of trucks

5. Check electrical equipment forsafety

6. Wear adequate clothing and head-gear

Personal protective equipment

(PPE)



(PPE)

Head Protection



http://www.northsafety.com/usa/en/bs_product.html?GID=6845

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http://www.safety.com.sg/worksafegloves.htm

http://www.safety.com.sg/worksafegloves.htm



http://www.antec.fr/en/actualites/default.asp



safety inspection

Benefits or consequencesfrom safety inspections



f m f y p1. Identify potential hazards2. Investigate safety management measures

3. Create understanding and harmonization4. Reduce potential risks and losses

5. Participation6. Increase safety awareness7. Evaluation of safety performance8. Increase awareness of responsible

person

Procedure of safetyinspection



p

1. Preparing for an inspection2. Carrying out an inspection

3. Conclusions, problem ordering andsolutions

4. Monitoring the results

5. Reporting overall results to

management



Safety regulation, safety manual and

safety standard operation procedures



JOB SAFETY ANALYSIS

( JSA )

Job safety analysis principle



To identify risks to health and

safety in the workplace, and

documenting the control measurestaken to manage those risks.

Analyzer is the person who know

well about the work process in thek l



workplace.

Job safety analysis steps



1. Select the job for analysis

2. Set priority of job in each step

3. Hazard identification in each step

4. Set up the safety operation measure

The selection of job to analyse



1. high frequency rate of accident

2. high danger

3. new job

4. new work process

5. ect.

Working step priorities



1) Begin to start when action

Write down the step of work



Should not over 6 steps

Considering the type of accident Impact with a falling or flying object.

Penetration of sharp objects.



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Caught in or between a stationary/moving object.

Falls from an elevated work platform, ladders or stairs.

Excessive lifting, twisting, pushing, pulling, reaching, or bending.

Exposure to vibrating power tools, excessive noise, cold or heat, or

harmful levels of gases, vapors, liquids, fumes, or dusts.

Repetitive motion.

Electrical hazards.

Light (optical) radiation (i.e. welding operations, etc.).

Set up the safety operation measure



1.Safety modification of machine

2. Machine guarding



4. Working environment improvement



Ventilation system

5. Provide safety training



Benefit of JSA



- Standard

- Training module

- Observation

- Accident investigation

Safety manual making



1. Identify draft manual responsibility person.

2. Safety committee consider and correct it.

3. Safety committee submit to the management.

4. Printing

5. Distributing

6. Regular up date



Reporting system

Concern person



employee

Chief section safety officers

Executive safety officers

Safety committee member

Health personal

Contact worker



Evaluation

Data needed for evalution



1. Accident cases

2. Injuries

3. near miss events4. Working environment monitoring data

5. Medical cost

6. IFR, ISR, ASI, DII7. Safety project

Evaluation out put



1. Comparing in each year performance

2. Comparing performance with plan

3. Comparing performance with target andindicator

4. Comparing with other organization



Meeting and follow up

Objectives of meeting



1. To inform data

2. To share information

3. To generate common policy

4. To cooperate for action

Factor for conducting andeffective meeting



1. Participants

2. Agenda

3. Meeting place

4. Audiovisual aid

5. Meeting duration

Participants



Chair person

Secretary

Commitee

Follow up



Plan and project

Working result

Role and duties of committee The assigned work

Follow up result



Work Progress

Work obstacles and problem

Effectiveness and efficiency

Improvement of the procedures

THAI Safety Committe Prep Chap 3

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