th IN~:;;;;;::;WTE(;;;;;-1 · The final effluent design limits are as follows: BOD SS N03 NH3 P 5...

Our Ref: WS 30707A00037

MD

AdministrationEnvironmental Licensing ProgrammeOffice ofClimate, Licensing & Resource UseP.O. Box 3000Johnstown Ca...,tle EstateCo. Wexford

9th October 2009

IN~:;;;;;::;WTE(;;;;;-1

f:

r:L~~~•.

IRe: Caherconlish Waste Water Discharge Licence-Applicant Ref: D0308-0J.

Dear Sirs

I refer to your previous correspondence regarding the above application. Please findenclosed the following information:

DischargesThe final effluent is treated to P=5mg/I. There is a baft1e plate fitted to the emergencyoutfall from the storm holding tank.

Existing EnvironmentOne hard copy and one soft copy of the appropriate assessment as requested IS

attached.

Further WorksThere are no improvement works planned at this time. The Caherconlish plant wasconstructed in 2007.

Yours faithfully

TREVOR MCKECHNIEA/SENIOR EXECUTIVE ENGINEERWATER SERVICES DEPARTMENT

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Caherconlish Waste Water Treatment PlantAppropriate AssessmentStage I Screening Assessment

Caherconlish WasteWater Treatment Plant

AppropriateAssessment

Stage 1 ScreeningAssessment

September 2009

262687-N-R-02-B

Mott MacDonald Ireland Ltd.Limerick County Council

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Caherconlish WasteWater Treatment Plant

AppropriateAssessment

Stage 1 ScreeningAssessment


26268700007n.doc

Issue and Revision Record

Rev Date Originator Checker Approver Description

AugustRMcE PAY BS

A Initial Draft2009 EB

~September EB ~B 2009 For Issue

This document has been prepared for the titled project or named part thereof and should not be relied upon or used for anyother project without an independent check being camed out as to its suitability and prior written authority of MottMacDonald Pettit Ltd. being obtained. Mott MacDonald Pettit Ltd. accepts no responsibility or liability for theconsequence of this document being used for a purpose other than the purposes for which it was commissioned. Anyperson using or relying on the document for such other purpose agrees, and will by such use or reliance be taken to confirmhis agreement to indemnify Mott MacDonald Pettit Ltd. for all loss or damage resulting therefrom. Mott MacDonald PettitLtd. accepts no responsibility or liability for this document to any party other than the person by whom it wascommissioned.

To the extent that this report is based on information supplied by other parties, Mott MacDonald Pettit Ltd. accepts noliability for any loss or damage suffered by the client, whether contractual or tortious, stemming from any conclusionsbased on data supplied by parties other than Mott MacDonald Pettit Ltd. and used by Molt MacDonald Pettit Ltd. inpreparing this report.

262687-N·R-02-B

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Caherconlish Waste Water Treatment PlantAppropriate AssessmentStage 1 Screening Assessment

List of Contents

Chapters and Appendices

Introduction

1.1 Projeet Overview

1.2 Legislative Framework

1.3 Scope of Appropriate Assessment

lA Methodology


26268700007n.doc

Page

1-1

I-I

I-I

1-1

1-2

2

3

4

5

6

Description of the Project

2.1 Project Background

Characteristics of Natura 2000 Site

3.1 Habitats Directive - Annex I Habitats

3.2 Habitats Directive - Annex II Species

3.3 Conservation Objectives

3.4 Consultation with NPWS on Potential Impacts of the Development

Potential Ecological Impacts and Significance

4.1 Sensitivity of Qualifying Interests

4.2 Potential Changes as a Result of the Development

4.3 Assessment of Impacts on Qualifying Interests

4.4 Cumulative Impacts

Conclusions and Recommendations

Stage 1 Screening Matrix

2-1

2-1

3-1

3-1

3-1

3-1

3-2

4-3

4-3

4-4

4-1

4-2

5-1

6-1

Appendix A

Appendix B

B.l

B.2

B.3

BA

Appendix C

262687-N-R-02·B

Appropriate Assessment Process

Descriptions of Relevant Qualifying Interests

Ranunculion fluitantis and Callitricho-Batrachion vegetation

Brook Lamprey, River Lamprey and Sea Lamprey

Atlantic Salmon

Otter

Site Synopsis

A-I

B-1

B-1

B-4

B-12

B-17

C-l

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Appendix D Consultation Response D-l

Table 2.1: Current Flows and Loads

Table 2.2: Future Flows and Loads (2015)Table 6_1: Habitats Screening MatrixTable 6.2: Habitats Directive Finding of No Significant Effects Matrix

II262687-N-R-02-B

2-1

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1 Introduction

1.1 Project Overview


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The Environmental Protection Agency has requested that Limerick County Council carry out anAppropriate Assessment of the Caherconlish Waste Water Treatment Plant in County Limerick inaccordance with the requirements of Article 6, paragraph (3) of Council Directive 92/43/EEC on theConservation of Natural Habitats and of Wild Fauna and Flora (Habitats Directive).

Mott MacDonald Ireland Ltd. has prepared a Stage 1 Screening Assessment at the request of LimerickCounty Council in response to the request of the EPA. This Assessment has been prepared in supportof the waste water discharge licence application for the Caherconlish Waste 'Water Treatment Plant(Application Register Number D0308-0 I).

1.2 Legislative Framework

Article 6, paragraph (3) of Council Directive 92/43/EEC on the Conservation of Natural Habitats andof Wild Fauna and Flora (Habitats Directive) requires that any plan or project which is likely to have asignificant effect on a designated site (Natura 2000 Site), while not directly cormected with the site,shall be subject to appropriate assessment to identify any implications for the site in view of the site'sconservation objectives. The Competent Authority shall then agree to the plan or project only afterhaving ascertained that the plan or project will not adversely affect the integrity of the Natura 2000site. The Habitats Directive was transposed into Irish law by the European (Natural Habitats)Regulations, 1997 (S.l. No. 94/1997).

A Stage I Screening assessment identifies whether or not the plan or project has the potential toimpact on a European designated site. Natura 2000 sites, referred to as 'European designated sites',include Special Protection Areas (SPAs), Special Areas of Conservation (SAC), candidate SAC, and

proposed SPAs.

A key outcome of this Appropriate Assessment is to identify whether the integrity of the Lower RiverSharmon SAC (site code 002165) may be affected by the Caherconlish Waste Water Treatment Plantdischarge, and whether the conservation status of the primary interest features (qualifying interests) ofthe SAC could be impacted.

1.3 Scope of Appropriate Assessment

The objective of this assessment is to act as a Stage I Screening exercise to inform the CompetentAuthority and the National Parks and Wildlife Services (NPWS) of the Department of theEnvironment, Heritage and Local Government (DEHLG) whether there is a potential likely impact ofthe Caherconlish Waste Water Treatment Plant discharge on the conservation value of the Lower

River Sharmon SAC.

This Stage I Screening Assessment is undertaken in accordance with the EC (2000) Managing Nature2000 Sites. The provisions of Article 6 of lhe Habitats Directive 92/43/EEC. and; EC (2001)Assessment ofplans and projects significantly affecting Natura 2000 sites. Methodological guidanceon the provisions of Article 6(3) and (4) of the Habitats Directive 92/43/EEC. Brussels, November2001.

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1.4 Methodology


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The Stage 1 Screening Assessment includes the following:

• A desk-based review of the qualifying features of the Lower River Shannon designated siteand the sensitivity of the features to disturbance;

• A desk-based review of the Caherconlish Waste Water Treatment Plant and the potentialimpacts the discharge could have on the designated site;

• An assessment on the likely impact of the Caherconlish Waste Water Treatment Plant on thedesignated site, using the screening matrix approach as recommended in the EC guidance;

• Consultation with the statutory environmental bodies on the potential impact of theCaherconlish Waste Water Treatment Plant using the screening matrix approach asrecommended in the EC guidance;

• Identify, as appropriate, the need for a Stage 2 Appropriate Assessment.

Appendix A provides a graphic representation of the Appropriate Assessment process.

The primary focus of the assessment will be in relation to the potential impact of the effluent dischargeon the aquatic environment and on the qualifying interests likely to be present in the vicinity of thedischarge.

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2 Description of the Project

2.1 Project Background


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The existing Caherconlish waste water treatment plant (WWTP) was commissioned in 2007 on a levelsite adjacent to the Groody River, approximately 400 m to the North East of the village, gird reference168250E 149700N. The location of the discharge from Caherconlish WWTP and the location of theLower River Shannon SAC is illustrated on the accompanying figure, Map 8 - Caherconlish:Designated Sites.

The primary discharge from the WWTP is to the Groody River (168303E 149754N). The GraodyRiver is not contained within a Natura 2000 site; however, the Graody River discharges into theLower River Shannon SAC approximately 13 km downstream of the discharge point.

The existing waste water treatment process comprises a conventional activated sludge system (withtwo aeration tanks operating in parallel, followed by a single common settlement tank). The aerationtanks are preceded by fine screening, storm water separation and grit removal. The aeration stage isfollowed by a tertiary treatment sand filter. This plant was designed to treat a population equivalent(PE) of2,500 (150 kg BOD/day) and with a design Dry Weather Flow (DWF) of 575 mJ/day.

The final effluent design limits are as follows:

BODSSN03NH3P

5 mg/l5 mg/I8 mg/l0.7 mg/l5 mg/l

The current flows and loads to Caherconlish WWTP are presented in Table 2.1.

Table 2.1: Current Flows and Loads

Contributing Flow BOD PESector (m3/d) (kg/d)

Domestic 155.55 62.22 1,037

Non Domestic 71.55 28.62 477

Infiltration 66.90 0.00 0

Total' 294.00 90.84 1,514

As part of the waste water discharge licence application, future loads and flows were estimated for2015 and are presented in Table 2.2.

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Table 2.2: Future Flows and Loads (2015)


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Contributing Flow BOD PESector (m3/d) (kg/d)

Domestic 211.20 84.48 1,408

Non Domestic 86.55 34.62 577

Infiltration 66.90 0.00 0

Total 364.65 119.10 1,985

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3 Characteristics of Natura 2000 Site

3.1 Habitats Directive - Annex I Habitats


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The site synopsis for the Lower River Shannon SAC (Site Code: 002165) is presented in Appendix C.

Annex I habitats for which the SAC site is designated includes lagoons, alluvial wet woodlands,floating river vegetation, Molinia meadows, estumies, reefs and large shallow inlets and bays.

3.2 Habitats Directive - Annex II Species

The Lower River Shannon SAC site is also selected for species Listed in Annex II of the HabitatsDirective: sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus), river lamprey (Lampetra fluviatilis), brook lamprey(Lampetra planeri), freshwater Pearl Mussel (Margaritifera margaritifera) , Atlantic salmon (Salmosalar), otter (Lutra lutra) and bottle-nosed dolphin (Tursiops truncatus).

3.3 Conservation Objectives

The draft conservation objectives for the Lower River Shannon SAC were obtained from the NPWSand outlined in Table 3.1 below.

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Table 3.1: Draft Conservation Objectives - Lower River Shannon SAC

OBJECTIVE NO. DESCRIPTION

l. To maintain the Annex I habitats for which the cSAC has been selected atfavourable conservation status: Large shallow inlets and bays; Estuaries;Salicornia and other annulas colomsing mud and sand; Vegetated sea cliffs ofthe Atlantic and Baltic coasts; MeditelTanean slat meadows (Juncetaliamaritimi); Coastal lagoons; Mudflats and sandflats not covered by seawater at

low tide; Atlantic salt meadows (Glauco-Puccinellietalia maritimae);Sandbanks which are slightly covered by sea water all the time; Reefs;Perennial vegetation of stony banks; Water courses of plain to montane levelswith the Ranunculion fluitantis and Callitricho-Batrachion vegetation; Moliniameadows on calcareous, peaty or clavey-silt-laden soils (Molimon caerulaeae);Alluvial forests with Alnus glutinosa and Fraxinus excelsior (Alno-Padion,Alnion incanae, Salicion albae).

2. To maintain the Annex II species for which the cSAC has been selected at

favourable conservation status: Lampetra fluviatilis, Lampetra planeri,Petromyzon marinus, Salma salar, Margaritifera margaritifera, Tursiapstruncates, Lutra lutra.

3. To maintain the extent, species richness and biodiversity of the entire site.

4. To establish effective liaison and co-operation with landowners, legal usersand relevant authorities.

3.4 Consultation with NPWS on Potential Impacts of the Development

A consultation letter was sent to the Development Applications Unit, Department of the Environment,Heritage and Local Government and to the National Parks and Wildlife Service. The responsereceived is presented in Appendix D. The main points to be addressed are as follows:

• The total loading from the WWTP to the river;

• The projected increase in loading over the life of the WWTP;

• Distance from the Natura 2000 site;

• Impacts at low river water levels;

• Possible mitigation measures (eg. Further treatment);

• Reasons for designation of the Natura 2000 site;

• Impacts on floating river vegetation, Atlantic salmon and three species of lamprey;

• Cumulative impacts on the Natura 2000 site.

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4 Potential Ecological Impacts and Significance

4.1 Sensitivity of Qualifying Interests


26268700007n.doc

The effluent from the Caherconlish WWTP is not directly discharging to the Natura 2000 site;however, the water receiving the effluent does discharge into the Lower River Shannon SACapproximately 13 km downstream of the discharge point. Thus the qualifying features of the Natura2000 site are limited to aquatic species which may occur downstream of the discharge point.

Freshwater pearl mussel are not present within the Groody River catchment or downstream of thedischarge and therefore are not considered further in tbis assessment. Bottlenose dolphins are presentin the Shannon estuary which is located a significant distance downstream of the Caherconlish WWTPand are considered outside of the scope ofthis assessment.

The qualifying features which are considered to be sensitive with regard to the discharge from thetreatment plant are floating river vegetation, brook, river and sea lamprey; Atlantic salmon and otter.

Detailed accounts of the qualifying features are presented in Appendix B, with brief synopsesprovided hereunder.

(i) Ranunculion fluitantis and Callitricho-Batrachion Vegetation

Flow regimes and water quality are the most significant factors in determining species composition ofthis vegetation type, in particular alkalinity, pH and suspended solids. The effects of reduced waterquality are exacerbated during times of low flow. Silt-rich sediments retain heavy metals and nutrientssuch as nitrogen and phosphorus leading to direct toxic effects and eutrophication conditions. Thegrowth of benthic algae in eutrophic waters can hinder the spring growth of macrophytes. During lowflows, the proportion of point-source silt increases and nutrient-rich sediments can accumulate ifwinter flushing is low. Plants growing in nutrient-rich sediments tend to have shorter shoots andweaker roots, and can be prone to washout during spates. Additionally, Ranunculus seeds will notsurvive in the anoxic conditions that develop within organic sediments and can be lost when the silt isflushed out by high flows. Both point source and diffuse pollution can reduce the success ofRanunculus communities and result in invasion by species such as Potamogeton pectinatus andElodea spp.

(ii) Brook, river and sea lamprey

Lamprey are susceptible to disturbance and pollution at any stage during the life cycle. They are mostoften disturbed during spawning, when the normally nocturnal adults will openly congregate, often inshallow water and can be vulnerable to a number of natural predators. After spawning the eggs can bedisturbed during incubation and the juveniles in silt beds are also vulnerable to disturbance.

River cleaning and channel maintenance have the potential to significantly impact on lamprey as reddsstructures buried in gravels can be disrupted. Juvenile lampreys require silt habitats and removal of siltdirectly impacts juvenile lamprey.

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Physical obstructions such as weirs impact on lamprey, in particular sea lamprey, as sea lampreymigrate for spawning during times of low flow compared with river lamprey which migrate duringautumn when water levels are higher and use the elevated water levels to ascend weirs.

It is generally accepted that deterioration in water quality is likely to impact lamprey survival. Poorwater quality can act as a barrier to migration. Both spawning and nursery habitats can be adverselyaffected by the direct toxic impacts of pollution from agriculture, industry, road and other hard surfacerun-off, and from the smothering effect of increased suspended solids and from algae and bacterialproduction resulting from any subsequent eutrophication. Eutrophication may also result in anoxicconditions within the larval burrows which, if persistent for more than a few hours, require the larvaeto evacuate or die. However, 0' Connor (2007) found lamprey in rivers with Q values of as low as 2.

(iii) Atlantic salmon

Salmon are susceptible to disturbance and pollution at any stage during their life cycle. They are mostoften disturbed during spawning, when the adults will openly congregate, often in shallow water andcan be vulnerable to a number of natural predators. After spawning the eggs can be disturbed duringincubation and the juveniles are also vulnerable to disturbance.

Salmon are susceptible to deteriorating water quality as a result of both direct point-source dischargesand diffuse or non-point-source pollution.

(iv) Otter

Otters are subject to pressures from terrestrial and aquatic sources. Aquatic pressures are onlyconsidered here as it is the discharge from the WWTP that is being assessed. Otters have not beenshown to be particularly sensitive to pollution, unless the pollution comprises toxic chemicals such aspolychlorinated biphenols, however, it is also clear from the experience in Britain that when waterquality and terrestrial habitat needs are met, this species is capable of strong and sustained populationexpansion.

4.2 Potential Changes as a Result of the Development

There are no direct impacts on the Natura 2000 site as the Lower River Shannon SAC IS

approximately 13 km downstream from the discharge point in Caherconlish.

Indirect impacts arising from the discharge include an increase in BOD, suspended solids and nutrientsin the Groody River which may impact on species downstream of the discharge.

As part of the waste water discharge licence application, grab samples of the effluent and of thereceiving water were taken and assimilative capacity calculations conducted to ascertain if there issufficient assimilative capacity in the Groody River. Ammonia, orthophosphate and BOD were foundto be elevated in the Groody River compared with the new Environmental Quality Standards (EQS) inthe European Communities Environmental Objectives (Surface Waters) Regulations 2009 (S.l. no. 272of 2009). However, the concentration of BOD and nutrients in the effluent were within the designstandards referred to in Section 2.1. The assimilative capacity calculations that were conducted as partof the licence application are detailed below. The dry weather flow is used in calculations fordangerous substances to asses impacts on water quality during low river water levels.

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Mott MacDonald Ireland Ltd,Limerick County Council

26268700007n.doc

As the WWTP discharge is to the Groody River, ca. 13 km upstream of the SAC, there is additionaldilution of the discharge prior to entering the SAC. The Lower River Shannon is tidal at this point andtherefore there is no flow monitoring at this location. The last station on the Groody River prior todischarging into the River Shannon is station 25012. The EPA has estimated the 95%ile flow of theGroody River at station 25012 as being 0.065 m3/sec. Therefore there is additional dilution of thedischarge within the River Groody downstream of the discharge and prior to discharging into the SAC.

Based on the treatment standards of the discharge and the increased dilution available prior to theRiver Groody discharging into the SAC, significant impacts are not anticipated on the qualifyingfeatures of the SAC.

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0.002

0.021

0.005

0.0034027 I


26268700007n.doc

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"

I'~} ,~ Hardness ~100mg/l CaC03 ....... 4.5 < pH < 9.0;pH 8.000 7.700 '4 , Hardness> 100ma/l CaC03 ....... 6 < oH < 9.0 pH unitj

Temperature 5.600 7.900 .~ I~ < 1.5°C rise in ambient temp dIs of discharqe °c,.,.Electrical Conductivity (@25 °C) 349.000 603.000 2,500 (OW Dir) ~S/cm

Hardness (as CaC03):

184.786 279.309 No EQS

~ 1.3 (mean) or ~ 2.2 (95%ile) - High StatusBiochemical Oxygen Demand 2.000 mall 95%ile 4.000 mg/l 2.810 mqll fl . ~ 1.5 (mean) or ~ 2.6 (95%ile) - Good Status mg/l

.-

i"" .~~'Chemical Oxvaen Demand 8.000 mqll 95%ile 8.000 mg/l I~ ';;:8.000 mg/l No EQS

Dissolved Oxvaen 9.330 mq/l 95%ile 7.020 mg/l, ',~ 8.395 mall I'~"'~~ 95%ile> 80% saturation and 95%ile < 120% saturation

Nitrite (as N) 0.018 mg/l~'

mg/l'~iil-

95%ile 0.035 mg/l , 0.025 NoEQS

Nitrate (as N) 0.907 mq/l 95%i1e 4.390 mgll ,1 2.317 mall I·.~ ;,~ No EQS (50 mallOW Dir) mg/l

Total Nitrogen 1.000 mall 95%ile 7.000 mall 3.430 mall '.i~~ No EQS (0.5 mall OW Oir) mqllOf'"'

~I H;gh Slalu, "".04 (mean) 0' 'O.Og (g5%He)Ammonia 0.084 mq/l 95%ile 0.039 mg/l 0.066 mall Good Status <0.065 (mean) or <0.14 (95%ile) mgll

Suspended Solids 18.000 mall 95%ile 2.000 mall

';J~11.521 mall I No EQS

Total Phosphorus (as P) 0.230 mall 95%ile 1.400 mqll 0.704 mall '". No EQS,~ <0.025 (mean) 0' <0.045 (95%He) - H;gh Stalu,

t .'!,j '" \ ~ 0.035 (mean) or ~ 0.075 (95%ile) - Good StatusOrthophosphate (as P) - unfiltered * 0.048 mq/l Median 0.835 mg/l .A 0.158 mall : Phosohorus Reaulations - 0.03 reauired mgll~.~

'.'\':< No EQS (250 mallOW Dir)Sulphate 13.400 95%ile 48.400 mall t· 27.573 mall,

Phenols (sum) ua/l..,~

,iJ!0.500 OWF 0.500 Jjq/l 0.500 Jjq/l AA - 8; MAC - 46 ~qll

ua/l' , "'" "I

Atrazine 0.010 OWF 0.010 Jjq/l 0.010 uqll .. ,\ AA - 0.6; MAC - 2.0 ~q/l

Dichloromethane 5.000 Jja/l OWF 5.000 ~q/l- :,t, .<V;,,?'

5.000 ~g/l [~ AA - 20; MAC - N/A ~g/l

"'·;,,:,:li.Simazine 0.010 Jja/l OWF 0.010 ~q/l ·10.010 ~q/l . AA - 1; MAC - 4 \.Iq/l

Toluene 0.100 Jjqll DWF 0.100 ~g/lI'~ ',.

0.100 ~g/l AA - 10; MAC - NIA ~911

Tributyltin5 0.020 ~q/l OWF 0.020 ~g/l

r~.0.020 ua/l ','~ AA - 0.0002; MAC - 0.0015 \JaIl

Xylenes 0.100 uall OWF 0.100 Jjoll . s 0.100 ua/l .J AA - 10; MAC - NIA Jjq/l

"": ,.'Arsenic 0.444 uall DWF 0.745 Jjq/l 0.633 uq/l AA- 25 \Jq/l

l: ('J

Chromium III AA - 4.7; MAC - 32Chromium 1.000 \Jq/l OWF 1.000 "9nm!~ 1.000 !JaIl "',-~ Chromium VI AA - 3.4; MAC - N/A Jja/l

"t~

~g/l k1:":~ -<.p' I'~}';'AA - 5 (hardness ~ 100;

Copper 3.000 ~q/l OWF 3.000 3.000 I-lg/I 30 (hardness> 100 mall CaC03 \.19/1

Cyanide 5.000 ua/l OWF 5.000 \.Ig/I I.! 5.000 !JaIlI"';;'

AA .. 10; MAC - N/A \JaIl

Fluoride 0.100 mall OWF 0.100 mall 0.100 uq/l I;f AA - 500; MAC - N/A Jjqll

Lead 0.331 ua/l DWF 0.300 \Jq/l ,,(' 0.312 Jjq/l AA - 7.2; MAC - NIA uqll

Nickel 1.920 Jja/l DWF 0.876 \Jq/lI'~;"$

1.263 ~gll AA - 20; MAC - N/A ~g/l

l.:f.V AA - 8 (hardness ~10 mg/l); MAC - NIA50 (hardness> 10:5 100 mgll); MAC - NIA

Zinc 8.119 uall OWF 0.803 Jja/l . '.fu,~ 3.511 Jja/l 100 (> 100 mq/l); MAC - N/A \Jq/l

Boron 0.020 mall OWF 0.101 mq/l 0.071 mq/l No EQS (1000 in OW Regs) ~q/l

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r<J'~ . J;f ::; 0.08 (hardness <40mg/I); MAC::; 0.45

,i,

0.08 (hardness 40 to <50); MAC - 0.45~ :1 ~.

{ ,;, 'i 0.09 (hardness 50 to <100); MAC - 0.6

.' 0.15 (hardness 100 to < 200); MAC - 0.9Cadmium 0.100 IJ~/I OWF 0.100 IJ~/I Itl . 11" 0.100 IJ~/I

, ;.~,0.25 (hardness 2: 200); MAC - 1.5 IJCJ/I

Mercurl 0.200 IJCJ/I OWF 0.200 IJCJ/I ,~. ~ 0.200 IJq/1 AA - 0.05; MAC - 0.07 IJq/1;.:' ".Selenium 0.201 IJCJ/I OWF 0.803 IJ~/I

~

'" 0.580 IJCJ/I No EQS (10 in OW Reqs) IJCJ/I_·.'<?r;~ "

Barium 58.380 I-Ig/I OWF 48.970 I-Ig/I 52.453 IJg/l .,)~ No EQS (500 OW Re~s); 100 SW Reqs) IJ~/I

1 Published DWF (EPA)2 Estimated median using ESBI/EPA hydrometric tool3 Published 95%ile flow (EPA).4 Results below the limit of detection « LOD) are presented as the actual value5 The AA and MAC are below the LOD

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4.3 Assessment of Impacts on Qualifying Interests

Ranunculion jl.uitantis and Callitricho-Batrachion Vegetation


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The two main threats to this type of plant community listed in Hatton-Ellis and Grieve (2003) aredecreases in flow and increases in siltation. An increase in suspended solids could therefore cause adecline in cover. Based on the grab sample taken for the purpose of the licence application, suspendedsolids concentration was low in the effluent (2mg/l) and the design standard for the WWTP is 5 mg/l.Due to the low concentration of suspended solids in the discharge, impacts on floating river vegetationare not anticipated.

Sea, river and brook lamprey

Sea lamprey, river lamprey and brook lamprey are considered together here due to their similarsensitivities. These species could be impacted by water pollution and increased siltation. It is generallyaccepted that deterioration in water quality is likely to impact lamprey survival.

Based on the grab samples taken as part of the licence application, the effluent is being treated to ahigh standard and the concentration of BOD and nutrients in the effluent is very low. Therefore it isunlikely that the discharge from the WWTP is impacting significantly on the downstream populationsof lamprey species.

The following are the design limits of the Caherconlish WWTP:

BOD-5 mg/l

P - 5 mg/l

SS - 5 mg/l

NH3 - 0.7 mg/l

N03 - 0.035 mg/l

Atlantic Salmon

Atlantic salmon are sensitive to high suspended solids which may affect feeding behaviour and chokethe fish. The WWTP discharges suspended solids at a concentration of less than 5 mg/l which issignificantly less than the limit of 25 mg/l set out in the Quality of Salmonid Waters Regulations andtherefore there are no significant impacts expected on Atlantic salmon as a result of the discharge fromthe Caherconlish WWTP.

Otter

Otter are relatively adaptable to changes in water quality, providing that the changes are not incombination with other sources of pollution and that the food supply is not affected. Based on the highstandard of treated effluent discharging to the River Groody, it is unlikely that otters would beimpacted by the discharge.

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4.4 Cumulative Impacts


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In terms of the discharge from the WWTP, the best available technology is used to treat the effluent toa high standard prior to discharge. An activated sludge system is employed and treats the effluent to a

very high standard.

The 95%ile flow of the Groody River upstream of the discharge point is O.005m3/sec, however, theflow in the Groody increases to O.065m3/sec prior to discharging into the Lower River Shannon SAC.Therefore there is increased dilution available downstream of the discharge in the River Groody.

The SAC is located a considerable distance downstream of the Caherconlish discharge (13 km). Basedon the high quality effluent being discharge and the distance between the SAC and the discharge andthe increased dilution of the discharge downstream in the River Groody, it is considered that the SACis outside the zone of impact of the discharge and no significant cumulative impacts on the qualifyingfeatures of the SAC are anticipated.

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5 Conclusions and Recommendations


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The WWTP in Caherconlish is designed to treat 2,500 P.E. Currently the WWTP is treating 1,514 PEand this is estimated to increase to 1,985 PE in 2015. Therefore there is sufficient capacity in theWWTP to treat the future population in Caherconlish.

Treated wastewater from Caherconlish WWTP is not discharged directly to the Lower River ShannonSAC, it is discharged to the River Groody which discharges into the Lower River Shannonapproximately 13 km downstream.

No significant impacts from the discharge are anticipated on the downstream SAC as the treatedeffluent from the WWTP is treated to a high standard prior to discharge to the River Groody. Alsothere is greater dilution available downstream in the River Groody prior to the discharge into the SAC.

Regular monitoring of the effluent discharge and water quality in the River Groody will ensure thatany deterioration in water quality is detected at the earliest possible stage. In the event that water andeffluent quality deteriorates, measures will be taken to improve the treatment standard of the effluent.This will ensure that no significant impacts will affect the Natura 2000 site.

As no significant impacts on the Lower River Shannon SAC are anticipated as a result of the dischargefrom Caherconlish WWTP, a Stage 2 Appropriate Assessment is not required.

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6 Stage 1 Screening Matrix

Table 6.1: Habitats Screening Matrix

Plan Background


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Briefdescription ofthe project or plan • Existing WWTP and discharge

Natura 2000 SiteBriefdescription ofthe Natura 2000 site • The Lower River Shannon SAC IS of

International importance. The SAC IS

selected for the following Annex I habitats:

- lagoons, alluvial wet woodlands, floatingriver vegetation, Molinia meadows,estuaries, reefs and large shallow inletsand bays.

• Annex II species for which the SAC has beenselected are as follows:

• Sea lamprey, river lamprey, brook lamprey,bottle-nosed dolphin, freshwater pearlmussel, Atlantic salmon and otter.

Assessment CriteriaDescribe the individual elements oftheproject (either alone or in combination withother plans or projects) likely to give rise toimpacts on the Natura 2000 site.

Describe any likely direct, indirect orsecondary impacts ofthe project (eitheralone or in combination with other plans orprojects) on the Natura 2000 site by virtueofSize and scaleLand-takeDistance from the Natura 2000 site or keyfeatures ofthe siteResource requirements (water abstractionetc)Emissions (disposal to land, water or air)Excavation requirementsTransportation requirementsDuration ofconstruction, operation,decommissioning etcOtherDescribe any likely changes to the sitearising as a result ofReduction in habitat areaDisturbance to key speciesHabitat or species fragmentationReduction in species densityChanges in key indicators ofconservationvalue (water quality etc)

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• Discharge of treated waste water to the RiverGroody which discharges to the Lower RiverShannon SAC ca. 13 km downstream of thedischarge.

• Increase in BOD and nutrient loadings in thefuture

• Due to the distance from the discharge to thesite it is not anticipated that the continueddischarge from the WWTP will impact on theNatura 2000 site or key features of the site

• The flow will mcrease from 294 m3/day(current) to 364.65 m3/day (2015)

• The WWTP and effluent outfall have beenpreviously constructed and the WWTP IS

currently discharging to the Groody River. Inthe future there will be an increase in flowsand loads to the Groody River whichdischarges into the Lower River ShannonSAC ca. 13 km downstream

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Climate change • Effluent monitoring and river water qualitymonitoring will ensure that water quality isdoes not deteriorate in the River Groody

Describe any likely impacts on the Natura • It is not likely that there will be any2000 site as a whole in terms of interference with the key relationships thatInterference with the key relationships that define and determine the ecology anddefine the structure ofthe site dynamics of the Natura 2000 siteInterference with key relationships thatdefine the/unction ofthe site.Provide indicators ofsignificance as a • There is no anticipated disturbance to the keyresult ofthe identification ofeffects set out elements of the Natura 2000 siteabove in .terms of

Effluent monitoring and river water qualityLoss; •Fragmentation; monitoring will ensure that the WWTP is

Disruption operating within the design limits and that

Disturbance water quality is not significantly impacted by

Change to key elements ofthe site the continued discharge from the WWTP

Describe from the above those elements of • Significant adverse impacts are not expectedthe project or plan, or combination of as a result of the dischargeelements, where the above impacts arelikely to be significant or where the scale ormaf{nitude ofimpacts is not known.

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Table 6.2: Habitats Directive Finding of No Significant Effects Matrix

Plan BackgroundName ofthe project or plan Caherconlish WWTP and discharge

Name and location ofthe Natura 2000 site Lower River Shannon SAC, 13 kIn downstream ofCaherconlish, Co. Limerick

Description ofthe project or plan The WWTP and discharge outfall are existingstructures.The plan/project here relates to the continueddischarge of treated effluent to the Groody River(Lower River Shannon SAC is located ca. 13 kmdownstream of the discharge point

Is the project or plan directly connected with Noor necessary to the management ofthe site(provide details)?

Are there other projects or plans that together None knownwith the project or plan being assessed couldaffect the site (provide details)?

The Assessment of Significance of EffectsDescribe how the project or plan (alone or in Treated wastewater from Caherconlish dischargescombination) is likely to affect the Natura into the Groody River, which in turn discharges into2000 site. the Lower River Shannon SAC (ca. 13 km

downstream)Explain why these effects may be considered It IS not considered that these effects will besiKn~ficant. significantList ofagencies consulted: provide contact Development Applications Unit,name and telephone or email address. Department of the Envirorunent, Heritage and Local

GoverrunentDun SceineHarcourt LaneDublin 2.

Divisional EcologistNational Parks and Wildlife Service7 Eastgate AvenueEastgateLittle IslandCo. Cork.

Response to consultation. None received to dateData collected to carry out the assessment

Who carried out the Sources ofdata Level ofassessment Where can the full results ofassessment? completed the assessment be accessed

and viewed?Mott MacDonald National Parks and Stage 1 ScreeningIreland Ltd. Wildlife Service

Limerick CountyCouncil

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Appendix A Appropriate Assessment Process

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Appendix B Descriptions of Relevant Qualifying Interests

B.1 Ranunculion f1uitantis and Callitricho-Batrachion vegetation

Ranunculion flu itantis and Callitricho-Batrachion communities are present in a wide range of flowingwaters and are characterised by the presence and abundance of Ranunculus species and theirassociation with other aquatic plants. Watercourses of plain to montane levels containing submergedor floating vegetation of Ranunculion fluitantis and Callitricho-Batrachion (low water level duringsummer) or aquatic mosses are referred to as 'Habitat 3260' under the EUNIS classification schemeand listed as a priority habitat type under Annex II of the EU Habitats Directive (92/43/EEC).

As a result of their varied composition, the habitat of these communities display a broad range ofenvironmental parameters and the associated plant communities vary considerably depending on localenvironmental conditions and disturbance regimes. Understanding of the ecological tolerances ofplant assemblages is far from comprehensive (Hatton-Ellis and Grieve, 2003). Mony et al.. (2006)

found it nearly impossible to describe detailed environmental parameters for ensuring a healthyRanunculus habitat.

The review carried out by Hatton-Ellis and Grieve (2003) as part of the Natura 2000 series remains themost comprehensive assessments of the ecological sensitivity of these communities to date. It is fromthis document (unless otherwise stated) that the following information is taken.

A number of interacting factors are known to influence the success of macrophyte communities.Physical channel characteristics, water flow (volume and velocity), depth, competition, grazing,substrate, siltation, suspended solids, water quality, light and temperature, are considered to beimportant factors controlling the distribution and health of Ranunculus communities. These factorsare in tum influenced to varying degrees by natural climatic cycles, abstraction, point and diffusepollution and channel and vegetation management.

Water Quality Requirements

Water quality (particularly phosphorus and nitrates) strongly influences the species compOSitIOn,extent and condition of riverine plant communities. Key parameters influencing distribution and healthinclude alkalinity, pH, nitrate, phosphate, potassium and suspended solids. Life in UK Rivers (2003)suggests that chemical and biological water quality should be at least a GQA grade B for conditions tobe favourable and that unnaturally high loads of suspended solids are absent. For chalk rivers anecosystem target for phosphate has been set with 0.06 mg/l proposed as the criteria for phosphorus.

Siltation and high sediment loads lead to the accumulation of deep silt deposits on the channel bed andwill also reduce the quality and quantity of available light. Aquatic plants are extremely effective attrapping suspended silt and increasing localised accumulation. Ranunculus species are not able tovary their rooting level in response to increased silt, and become smothered.

Silt-rich sediments retain heavy metals and nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus leading to directtoxic effects and eutrophication conditions. The growth of benthic algae in eutrophic waters canhinder the spring growth of macrophytes. During low flows, the proportion of point-source siltincreases and nutrient-rich sediments can accumulate if winter flushing is low. Plants growing innutrient-rich sediments tend to have shorter shoots and weaker roots, and can be prone to washoutduring spates. Additionally, Ranunculus species seeds will not survive in the anoxic conditions thatdevelop within organic sediments and they too can be lost when the silt is flushed out by high flows.

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Both point and diffuse pollution can reduce the success of Ranunculus communities and result ininvasion by species such as Potamogeton pectinatus and Elodea spp.

Physical Habitat Requirements

Similarly to water quality, the physical nature of the channel is crucial to maintammg healthycommunities. River flow and channel structure and management exert great influence over thesuccess of the Ranunculion fluitantis and Callitricho-Batrachion habitat type.

Flow Regime

Flow regime (volume, velocity and depth) and the influence of climatic forces are important factorsgoveming the extent and condition of Ranunculus communities. River flow influences a range offactors critical to the habitat including velocity, depth, wetted area, channel morphology and substratequality, dissolved oxygen levels and water temperature. A naturalised flow regime is required for plantcommunities and channel geomorphology to be in favourable condition. Increased flow and turbulenceimproves the exchange of gases and nutrients, reduces the growth of epiphytes and increasesphotosynthesis. Water quantity has a major influence on water quality through effluent dilution,oxygenation levels and sediment removal capacity. The effects seem to be greatest at times of lowflow, when problems due to excess sediment or nutrients will be exacerbated.

Alterations to flow regime can change the composition of substrate in response to different hydraulicforces and energy. A clean substrate is an important part of the river habitat associated withRanunculus communities. Life in UK Rivers (2003) suggests 90% of naturalised daily mean flowshould remain within the river throughout the year if conditions are to be favourable for Ranunculuscommunities. Ideally flow should be sufficient to ensure substrates are dominated by clean gravels. Itis vital that base flows experienced during the summer and flushing flows experienced during spatesbased on natural processes are maintained.

Channel Structure

Ideally the structure of the channel should include all features necessary for Ranunculus communitiesto thrive. The channel should have stable flows and substrates dominated by sand, gravels and pebblesto ensure that non-native and/or uncharacteristic species do not thrive. R. penicillatus ssp.pseudofluitans prefers a dynamic flow regime characterised by riffle/run habitats. Plants will coloniseareas with suitable conditions and may then modify the local environment by their presence. This isparticularly true of Ranunculus species in low-energy chalk streams, which have less physicaldiversity than other river types due to the more stable flow regime.

Life in UK Rivers (2003) suggests that over widening, deepening or artificial reinforcements are notconducive to providing favourable conditions for Ranunculus communities and that channel structureshould be appropriate to naturalised flow conditions. Any restoration work should be geared towardsreturning the channel to a characteristic state utilising materials and methods typical of the localenvironment.

Appropriate levels of shading vary greatly both within and among Ranunculus communities. Marginalcommunities on large rivers may be significantly affected and in smaller rivers a 'tunnel vegetation'may develop, usually excluding Ranunculus communities. Removal of tree cover in upstream areasmay significantly harm aquatic communities downstream by increasing silt and nutrient inputs.

Substantive Threats

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The principle threat to the Ranunculion fluitantis and Callitricho-Batrachion habitat type are decreasesin flow and increase in siltation. For instance, increases in abstraction in the upper catchment(combined with low rainfall) have resulted in a decline in Ranunculus cover within the River ItchenSSSI since 1990: Low flows have exacerbated the influence of point source nutrient impacts andalgae and nutrient tolerant macrophytes have increased at the expense of Ranunculus beds (NaturalEngland, 200 l).

References

HaUon-Ellis TW & Grieve N (2003). Ecology of Watercourses Characterised by Ranunculionfluitantis and Callitricho-Batrachion Vegetation. Conserving Natura 2000 Rivers Ecology Series No.11 . English Nature, Peterborough.

Life in UK Rivers (2003). Monitoring Watercourses Characterised by Ranunculion fluitantis andCallitricho-Batrachion Vegetation Communities. Conserving Natura 2000 Rivers Monitoring SeriesNo. 11, English Nature, Peterborough.

Mony c., Mony J.F., Thiebaut, G. & Muller, S. 2006. Floristic and ecological diversity of Ranunculusaquatic habitats in the sub-Atlantic range: implications for conservation. Biodiversity andConservation 153383-3400.

Natural England, (2001). SSSI citation fornature.org.uk/SpecialJsssi/sssi_ details.cfm?sssi id=2000227

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B.2 Brook Lamprey, River Lamprey and Sea Lamprey


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Three lamprey species occur in Ireland: sea lamprey, river lamprey and brook lamprey. All threespecies are listed under Armex II of the EU Habitats Directive, which requires member states todesignate SACs for their protection. The juvenile or amrnocoete stages of all three species constructburrows in river sediment and feed on organic material. After metamorphosis, both the river and sealamprey migrate downstream to the sea, where they feed on fish. Brook lamprey do not migrate andthe adults do not feed (Igoe et aI, 2004).

Brook lamprey are the only non-anadromous, non-parasitic lamprey found in Ireland. As a result ofdecline in some parts of its European range (Kelly" and King, 2001; JNCC 2006) the brook lamprey islisted in Annexes IIa and Va of the EU Habitats Directive. It is also listed in Appendix III of the BernConvention and as a Long List Species in the UK Biodiversity Action Plan. mCN lists Lampetraplaneri as 'Least Concern'. It is likely that book lamprey occur in most catchments throughout Ireland(Igoe et aI, 2004).

River lamprey are found in coastal waters, estuaries and accessible rivers. The species is normallyanadromous (spawning in freshwater but completing part of the life cycle in the sea). Pollution orartificial obstacles such as weirs or dams can impede migration. The mCN lists river lamprey(Lampetra fluviatilis) as 'Least Concern'.

Sea lamprey are the largest of the lamprey species ad are listed as 'Least Concern' by the IUCN. Thespecies occurs in estuaries and easily accessible rivers and is anadromous. Like other species oflamprey, sea lamprey require clean gravel for spawning and marginal silt or sand for the burrowingjuvenile amrnocoetes.

The information below mainly relates to brook lamprey. However, many of the requirements andpotential impacts at stages during the life cycle are appropriate for all three species.

Distribution

Brook lamprey occur only in freshwater in streams and occasionally lakes in northwest Europe,particularly in basins associated with the North and Baltic Seas (Maitland, 2003; JNCC, 2006).

River lamprey are found only in western Europe, where they have a wide distribution from southernNorway to the western Mediterranean.

Sea lamprey have a preference for warmer waters in which to spawn. In comparison to river lamprey,sea lamprey are relatively poor at ascending obstacles to migration and are frequently restricted to thelower reaches of rivers.

Life History

The environmental requirements of brook lamprey relate to life stage (the spawning areas and nurseryhabitat) therefore an appreciation of life history is crucial when considering potential impacts on brooklamprey populations.

Brook lamprey spawn when the water temperature is in the range of 10-11 °C which usually occursbetween March and April (Kelly and King, 2001). Metamorphosed adults emerge from the silts in

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which they burrow and begin migrating upstream to spawning grounds. Suitable spawning groundscontain clean gravel beds in shallow (0.03-0.3 m) possibly shaded waters, with soft marginal silt orsand and where the current is not too strong (O'Connor, 2004). Such areas exist at the lower ends ofpools, where the water breaks into a riffle (Maitland, 1980, Maitland and Campbell, 1992) and ateddies or backwaters, on the inside of bends or behind obstructions, where current velocity is belowthat of the main stream and where organic material tends to accumulate (Hardisty and Potter 1971 b).

The spawning/hatching season extends from March or April until June (Kelly and King, 2001; SNH,2006), after which the young distribute themselves by drifting downstream to suitable areas of siltysand where they burrow and develop for around 6 years before metamorphosing. During this time thelarvae filter feed on fine organic particles, such as diatoms and other algae, as well as protozoa anddetritus, from the surface of the silt around the mouths of the burrows.

Following metamorphosis the adults migrate upstream, usually nocturnally and possibly to their natalarea (Maitland, 2003). Distances travelled vary and may be considerable (Hardisty and Potter 1971 b)or be less than lkm (Kelly and King, 2001). However, it is thought to vary with the character of thestream and its gradient (Hardisty and Potter, 1971a). Upstream migration enables the adults to findsuitable habitat for spawning whilst also allowing for the downstream drift of the larval populationafter hatching and during the larval phase into the slower currents and more silted habitats of the midand lower river reaches (Kelly and King, 200 I).

In the British Isles the average life expectancy of the brook lamprey ranges from six to seven years(Maitland, 2004; O'Connor, 2004) with the majority of this time spent in larval form (SNH, 2006;Maitland, 2003; Kelly and King, 2001). The suitability of available habitat is as important toammocoetes as it is to spawning adults, since the majority of this life stage is spent sedentary withinburrows in silt or sand. Anunocoetes possess light sensitive cells in the skin and are negativelyphototactic1. If disturbed, the ammocoetes will swim around rapidly until finding suitable silt in whichto burrow and into which they can disappear in a matter of seconds (Maitland, 2003).

Brook lamprey are most often disturbed during spawning, when the normally nocturnal adults willopenly congregate, often in shallow water, and can be vulnerable to a number of natural predators suchas fish, birds and mammals. Spawning takes place over a limited period (between March and April)and it is during this time that brook lamprey are at their most sensitive. After spawning the eggs can bedisturbed during incubation by physical disturbance to spawning grounds, and the juveniles in silt bedsare also vulnerable. Anunocoetes remain present in the nursery areas all year round and arepermanently vulnerable to disturbance.

Critical environmental requirements for the brook lamprey relate to suitable water quality andfavourable physical conditions.


The impact of water quality on the brook lamprey has not been comprehensively quantified in theliterature, possibly because incidence of poor water quality frequently coincides with poor physicalhabitat and (in the field at least) the impacts cannot be considered in isolation. Available informationrelates primarily to oxygen and temperature requirements (Damas, 1950; Potter et at, 1970, 1986; Hilland Potter, 1970; Kelly and King, 200 I, Bond, 2003).

1 Movement in response to light.

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It is generally accepted that deterioration in water quality is likely to impact lamprey smvival (Bond,2001; Maitland, 2003; Igoe, et al., 2004; O'Connor, 2004; Reynolds, 2004; SNH, 2006). Poor waterquality can act as a barrier to migration. Both spawning and nursery habitats can be adversely affectedby the direct toxic impacts of pollution from agriculture, industry, road and other hard surface run-off,and from the smothering effect of increased suspended solids and from algae and bacterial productionresulting from any subsequent eutrophication (Bond, 2001). Events such as eutrophication may alsoresult in anoxic conditions within the larval burrows which, if persistent for more than a few hours,require the larvae to evacuate or die (Potter et al., 1970, 1986).


Sites that hold healthy populations of brook lamprey contain clean water and suitable areas of thegravels, silt or sand required for spawning (JNCC, 2006). According to Maitland (2003), the physicalrequirements of brook lamprey relate to the spawning areas and nursery habitat. Two different types ofhabitat are required during the brook lamprey's life cycle; therefore the success of the spawningpopulations is dependant upon sufficient in-stream habitat diversity. The adults breed in pits excavatedin clean gravel beds and the juveniles live buried in silt beds, usually at the river edge or behindboulders.

Flow Regime

Brook lamprey have a basic need for suitable water volume to ensure sufficient water quality andquantity and to enable both upstream migration to spawning grounds and downstream dispersal tonursery areas. Spate flows may prove impassable to upstream migrants if they are too strong for theadults to negotiate. Low flows may prevent passage upstream over shallow areas, may exacerbate theimpact of poor water quality (Maitland, 2003), increase temperatures and cause desiccation or increasesiltation in spawning areas (Bond, 2001).

Gradient and flow characteristics are paramount in determining the location of spawning grounds andnursery areas and the distribution of amrnocoetes within the channel. Brook lamprey use both slowand fast flowing areas of the river during their life cycle: adults breed in faster-flowing areas which aresufficiently well-oxygenated to nourish eggs and the juveniles live in reaches with sufficiently slowflowing water to allow deposition of silt and sand. The primary requirement is that both habitats areavailable and that they are within close proximity of one another. Therefore, if a river is to supportbrook lamprey it follows that it must be of suitable gradient to provide the diversity of flow regimes.

Whilst attempts have been made at quantifying the specific hydrological requirements of the brooklamprey, there is a lack of both reliable and of recent data, highlighting gaps in the current knowledgebase.

Channel Substrate and Structure

Stream gradient, water velocity and substrate composition are intrinsically linked in river systems.The distribution of different substrate types is determined by in channel velocities. As for thehydrological requirements, the size and composition of substrate plays an important role indetermining the suitability of spawning and juvenile habitat. The fast flowing areas utilised forspawning are characterised by relatively coarse, clean gravels. The slower flowing juvenile areas arecharacteristically dominated by fine sediments such as silt and sand.

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Caherconlish Waste Water Treatment PlantAppropriate AssessmentStage J Screening Assessment

Substantive Threats


26268700007n.doc

Pressures on the brook lamprey come from water pollution, water resources, land-use and riverengineering. Habitat juxtaposition is crucial in allowing brook lamprey to move easily from onehabitat to another during their life cycle. Adequate consideration should be given to the need for siltbeds in slower-flowing reaches by juveniles when considering the consequences of work affecting theriver, as should the need for flows suitable (2 mls) for upstream migration (Maitland, 2003). Anybarrier (chemical or physical) which prevents migration between juvenile habitat and spawning areasand vice versa should be avoided. So too, should any action that widens, deepens and/or straightensthe channel or which removes refugia or shading resulting in a reduction in the diversity of habitatavailable.

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References


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Bond, L. (2001). Brook, River and Sea Lamprey Action Plan. LIFE Freshwater and Wetland WorkingGroup. 5. 5pp.

Bond, L. (2003). The Endrick Water cSAC Conservation Strategy. Conserving Natura 2000 Rivers.English Nature, Peterborough. 56pp.

Chapman, D.W. (1988). Critical review of variables used to define effects of fines in redds of largesalmonids. Transactions of the American Fish Society 117, 1-21.

NPWS. Conservation Status Assessment Report, River Lamprey (Lampetrafluviatilis) 1099/ BrookLamprey (L. planeri) 1096 and Sea Lamprey (Petromyzon marinum) 1095; www.npws.ie

Crisp, D.T. and Carling, P. (1989). Observations on siting, dimensions and structure of salmonidredds. Journal ofFish Biology 34, 119-134.

Damas, H. (1950). La ponte en aquarium des lamproies fluviatiles et de planer. Ann. Soc. R. Zool.Belg.81,151-162.

Davies, C.E.; Shelley, J.; Harding, P.T.; McLean, I.F.G.; Gardiner, R. and Peirson, G. (2004).Freshwater Fishes in Britain - the species and their distribution. Project by the CEH, EA and JNCe.Harley Books, 176 pp.

Hardisty, M.W. and Potter, I.C. (1971a). The general biology of adult lampreys. In M.W. Hardisty andI.e. Potter (Eds), The Biology of Lampreys. Vol. 1,1-275. London. Academic Press. 260pp.

Hardisty, M.W. and Potter, I.e. (1971b). The behaviour, ecology and growth of larval lampreys. InM.W. Hardisty and I.C. Potter (Eds), The Biology of Lampreys. Vol. 1. London. Academic Press.260pp.

Igoe, F.; Quigley, F.; Marnell, F.; MeskelI, R.; O'Connor and Byrne, e. (2004). The Sea LampreyPetromyzon marinus (L), River Lamprey Lampetra fluviatilis (L) and Brook lamprey Lampetraplaneri (Bloch) in Ireland. General Biology, Ecology, Distribution and Status with Recommendationsfor Conservation. Biology and Environment Proceedings of the Royal Academy. 104B, 3, 43-56(2004) Royal Irish Academy. 464pp.

IUCN (2009). IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2009.1, www.iucnredlist.org

JNCC (2006). Vertebrate species: fish. 1096 Brook lamprey Lampetra planeri.http://www.jncc.gov.uk

Kelly, F.L and King, J.J. (2001). A review of the ecology and distribution of three lamprey species,Lampetra fluviatilis (L.), Lampetra planeri (bloch) and Petromyzon marinus (L.): A context forconservation and biodiversity considerations in Ireland. Biology and Environment: Proceedings of theRoyal Irish Academy, Vol. 101B, 3,165-185.

King and Linnane (2004). The status and distribution of lamprey and shad in the Slaney and MunsterBlackwater SACs. Irish Wildlife Manuals No. 14. Department of the Environment, Heritage and LocalGovernment.

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Maitland, P.S. (1980) Review of the ecology of lampreys in Northern Europe. Canadian Journal ofFisheries and Aquatic Sciences. 37, 1944-52.

Maitland, P.S. (1994). The ecology of lampreys (Petromyzonidae) in the Loch Lomond area.Hydrobiologia 290, 105-120.

Maitland, P.S. (2003). Ecology of the River, Brook and Sea Lamprey. Conserving Natura 2000 RiversEcology Series NO.5. English Nature, Peterborough. 52pp.

Maitland, P.S. and Campbell, R.N. (1992). Freshwater fishes of the British Isles. HarperCollins,London. 420pp.

O'Connor, W. (2004) A survey of juvenile lamprey populations in the Moy catchment. Irish WildlifeManuals, No. 15. National Parks and Wildlife Service, Department of Environment, Heritage andLocal Government, Dublin, Ireland.

Potter, I.e.; Hill, BJ. and Gentleman, S. (1970). Survival and behaviour of ammocoetes at low oxygentensions. Journal of Experimental Biology. 53,59-73.

Reynolds, B.; Norris, D.A.; Hilton, J.; Bass, J.A.B. and Hornby. D.O. (2004). The current andpotential impact of diffuse pollution on water dependent biodiversity in Wales. Centre for Ecologyand Hydrology. Project Number: C0235 1NEW.

Stuart, T.A. (1953). Spawning migration, reproduction and young stages of loch trout (Sa/rna trutta

L.). HMSO, Edinburgh. 39pp.

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B.3 Atlantic Salmon


26268700007n.doc

The following species summary is based on information contained in Hendry and Cragg-Hine (2003),the Joint Nature Conservation Committee website www.jncc.gov.uk and the NPWS ConservationAssessment Report Backing document at www.npws.ie.

Distribution

The Atlantic salmon (Salrna salar) is listed in Annexes II and V of the EU Habitats Directive as aspecies of European importance. Historically, the species was widely distributed in all countries whoserivers enter the North Atlantic. However; its current distribution has been restricted by anthropogeniceffects, particularly man-made barriers to movement, and deterioration in water quality due to urbanexpansion and changes in agricultural practices. Consequently, the Atlantic salmon has declined orbecome locally extinct in many of the larger navigable rivers.

The current distribution ranges from Portugal to North America. It includes rivers in Spain, France, theUK, Ireland, Norway, Sweden, Finland and other countries draining into the Baltic, Iceland,Greenland, some Canadian provinces, and the northeast USA.

Life History

Salmon utilise rivers for reproductive and nursery phases, and the marine environment for adultdevelopment and rapid growth, migrating from the Atlantic Ocean to fresh water to spawn in areas ofrivers with clean gravel. It has the advantage of utilising relatively low-risk spawning sites in riversand benefiting from the rich resources of the sea to enable rapid growth. After hatching, the young fishdevelop in fresh water for two to four years before migrating to the sea to mature. Upon returning tothe freshwater environment, both males and females undergo morphological changes to the teeth andjaws, and become darker in colour. Salmon spawn in autumn or winter in excavated depressions in theriver substrate called 'redds'. The female produces around 1,100 eggs per kg of body weight; a smallfemale grilse of 2.3 kg will lay about 2,500 eggs, while a large female of 8 kg will lay about 8,800eggs. The redd is usually covered by materials dug out during the construction of a new one upstream,into which further eggs are shed. On completion of spawning, females drop downstream, while malesmay remain to spawn with further females.


Hydrological conditions in rivers can be radically altered by activities such as regulation for floodprotection and abstraction for water supply. Land-use change through intensive agriculture andurbanisation can also result in marked effects on flow regimes and increased requirement for floodprevention' measures. These man-induced changes in flow and flood dynamics can alter both the sizecomposition of gravels available for spawning and the depth to which gravels are reworked and reddsdisrupted. Siltation of spawning gravels is a particularly common risk owing to disturbance in rivercatcrunents by activities such as forestry and mining, arable cultivation and intensive livestock-basedagriculture. Under natural conditions, most spawning rivers in the UK would have suspendedconcentrations of sand, fine silt and clay of less than 5 mg 1-1 during low flows and may be essentiallyclear-water rivers.

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High concentrations of suspended solids in the water may physically choke fish or disrupt feedingbehaviour. The fines smother salmonid eggs by preventing intra-gravel currents and by clogging theinterstices at the surface of the riverbed. This prevents or disrupts alevin emergence and reduces thefitness of the fry and parr, and hence their ability to cope with the natural pressures faced within theriverine environment.

Salmon are susceptible to deteriorating water quality as a result of both direct point-source dischargesand diffuse or non-point-source pollution arising from land-use practices or industrialisation. Pointdischarges from sewage treatment works have come under more stringent control and receivedsignificant investment over the last 10 years. Future investment will continue and will be extended toreduce the risks from expanding urbanisation via improved infrastructure design and increaseddischarge standards. The implementation of the Water Framework Directive is likely to instigatefurther improvements that will have wider benefits for salmon.

Non-point-source pollutants include nutrients used as fertiliser in agriculture and forestry. Forexample, afforestation will increase the output of fertilisers such as nitrate and phosphate during initialsite preparation, and again during clear-felling operations when soils are disturbed. There is also someevidence from Northern Ireland of an increase in water acidity and toxicity owing to peat drainage,which may have impacted salmon populations.

Large quantities of organic fine sediment or woody logging-debris can reduce oxygen levels byincreasing the biochemical oxygen demand (BOD). The effect of BOD is exacerbated by increasedwater temperature, which reduces the solubility of oxygen and increases microbial activity.Furthermore, increased macrophyte growth as a consequence of eutrophication can lead to oxygensags due to the respiratory phase during darkness. It is generally recognised that oxygenconcentrations should not fall below a single-day mean of 8 mg 1-1 for spawning fish, although 5.06.5 mg I-I is acceptable to adult fish at other times.

Flow regime

Both high and low flows are likely to be affected by climate change in the future, with wetter summersand drier winters predicted. Low flows occur naturally during periods of drought, but may beexacerbated by human activities such as river regulation, abstraction, water transfers, large-scaleforestry, agriculture and urbanisation. Low flows may result in elevated water temperatures and lowdissolved oxygen during summer periods, causing salmon kills. Additional impacts include loss ofspawning areas, a reduction in wetted perimeter, loss of juvenile rearing habitat and increasedcompetition via a reduction in the number of territories available. In addition, flows may beinsufficient to draw adult fish into the river or to provide plunge pools of sufficient depth beneathobstacles to allow adult salmon to pass.

The movement of gravels during natural or controlled high flows can cause the erosion of spawningbeds and the downstream drift of salmon eggs and alevins .This will usually result in high egg andalevin mortality rates. Eggs laid by small salmon are therefore pal1icularly vulnerable to being washedout of redds during high flow.

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Mott MacDonald lJ-eland Ltd.Limerick County Council

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The principal in-stream physical habitat variables that determine suitability for juvenile salmon arewater depth, water velocity, streambed substratum and cover. Typical spawning sites are thetransitional areas between pool and riffle where flow is accelerating and depth decreasing, wheregravel of suitable coarseness is present and interstices are kept clean by up-welling flow_ Salmon fryand parr occupy shallow, fast-flowing water with a moderately coarse substrate with cover. Deep orslow-moving water, particularly when associated with a sand or silt substrate, does not supportresident juvenile salmonids. Suitable cover for juveniles includes areas of deep water, surfaceturbulence, loose substrate, large rocks and other submerged obstructions, undercut banks,overhanging vegetation, woody debris lodged in the channel, and aquatic vegetation.

The juxtaposition of habitat types is also important. The proximity of juvenile habitat to spawninggravels may be significant to their utilisation. In addition, adults require holding pools immediatelydownstream of spawning gravels in which they can congregate prior to spawning. Cover for adultsalmon waiting to migrate or spawn can be provided by overhanging vegetation, undercut banks,submerged vegetation, submerged objects such as logs and rocks, floating debris, deep water andsurface turbulence. Woody debris has been found to provide a significant amount of instream cover forsalmon. If the holding pools and spawning areas have little cover, the fish present will be vulnerable todisturbance and predation.

Channel Substrate and structure

Substrate composition and flow are intimately connected in rivers. In general, the faster the watervelocity, the coarser or more compacted the substrate. Conversely, fine substrates are associated withlow velocities. Thus, in a typical riffle/pool sequence, the coarser substrate will be found in the fastestwater at the top of the riffle, while the substrate in the slow-flowing deep pool will contain a highproportion of fine material. The distribution of different substrate types within a river is typicallydetermined by the velocities prevalent during spate conditions.

Pebbly riffles without boulders (substrate particle size predominately 16-64 mm diameter) could beconsidered to be prime nursery habitat for salmon less than 7 cm long. Young salmon require differentsubstrates according to their size, beginning with shallow riffle areas with pebbles. As they grow, theyprefer deeper, faster-flowing water with cobbles or boulders 8-9 cm in length. In-stream coverprovided by varied substrate size is important for juvenile salmon. Coarse substrates also provideshelter from high flow velocity, which can be utilised as feeding stations adjacent to faster drift foodcurrents. In chalk streams where substrate size is generally smaller, macrophytes (particularlyRanunculus spp.) provide most of the visual barriers between territories and velocity shelters.

The composition and mean grain size of gravels used by salmon for spawning varies markedly, buttypically consists of a mix of cobbles (grain size 22-256 mm), pebbles (2-22 mm) and finer material

« 2 nun).

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Caherconlish Waste Water Treatment PlantAppropriate AssessmentStage J Screening Assessment


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Overhanging vegetation is important for providing cover for both adult and juvenile salmon. It is alsoa source of coarse woody debris, which provides habitat for the invertebrates on which salmon feed.The pools provide the deeper holding areas required by adults, the riffles provide the fry and parrhabitats, and suitable spawning sites are provided at the point where pool shallows become a riffle andwater velocity increases. In natural situations, pool/riffle sequences typically repeat at intervals of fiveto nine channel widths. However, many river channels have been extensively modified for landdrainage and flood defence, and the characteristic pool/riffle sequence with its attendant habitatdiversity has often been lost. River sections modified in this way might therefore be considered forrestoration to a more natural habitat, thus enhancing production ofjuvenile salmon.

References

http://wwW.jncc.gov.uk/ProtectcdSites/SACselection/specics.asp?FeaturelntCode=S I 106

Hendry K & Cragg-Hine 0 (2003). Ecology of the Atlantic Salmon. Conserving Natura 2000 RiversEcology Series No.7. English Nature, Peterborough.

Conservation Status Assessment Report, Atlantic Salmon (Salma salar L.) (1106); www.npws.ie

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Moll MacDonald lreland Ltd.Limerick County Council

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8.4 Otter


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The following species description is based on information on the Joint Nature ConservationCorrunittee website www.jncc.gov.uk and the NPWS Conservation Status Assessment Report atwww.npws.le.

Distribution

The Eurasian otter population of Western Europe underwent a widespread decline during the 20thcentury. The decline, and subsequent recovery, has been well documented in the UK, although lesshistorical information is available for most other countries.

The situation in Europe was reviewed during the period of decline, showing that otters were rare orextinct in much of central Europe in a broad band extending from Italy across to central Spain in thesouth up to Sweden and southern Norway. 'Widespread' populations existed mainly in western areas(Portugal, Ireland, Scotland, and parts of Spain, France, Wales and England) or eastern areas (fromFinland through to Greece).

A recent review found evidence of a recovery. This showed that, although European populations werestill considered healthy and widespread in only a third of the 37 countries for which data wereavailable, the number where they were believed to be increasing had gone up from 28% to 38%. Theproportion where otters were believed to be threatened, declining, very rare or extinct had gone downfrom 40% to 22%.

Since 1977, as a result of a series of national otter surveys, substantial parts of England, Wales andScotland have been surveyed three times, Ireland once and parts of it twice. In England and Irelandalternate 50 km squares were searched, in Wales and Scotland the whole land area was covered. Thesesurveys involved recording the presence or absence of otter signs (usually their faeces, known asspraints) according to a protocol which has been widely used in Europe. Spraint surveys only provideinformation on distribution, rather than estimates of the population.


Within the range of natural values, water chemistry has little impact on otters other than by affectingfood supply. For example, moderate eutrophication may benefit otters by leading to an increase in theabundance of certain fish, although excessive eutrophication is detrimental when it leads to the reverseeffect. Otters are not directly affected by pH values within normal ranges, but where acid rain leads toexcessive acidity in watercourses, it can have an adverse effect on food supply.


Otters have been recorded as exploiting virtually all types of water and waterway in the UK. Althoughpopulations in England and Wales are confined mainly to fresh water, they readily exploit suitablecoastal habitats in Scotland. The importance of estuaries to otters is more difficult to ascertain. Ottershave been recorded on still waters (canals, lakes, ponds and reservoirs) as well as rivers and streams ofall sizes. Otters will use tiny streams and ditches including dry watercourses as regular routes.

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References

JNCC (2009). 1355 Otter (Lutra lutra). www.jncc.gov.uk

NPWS, Lutra lutra (1355), Conservation Status Assessment Report.

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Appendix C Site Synopsis

SITE SY\OI'SIS

SITE N.\i\JE : 1.0\\"l-:R IHYEI{ \II.\N\'O\

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S('l'()pn" pC Ilk h',\k ,',lldHIlL'nl lhj\1/ Ihrnugh N;IIllII('iilJl Rod,s ;lfld Ilk \\ ...~~i('rn ~ln'(dh.':'

Itm l Hgll Clll">(lfli(('n'lI" Liml'sklll(', Til,' l'v1l1lh('ar jhl\\~ thn>lI,dl LuWl'r P;tld,'~Vt1j( R(ldzs inI!ll~ ll[)p,'r l\\wlll':' hl'!'or,' p.lssing (hrull~h N"mllrJ.Ul RllCk~. foll,iwl'd by Lower Carb(,nik'nll1Shaks alld C,lrf:H,ndl'J'ouS Llll\t'~I'fl)L'. TIll' rvlulkt',lf Riwr Ir"l'lL irtlll)('dLlldy north of PallasGrl't'il, P:1SS,'S Ihrl tu,gh an ;m."l IiI' Rhyil[ill'<;. Tun~ and ,-\g,~llilll"(dll'S. Riv,'fS wilhin l!w suhcltchm,~nl of (hI..' h;,;tll' includ(' Ih,' G:lk~' SII1(';lrb~h, OOLlgh. Allaughilull, Owwg. CI~'da~h.

Calk'L Brl'aJlag:h ,wei GIL'Il(ll'<l!"OCy, Rivcrs \vitllifl (11:..' suh-CaldlJll:"'lll tll" llw Mulk..'iU' inc/udt'1hI.' Kit ll'l'nagani fL Allll<tf!Il, Nl'Wpll11. till' IX';lt[ RiwL Ih(' Billlti;L Ci]a"IJac!n{lnarav'('('Lt.Gnnna:J\'I;If!ll and Call(~( llah,lIlia.

TJk' Sill' i:, it l.'alldidilll' SAC sdl'rl:..~d f(11 la!!l)l,[):-. <llld allilvial \I;l'[ WI'11111an([", Ilulh

hnbil.ll" li~ll'd ,In ,-\Il/l('\ I nIL he E.1.f. H,lhil al S Dir('l'l iv\.', TJw ~tll' is ;tf"o "" k([('d furJlo;lling riVt'l V"l'.0('I:lljllll. ..l!,>iillid 1l1('iHIt,WS, ::sIU,trl:..'.$. 1[(Lll mudfJ.lrs, Atl.lfllil· Sill(

nW,lduws, f\kd)tl'l"l'i1Jll';tr\ ~~dl IIIl\I(!O \.1;s. Su'!icul'llia JlludlLrls. sand b,lIlb. [X'ft'lU1iillvt'.\!l'lali(in l)f slPIlY b;lIlks. ~('a dills. r('l'fs ,tl1<.llar~t' ~llall(l\\· in!:..'r" and b,IY~ all h~lbj('II:-.

li:;kd on ,-\ nn:..'\ I or Ilk' E. U, H,tbil;lh [llrl'l'Ii'.:..'. Thl' "ill' is ;ll"il st'lech'd (Dr IJw[<.ll[(lwln:; s[)l'cics lisll'd l,lll ,'\nlll'x II of till' SanK' dil'~CIJ\\' - f.h'{(lL'-n<.1S('d D(llphin, ')('<1

LtJllprl'y. Rivn LIJllpre~". Br(Hlk LHupn'y. FI\'"h\li"I('1 Pl'drl Mu"sL'l. AILtnlil' SalJ1llllland OIll'L

Till' Shannnn and Fl'r-;l1S Eslll;uies fl1llllik bJf!l':-'1 t'''lll"ril1l' c'.lmplt'x in IfeLlnd.Thl'\" I't)rm ,I UIlI( strl'tc[lill~ fro()) lh:..' UPPl'l ll(bllimils I,d· Ihe Shanll{ll\ ,1lKI Fl'r~us

Rivt'fS 1(1lhl' nWI.Hll uf l.hl' Shanll<)llt"\lury \\:I:'llsidt'fl'd Itl bl' d ]jIlt' ,lU'USS ([1\.' n'IIll.IW

;-.olralr bel\\('l'1l Kikll'lbull Pni III ,tiKI KikltHly Pni Ill). Within this main (Jlli1 llwrl' ,(f('

sewral rribul;llil's with lheir \w;n 'Sll[J-('s{lIaries' ('.~, lilt' Dl'l'l Rih~L tvlulh:edr RiVl'f.<I/lc! I\laiglle [{jV\'!'. TI' lhe Wl'''! nl Fn~·r1l':;, ,I nlllllkr Ill' ,"Ill,dl eSllldrll'S f,lrm

illdl~lll:tlil·!IlSilllhe prl',k'lllllldnlly h,lrd ,·p;lsllil1l'. nilflll'ly Plllllnashl'J'ry Bay,Ballylun:!l'l,rd Bay, Clnndl.'raL1W ELlY and Illl' h',ll:..' (11' Cashen Rive!' E\(llary,

80lh 1I11' F('rgll;": ~\ild il\JlL'r SharlllUJll'sIU;llfl" (l'.llUI",' v·asl t'Xpal1~l'" of if\I('('lid,t1

mlhlllt{~, nIh']) frill)!i'd \\irll sallmarsh v:..'g:..'laIJI\11. T1ll' ,malkr ,~slllant'~ ahtl fl'all1[('IllUdtl;l(\" hul !uv:..' Illl'ir I)Wn l111t(jU,' dlin,ldNi:;lil:s. ('f Puulnils!l,'rry B,t)" i, \runy:1l1d unusually rkh ill sp,'\·il'S ;lIld bioI 0l)l's. PI:llH :-'Pl'l'i,'" ,U,' Iypil,;lll~' ",:<lIn' ('l) Ill,'

IlHldtlar" ,tltl1ou),lh Illl'll' ,ll:'" "l~Jlll' h.'l-~Ja'" bl'd" (LlJlicr<l "pp.l ;In(( paldll'" llf !!1'i'CIl

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26268700007n.doc

;t!1!;(l' (('.g.. Lh (I sp. and F:..II!I·!'iJJliffIFhu sr'.). Til,' I1Ulll m,ll'('u-tll\·,'J(l'I!r:l!t..' ,'(Immunity,whkll ha<; [1,','11 Ilnrcd (,'('11Il llw Illn,'l ')h~lllflllll ,tnd h'[~lI'; ":-.llI,lri,'\. i:-. ,l M,II'eIl/U-

S'.',", ,N('I !I,u·f( j-;Vel't).\ l'uJI Hl1l1ll i lY.

Inlh,' Iriill,;HJ\ln Zl)JI,' [1,'lwC,'1l JIludfL,ls dlld ,(fllm~lf,h. :-p,,'C"Ja!h,'d n,lorllSl~rS lll'llJudpl,'IJ(IJlljn~Ii,': \wards ill' ('ollll1)uJl ('llrd-pas:i I SjJ(iriill<i tll?gli, til [rc\.j\l"llll~· lI,Xllr IIIlilt' Uppt'l' p,lIh lit llw l'~luilrks. Lt·:,:- ,'(>mlll,11l iill' '\1;;111.1' ol GLI'iSWll[1 15,11/['(lJ'!Ii(;<'i/l'fJjJ(/C<f ap;. I. In Ihl' il\lh:'nno"'l part\ llf Ihl' ,'::-[lIarJl' .... till' (id,tl dlaflilds 11[' ,'(('1'](., al\'frin:~('d wJtl! ';j'll','(l'S 'lIcll ,I:. ('PIHrllnll Rl'I'd IPhmgIJ 1ilcs til!s!l'<t/is' alld CIlIb-1 U,;lll'S

is, i1'Po'!.\ II/cwiliIHI/I, S'. !<I!'CI'f}<!t'I!t'()!!Iilili ,lIld .Ii. !l'i'!!I(·tni' 1. III addJ(Jufl (11 Ilk'1l;IiIPIl,t1ly [;,l'l' Tn,lll~lIl:1l'Cluh-nrsll {\, iF/'t/1 ' .... i</11dm' I. (\1,0 'i,',lrl't' ~Pl'CI:">~ ,II'L' ftllHh.l

ill \oll1C' (lj(hl~::-,' ul'cb j('.};, t:I,dJllldclIrL.l ell'l'k,: Ll":> ... (·( Bulru:-.h O\r.l1Ci ,1fIf,;iliri/(J/ili)

,tIlt! Sumlll('1' SJl(I\\'j'J,lkc {LI'i/u'illi/; (iC's/ilumL

Salllllar,ll vt'g-,'Lllll111 lr:"'i.lu,'nllv fri[l¥,':-' (ht' llllldJ1al:'. (h ,'I' IW"lH~' arl'aS 1IIl's\uarin::;-;allfll;U\h havt' ht't'/) idt'1l1itil'd \vilhiJllhl" \ill'. lht' nil l", I impll!l,llll llt wllkl1 arc' ,1I\1undIhe h'rgu' b(U,Il~ dJld ;It Rillpmllylall OIl,I). Til,' dumlll,uH I\pt' Ill' s;dtllldrsj) pll':>t>Jl(

l~ ,-'\ILmlll' ;-;;t11 Ill,'adel\\' ;1l'I'Ll[Till.~ (~\','I IIllld. CIl~)Jd,....ll'I'I:-.t[I· \Pt'I.'lt'\ 11L'dlrrlll.~ (111.'llldl"

(\)mlllUn Sal(lll;H~hGrds:-, II'!/( o'ilicilili I.'Itfl'iiil!l(i J. Sl',L ,-,\ \(,'1 1..\ Sid' !nj/ltliillN1. TllriflIAnncr/1i 1Ii</l'i/ili/U 1. Sl'klllilJ,\\\IJl lG/Ul!.\ Ilitll'ilil!lu J. Sl';l PI,IlH,Llll I PlilJ.'/c(£:."

IiIcll'itl/lia J. RC'd Ft':>l'lll' ': Fesu/f (; I'U hl'c I J. Crt' ... piJl.~ H\.'lll (,.·\.I!!,<'sris '!II/" ',I: i!d'U ).

S,dllll,tr\h RU'h iJWIi 111 go·uri:'i). LIIIl:,,'-b!;ICll'd S"II;0t' (('lIn·.1 c\l<'li'<ll. Ll'S't'r Sl';l~pHrrt'y (Sf"'i'Yliluri,IIIl<ll'iI/Ci) .lllt! S.C';! ArW\';gr,I:i:-' ITrigi"! hif1I..~u,..iti"'kl'. Ar(',I'" ue't\klli(,'rLllll',lll s,dt lllt',ldlm·,. l'lUI'~IUl'n't'd hy dlllllP~ ul SC',1 RU ... tl (./un'.·l/\

11l,il'irillllf.l) \,.l\'(Ur 1}((lsiOJl,dly. T\\'l' SC,lln' 'I'l','il';-' ilrl' j"UJld ()Jl "dlmill',;l!,';-; in II);,'

vll'jJlj(y ur tilt' Fl'r~u:-. E~lu"r~': a typl' of luhUsl Sallll1;'l'sll-gr;l';s I I'll" inclii<i} lil,.'<iUdii). ~Ulllt'(jml':' pl,ICl'd wil hill thl' ,:, llllp"SS n( ( UIlJm\lJl Sail m,ll \h-gT,I'i'

I Pu.·, 'indii<i I/l'll'llilli<i I :tlld H <IId-~r:l';" ( 1\11'(,/'//' ilis slrigus(1 J.

Sallm,llsl! V:"':!l'I;I(Il)Jl .rho nl'l'ur\ ,UI,HlIlIi ,.lllUml),'! Ill' Llf,'IlUllS \vl111in 11ll' \11:...'. Ttli' (\VU

\I,hicll haVl' hL't'll slIl\'r'y,'d ,1<' pan ;of ,1 Ndll\lll.ll Im't'Il(('ry llf L'f.!(I(11l\ ,ll'l' Sll,tHllunAirpt"1l La~'n()n dJld CIO\)lh:,)lll','1l Pun!. Clnnnl'lHll'l'fj Pllt\II4--S h,li j.,,, llaillral:'l'dmll'rH,lly Llf:!U(IO imp,-,undl'd hy ,I ll,\\' ,'(Ih!,);,> b.trlil'!'. Sl'<IW,ll.L'l l'lIlt'l:' bypl'rl'ld.llioll through rIll' h,IJTil'r ,llll! h:\' U\'t'IW,IS[1. Tlli' 1;Ii:!lHl() Il'pll'Sl'llt:' a 1~'TlL' \vlu,:hm;,y 1.1',' UIli<.jUl' wl!L'l;lnd ::-illl.:l' Ill:..' ;-;lIhstl'a(:..' i:> ..;nlllp<"';l'd ,dIIlU,,1 l'IHady l,J[" j1,\lL Till'ad}al'('fl! slIurl' fl'alurt'S <JIll' or Ihl' h:..':.1 l·.\.lfnpl:..' ... uf ,I dWWlll·.d r'll\'q in frl'bnd,.Aqll;[tk \\':~el"lit III III (hl' lat'\H III Inl'llldl's I~Til'.I1 :-,pl'lics SUdl ,l'; I:k,I"l'<.I T ,l~~:..'l Wl'l'd

l/(ilPi,iillll(il'irill;(/" :lIld !('('l'll ,ilf,':lt' !("ldJ"fll,I{iI'« :.p.). Till' Cllllla j\ 111)( di'.."'I'I'. bUI i::lypkal ur a hi~h "',.t1init:,· l;l.~l)()n ;lIld IJldw.k'::- ';1'\ l".~\)'.lfl spc(iall:>(;:; (H .. dl'oN,{.. '{" IIIrosa, ('<ere" t(J(lCl'flJi.~· gl< iff ('LilJi, Lc,..: {Ill {' 'I l'/!(. f( '1'< t ho< :/" {'rio }){ tl(f('lnoH( 'll"S \ "{/l" ian".

-F£:.<ll'ti 'itaxneilis <tnd Ell", hrus hi, O/UI' I. In l·Om!.I'\. Slldllll\fll ,';JI[lul1 Ld,l.'llPn i~ h;'1(~.tll ;u'l'irkial ;,>,llilll' lah' wilh dll ,Hlilicl,d h:t1Tll'[ .lIld S]lIiCl'd llulle\. H,IWl'WL il~uppllr(' 1\\',. Rl'd D,l(,( BC1l)k :-.Pl'((l·' "I' $(I'fll'\I;orl 1( /iun. «11/('.\< do'l ;(n,l Chonl • .t:('01'1111\ ens I.

I'VliIS{ (If Ihl' 'ill' \I.\'S\ III l(i]c("'!.,111l f'nillliKik1lnly f'niJlt (:. hnUll,.it'd by Ilj~h 1I)l'''Y :-'l';1

dirY..,. Til,' dill, in IIll' OUIl'l' I)nj( or Ill,' \ill' ,If(' sJ',I(':.c'I~· \'r'~I'l;i1l'd \\tlll li,'!l:..'II'. rZL'dh''i\'lIc. S,'d BI'I'( d)('t(l ·,·{iig,il'i.\''I. SI';[ Cdlllpiull i ~ilc.I:,.·III';I'ilillt'(:), Tlll'lll ,1Ild f'Llillaills

I Plci/I/ti.!!." "'1'[1. I. ,.; fdll' l'J)lkIII i-.' S,',l LI\'l~Jllkl (ljl!!('ni!llill'("!ln /If,I! \ltl"-p.

C-2262687-N-R·02·B

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Caherconlish Waste Water Treatment PlantAppropriate AssessmenlStage I Screening Assessment


26268700007n.doc

1'\<'urf,;!.I',II:SH'aililllllJll lIcrut;; (HI di1T~ llC:U LO{lp H'\l<.1. C1l1T-I\1(l \q;t·I'.lLJOn ll .... ll,lll~'Ctln"J<;l\ (Ii" dIll,']' !!Lt~::'lmld (}t' JlWt1[nw ht'<llh, Th,' houltl,'t cLt~, r[iff" (unllt'l up Illt't'S1U~lIY 1,'l1d In I'll' fll\lrl' dl~IN'ly Vt'i!t:l<ll,'d, wilh s\\'>ltd~ of R,:d Fl'~(Ut' ;ll1d sp"l:k"sUl.:h ;'s Kielnt')' Vl'kh r."\l/rll\tlJ.~ \/llnel'al'iaJ aod HIl'tj'..;-jIHll Trefoil I LoUl.;

( (lI'Jil<li/dW.I').

Tilt' :">llt' ~llr\Jwns al1".\<.:dkllll:.xafllpk I,I':1 IdI'gl' ,h,llh!\\ inlet and holY. Ulllltal

~l'diJ1ll'lH. l'lllllmUnlli(~s in (ht' J1l1l11111 llr Illl: Sh,llllwn E"lll;H'Y occlIr in ;lrt'~l~ lh.:l( :lI'l'

l'Xpll';l'd In \1,';1\\' ;\Uion anll ;11,,0 in ;ll'l'"" l:\tr,'llll'Jy :-;hdtt:lt'd t('om \vavt' ;11,'1[(111.Ch~lral·ll'['ISlil'.IJly, ,'xpll ....cd ....l·diml·nt 1.:(If11J1l11nitil':-; ~Ul' l'llmrH,lSl'tI of (;);II"l' ~;llid andhay,' ;1 ~pdr'>l' f;llln~1. SrK'c(l'S ricllnt'o;;s inl'lt'a~l'S il~ condition" !1\?\.'l)JH,' mUll' '.twlll·lcd.,All \hOl\''-' in Ilk "itl' Ila\'t' ;IZ(ijW \If ;-;,lnd l1oppt~r" ,It Ill\' lOp ,lfld hl'ln,\,' lhi:-; l',ldl ur 1.11l'

~h(l!t,,,,, h,t" dd'ff'll'lll cl1ar:IC[l't'l:,li,-, '-P,'l'l,'" gi\'lllf! a ran;,' Ill' tli rft'tl:11f :,,>11\11\' IYrll'~ in th::'pcS,--\C

TIll' inll'rtidal rt:'d:--- in 1]1(' Sl1wlnu[\ E'-.tuary ilI(' npu,t'd (II m(ldt'liltd~' C\['l1,-cd r,)\\·'('.'l' :lr\J,m and sllbjt'cl tv 1)J\)(k't',lIl' IHJal "(('(';11li". KJll1Wfl "ll('" ,Ill' Sll'q)J~' :,lnpin~

;Jnd ~h(l\\' ,( ~oud zonati{ltl down IIll' shi,!,l. Wt'!l dl'I,.'l'hl\x'd Jidwn Z\fl1t'~ ,1[h.1 JiI.1.fldl

ret'l rltlnlllllnlll('S ldr,lrin,~;l l1i,gll spl't'il':"> rkhnl'ss ill lll,' '-.ubliHll[;1I rrill,~l' <lnd slnlngPflPllLI(JI.·ln~uf PU)'-:fCt'Htl'(I[{{' ii'i'idu\ an' found. Til,' l:l)J!lIIllHlllll'''; fnuucl alt' lillt'r;llllI,) '<HHJ "1.:01lJ ;md tidal '-(tl:,nHS, 1'11,' infralillnral [t'd's l'<ln.!!l' fWJIl "1l)pll1~ phtf;'lnm\1,"{lh :---Ollil' '.'l'nil'nl Sll'p.... 1{1 ridg(...! bt'd!,od.; \\lIh _~ullil'~ nf '-,llld bl'IWt','n 1111.' ['[dt,· .... {I'

ridg,:d h('d[{lcl with hould:"'js (lr:l mi.'\lllf(' uJ' L:l.lhhk's. ~t<l\'t'l and ",lth!. K.dp i:--- \':"'I~'

{'Ut1HHl'!l III ahut!( 10m. Ekhl\-\' lhis il b:..',:(tllil'" fall.' and Itw community lS

(11;lrdl'll.'ri:-'l'd Ily curallin:..' crust:- and (I;'d foliu,;,' alg.cK'

• :'!;ll1y I.it..'adle<; and bedro;:1\ "lIl)l't':-- - l!l(':\l' sllnn:':, '\llpp;1r1 it lypkaJ Z"lJ1<tlj,i!1 III

:'l';l\\'l'(',h; I FUCIn ~r\p., A"copltrili/ill n("dUIi/I1l <Inti 1\.,'lp';).• ;c;hlngl:..' I)l.'adk~~ - the IlIUJ':..' ~I(lhk arl'a'- lll' shill2!k SUppor1 ('!l,ual'le['r:---lll: :---Pl'l:ll'"

~lIdl <IS ),'<l Bel.'1. S:..'a I'vtlY\\it.'l\d tAl~llriniriu flillr';, illid I. Sl'a CUHpillfl ,ll\d ell rkdD(ld~ (Hullin ai.I'I'iI'i.

• S;lndh,lnr\~ '\"hid] ;Hl' ....liphll:l· l'l)\'(·rl.'c! by S:..':\ Wal,'1 .. It ,1111illlt'S - {[It.'tl' i".1 knl )Wn

(At'Un ('(h .(. of ~ill1d/gfa'.'cl h,'ds il1lhl' (lfl'a [roll1 KN[':' Hl'Jd 1(1 f)t",d Hl' ,ld• ;:-al1d dUI1:..'s - ;1 small (lfl'" d sanJ dlHll':,,> lh.'i..:Uf:-' al l:l:..',tl Point. Till' ddnlifldlH

;--,p:..'l'],' .... h I'vlarralll Glas::, C-\/lIflI"jJhilci (U'c'II<II'i,i I.

FI{I\\"lIli: IIll(f thl' l'''llI,lli,,:, an.' a lIumbt'!' uI' (idal 11\'(·I~.

Frl'o;;I1W,ll,'J ri\'l'rs hilV:..' bl'('f1 Jnchh.!:..·d in Ill:..' ~ill', mo~1 1I1)ldl'l~' lIlt' Fl>;tll' ;IlKI f\lu]kt.'d[

Ullt'tlJll,'[}!s. Illl' ShaJ1I111[l fwm Killa!p:..' 10 Liml'rit'k Ltlt1Hg \,.-jlh ';lIllI,' llf il'; t['ihm,lrj:..~s,

illl'ludinV;\ :;l1lil'l slrcr-:tl \)1' Uw Killlla'.wlld Ri\l'[ j. lh,' h'rglls up ;l .... I,ll as Enl1l". ;\ndtlJl' ('[;HIJ) Ri\'t'L Th0sl' :;VstenlS :1J':..' Vt'n'djfkl:.:'ll( in I'h,II~lctt'l: [lIc' Shanl10n b,'irw

",.~' ...

brn-ad, <;:.:'n0fally ~lnw-tl[l\vil1g and ILll\!fall:,: ('lIIruphic: till' h'['~us h,~il1,~ :,nl:tlkr dntlalkalinl'~ wllik tll(' n,U('llW, c.l';l-n\\win~([(l(lnlS ,lcitl iu ll,Hllll'. Th,' Fl'<Ilt' <tntlMul!.;t'.lt l'dl<,'l1mcHls l'Xl1it)j[ ;lIlllw :1~Pl:'CI" of a ri"l'[, rrpm ",)llll',' In ]\)(llllh S,']))in;lIl1l,r1 11,1111[;\1\. :;Ul'!l ;IS \\':..'1 prd'-.,>1.1I1d. \V:..'( \\,·ppdl.lIh[ ,111-.1 f1I,l[~l1ll',:Cllf b\' lJ1l' I[\\'r'>,I1l)\\l'Vt'1. impl\l\'t'd gra:;;-;land I:; Ilh~sl ,',!IlHnnll. OI1l' gLl,-"LllhllYI'1(' (If P;Il{Il'uLtt

C-3262687-N-R·02-B

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26268700007n,doc

cnlJ'i::(va!i,)J) :--ir;l1f Ill'alll',', ,Holini,t HK'adm\'-;, fledlr:,> 111 "t'\.\'I,,1 ["<lies nt'th,' "Jlt' ,tlld tht','xamph'\ ,II \VI)rhl",'lhlurl tht' Rivt~r Sh,IJll11)n at,' t'''pl','i,dl:,: 11(,1 ,'\\'"r(hy, Hl'l\' dl\'

h,und art'a" ,11'Wt'l [)),\h,hl\\ dl!minalt'd h~; 11I"1\l..':' ,Hld -;l'd~\:':-. ,lilt! :--l1pP(lrUIl~ ,I divl'r"l'

<l11t1 :-'P"t'Jl'v-rich V",~t'ldtl;}(), IllC]Hdil1? "lKh lInCO(])llllln :'Pt'Cl(':-. ,I" BllIct'-l'y("j (;r';j:,>:-;

(S'!,\!'iJhiliWIi r,t'I'I/ludiwht! ,Hld PaJ;,,< Sl'd!:'\' IC,U"',I,/'(dln< ('/1, I,

Fh,l,lllllf, rivel Vl'gC'l,tlllHl l'h,tr;lt:'lt'l'hcd h~ :,[x'cit'-; lit W,llt'j-l"!'o\\fl'll)t i/{(i!Wn, ttl!/,

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pr,',>t'nt thf(~lIl!JHlut tht' maim ('iv,'r :>y'I,'llb \'.'ilhin tth' "it,', TIK' rivt'rs (onlaln ;lllintt'J,'qillg bl},lllora with Stili'lfidu!!/! ci!/'ie"'/,! 'i,ll, d/J'ic (lie: 1\'l'U[\k'd rrnm lll-~tl,'am

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,-\lluvj,tl \\,',I~ldl;tf1d Il('Ctlr~ 011 [ht' banks ,)1' Ih,' SlLtltfloll and IHI lsblld:-. Jill!);,,' Vn'lnl(~'

ul Itw 1.1ni'.'t'r~it~' nr Linll'rit'k. TIll" \\\Hldl.lIld i~ up In :'tlm widt' Ull tltl' h,tl'lK:-- ,utd:-'i1[)),'w[lal \vid,'1 Ull thl' 1.H'i!,'st 11.,1'Hlll. Tlw 11:j{lsl ptomiJ)('1tt \\',)\)dl,l(ld typl' l'i ~;dkJ'\'

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Hnr"t'l,til iE'j!/isc't//IH td/lielciUI and Pl'ndulnu-; St'd,~l' {CU!'c'X Fcnd:(/o I,

In LJ):;, In\\' hdb til thl' ~\lll\h {>f lhc Slil'\\'h'Jim Jllllllllt.lin::>, II):;' C,ltcm,dl:,tllLI Ri\'Cr Cllt"

"v,lIky llllnllgllltlt' t{ppt'!' Silurian !od,,, For ,tppt\IXimalely J~nl -;OUth l)f ClP[',I~ll

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Ilt'l''i art' 1\'~,'nt'r;(UIl7wd( TIll.' gn,lulld nllra h.\ttul\' p(\llllint'llt (jll',tlt'l \<0'I,1\1;1-I1I<:;h

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o( ( ilJl p;ml"l! \,,, :'UPJl(l[{ p, llel1,':-, p f St' JllJ- nail! rill hn l,ll! It';j[' \1 (It'ldI.Uh,1 t1nml [1:llt',1 hyAsh, Hall'!. Oak and BJldL Tll,'((' i~ ,I f'IHxl :-ltTI,Jt\ I.lyt'r \Vtlh H,1\\0'1. Itt) III , Willu\\,H;.I11\' tlnd Eil,td~th"lrn il'mlti/\ \/'itl(I,.(il,'t1JllJll(lH, TIlt' Ill'rb l,l~'t'l JJltl);,,~s(' \\'t.l\xltulds

1:-..l]kIlIlPl'll wilh ,( tvpil'.lIly lid) mixtlll\,' llj'\\",lpdlillld hl'rh" ,till 1(,'Ill', t\h"... Spt'cl:::-"tll'.l'fS]t:l' i:, high, Till' \1 ondl,illtls .11\' UIl~U'/t'IJ TJw h"/t'l i:-- ,tdt\\'I~' l'(lppi(,'d inpLn't''',

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26268700007n,doc

Th,~rl' lS d "JIl,dl ,lil'd or ,Kliv,'ly ll'gl'Il,'Llllllg (UI ;,tWdj r;u\,'d btl!! .11 I-:Llllynlrll('en, h1:-' "ill,I;Ilt.'d 'lj1j1rt.1\, :"k H\ llllnh wl~~1 Ill' ClppctrllUIt' <: U, Li m,'rid~, Th,' h(l!:! L'llJlt:lJtb:-'O!lW \\TI. ;1I'l"1\ wirll ,~LH,d mIlS' I, )!)!tUYllilfit J <..'\I\\'l. ')JWI.'!":-' Ill' p,trlldlldr lI}lc'n',1,

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,dlillg \\'Jlll 1\\\\ Orhl'! rC':;lll[},dly r,lf'C' mil,,,,':' induding \'. (imhriafftIJl. Tlh,' :-.ilc' j" hl'ln~'

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A numiwi 01 pl,lnl :-pl'L'h.'S Ih,ll lIrc' (fish R,'d D,Il.[ KIWI-.. "Pl'fil'~ 0,:1.'\11' \\'illlin Ih,' :-.il ..., :'l'vl'Jdl ,lIl' Plol,'d,~d tlI1lkr lIw Flura i Pru{L'Clion j Ord,'L IY99:

• Tri.lll?ul.tf Cluh-J'u"h L),'il'l'{('\ lri,/udnll) - in l1l'ldncllhis pru!c'l.'(l'd <;p'~'(:i,~~ I" unly!'(,ulld in Ilk' StLtllJ)(tn ESludI'\' , Wk'l'" II hllldl'r~ u't','k\ III till' inn...'l ,'qUiU,\"- ,

• ()PP~I"I(l'-I:..';I\'l\J P(lnd\Vl~t'd I (i!'II,'nhlll,I'i<l do:s<l1 - llll', prpIL'(i,'d pnlld\\'L'l'd l"

fi:llllld III Ill,' S!I;lIllll,lll Wlll')C it pil:>S,':-' thJ\lllgh LIIllt'rkk Cil~-,

• I\!kadow B,tt'lc'y iH!Jt'dc'iflli \,', 'I'll/mull J - (hl\ pn)l,,(\t,'t.! '[)CL'lL'" t:> ,d'lUJkhlll ins,tlr rnar,lll'S ;11 Ri ngmO)/],11l :Hhl ~Ia!llkhJlI.

• H<liry \' inkl I \'!o/(I ilino 1- tflJ' pru(('(:I,'d \'i,}ll'( O(cur, ill I Ill' AskL'itflll1/Fuyn,':

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• Bl',l!<.k'd StUll,'wuH i Clwl'ti < (!.I!CS( ,',1/\ 1- a br;l<ki;o;h i\'<tll'l Spl'CI,lli:-.1 f'l\!n<.! inSlldllJWn AJQl'l11 l.lg<lun,

• <: \IJl\\'I:;,~1l1 Sklllt.'\\'llil «( 'fwn! 1,'OIU:i, (lj\ i - ['rt'st.'l1l'l' in ShilJltlU(] :\npnn L,lgllllll (tl

h' ,'olll'JrJllL'd,

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t(! Ih":-:-l' tllLII~ indutk: Grc'.ll Ntlj'([wfl) Di'.\'l' r,{: 1994/9'\:', Wl1uop('r )\\'i1Jl (2111:J99:"/l)('.:., P;:lk-hdllt'~t KWlIl GUO:-t' \.>-16: 199'\/961, (io[(!t.'1) Plol,.\'r I j 1.0(',';: 1\l9<.j/'J'\i

;llhJ Bar-(ailed Gnd\"-Jl I -+76: 1995/961, (n the P;I;-;t. (111','1' St.'poll ;I(C' t'lnd~, n( Grt'l'IlLl!hJ

\Vhill'-fwnll'd GrH I~l' \\\'J ....' rl',:!ul"rJ~' ri)lI[hJ hUI lhillt' \\'l'tl' :-,,'1'1) ill [")'),'I,/t)4

01\)1'1 WIHl,'ling \v<llkl''' illld \vild(owl P[\':--'l'l)1l1klutk GJl'yLI:~ GIIII'-l' I,~J(-,: 19l):'i/')(-,(Sh('h,llh.'k i I..I.I{)O: 1995/96L Wi,!fI.'\111 i:'i,9/ro: 19'-.15/9h l: T,',II (~ ..1.[lJ: l':IlJ:'1-<)('II: (\:\,Illard1,."2x: J995/1.)6), Pinl:lfll"F: 1995/96;, Sllu'.' ...'krlK..j.: 1995/1.)6L Tlltl,'t1 Dlld\.L~72:

J995/9(I). S"':{lUP i 12 [: [995N6/. I<.in,~l'd Pkl\\'( l2..j.fl: (91),,'i/'}('.I_ GJt'~ PI(I\\'r (i','in:

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J9\.})/tJhL A numb,'l' of \\'inlCflJlI;! )!ulJ\ at'l' ,Ihll pn"l'lll. lJ)L'llldinl! EH;lck-hl';I\.lt.od Gull(2,216: 19t)::;/i){1}, ((IHlIl1oJl Gull i ,~h6: I tJ'.))i9{)) dl)ll Ll' ......('[ Rl,H:k-h,t~'kL'llGull i 1(HI:

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Indlldlll~' Lrpwin:;, Dunlill. Snipl' and l~l'd"h"Jlk, It ahl' pl\I\'kks ,lI)lrnp~lt1;l!ll

:'ld,!;!illeJ !!t',)und fCll' :-:Pt'Ul'<; such ,I" Blad":-l;likd G<.\t!tI.J( ,md (ilc'L'Il,b:lnk,

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Matt MacDonald Ireland Ltd.Limerick County Council

26268700007n.doc

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:-.il,', Tlll'~l' indu(k f\'ll'giJll' hilct.ln L~- \ j1aH~J. SWld\\k'h 1'('nl I J-I pailS un Rill

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111dllt.k' l\.itlJ\\·,lkl.' l(\t)O [l;lil~ ,tl. L.H.Ij) H"dd. 11)«;7, .Hld GlIilklill1l 1-101(1 iJ1dJ\'llfll.ll~.1l

LIH~f\ Ht:",ld. IlJ~7i

llwJ'c' is;1 l',';-..idl'lll pOjlUbli(HI llf BI'>Hk-n;~sl'dDolphin in I.lll' SllannliJl Estuary

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also [(:,I,'d on Atlll('x II nl'lhis dill'diVL'. I:' 1'(tJl\[\);Hlly t'ollo,llln Illl' sil.l',

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rl\\'1 sy;-..l:.'ms III I£l'Iand \Vhi-..:t1I'I!I\l;lin ,Ill dlfl'l' '(lL'(ll'S or LUlIjHl').

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J;razinr ,1Ih.l jllt,ldlln,!!. I'dudl Ill' lilt' land ;ld.l<ll't'nl Il.I lIlt' lh\'J~ ;lI\d :;.'SW,llll':' h:l;-.. hl'l'llimpJ\I\\~d III I,'d.l!nwd and l:' pco(t'clnl hv l'lllbanklllL'JH:-. (l'<;fil""id[\~' .dl~ll,! llll' h'l('lIS

[::;tlI,lJy I. FUl'lh('1. rt'd<tlllal.inn \'OJ1llnUt" 1\.1 P(lSl" it {hl';;',ll ,,~(ill Ililud tL'lil'l "';Irks il' ..~.

df;.'dgln~ or [iWl:--1. Gr;tvL'll'xlra','llnn po:-,,~:-, a Jlht.jl)f {hl\'al I III lllt' Fl',tlL'.

rn 11lL' PdSI. Cu!d-t"J.I'\ <5j 'dl'fina "p. i \\',,\ pLlJltl'd tu ibslst in 1,1I1d n.'cl;llll.lliun. Thi\hil:-' :'IYC,ld \\'iddy. dnd Ill'l) nll:-.I k~;-.. \'Jgnnllh l".1lunj'I'(:' I'll' Jl!ud dJh.l m,ly a[:,o ledlll'l'

fIll' "n',1 or' IlHldlL!( .t\,lilahlL' til ll~,'dinp birds,

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lilt' ShdJ1ntll\ ;llllJ \Vat('c PI)1l1J(irlg IIPl~J,I(i(ln\ art' pl 1tl'lItLil tllll';th.

h::;!lini! J\ ,I l1l<linltlllci:;1 ;ttlr;ll'lilln ,Ill lht' Shilllnl1l\ ;lIld Illl'Jl' ,tll';l lin'),!,' numl't'l IffAn!:'k'l A"t'I,'i:i1lliI\S, 'O[\ll' with .1 nUllItwr 1)1' hl'ilt;-... Fl;-..hin,~ ;-..Idlhl<; dnt! ;-"I~;k;-.. !l,IY,'h't'n l'rl'd,'d Jrl pl,l\:l'~. Thl' Ri\\'l' t-:',\IlL' i:, ,l d("l~nd{,'dS,tIIHI)[\id W.t\('f Ulhkr til,'

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26268700007n.doc

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n;l[,lbly <: IOllih'LII,lW BdY ,Ule! F\.ul ll.l'he 11)' B~IY. ,l~ \\,l'll ..1\ Ilw lnll'cnd,ll ,H"'i1~ UIJ [hl'~ollill :--1101(' 1)( 11K SII:1I1IWlllwl\·1.'1'1'(l Tarhl'rl ,\l)d Bl'.d Poinl,

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pr:":'''l'nl i\ a ..t!U('('!Hli- \t!'ohinu'<Iriu-N(/'!'is CllB\Jllllnily \vludJ pl\'\'kk'~ ,I rklJ ((101.\

[l'';('lllt\'': 1'111 Ill,' wille"lin.!! hnh. (llbl'[ :;pe,,·it'~ tH:\.'l1rrin~ iHI'llld\' ('["HUll"n Cockk( 'i'I'u'.\'[",},'.'!NC; ,··dld,'). Lu::,wunn /.·\l','I1/, a/a 1II1lrinui. Ilk' pnly,:Il'fl'l.l.' ;\"'/'lln',I'

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fl'!j'(JliulI!i. Thrit'l Unl!Crid .II!,/i'irilflii J. Sl'a-mith·\/lln H..7/"·iL\ JIlI/rili/ill! I. ':-l',l PIJlluin

(r'iIUi.'lig(l.m(//'irill/lll. Rl'd F,'$lIl' iFni!lca mhreil JJH.I S,dlnl.lf:--tl Rl1~h '-'iIl.',·:!1

x<'I'u.I'diL In thl' ilHlVlLllnS! pdrh uf trk' l''\(U,lri(· .... tll(' tidal dl,lfllWls (it' LT('l'k" :f1efrin::!,'d \';JCh "j\'Cll':> \[)c!l ,l:-- ('I IllHllon Rl'l't! 1r'hro.l!.lni[cs cillstrlllisl ,tnd dub-ru"hl'\('It {lI'il:, I.'wriliJliU:'. ). iUli!srl'i... 'lIb~p. fuhcnl<le/i/Ollluui}. Ab;I!I!lInd h llll' J);llhl[\,llly

r<lcl.' Tli,lIJ,;uLlr Clllh-rll'h L':.c1rjl!/\ [n"ll/daL Ehl'wl1l'rl' illlil<.' ,jk Ill,' shllrl:' !tIl('<.'(ltnprj ...c:-< ';1~}rlY' (II \!lill,L"k k ..h:llt':-,.

TJw :--il<' i~ lilt' Illll\{ impl,r(\lIlll'(!,,~lalwetland silt' in thl' l'tlllllily and rt'~lIl<1rly

~llj1j1$n'" in l''\,\'S\ ill <;0.000 \\·llll:..'frng \\'all'rfowllllll'an o( ."9.1 ;'U (I'l lJll' ~

~l'iI";I)(J'" 1')I)h-97 [tl 1';199/001. it ,'w)n'rHr;tti{l1l ea:-.i1y llJ illl,'rfldlinlldl imp,lrlalh':l'.

Thl' ~il<' hit:> lIlkm,llHI!\ally Implill,HJI popllialtons of DUlllin I 1~.(:l871. Hlad;-["ih'd

Gndwj{ (7(16) and Rl,t.!\hilllk (1.9.':.'.1 - all rigllrl'~ afe :JVt'ra¥l' Iwa/-;' fIll .1, ot' 11K' ')

~(';ISl)rl\ j n liw 1<.)95/l)(~-1 ~}99/1)(I pl'r[;:I(.I. A funhl'] 16 ~pel'Jl" haw POI)ul<ll.itln:, 01l)<I[i\lfl,d impl)rtallcl'. Lt'. C~'lJllnf"J)( I J -tx I. \\' hoopl'l SW,tll I 141 l. Grl'yl<tp (i'.H,ISl'

r;;::\j, SI1l'ldw:k (x':!)l. Wigeun f.~.H25J. Tl',d {I.S5Sl. Pilll.1d I;.JO/. Shul,dl't l:,hL

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;lInltJ\g the I\lO';{ iIHp(lrt,Hll in 1111..' ~:ntllllry k,C \l''il'ra] or Ihl'S~' :'pl'cil' .... IWldhl)'DUlllill I I J l:~ nf nalw!l,tltoLlil. Gr(')' Pln\'l~r (7 ..<:',"( d ("udl. Llpwin:-; {6.5(; (,j

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26268700007n,doc

Th,' Shannon! Fer)!u" sySll'm \\'il"; ronn(~rly 1'1 ('qllenl,'d h:\' :, Gn:,'nhrld \\/hi(('I'rOn(l'(( ('"IUS(' pnplll,tl.i;Jn bUl tIll:' ("'din,:d durin:! tIll' f 9S0s and (99(h ilnd Ill,'birds (h'\\' iipp,':lt ,lpp,'ilr (l) hil"\' abanduncd the ,/1\';(, TIlt' SI((' provid,':'\ b,'~lh

fL'l',.fin:? ;lnd rnnsl.ing dl\~as h.tr Ilk~ \I:inlcring bird:, Habll:ll qll<l[ily (i',r IHO<;( o( Ill,'l~sIU,Hilk' lIahil;lls i" W'I'HI Snflw sp,'ci,'s, 1

':1[1 {,'ulndy \V hO\ljJl~r Swan ;lllt! GIl'yJag

Goo",\ ulili~l' ilrl~as ;.\llhide (It" tI)(' sile 1,)1' ll'l'ding,

Apart t[oJllllle w{lHerin!? bj['d~, LU~l' Humb,'rs nf '(lrlll' ,p:xi,"; ~ds(I pass Ihn1ugll (h,'~ik' whi!sll\[\ migr:lf.jllH in 'pein,\! and/or :llIntHIlI. Re;ll!;u SPl":]"'; indudl' RLlCl;Lliled GOd\\'IL \Vhitnl'll'l and Grl'l'rl:-.himk.

I\ludl ,)( I h(' land ildjill:l'lll hi llle rivers :mel l'slllarlL'\ kr, Ill'ell J'l'Claimd <ind lrnprnVL\.1fur :lgJi('lIl:tllrl' and h prot,'(I,'d by l'mbankml'Jl{\ (l'''p~~ci,'lllyalong thl' Ri$'( h'rgu..;,~sllI;t1y I. FlIrHwf 1'l'c1i1l11ali,I!l. l'~lx"'i:t1ly Ileal' t{l the lllhilniscc! dlld industrial ,llt';l~

r{lJ]linut'~ (0 po,;(' a 1!l!"~'H. TIl(' silc' !'t~(,'j\\'S Jk~]lulipn flom st'vl'ral sllun.'l's. iIKludlll~:

industry and agrkll llil (l', lIlll II 1\ n~\t knuwn ii thi~ 1l,IS <lily signiikwll illl(Xl([:-' l)n tllt'\\'int,'rln¥ bil'd~. Aqll;lcliltlI!'e lIccurs in SUJlll' 'Ill''';\ ur tlle ,iI,' - fllllln.' InClt'as('s In thi\;ICl]':ily could (dUS,' dislllJ!urKl' It.l dll' habitals illld (he a:-'\(lcialed birds. Cflmmtlll(;.lld-gLISS (\lJuUil!(i' rilly/i, ,n i..; \\i('II-(':--ublisl1,'d Wid !'liil}' tlm',llt'n SI-.r,ll' (If Ib,'t'SI lIarint' h;lbilah. ');.1[$,: d iSHll'halH.'(' UCdll S frrtm hp;j(i ng ad iv it it'S.

This Sik j.; of grc:tl 11millw[f1.i!il'al ink!'cs!. b,'ing Ill' Inkllldllunal lmp'.l1'I;IIlU' 1.)11

il(TOllltl ut' thl' Jll!mbl~I':'- uf \vinlc'lin!:' birds il sup[)(lr1S It ;t1S(I "npp'.llTs inl,~JJl,lti\Hlillly

imjHmarl( llUltlt.WfS (ff rllll'l' "I','cies. Lt' Dlllllin, BladH'likd (i\ldwit and Red ...II,lflh.In addltil)lt therl' al(' I (1 ~Pl'l:j(', tlMIIH)V,: pllpuJati'.'!Il~ (d' llittJ~'Il:d illlp",rtaIKl', Flf(

sl'wral (If Il).; bird ~[X'~'j"" il h I.he lOp ,itt' jJl ilK' l~lHlJllr}'. At~\1 or I\Ul,' j" that Ihl,'(' 1\1Ilw sr,',:i:;.'~ which nedll Il'9.11I:l1'1y arl' listed nil Alllll'\ I of rl1t' E.l', B]lds Dircdi\'('.i,('. \VhOOPl.'f Swart G""ld~'1l Pl(1\\~r iiJld RaHailt'd G\l{.hvit. The silt' is IlH!sl

dlt'Cltvdy l',~n~lbl'd frnrn lhe 'lir ,.tnd (/Iis is ":,IITied (l1I( in most wil1t,'r~,

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Molt MacDonald Ireland Ltd.Limerick County Council

26268700007n.doc

Appendix 0 Consultation Response

Cl)fr~r!st)J."J;~~: OI(~hf~,l(;t't ~01~S f~ici!'o:; A!';jif

Environment, Heritoge on!llQcol Government

Our w·· I:~O(,'1·X4

Your Ref a,;'.!,:,'" RMc!::AIl1'"

M.i Ril\! Vlel:·,,':•.\,nlt fl.1adl,,,,,1d Pcr·ll.5 l:..~i$t~:l~~ /\ V(.... llIle.

l.iHk~ 1~lalld.

t'o. Cork.lrd.ud.

r--.---------.------.~ott MacDonald Irciand

- 9 SEP IOn~

'------..•...1.-L....J. -L. _

R.c L:lUtric~ COUIllY c"Un(i!- WaSie \\:,lh.:r ni:;~'lur:!:,: L.:l.:<!lll,,'l.' :\ppli,::t1;fJII C..tp:l;)IIl(J::...· & CahaC"l~l'li:-h I'f(';,lW}~:lt

I'lafliS.

(ldt:1' 10 ,.OLr I~LeJ' dare.d ~Y" JU!y ':~)o9.PI~i.l.-;t" lJO:' l:I~1~ it i~ II\.~: rh;:- rok' ot'Ihl3 l)~p:1rtm<'Il: t{Il.:ct;.:'(i\li:·"IC ..;:h<.~t:lc:· thedist~\~"gt?:;. ~re·m ~hc: W:l:-;:c \\"i.tt':r tr.:a~IIi~i1t ;ll~utt'\ III qth.:~lH\·1 ""' "II or \·",ill ~'.ot !tll\": a )i~~·lifi\.~€mf C;frl'(f on C':\., :,,' .:\Tl R/\2000 S It'~. T~\c' ;i ...t'lbil'~ allthoril~ !Ins ;:lr~i.lr:)' d;':~l~r:llin.:'d ~h:lt t111.~Y art" Id.c1y ~(; and lh' \'t~ry p:JrposC' of c:Jrl'.\ h[' -.)1.11

the :lpprepriah;" ~~_"'~;l':-,~rllc.lIt is It-J jetc.nH.nc ~hl.· ("_().:1 '\i~wi;tCiln('c, ~;,'.;,i1l~ mili:z,atioJ! 'Oft). a~~t:(,Unl. I~)r th~' r.t":n'r~~:l ~ilc

ot'thc:st' <..Ii::;{.II;lr.g~:-.,

In ulrryir~ f.)~ll lhe Ztppr0priak a,s.:'eS';1'1i'1lt. n~~,arJ ;)c\.-'o,,; ~tl had (0 1I;~ J()I!(l'..\"hg i'':::-'lle;.;: th: lOul l\Jad"l~ f'ro:lI U.etn':J:n:~u p1i.ml:-; ,111 thl.: ri\'L'r~ (lhJl jll.:..( It.·~· (:()IH.";;,'111:-::1riOt~ l~frl:~ ..·fr<lc"l1tj: Uh..~ prt·,j ...·c ..·d ill\:r<:~~ ir t)::dil\~ ov,,:,·lq.,: h(tooffl~l' :)(;111(:< lilt' iJ" I,l:l lil.'l' fr:wt Ilh'I,IIft)r-t;~~l1l ~il<..": Ib!·II1II'.h.. 1 at 10\\' !'in:;- \1.';);:::r k\·c1s: r('~s.ih1L· milig,alHIII ro;:;:stln:~; (Ibf(~X;l')lP;C~ flt1h~r (r\~~:r11i,,'I:l) ,J~d the n:~I:;i...II'I.'j r~lr L11(.;' d"'::.i.~:lUli'.HI ~!:~ lb: :)ite~. i/1 r::".~3rd 1D Uk' :.\ ... t priinl. the 1I1r;.\:~(: ~)n

11();Hin~ riv(;r v"':;..::;I\!Oll • ...\llall~i<..: ... ;1:fl1("" <:t:ld '.Ill2'\:' ~pc:ci~~'io (.,f lampl\'y Hre Ih(: m(\~1 rWrlircn~ i:oi..,lI":s.

llh;.' ,}:'~l':;.~nWlll shn.tld ~;Ike illt ....·, ~lCCt.:t:.Jlt lin: -i,."-UllH,b!i\"t ill'pi'.-.:.l \,111 Ih:: Eururean ~,,\\.': 0: ttl:,,,", <.k:\".;i0FII';I\tS - 1~1

?::lrtin:~i~': illihis <':,I~t.', olher \I"~;':'l(,.· '.,;,·al<.:r Jj,;>ckll"gL'.~ • a~ rtt.lIlf ...·;j llt....h....; Arlic\: (, ,~"';'{hl..~ Hat>:r~'":~ I ,.rt:etl .....~.

Lc gach dC;1-mlli.::ll

Tony O'Flynr.J)n\"oplIlcnl i\l'plj~atitlns1."nil1':1<.'1I~: () I ~l\ln I ()O1-.-111ai I: lOll)' .-:)11 ylllliil'('Il\'iwll. i~'

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th IN~:;;;;;::;WTE(;;;;;-1 · The final effluent design limits are as follows: BOD SS N03 NH3 P 5...

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Transcript of th IN~:;;;;;::;WTE(;;;;;-1 · The final effluent design limits are as follows: BOD SS N03 NH3 P 5...