Textual analysis portfolio doreen lang
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Transcript of Textual analysis portfolio doreen lang
Introduction
This portfolio of three textual analyses concerns with a topic of the disputable attitudes towards Muslims, which is due to gap between cultures and the misunderstanding towards Muslim society. However, it’s not only a problem about Muslims themselves but also a problem that lies on every body around the world. As globalization progresses, all human beings need to face the inevitable controversy between different cultures and identities. Therefore, it’s necessary to do case study on other culture in order to learn ourselves better. This portfolio aims to study the hidden messages and effects caused by different text types and different perspectives by breaking down various stylistic features in three texts.
There are three text types in this portfolio of textual analyses: a news article, a homepage, and a speech. Firstly, an online news “ Muslim Students Demand that University Cancel Showings of American Sniper”, written by Gina Cassini published on Top Right News on 6 March 2015 reports how a Muslim student of the U. Missouri started debate in the campus by demanding to have the film American Sniper’s debut canceled, but failed at last. Secondly, the homepage of a website of an organization called Muslim Council of Britain presents news about various topics concerned about Muslim and Islamophobia. Thirdly, “The Beauty and Diversity of Muslim Life”, is a four minute speech performed by a Muslim American called Bassam Tariq in October 2014 on Ted, which the speaker shares about his personal experiences of letting people know more about Muslim culture.
Generally, the topic is portrayed through different perspectives and opinions. They together depicted the diverse appearances of Muslim culture as identity of creator changes and allow us to see things with a more harmonious and placid way.
Textual Analysis for News Article
“ Muslim Students Demand that University Cancel Showings of American Sniper”, written by Gina Cassini, is a news article published on 6 March 2015 on a news website called Top Right News from the United States. The author of this article questions and condemns the decision made by the student government of University of Missouri of remaining neural at the end and of not Kirmly refusing the demands of the Muslim students. In this analysis, I will analyze and breakdown this term in term of its stylistic devices, its intended audience and at last tone and mood generated by the article. The article reports how a Muslim student of the U. Missouri started uproar and debate in the campus by demanding to have the Kilm American Sniper’s debut canceled, but failed at last. In the article, the author quotes many of the student’s and also student’s government’s quotations to clarify the whole process. Between the lines, despite the other elements, such as the tone and the diction, the major part of the copy is quite an objective narration of the incident itself. No Kirst place is used and language is often direct and formal. However, at the conclusion of the article, the author actually turns to express her own subjective opinion and reveals an opposing attitude towards the method of the student government by saying “What? So an anti-‐American Muslim wackjob calls an American hero a murderer and racist, and demands censorship of a Kilm about his life — and the Mizzou students council agrees to “educate” students that this radical Islamist might be right?” where the author infers the Muslim student directly and boldly as “anti-‐American”, “wackjob” and infers the main character in the Kilm as “American hero”.
One could say the theme of this article is the conKlict between different ideologies. According to a source the author uses in her article, the newspaper of the school reports that “many took offense to the article … [and] a common thread in the debate is the tension between free speech and a student’s right to feel safe on campus”, which regards the whole event as a conKlict between the ideology of the freedom of speech and of student’s right to feel safe on campus. The purpose of this article at beginning is simply informing the whole event, however at the end of this article, one could detect that the purpose turns out to condemn the way the student government of the U. Missouri dealt with the incident that it displayed a neutral position and compromised to that Muslim student. This is evidenced by last paragraph where the author says, “Something is rotten at U. Missouri, and the alumni better step in, but fast.” From this quote, it is clear to tell that by calling for alumni’s intervention, the author implies her condemnation of the student government’s decision. By viewing the layout of the news website and the news article, the target audience might be local and domestic audiences from the United state who are familiar with the website because the news it reports mainly focuses on the domestic news of United States, not global news. Moreover, the website concentrates most of its news on Islam, immigration, and guns as its topics and sections divided.
The words “government”, “Obama”, “Muslims”, “Radical Terrorism” are frequently found on the major page of the website. It shows a great tendency of anti-‐ Muslim and anti-‐ government maybe due to the context of America. Also, the language used in the website is often informal and subjective. Therefore, it is likely that the target audiences are people who are concern with the domestic situation of America and also one could say that the target audiences of the website are people from United States, who might hold biased opinions towards people with different skin color and religion. The structure of the news article is simple but the choice of images contributes to the purpose of the text. The news article includes a lead, two images, and a copy. Below the lead, the author puts a combined image of both the main character from the Kilm and also the image of two Muslim girls speaking in front of people. While one can’t tell whether the author intentionally makes the image of the American Sniper bigger than the image of the one with two girls, considering the subjectivity of the website, it is likely that the author enlarges the image of the man to emphasize the impression of “hero” of the man in contrast to the other images. Half way through the article, below a quotation from the Muslim student, the author puts a photograph of the Muslim student standing with two hands on her waist. Again, considering the website’s tendency of being subjective, it is reasonable to say that the author intentionally picks this photograph to deliver a message that this Muslim student is aggressive and dominant. Especially when the author places this image below an aggressive quotation from this student, it even makes the impression to the audience stronger. The diction of this article is very interesting to spot in, especially the adjectives and verbs that are used by the author. Firstly, the verb “demand” used through out the article gives the audience the impression of “aggressive and powerful”. Starting from the beginning, in the lead the author already intentionally implies the audiences of the Muslim student “demanding” instead of begging or even pleasing. Through out the whole articles, she even used the word demand for three times, which actually shapes audiences’ perspectives towards the event imperceptibly. Furthermore, the author uses similar verbs like “denounce”, or even “declare” to approach her purpose. In contrast, other media use “state” and “said” while reporting the event. For example, College Fix reported that “student Farah El-‐Jayyousi had stated.” Therefore, the way of diction helps the author to reach her purpose of making the audiences feel being offended and even infringed. Another example for how the diction shapes audiences’ perspectives and at the same time reveal author’s intention is the way the author uses adjectives. When the author was describing how the Muslim student was demanding for the cancel of the showing of the movie, she uses the word “bizarrely” to describe the student’s action, which is a total subjective judgment that indicates author’s potential opposing attitude. For more evidence, it is also obvious to tell the author’s intention when she describes how the student government “the students association reluctantly said the Kilm would be shown as scheduled on April 17 and 18…insanely appease El Jayyousi’s Sharia demand...” The adjective insanely and “reluctantly” shows her disapproval towards the way the student government dealt with the event, which directly affects audiences’ attitude by giving this impression that, the student government tends to be on Muslims’ side. The author also uses bold face font to affect the audience and to reach the effect she wants. The author often uses bold face to emphasize the message she herself wants the audience to pay attention on. For example, while using the report from college Kix, the author only highlight the sentence “…referred to Chris Kyle, the Navy SEAL featured in the :ilm, as “a killer with no regard for human life.”, which shouldn’t be the focus point of the whole report but would possibly would arouse somebody’s strong distaste and uncomfortable emotion because of the common hero worship among America.
This news article has generally a tone of disapproval. The Kirst part of the text has a very objective tone on the surface, however, by using several stylistic devices introduced above, the atmosphere is turned into a sardonic one. For instance, in the second paragraph, the author uses bold face to emphasize how the Kilm makes the student “feel ‘unsafe’”, which seemly shows author’s mocking attitude, and also generates a mood of disapproval on the audiences. Later in the conclusion part, the author Kinally stands out to speak for herself as she questions about student government’s method. Although she doesn’t use really irritating words through the conclusion, the way she questions and makes inference helps to agitate the audiences and leaves a huge space for the audience to feel angry and anxious about. The questioning tone also intensify the emotion expressed and thus appeals to pathos and reinforce the message she wants to express in this news article. To sum up, the author approaches her purpose to condemn the student government and also to agitate her target audiences by using stylistic devices, such as diction, aggressive images and bold face. The article creates a questioning tone overall and generates an anxious and disapproval mood among the audiences. Therefore, although this news article is subjective and real biased, the author reaches her goal and purpose successfully considering its context and target audience.
Textual Analysis for homepage of mcb.org.uk
This text is a web page from the website of an organization called the Muslim Council of Britain. The Muslim Council of Britain is a national representative Muslim umbrella body and this web page aims to solicit more donations for the organization and also to promote ideology of respect and love by reporting news about various topics concerned about Muslim and Islamophobia. The following essay will analyze the web page in the term of its stylistic devices, its intended audience and at last tone and mood generated by the web page. The homepage overall is a platform to present the works the organization has done to improve the status of Muslims in Britain. It contains News that report the recent activities of the organization that helps to shape reliable Kigure and it also has Donate section that attracts more people to donate to the organization. The main purpose of this web page is to solicit more donations and attention for the organization. Firstly, the news presented on the website is all concerned with the activities the organization has done. It shows that the creator wants users to know more about the organization and what it has done so that they feel safer to donate. For instance, news reported on the homepage titled “MCB Writes to DfE about Primary School Children Given Divisive Homework on Palestine”, reports that MCB wrote to director general of DfE to raise the problem that students in a primary school had been given “factually incorrect and very divisive homework sheet asking them to give examples of Palestinian ‘terrorists’” to a national level. The creator wants to show the target audiences how the organization concerns with every injustice and inequality happen in the country. This increases the reliability of the organization and helps to shape a positive impression, which advocates and encourages more people to donate. The news that can also demonstrate the purpose is the news “March against Islamophobia”. It’s an activity supported by the organization and this news functions the same way as the last one while it reassures the potential sponsor with evidence that the organization tries to solve the problem step by step initiatively. Another key subheading is “Donate”. Under the big title of “Donation”, the creator puts a concise introduction about donation and also a button saying “Donate”. The one-‐button donation design encourages the users to donate because it makes the users feel it’s such an easy thing to donate for this organization.Therefore, its main purpose is to attract donation and attention for the organization. The home page of the web page consists of four parts. On the top of the page, the creator gives a space for the date and social media icons. Below that the creator puts a logo of the organization in red background and also a navigation, including 8 subtopics, such as “about MBC (abbreviation for the Muslim Council of Britain)”, “Get involved” and “News” in order to give the users a general insight of what the website is about and also provides convenience for the users to look for things they want to know about. Following that is an interactive part where when the users click the button indicates “next”, image will change and on every image there’s a link that leads the users to another page. For example, the initial image that is shown on this part is an image of a pen and a notebook; besides the notebook, there’s a line saying “Islamophobia & Anti-‐ Muslims” and below that is a button saying, “Report the Incident” encouraging the users to click on that and ask for help.The interactive images also function as one form of navigation that guides the users in a more direct and appealing way, encourages the users to know more about the website. The bigger space under the interactive images is the part for important activities and relevant information of the organization, including subheadings for a donate section, news updates, press releases, and community news.
The creator uses convention of website that usually the biggest part of the web page is about most recent and important news of the website to let the users see the most important and most recent news and activities of the organization easily. At the button left of this part, there’s also one video section under the multimedia column, which adds more diversity and appealing elements to the webpage. There are subtitles under every section of this part which are links that can lead the users to another page because when the users move the cursor, the cursor would change its shape and the color of the titles would turn into blue. This shows that the author uses Internet convention that links are always in blue and the cursor is supposed to be changed when it is put on the links. In the last part of the home page, the creator puts a detailed navigation or category for the user to explore more about the website. The creator also puts a small introduction about the website and a button of “Find out more” that invites the users to know more about the organization itself.
The target audience of the webpage is Muslims in Britain. The webpage is Kirst obviously targeted at Muslims in Britain because of the name of the organization “ the Muslim Council of the Britain”, indicates the identity of the audience and the region the target audience is located in. Among all the Muslims in Great Britain, the website further targets various groups of Muslims. Firstly, it targets on British Muslims who suffer from Islamophobia and are eager to look for help. As mentioned, on the interactive part of the homepage, one image has a “report incident” button, which implies it wants to provide a place for Muslims to look for help. However, one could say it also targets British people who want to know more about how Muslims contribute to British society because there are many messages promoting how Muslim values have a positive inKluence on Britain. An example is that there are two out of seven images saying how Muslim culture contributes to British society in a positive way. It endeavors to tell the people the positive side of Muslim culture. Therefore, we can assume that the creator mainly targets Muslims in Britain who desire help and it also targets other British citizens who are concern with Islamophobia problems.The use of color creates a consistent style in line with web page conventions and constructs a professional appearance that entices the user to explore the web page. The homepage has a very neat color arrangement, which no more than three colors are used on the home page. This calms and comforts the users who are anxious to look for help. At the top of the homepage, the creator uses blue as the Kirst color the users shall see when they Kirst open the website. Blue is a color of peace, freedom and equality. It creates a light-‐ hearted top note for the whole homepage. Secondly, the creator uses dark red as a main color for the website. Red is a very smart choice because Kirstly, if we look at the color wheel, we can Kind that blue is almost the contrast color of red. It can catch the audience’s Kirst sight and at the same time, is not too aggressive. Additionally, dark red can connote for warmth and professionalism. Regarding the purpose of this organization, red can remind the users of caring and also reliability. In the part where news is posted, the creator uses white as the background and red as the color of the text. The white background draws audience’s attention to this part and focuses on the red text because white are the lightest color and also it emphasized the red texts. Meanwhile, the use of red on the texts creates a consistency and Kluency for the whole website, which is very reader-‐friendly. The last part of the homepage, the creator again uses red as the background color so it acts as a conclusion for the web page and also helps to create a sense of consistency.
The creator of the homepage uses a lot of stylistic features to make it reader-‐friendly. Firstly, the layout of the homepage is very neat and well-‐organized. Thus, it is more approachable for people who look for help. Also, throughout the website, the creator uses many one-‐ button design. For example, as mentioned, for donation, the creator uses one-‐button design to make the users feel that it is a very easy thing to donate for the organization. There are also many button on the website saying, “Find Out More”, which helps the users to choose the information they want to know more about. This makes the whole website very reader-‐ friendly and professional. What’s more, the navigation at the top remains on the top of the page so that the users do not need to scroll up to see other sections of this website. There are also more detailed categories place in the button of the web page for users who want to know more about one speciKic topic. The tone of this website is very docile and objective. Firstly, the use of color as mentioned creates a very warm and professional tone. Secondly, the reader-‐friendly design of the web page also helps to make the web page more accessible. Moreover, throughout the texts in the website, there’s no second person “you”. This lessens the aggressive and direct feeling generated by the texts. Instead, the language used is much more gentle and also docile. For instance, when calling for donations, the creator uses language like “Help us continue valuable work for the Muslim community in Britain.” It doesn’t beg for donation but at the same time, language such as “must” or “need” is found. Therefore, the creator keeps a very appropriate distance with the users and creates a docile and friendly tone.
The creator achieves his or her purpose of attracting more donations by using colors and several stylistic features and creating a very docile tone for the targeted audience. Thus, it is a very successful web page for such an organization that intervenes in a very sensitive subject.
Textual Analysis for the speech “The Beauty and Diversity of Muslim Life”
“The Beauty and Diversity of Muslim Life”, is a four minute speech performed by a Muslim American called Bassam Tariq in October 2014 on Ted. The speaker narrates his own stories of letting more people to know about Muslim culture by taking real actions and thus aims to encourage and persuade more Muslim Americans to really take actions to get people familiar with their beautiful culture and society. In this analysis, I will analyze and breakdown this speech in term of its stylistic devices, its intended audience and at last tone and mood generated by the speech. The speaker narrates the projects he has accomplished to let more people know more about Muslim culture. He shares three personal stories of his own in order to show evidence and examples to the audience how can they change others’ negative opinions toward them by taking actions. The speaker shares his experiences of breaking fast at different mosque in different state each night of Ramadan, how he insists to deliver an ideology of love while taking Kilm, and also how he lets more Americans familiar with Muslim culture by opening a meat store that sells sourced halal. This gradual building up of three stories creates a very powerful and persuasive tone that delights and motivates the audience to believe the speaker. Stories also function as examples to support his purpose and the ideology of Kirmly showing the beauty of Muslim culture, which thus can better persuade the audiences. The purpose of this speech is to encourage more Muslims to take action in order to let more people know about the beauty and diversity of Muslim life. The purpose is very obvious in the concluding part of the speech. “They are a visceral response to the businesses and curators who work hard to oversimplify my beliefs and my community, and the only way to beat their machine is to play by different rules. We must Kight with an inventive approach. With the trust, with the access, with the love that only we can bring, we must unapologetically reclaim our beliefs in every moving image, in every cut of meat…” From the conclusion, it is fair to say that by calling the audience “to beat their machine’ and to “reclaim our beliefs in every moving image, in every cut of meat”, the speaker aims to persuade and encourage more Muslims to reverse others’ negative opinions toward them by really paying attention on it and take action about it. The target audience of the speech is mainly Muslims who live in America that have been bothered by others’ negative attitudes towards Muslims. Firstly, the speaker shares his personal experiences as a Muslim who lives in America. Thus, the stories might be more appealed to Muslims who live in the same region with the author. Moreover, in the last paragraph, the speaker Kirst points out the current situation he faced of their culture being oversimpliKied and then the speaker uses the pronoun “We” to stand in the line with the audiences. This shows that he targets on the Muslims who are familiar with the situation but haven’t really take any actions to change the situation.The word “We” thus contributes to the purpose of persuading those who haven’t take actions to join the speaker and do something in order to change the current position. However, by viewing the transcript and considering the nature of the Ted website, there is other evidence showing one more groups of potential audience.
In paragraph six, after talking about his experience of opening meat store that sells good halal, the speaker then says “For those that don't know, halal is a term used for meat that is raised and slaughtered humanely following very strict Islamic guidelines.” From the phrase “for those that don’t know”, we can tell that the author not only targets the Muslims who know what does “halal” mean but also non-‐ Muslim people who are not familiar with the term “halal”. Also, considering the speech on Ted will be posted on line, which can be viewed by people from everywhere around the world, there are secondary audience for the speech. Therefore, it is true to say that, there are two layers of target audience of the speech. One are Muslims who live in America and are familiar with the serious situation of Muslims in America, another potential target audience of the speech is people from everywhere around the world that are not familiar with Muslim culture. The structure of this speech partially follows the convention of speech but also uses new creativities to approach his purpose of persuading people. The Kirst paragraph spoken in the speech is a controversial statement about himself” I’m a blogger, a Kilmmaker and a butcher, and I'll explain how these identities come together.” Blogger, Kilmmaker and butcher seem to be non-‐ relevant vocations, which the speaker uses the convention of attention-‐getter here to entice the audience to know more about. “I’ll explain how these identities come together” also indicates that these three vacations act as thesis statements that consist three main parts of the speech. This helps to establish a very clear insight for the whole speech and at the same time is very effective. Following by the thesis, the speaker shares three stories to explain these three controversial identities. One followed by another explains for the thesis. This accessible and simple structure makes the audience more focused on the content of the speech instead of making efforts and trying to Kigure out the relationship between structure and content. In the conclusion, the speaker sums up the three stories and points out the theme hidden behind them that they are all “visceral response to the businesses and curators who work hard to oversimplify my beliefs and my community” and states his main idea that “We must Kight with an inventive approach.” The speaker takes the opportunity to raise the level of comprehension of the three stories he shared for the reader, and thus he can deliver what he wants to tell instead of leave it to audiences and let them interpret by themselves after the speech. The line “we must unapologetically reclaim our beliefs in every moving image, in every cut of meat” echoes with the content conveyed in the body paragraph by using “every meat” to refer the project of halal, and “every moving image” to indicate his Kilm. This thus constructs a consistent and extended emotion for the reader. He also uses the convention of speech to point out the action the audience should take in the last paragraph in order to approach his purpose to persuade the audience to take action. However, the speaker doesn’t always follow the conventional structure used in speech. The speaker doesn’t show the need and the satisfaction in his speech explicitly. Instead, he hides them in the text by using various stylistic devices. He doesn’t directly say he hopes Muslims should take actions to let more people know more about Muslim culture; instead, he says “They demand us to Kind uncompromising ways to be acknowledged and respected.” Here, he uses a passive way to describe his purpose and his aim. Instead of saying we should Kind uncompromising ways, he says “They demand us to” therefore it’s less direct and less aggressive. This is also because there is more secondary target audience that needed to be considered. They have various needs and therefore it is clever for the speaker not to speak of the need directly in the body paragraph but to hide his intention in text.
The speaker comes near his purpose by using personal experiences in order to better touch the audience. Firstly, anecdotes can attract the audience because they are more approachable and appealing than accumulation of reasoning and logics. The problem with reasoning and logics is that because of the seriousness and the sensitivity of the topic in the context of America, theories may make the speech sounds even more serious that may be regarded as a speech to motivate terror attack due to the serious tone. Yet just as what the speaker has chosen to do, the use of anecdotes lessen the intense atmosphere and also add show speaker’s intention of creating a light-‐ hearted atmosphere for his speech. Therefore, the anecdotes-‐ centered speech not only appeals to readers but also helps to create a more relaxing tone for the speech. The use of humor also functions the same way as the use of stories in the whole speech. In the transcript, we can Kind a lot of “laughter” which indicates the impact the speaker’s humor causes on the audience. For example, in the Kirst body paragraph, he says “Crowds of men with beards and skullcaps were swarming the streets. It was an FBI agent's wet dream. (Laughter)” From this line, he achieves his goal to lessen the intensity by directly making fun of how FBI guys hate Muslims. Through a joke that the audience understand, the speaker pulls the distance between them closer and makes the audience feel more approachable to the speaker and the topic. The diction of the speech creates a potent and persuasive tone that helps to persuade the audience and it is particularly expressed in the last paragraph. As mentioned, in the last paragraph, the author uses the pronoun “we”, “us”, “our” referring himself and other Muslims; and he uses “they” to imply people who “work hard to oversimplify my beliefs and my community”. By using this pronoun, he Kirst pulls himself closer to his target audience, showing that he is of the same line with them. In this way, the audience can better believe in what he says and is easier to be persuaded. At the same time, he demarcates a line between “we” and “they”, “Muslims” and “bad guys” to motivate the audience because of the same reason. The speaker designs a “hypothetical enemy” to intensify tone in order to infatuates audiences’ motivations and also to solicits for taking actions. Furthermore, the speaker also uses other words in the conclusion that contribute to a Kirm tone. He uses aggressive and direct words to constructs an exciting effect among the audience. For instance, the words “beat”, “Kight”, “fail” and “trumped” are all assertive words that can greatly inKluence the target audience because they resonate with the basic desires of the human heart. Also, the speaker puts two “damn” in the last paragraph to express his excited emotion because the use dirty words conventionally represent for extreme emotion and enthusiasm. Therefore the use of dirty words also contributes to persuade the audience by using pathos. General speaking, this speech has a very impassionate and energetic tone that can motivate the audience. As mentioned above, the diction contributes to purpose a lot by using assertive scene verbs and very emotional words, such as “damn” and “Kight”. The syntax also helps to portray the tone of the speech. For example, in the last paragraph, the speaker uses anaphora: “With the trust, with the access, with the love that only we can bring, we must unapologetically reclaim our beliefs in every moving image, in every cut of meat…” In this sentence, the speaker uses anaphora to intensify and also to quicken the pace of the sentence, which helps to create a provoking and delighted tone. To sum up, the speaker successful approaches his purpose of persuading more Muslims to take actions to change the current situation by using stylistic devices like diction and syntax, which help to create a delighting tone.
ReflectionThe three texts that have been analyzed reflect different attitudes toward Muslim people
and Muslim culture. They are similar in some ways as three creators stand with three different positions. They firmly voice for themselves and start out from their own perspectives and emotions. That’s why although the content and tone are different, people can see a consistent style while viewing three texts, which completely different perspectives and positions are presented. This helps people to have a more vivid insight on the topic of the controversial attitudes towards Muslim culture.
Nonetheless, the treatment of the topic also differs among three different text types. Firstly, the content and perspective are different. The news article shows the tendency of islamophobia as it intentionally portrays Muslim people in a negative way. Meanwhile, both the homepage and the speech demonstrate the strong conviction that there’s beauty in Muslim culture. This is shaped by context of creators. Also, three texts are different in tone. The news article has a subjective and disapproval tone while the homepage has a docile tone and the speech has a delighted and energetic tone. The different tones can result in different effect on audience and are all shaped by different perceptions of creators. More importantly, all three texts use different stylistic features to approach their purpose. For instance, the news article uses different font to emphasize her condemnation towards the student government; the webpage uses consistent style of color and clear layout in order to consulate the target audience; the speech applies anaphora to create an energetic tone that can better persuade the audience… However, despite the different devices and paths creators use to reach the goal, all devices serve for one topic and all have contribution on the final effect of the text in a most direct way.
To sum up for the portfolio, three successful but different texts demonstrate for us how one topic differs because of different perspectives in different text types. It allows us to peek through the window into a more vast and complicated world that the Muslim culture can be viewed in so many ways. Through the textual analysis, people can also see the hidden literary techniques that are used by creators to approach their secret purpose. At the end of this portfolio, it is important that people should pay more attention on daily mass media communication and be careful of how these disguised monsters influence who you are and what the world is like. Don’t be fooled by mass media. Notice that there’s always a purpose and there’s always a context. Be conscious mass media are not unchangeable dominant god, the way you interpret is the only thing that can take over your life.