textiles ppt

8/13/2019 textiles ppt

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Identifying fabric is important. More important is thecomparison of fabrics. This makes us know the truequality of a fabric by differentiating it from itssubstitutes. The following slides gives a completeinformation upon different types of fabric at a glance.It gives information about the weaves of the fabric, itscharacteristics and the uses, the important part of

comparison.

CHARACTERISTICS OF TEXTILE FABRICS

Jyothirmai . S. Asst. Professor ,F&T


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AcetateA synthetic or manufactured fiber with a silky luxuriousappearance.CharacteristicDries easily and resists absorbing moisture.CareMost acetate fabrics will need to be dry cleaned for their care.Some newer pieces of clothing are being made with acetateknits. Some of these newer pieces are able to be washed.UseFrequently used fabric in clothing and home furnishing uses.



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Bedford cordA cord cotton-like fabric with raised ridges in the

lengthwise direction.A heavy fabric with a lengthwise ribbed weave that

resembles corduroy.CharacteristicHigh strength and a high durability.CareCan be hand washed and dry cleaned.

UseOften used for upholstery, work clothes, suitings, coatings,

riding breeches, and uniforms.



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Boucle (boo-klay)A knit or woven fabric made from a rough, curly, knottedboucle yarn.CharacteristicHas a looped, knotted surface.Bulky.CareNeed to be hand washed or dry cleaned in order to preventthem from becoming damaged.To prevent shrinkage, it should be laid flat to dry.UseUsed in sportswear and coats.



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Broadcloth (Brawd-kloth)A plain weave tightly woven fabric, characterized by a

slight ridge effect in one direction, usually the filling.The most common broadcloth is made from cotton or

cotton/polyester blends.CharacteristicExtremely sturdy, smooth, supple and soft.Closely woven with smooth finish.

CareOnly dry cleaning can be done.

UseUsed in furniture and luxury car interiors, shirts, dresses,

particularly the tailored type in plain colors, blouses,summer wear.



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BrocadeA thick and heavy, exquisite jacquard type fabric with an all-over raised pattern or floral design that is woven.CharacteristicHighly lustrous, silky, and relatively soft fabric.CareRequires special care.To preserve the qualities of brocade fabric, it is

recommended that it be dry cleaned.UseCommon end-uses include formal applications such asupholstery, draperies, and eveningwear. It is excellent formaking clothing, accessories, and decorations



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ChallisA plain weave fabric with a slightly brushed surface. The fabricis often printed, usually in a floral pattern. Challis is most oftenseen in fabrics made of cotton, wool, or rayon.CharacteristicSoft and very light-weighted.Silky and drapes well.CareHand wash only.Do not wring.Dry flat.Use

Used in women s and children s dresses and blouses, kimonos,neckties, and sportswear.



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ChambrayA plain woven fabric that can be made from cotton, silk, ormanufactured fibers, but most commonly cotton. Incorporatesa colored warp (often blue) and white filling yarns.CharacteristicStrong fabric with a smooth surface.Soft and comfortable with a slight lustre.Soft coloring which causes it to appear faded.

CareTumble dry or hang dry.UseUsed in childrens wear mens wear blouses aprons napkinsbed skirts and curtains.



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ChiffonA plain woven lightweight, extremely sheer, airy, and soft silkfabric, containing highly twisted filament yarns.Made from rayon and other manufactured fibers.CharacteristicElegant and sheer, transparent and thin with a very slightlyrough feel to it.Light-weighted, but strong.CareDry cleaning recommended .Tumbling not recommended .Do not sprinkle water on dry chiffon as it will mark .Iron while damp cool iron.UseUsed mainly in evening dresses and scarves.



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ChintzA plain-weave fabric, which has been glazed to produce apolished look.Usually made of cotton.CharacteristicShiny and lustrous.Has a polished look.Easy to maintain this fabric.CareDry clean only .Do not rub or twist or tumble.Iron while damp try from reverse side.UseMost commonly used in blouses, dresses, draperies, andslipcovers. Jyothirmai . S. Asst. Professor ,F&T


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CorduroyA fabric, usually made of cotton, utilizing a cut-pile weaveconstruction.CharacteristicWarm, durable, washable and absorbs and releases moisturequickly.Stiff and thick.CareCould be hand washed or dry cleaned .Do not wring or twist .No not iron on right side .Use cool iron on wrong side or under a damp clothUsePerfect for sport jackets and trousers.Also used for decorative purposes in upholstery and curtains.



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CottonA unicellular, natural fiber that grows in the seed pod of thecotton plant.CharacteristicDurable, strong and a very good absorbent.Very comfortable to wear due to its soft hand.CareWash or dry clean depending on the weave or knit-.Generally can be washed, tumbled and ironed.UseUsed in shirts, dresses, furniture and almost all other types ofgarment or household furnishing.



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CrepeCloth made from a highly twisted yarn giving a dull, wrinkled,crinkled or puckered appearance.CharacteristicCrinkled and puckered surface with rough feel and appearance.CareHand wash.Roll in towel to absorb moisture.Do not tumble.Iron on reverse or under damp cloth.UseDepending on weight, it is used for dresses of all types,including long dinner dresses, suits, and coats.



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DamaskA glossy jacquard fabric, usually made from linen, cotton,rayon, silk, or blends.The patterns are flat and reversible.CharacteristicReversible fabric with woven pattern.Sheds dirt.CareMay be boiled.Will look best if starched.Iron at hottest possible setting for fibre.UseOften used in napkins, tablecloths, draperies, and upholstery.



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DenimTrue denim is a twill weave cotton-like fabric made withdifferent colored yarns in the warp and the weft.Due to the twill construction, one color predominates on thefabric surface.CharacteristicGives a mottled look.Comes in heavy and lighter weights.Durable.CareWill run colour .Likely to stretch in wear and shrink in wash .Iron while damp .UsePants, caps, uniforms, bedspreads, slipcovers, draperies,upholstery, sportswear. Jyothirmai . S. Asst. Professor ,F&T


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Double ClothA fabric construction, in which two fabrics are woven on theloom at the same time, one on top of the other.In the weaving process, the two layers of woven fabric areheld together using binder threads.The woven patterns in each layer of fabric can be similar orcompletely different.CharacteristicHave two right sides or faces and no wrong side.Reversible and has high thermal protection.Low absorption.CareExtreme care required.UseUsed in Haute Couture coats and jackets, bedspreadsupholstery. Jyothirmai . S. Asst. Professor ,F&T


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FeltA non-woven fabric made from wool, hair, or fur, andsometimes in combination with certain manufactured fibers,where the fibers are locked together in a process utilizing heat,moisture, and pressure to form a compact material.CharacteristicMatted appearance.Very softCareDo not wash .Will shrink dramatically .UseOften used for card tables and baize on snooker tables.



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FlannelA medium-weight, plain or twill weave fabric that is typicallymade from cotton, a cotton blend, or wool.CharacteristicThe fabric has a very soft hand.Brushed on both sides to lift the fiber ends out of the basefabric and create a soft, fuzzy surface.CareDry clean only .Iron under a damp cloth.UseEnd-uses include shirts and pajamas and kids clothing.



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GabardineA tightly woven, twilled, worsted fabric with a slight diagonalline on the right side.Known as a year-round fabric.Polyester, cotton, rayon, and various blends are also used inmaking gabardine.CharacteristicClear finish, tightly woven, firm, durable.Wears extremely well.Inclined to shine with wear.Hard to press properly.CareDry clean onlyUseUsed for raincoats and sportswear, suitings



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Gauze

A thin, sheer plain-weave fabric made from cotton, wool, silk,rayon, or other manufactured fibers.CharacteristicVery lightweight and sheer.CareWashable.UseEnd-uses include curtains, apparel, trimmings, and surgicaldressings.



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GeorgetteA sheer lightweight fabric, often made of silk or from suchmanufactured fibers as polyester, with a crepe surface.CharacteristicCharacterized by it s crispness, body and outstanding durability.Sheer and has a dull face.CareDry clean silk or wool .Wash man made to the weakest fibres on the care label .Iron for the fibre type.UseEnd-uses include dresses and blouses.



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GinghamA medium weight, plain weave fabric with a plaid or checkpattern.CharacteristicFinely checked or striped fabric.CareGenerally can be washed, tumbled and ironed.UseEnd-uses include dresses, shirts, and curtains.



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Jersey FabricThe consistent interlooping of yarns in the jersey stitch toproduces a fabric with a smooth, flat face, and a more textured,but uniform back.May be produced on either circular or flat weft knittingmachines.CharacteristicStretchable, light-weighted and smooth.CareDry clean.Low tumble.Do not wring.Iron on reverse.Useused for knitwear or T Shirts. Jyothirmai . S. Asst. Professor ,F&T


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Jyothirmai . S. Asst. Professor ,F&T Linen


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A fabric made from linen fibers obtained from inside thewoody stem of the flax plant.One of the oldest textile fibers.CharacteristicStronger and more lustrous than cotton.Very cool and absorbent, but wrinkle very easily, unlessblended with manufactured fibers.CareDry clean.Iron on reverse side .Prone to crease very badly .Ironing while damp may help.UseOften used for tablecloths, sheets, and curtains.



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Jyothirmai . S. Asst. Professor ,F&T Muslin


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An inexpensive, medium weight, plain weave, low count (lessthan 160 threads per square inch) cotton sheeting fabric.CharacteristicCool, comfortable and cheap fabric.CareWarm wash .Iron while damp.UseIn its unfinished form, it is commonly used in fashion design tomake trial garments for preliminary fit.



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Jyothirmai . S. Asst. Professor ,F&T Nylon


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The first completely synthetic fiber developed.CharacteristicsHigh strength and excellent resiliency.Superior abrasion resistance and high flexibility.Elastic, easy to wash and is quite lustrous.Returns easily to it s original shape and is non absorbent.Fast drying, resistant to some dyes.CareWarm hand wash or dry clean .Cold rinse.Drip dry.Sensitive to heat: do not require ironingUseUsed in women s hosiery, knitted or woven lingerie, socks andJyothirmai . S. Asst. Professor ,F&T


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Jyothirmai . S. Asst. Professor ,F&T Organdy


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A stiffened, sheer, lightweight plain weave fabric, with amedium to high yarn count.CharacteristicCrispness is due to a finish with starch and calendaring whichwashes out.Wrinkles badly unless given a wrinkle-free finish.Stiff transparent delicate fabricCareHand wash in cool soapy .Iron on right side while dampUseEnd-uses include blouses, dresses, and curtains/draperies.



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Jyothirmai . S. Asst. Professor ,F&T Organza


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A crisp, sheer, lightweight plain weave fabric, with a medium tohigh yarn count , made of silk, rayon, nylon, or polyester.CharacteristicFine, sheer, lightweight, crisp fabric.Has a very wiry feel.Crushes or musses fairly easily, but it is easily pressed.Dressy type of fabric, sometimes has a silvery sheenCareDry clean or wash with great care.Drip dry if washedUseUsed primarily in evening and wedding apparel for women,evening dresses, trimming, millinery, underlinings for delicate,sheer materials.



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Jyothirmai . S. Asst. Professor ,F&T Polyester


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A strong and durable synthetic fabricCharacteristicHigh strength, excellent resiliency, and high abrasionresistance. Low absorbency allows the fiber to dry quickly.Lightweight, strong and resistant to creasing, shrinking,stretching, mildew.Readily washable and is not damaged by sunlight or weather.CareWash warm and cold rinse normal spin.May be tumbled but choose low heat.Iron cool as the fabric is thermoplasticUseOften the material of football shirts and is the microfibre infleece garments.



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PlisseThin cotton fabric with puckered stripes or pattern in an overallblister effect caused by selective shrinkage.Characteristic :Puckered and plain striped effects usually either warp or inthe weft direction.Has tendency to shrinkCare:Hand wash onlyDo not iron for better durabilityUse:Used in apparel, casual wear, draperies

Jyothirmai . S. Asst. Professor ,F&T Rayon


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A manufactured fiber composed of regenerated cellulose,derived from wood pulp, cotton linters, or other vegetablematter.CharacteristicDrapability and dyeability are excellent.Fairly soft.Has a tendency to shrink but does not melt in hightemperatures.Resistant to moths and is not affected by ordinary householdbleaches and chemicals.CareDry cleaning recommended as it weakens the fabric.UseUsed in clothing, hose.



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Satin Fabric


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A traditional fabric utilizing a satin weave construction toachieve a lustrous fabric surface.CharacteristicUsually has a lustrous surface and a dull back.Made in many colors, weights, varieties, qualities, and degreesof stiffness.CareTreat with care and follow the care label for fibre type - Ironon dull side - Easy to damage with sharp objects - Water willmark the fabric.UseSatin is a traditional fabric for evening and wedding garments.



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Jyothirmai . S. Asst. Professor ,F&T Seersucker


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A woven fabric which incorporates modification of tensioncontrol. In the production of seersucker, some of the warpyarns are held under controlled tension at all times during theweaving, while other warp yarns are in a relaxed state and tendto pucker when the filling yarns are placed. The result producesa puckered stripe effect in the fabric.CharacteristicIt is skin friendly, comfortable and durable. It is thin and light-weighted.CareIt can be easily washed and needs no ironing.UseSeersucker is traditionally made into summer sportswear suchas shirts, trousers, and informal suits.



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Jyothirmai . S. Asst. Professor ,F&T Silk


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A natural filament fiber produced by the silkworm in theconstruction of its cocoon. Most silk is collected from cultivatedworms; Tussah silk, or wild silk, is a thicker, shorter fiberproduced by worms in their natural habitat. All silk comes fromAsia, primarily China.CharacteristicSoft fabric with lustrous look.CareDry clean. - If washed treat with care silk can be damaged byrubbing - Do not wring - Hang to dry - Iron while damp - Cleanoften as ingrained stains may not come away.UseUsed for sarees and traditional costumes.



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Taffeta


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A lustrous, medium weight, plain weave fabric with a slightribbed appearance in the filling (crosswise) direction.CharacteristicProvides a crisp hand, with lots of body.Smooth with a sheen on its surface.Have a crispness and stiffness.CareDry cleaning recommended.UseUsed in formal wear, dressy evening wear, suits and coats, slips,ribbons, blouses, dresses.



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Jyothirmai . S. Asst. Professor ,F&T Tulle


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A lightweight, extremely fine, machine-made netting, usuallywith a hexagon shaped mesh effect.CharacteristicVery fine soft netted fabric in a hexagonal shapeCareIron as for fibre being careful not to catch and tear fabric.UseEnd-uses include dance costumes and veils.



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Jyothirmai . S. Asst. Professor ,F&T Velvet


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A medium weight cut-pile constructed fabric in which the cutpile stands up very straight.CharacteristicCrush resistant and water resistant.High lustre and smooth hand.Drapes well.CareDry cleaning is recommended.Drip dry .Do not wring or spin.UseUsed in eveningwear, lounge wear, used extensively for partywear and curtaining .



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Jyothirmai . S. Asst. Professor ,F&T Voile


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A crisp, lightweight, plain weave cotton-like fabric, made withhigh twist yarns in a high yarn count construction.Similar in appearance to organdy and organza.CharacteristicSheer and very light weight.Drapes and gathers very well.CareDo not wring or twist .Hang to dry .Iron while damp.UseUsed in blouses dresses and curtains.



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Jyothirmai . S. Asst. Professor ,F&T Wool


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Usually associated with fiber or fabric made from the fleece ofsheep or lamb.CharacteristicVery resilient.Resistant to wrinkling.Renewed by moisture and well known for it s warmth.CareDry clean recommended .Hand wash or machine wash on wool setting.Do not wring .Dry flat.Cool ironUseUsed in clothing, blankets, winter wear.



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