TEXTILES IN DEFENCE Protective clothing. TEXTILE IN DEFENCE Defense forces either at land sea or air...

TEXTILES IN DEFENCETEXTILES IN DEFENCE

Protective clothingProtective clothing

TEXTILE IN DEFENCETEXTILE IN DEFENCE

Defense forces Defense forces eithereither at land sea at land sea or air are reliant on technical textilesor air are reliant on technical textiles

Textiles have to meat the following Textiles have to meat the following requirements for requirements for military applicationsmilitary applications

I.I. Physical requirementsPhysical requirementsII.II. Environmental requirementsEnvironmental requirementsIII.III. Camouflage requirementsCamouflage requirementsIV.IV. Flame heat and flash protectionFlame heat and flash protectionV.V. Specific battle field hazardsSpecific battle field hazards

Textile in defenseTextile in defense

Physical requirements for military textiles

Textile in defenceTextile in defence

Specific battlefield hazards

PROTECTIVE CLOTHINGPROTECTIVE CLOTHING

Protective clothing provide protection Protective clothing provide protection against against

Dangerous material and process of their Dangerous material and process of their workwork

Work place or environment from the Work place or environment from the peoplepeople

People from the peoplePeople from the people Protects the productsProtects the products

PROTECTIVE CLOTHINGPROTECTIVE CLOTHINGFunction of protective clothingFunction of protective clothing

Cut and abrasion Cut and abrasion Ballistic and impact resistanceBallistic and impact resistance Fire and extreme heatFire and extreme heat Gas and chemicalsGas and chemicals Nuclear and biological materials (not against Nuclear and biological materials (not against

nuclear beams)nuclear beams) Extreme cold Extreme cold Static electricityStatic electricity Foul weather and high visibilityFoul weather and high visibility


MaterialsMaterials

Fibres through yarn, woven, Fibres through yarn, woven, knitted and nonwoven fabricsknitted and nonwoven fabrics

Specialized coatings and Specialized coatings and membranesmembranes


Combined protection and Combined protection and physiological physiological functionsfunctions

Stylish aspects of clothingStylish aspects of clothing Ergonomics functions fit and Ergonomics functions fit and

comfort comfort etcetc Hold the body temperature at 37 Hold the body temperature at 37

C C

BALLISTIC BODY PROTECTIONBALLISTIC BODY PROTECTION

Most of the causes of casualties in Most of the causes of casualties in a military conflict is not due to a military conflict is not due to bullets but the fragmentsbullets but the fragments


Providing protection to a person is not a Providing protection to a person is not a problem but the problem is related to the problem but the problem is related to the weight, bulk, rigidity and thermo weight, bulk, rigidity and thermo physiological discomfortphysiological discomfort

Textiles are a good candidate for providing Textiles are a good candidate for providing protection because of their low density and protection because of their low density and comfortcomfort

Textile armor could provide Textile armor could provide protection protection against low velocity bullets against low velocity bullets and fragments and fragments but not high but not high velocity bullets velocity bullets (5.62, 7.62 and (5.62, 7.62 and 12.7mm calibre) and sharp objects12.7mm calibre) and sharp objects


Reduction in casualties by wearing a body armor Troops standing in open threatened by mortar bomb


Body armor weighing about 4kg

Explosive ordnance disposable clothing weighing

more than 15kg


BallisticsBallistics

Science of projectile movementScience of projectile movement Projectile speeds up with explosion or Projectile speeds up with explosion or

reactionreaction Gravity and friction affect projectile path Gravity and friction affect projectile path Soft and hard ballistics Soft and hard ballistics


SOFT PROTECTIONSOFT PROTECTION Bullet proof vestsBullet proof vests Fragment proof vestsFragment proof vests Anti blow vestsAnti blow vests Car armorCar armor

HARD PROTECTIONHARD PROTECTION Bullet and fragment proof helmetsBullet and fragment proof helmets Bullet proof sheetsBullet proof sheets Puncture protectionPuncture protection


HISTORYHISTORY Iron shirts used in middle agesIron shirts used in middle ages

Total weight with the armor 35 kgTotal weight with the armor 35 kg

Steel helmets used in world wars Steel helmets used in world wars increased the survival chancesincreased the survival chances

Natural fibres used in these time but now Natural fibres used in these time but now the market is concurred by man made fibresthe market is concurred by man made fibres


Mechanism of protective clothingMechanism of protective clothingChange of kinetic energy to deformation Change of kinetic energy to deformation and thermal energyand thermal energy

Material of projectileMaterial of projectile

Hard coreHard core Soft coreSoft core Soft core with leadSoft core with lead Soft core with lead and steel penetratorSoft core with lead and steel penetrator Round or flat nose projectilesRound or flat nose projectiles

play

BALLISTIC BODY PROTECTIONBALLISTIC BODY PROTECTIONVELOCITY AND ENERGY DEPENDS VELOCITY AND ENERGY DEPENDS

ONON

Power of explosionPower of explosion Length of the gunLength of the gun Projectile stabilityProjectile stability Distance and spinDistance and spin Angle between the gun and the vestAngle between the gun and the vest Where the bullet hits the vest (middle of the Where the bullet hits the vest (middle of the

vest or vest or edges)edges) Climatic conditions (temperature and Climatic conditions (temperature and

moisture)moisture)


HIGHER PERFORATING FORCEHIGHER PERFORATING FORCE Higher kinetic energy Higher kinetic energy Smaller cross sectionSmaller cross section Smaller pointSmaller point Firmer (solid) material of the bulletFirmer (solid) material of the bullet Faster it spinsFaster it spins Higher moistureHigher moisture

Protective clothingProtective clothing Change the kinetic energy to deformationChange the kinetic energy to deformation Counter the shock Counter the shock

BALLISTIC BODY PROTECTIONBALLISTIC BODY PROTECTIONHOW BALLISTIC VESTS WORKHOW BALLISTIC VESTS WORK

Bullet hits and penetrate through up to a or 5 Bullet hits and penetrate through up to a or 5 layerslayers

Friction between bullet and yarn decreases the Friction between bullet and yarn decreases the speedspeed

6 and 76 and 7thth layer yarn is pulled out layer yarn is pulled out

Wave spread out along with the fibres depends on Wave spread out along with the fibres depends on the the velocity of bulletsvelocity of bullets

Waves reflect from the edges of the vestWaves reflect from the edges of the vest


STANDARDSSTANDARDS

A.A. Protection class 1 hand gun (9mm soft core Protection class 1 hand gun (9mm soft core bullets)bullets)

B.B. Protection class 2 sub machine gun (9mm Protection class 2 sub machine gun (9mm soft soft core bullets) core bullets)

C.C. Protection class 3 Soft core long rifle Protection class 3 Soft core long rifle projectilesprojectiles

D.D. Protection class 4 Hard core long rifle Protection class 4 Hard core long rifle projectilesprojectiles

E.E. Protection class ST bullets projectiles and Protection class ST bullets projectiles and knivesknives


TRAUMA EFFECTTRAUMA EFFECT

Stopping of bullets cause a bumpStopping of bullets cause a bump Depth of the bump is called trauma Depth of the bump is called trauma

effecteffect Abrasion of skin and bleedingAbrasion of skin and bleeding Broken bones and ribsBroken bones and ribs Contusion of lungsContusion of lungs Deeper than 40 mm causes injuryDeeper than 40 mm causes injury Heart failureHeart failure


Textile materials for ballistic protectionTextile materials for ballistic protection

In order to arrest the flight of projectile in a In order to arrest the flight of projectile in a short distance the fibres must haveshort distance the fibres must have

a)a) High modulusHigh modulus

b)b) Very high tensile strengthVery high tensile strength

c)c) Low elasticityLow elasticity


Different materials for ballistic protection

COLD PROTECTIVE COLD PROTECTIVE CLOTHINGCLOTHING

COLD PROTECTIVE CLOTHINGCOLD PROTECTIVE CLOTHING

• For the temperature less than -5 0C

• Wind has an effect on the lowering of temperature

APPLICATION

• Cold stores and rooms• Very cold laboratories• Outdoor working in cold countries• Unheated ware houses in winter


CLIMATIC PARAMETERS

• Temperature of air

• Moisture in the air• Location• Wind velocity


PHYSIOLOGICAL FUNCTIONS

• Keep body temperature at 37 C by providing thermal insulation not allowing the heat to go out of the system

• Muscles can get flexed or tensed• Shivering effect

FUNCTIONS

• To insulate the body against low temperature• To allow diffusion of water vapor


Thermal insulation of clothing

• Air acts as best insulator

• Air trapped by the textile fibres is very important as it will not allow the heat to go out

• Textile fibres are good conductors of heat

• Exchange of hot air with cold air from outside causes a person to feel cold


PHASE CHANGE MATERIAL (PCM)

• Person produce 100 W energy at rest and 600 W while doing some hard work

• Heat dissipated by evaporation of sweat, dry heat flow and respiration

• Concept is heat could be stored and activated again

• Some materials change phase i.e. from one state to another by absorbing energy and the temperature does not change during the time

• Materials which can absorb energy and release it are termed as PCM

• Quantity of energy stored and temperature change depends on the material

Phase change materials (PCM) are substances that absorb and release thermal energy during the process of melting and freezing. When a PCM freezes, it releases a large amount of energy in the form of latent heat at a relatively constant temperature.

Phase change materials (PCM) are substances that absorb and release thermal energy during the process of melting and freezing. When a PCM freezes, it releases a large amount of energy in the form of latent heat at a relatively constant temperature.

TEXTILES IN DEFENCE Protective clothing. TEXTILE IN DEFENCE Defense forces either at land sea or air...

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