Textile Activity

• Individuals– Individuals must obtain

paper and the pattern– Individuals must cut out

all pieces according to pattern

– Producers must assemble all pieces according to pattern

• The Team– Paper grower brings

paper to drafters– Drafters trace out

patterns on paper– Cutters cut out the

patterns– Assemblers must

assemble the pieces

ASSEMBLE FIVE SHIRTS

Answer these Questions

• Who assembled 5 Shirts first?• Which team required more total effort?• Which team do you think had a more

expensive operation?• Which group do you think would have more

customers for its shirts? Why?• What difficulties were encountered by the

individuals? The team?

America. . . 2.0?

Industrialism, and National Unity

The Industrial Revolution (With Paper Shirts)

Great Britain• Factories funnel resources

(paper) to one place• Paper is processed into

shirts by many people• Shirt is exported for a large

profit after labor input

The United States• Farmers send resources

(paper) off to many places for small profits

• Processed resource (shirt) is purchased back at loss of profit

Or. . . .• You make the shirt yourself

The Postwar “Zeitgeist”

• U.S. citizens grew wary of international affairs• The U.S.A. was capable of becoming a world

class nation• The U.S.A didn’t need other nations to

become world class

Jefferson’s Unintentional Move• The Embargo Act of 1807-

Northern States began investing in factory construction in lieu of trade with oversea production.

• The War of 1812- The U.S.A. is blockaded from foreign products, increasing demand for domestic products.

Factories Boom

• Early factories make use of rapid moving water to turn mechanical parts, leading to the development of towns away from the coast.

Factories Boom (Continued)

• Towns grow rapidly upon the arrival of:– Immigrants– All the single

ladies!– Why?

The Southern Economy• Agriculture: Excellent soil and warm climates

lead to a cash crop fixation (Cotton and Tobacco.)

• Cash Crops- Agricultural products intended for sale in other market rather than direct consumption.

• Industry: “What’s that?”

King Cotton

• Eli Whitney- Connecticut inventor and industrialist. Responsible for:

• Cotton Gin- Processes cotton 50x more quickly. . . .

• Interchangeable Parts- Identical components of a product are manufactured, allowing for mass production in place of “crafstmanship”

Life in “The Cotton Kingdom”

1790• 3,000 bales of cotton

produced• 5% of world supply• 700,000 Slaves

1810• 176,000 bales of cotton

produced• 50% of world supply• 1,250,000 slaves (And

growing exponentially)

Situational Irony

I am an abolitionist. . . I hoped my invention

would end the need for slaves.

The Northern Economy• Agriculture: Mediocre soil leads to small

farms with small food surpluses• Industry: Nice ports to ship products and a

large population of people to make them? CHECK!

The Northwest(Midwest) Economy• Agriculture: Excellent soil with colder climate

allows for staple food production, but no cash crops.

• Industry: Large rivers and the Great Lakes could provide great ports, but few fast rivers to power factories

“The American System”

• President Madison’s closing legacy (Because who wants to be remembered for running away from a burning Washington D.C.?)

• A set of federal laws meant to strengthen the national unity of the United States through economic changes. . .

“The American System”

• Develop transportation between States to encourage unity and growth

• Establish tariffs to protect American factories

• Restart the National Bank (Jefferson tore it apart)

Nationalism Strikes!• Supporters of “The System” include Southern/

Western Democratic-Republicans: Henry Clay John C. Calhoun (House Speaker, KY) (Rep. SC)

Why is this so peculiar?

The System Enacted:

• States built turnpikes and plank roads (Pay tolls as you go)

• The Federal Government funded The National Road connecting coastal Maryland to Illinois

• The Erie Canal- Connected the Hudson River to the Great Lakes via water locks.

Steam Power!

• Early boats and locomotive trains powered by heated, pressurized water also allowed for faster travel. Further unifying states. . . . . . . . .

The System Enacted

• The Tariff of 1816- Taxed imported products to a prohibitively expensive price for the average citizen. American factories are protected.

• The 2nd Bank of the U.S.- Reestablished national currency, gave a currency value, offered loans for businesses.

“The Era of Good Feelings”

• James Monroe is elected in 1816:– 16 of 19 States Won– 183 of 217 Electoral Votes Won– 70% of Popular Vote– In 1820, the Federalists wouldn’t even bother running

a candidate

• After election, he goes on a tour of New England and is warmly received even though he is a Democratic-Republican

James Monroe

• Revolutionary War Veteran (Wounded at Battle of Trenton)

• Studied Law with Thomas Jefferson• Continental Congress Delegate• U.S. Senator• Governor of Virginia

“The Last of the Revolutionaries”

The Supreme Court Feels Good, Too

• McCollugh vs. Maryland (1819)- Maryland attempted to tax the national bank in hopes that it would cease to exist

• Ruling: States cannot tax the federal government. The Bank of the United States is is constitutional.

The Supreme Court Feels Really Good

• Gibbons vs. Ogden (1824)- Aaron Ogden is indirectly given “exclusive” steam boat transportation rights on the Hudson River, which is shared between NJ and NY

• Ruling: Only the federal government can regulate interstate commerce and affairs

John Quincy Adams

• Secretary of State under James Monroe• Son of John Adams• Studied at Harvard, Lieden (Germany)• Ambassador to Russia, Netherlands, Portugal,

Prussia, Britain• Partially responsible for Jay’s Treaty,

Washington’s Farewell Address, and the Treaty of Ghent

An Unwanted Fate• It is unlikely that John Quincy wanted any part

in politics, and gave up a young love interest and passion for literature and poetry for such a career. . . . .

I’m crying on the inside. . . .

. . . But he sure is good at it.

• The Rush Bagot Treaty- The Canadian-American border was demilitarized and unprotected. The Great Lakes limit naval vessels to “2 per side”

The Convention of 1818

• The U.S. Border with Canada is established at the 49th parallel

• The Oregon Territory may be jointly occupied and used by the U.S. and Britain.

The Adams-Onis Treaty

• Spain gave all of its Florida territory to the United States in 1819

Nationalism: The Name of the Game

• The belief in placing the needs of one’s country over the needs of other nations or regions. Often included is the belief in the superiority of one’s culture.

The Monroe Doctrine

• In response to growing Russian, Spanish, and Portuguese presence on the American continent, President Monroe says (with help from John Quincy):– Europe: Stay out of American Affairs– America will stay out of yours– America will protect newly independent republics

in the Americas

Westward Growth

• The Northwest and Louisiana territories begin to swell with settlers.

• At 60,000 people, a territory can become a State.

• In 1819, there were ten states that prohibit slavery and ten than permit it.

Growing Pains

• Illinois becomes the 11th “free” State, While Alabama soon after becomes the 11th “slave” State in 1818

• Missouri applies for Statehood in 1819

• What will its fate be?

The Missouri Compromise

• Missouri will be a slave State• All future states north of 36”30’ among

American territories will be free, while all south will be slave

• Massachusetts will be divided in two (Maine) so as to maintain a balanced 12-12

John Quincy’s Presidency

• 1824 election, no candidate received a majority. . . It goes to the house.

“A Corrupt Bargain”

• Clay “allegedly” asks the house to back J.Q. who is a friend and political ally. . .

• Jackson is mad. . .

J.Q’s presidency

• Upheld the American System and tarriffs• Reduced national debt from 16 million to 5

Million• First photographed president