Textbook of Diabetes EDITED BY

RICHARD I.G. HOLT MA, MB BChir, PhD, FRCP, FHEA Professor in Diabetes & Endocrinology

Developmental Origins of Health and Disease Division

University of Southampton School of Medicine

Southampton, UK

CLIVE S. COCKRAM MBBS, BSc, MD (Lond), FRCP, FRACP, FHKAM (Med) Emeritus Professor of Medicine

Chinese University of Hong Kong

Hong Kong SAR

People's Republic of China

ALLAN FLYVBJERG MD, DMSc Professor of Clinical Endocrinology and

Chair, Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine

The Medical Research Laboratories

Aarhus University Hospital -Aarhus University

Aarhus, Denmark

BARRY J, GOLDSTEIN MD, PhD, FACP, FACE Therapeutic Area Head, Diabetes and Obesity

Vice President, Clinical Research, Metabolism

Merck Research Laboratories

Rahway, NJ, USA

FOURTH EDITION

@)WILEY-BLACKWELL A John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. , Publication

Contents

List of Contributors, ix

Preface to the Fourth Edition, xiii

Foreword, xv

List of Abbreviations, xvi

Part 1 Diabetes in its Historical and Social Context

The History of Diabetes Mellitus, 3 Robert B. Tattersall

2 The Classification and Diagnosis of Diabetes, 24 K. George M.M. Alberti

3 Epidemioiogy of Type 1 Diabetes, 31

Lars C. Stene, Valma Harjutsa/o, Elena Moltchanova & Jaakko Tuomilehto

4 Epidemiology of Type 2 Diabetes, 45 Ronald C. W. Ma & Peter C. Y. Tong

5 The Global Burden of Diabetes, 69

Mohammed K. Ali, Mary Beth Weber & K.M. Venkat Narayan

Part 2 Normal Physiology

6 Islet Function and Insulin Secretion, 87 Peter M. Jones & Shanta J. Persaud

7 Insulin Action, 104 Xuxia Wu & W. Timothy Garvey

8 Control of Weight: How Do We Get Fat? 126 George A. Bray

Part 3 Pathogenesis of Diabetes

9 Type 1 Diabetes, 141

Autoimmune Type 1 Diabetes, 141

Ahmed]. Delli, Helena Elding Larsson, Sten-A. Ivarsson & Ake Lernmark

Other Disorders with Type 1 Phenotype, 152 Alice P.S. Kong & Juliana C.N. Chan

10 Abnormalities of Insulin Secretion and ~-Cell Defects in Type 2 Diabetes, 160

Mazen Alsahli & John E. Gerich

11 Insulin Resistance in Type 2 Diabetes, 174 Hannele Yki-Ji:irvinen

12 The Genetics of Type 2 Diabetes: From Candidate Gene Biology to Genome-Wide Studies, 191 Martine Vaxillaire & Philippe Prague/

13 Metabolic Disturbances in Diabetes, 215 Adrian Vella & Robert A. Rizza

14 Obesity and Diabetes, 227 Hans Hauner

Part 4 Other Types of Diabetes

15 Monogenic Causes of Diabetes, 245 Angus Jones & Andrew T Hattersley

16 Drug-Induced Diabetes, 265 Neil J.L. Gittoes, John Ayuk & Robin E. Ferner

17 Endocrine Disorders that Cause Diabetes, 279 Neil A. Hanley

18 Pancreatic Diseases and Diabetes, 298 Ranjit Unnikrishnan & Viswanathan Mohan

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Contents

Part 5 Managing the Patient with Diabetes

19 Clinical Presentations of Diabetes, 313 Ee Lin Lim & Roy Taylor

20 The Aims of Diabetes Care, 323 Richard I. G. Holt & Barry f. Goldstein

21 Educating the Patient with Diabetes, 334 Carole Mensing & Barbara Eichorst

22 Lifestyle Issues: Diet, 346 Monika Toeller

23 Lifestyle Issues: Exercise, 358

fane E. Yardley, Angela Alberga, Glen P. Kenny & Ronald f. Sigal

24 Social Aspects of Diabetes, 380 Brian M. Frier & Mark W.f, Strachan

25 Monitoring Diabetes, 399 Andrew f. Farmer

26 Drug Therapy: Special Considerations in Diabetes, 410 Bernard M. Y. Cheung & Robin E. Ferner

Part 6 Treatment of Diabetes

27 Insulin and Insulin Treatment, 427 Stephen Gough & Parth Narendran

28 New Technologies for Insulin Administration and Glucose Monitoring, 440 Howard Wolpert & Judy Shih

29 Oral Antidiabetic Agents, 452 Clifford f. Bailey & Andrew f. Krentz

30 Non-Insulin Parenteral Therapies, 478 fens Juul Holst, Sten Madsbad & Ole Schmitz

31 How to Use Type 2 Diabetes Treatments in Clinical Practice: Combination Therapies, 494 Joseph A. Aloi & Anthony L. McCall

32 In-Hospital Treatment and Surgery in Patients with Diabetes, 514

Maggie Sinclair Hammersley & June James

33 Hypoglycemia in Diabetes, 528 Philip E. Cryer

34 Acute Metabolic Complications of Diabetes: Diabetic Ketoacidosis and Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemia, 546 Troels Krarup Hansen & Niels M~ller

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Part 7 Microvascular Complications in Diabetes

35 Pathogenesis of Microvascular Complications, 555 Ferdinanda Giacco & Michael Brownlee

36 Diabetic Retinopathy, 575 Peter H. Scanlon

37 Diabetic Nephropathy, 599 Sally M. Marshall & Allan Flyvbjerg

38 Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy, 615 Dan Ziegler

Part 8 Macrovascular Complications in Diabetes

39 The Pathogenesis of Macrovascular Complications Including Atherosclerosis in Diabetes, 637 Riccardo Candido, Mark E. Cooper & Karin A.M. fandeleit-Dahm

40 Cardiovascular Risk Factors, 657 Hypertension, 657 Peter M. Nilsson

Dyslipidemia: Diabetes Lipid Therapies, 672 Adie Viljoen & Anthony S. Wierzbicki

41 Congestive Heart Failure, 684 Inga S. Thrainsdottir & Lars Ryden

42 Cerebrovascular Disease, 698 Colum F. Amory & Jesse Weinberger

43 Peripheral Vascular Disease, 710 Henrik H. Sillesen

Part 9 Other Complications of Diabetes

44 Foot Problems in Patients with Diabetes, 727 Andrew f,M. Boulton

45 Sexual Function in Men and Woman with Diabetes, 743 David Price

46 Gastrointestinal Manifestations of Diabetes, 760 Adil E. Bharucha & Michael Camilleri

47 The Skin in Diabetes, 774 Graham R. Sharpe & Paul D. Yesudian

48 Bone and Rheumatic Disorders in Diabetes, 789 Andrew Grey & Nicola Dalbeth

49 Psychologic Factors and Diabetes, 807 Christopher M. Ryan

50 Diabetes and Infections, 835 Clive S. Cockram & Nelson Lee

Part 10 Diabetes in Special Groups

51 Diabetes in Childhood, 859 Christine Chan & Marian Rewers

52 Diabetes in Adolescence and Transitional Care, 875 Debbie Kralik & Maria Kambourakis

53 Diabetes in Pregnancy, 888 Anne Dornhorst & Anita Banerjee

54 Diabetes in Old Age, 922 Alan ]. Sinclair

55 Psychiatric Disorders and Diabetes, 940 Robert C. Peveler & Richard I. G. Holt

Part 11 Delivery and Organization of Diabetes Care

56 The Role of Community and Specialist Services, 959 Jane Overland, Margaret McGill & Dennis K. Yue

57 The Role of the Multidisciplinary Teain, 969 Wing- Yee So & Juliana C.N. Chan

58 Models of Diabetes Care Across Different Resource Settings, 984 Naomi S. Levitt, Bob Mash, Nigel Unwin, Jean Claude

Mbanya, Jae-Hyoung Cho & Kun-Ho Yoon

Contents

Part 12 Future Directions

59 Future Drug Treatment for Type l Diabetes, 1001 Helena Biding Larsson, Ahmed]. Delli, Sten-A. Ivarsson

& Ake Lernmark

60 Future Drug Treatments for Type 2 Diabetes, 1017 Clifford ]. Bailey

61 Other Future Directions, 1045 Stem Cell Therapy in Diabetes, 1045 Shuibing Chen, Jayaraj Rajagopal, Qiao Zhou & Douglas A. Melton

Islet Transplantation, 1050 Angela Koh, Peter Senior & A.M. James Shapiro

Gene Therapy, 1064 Andreea R. Barbu & Nils Welsh

62 Future Models of Diabetes Care, 1070 Robert A. Gabbay & Alan M . Adelman

Index, 1081

A companion website for this book is available at: www.textbookofdiabetes.com

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