For Official Use Only

NASA Institute of Advanced Concepts (NIAC)

NASA Institute of Advanced Concepts (NIAC)

Dr. Anthony J. TetherDARPA Director

Director, Tony TetherDeputy Director, Bob Leheny

DARPA Organization

Tactical TechnologySteve WelbySteve Walker

Air/Space/Land/Sea PlatformsUnmanned SystemsSpace Operations

Laser SystemsPrecision Strike

Information ExploitationBob Tenney

Sensors

Exploitation Systems

Command & Control

Strategic TechnologyDave Honey

Larry Stotts/Brian PierceSpace Sensors/Structures

Strategic & Tactical NetworksInformation Assurance

Underground Facility Detection& CharacterizationChem/Bio Defense

Maritime Operations

Information Processing TechnologyCharlie HollandBarbara Yoon

Cognitive SystemsComputational – PerceptionRepresentation & Reasoning

LearningNatural Communication

Microsystems TechnologyJohn ZolperDean Collins

ElectronicsPhotonics

MEMSAlgorithms

Integrated Microsystems

Defense SciencesSteve WaxBrett Giroir

Physical SciencesMaterialsBiology

MathematicsHuman EffectivenessBio Warfare Defense

Distribution Statement “A” (Approved for Public Release, Distribution Unlimited)

NEAR MID FAR

Scie

nce

& T

echn

olog

y $

(FY0

6)DARPA Role in Science and Technology

10B -

5B -

0 -

Fundamental Research, Leading Edge Discovery, System Concept Invention

Science and Technology

Programs for the Armed Services

Distribution Statement “A” (Approved for Public Release, Distribution Unlimited)

NEAR MID FAR

Scie

nce

& T

echn

olog

y $

(FY0

6)

DARPA

DARPA Role in Science and Technology

10B -

5B -

0 -

Fundamental Research, Leading Edge Discovery, System Concept Invention

Science and Technology

Programs for the Armed Services

Distribution Statement “A” (Approved for Public Release, Distribution Unlimited)

0

0.1

0.2

0.3

FY94

FY95

FY96

FY97

FY98

FY99

FY00

FY01

FY02

FY03

FY04

FY05

FY06

FY07

DARPA Basic Research Funding ($B)Budget Activity 6.1 (“University” funding)

Unfettered “university-like” science research without specific applications in mind

Bill

ions

($)

Distribution Statement “A” (Approved for Public Release, Distribution Unlimited)

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

3.5

FY94

FY95

FY96

FY97

FY98

FY99

FY00

FY01

FY02

FY03

FY04

FY05

FY06

FY07

DARPA Budget ($B)

Fiscal Year

Bill

ions

($)

Note: Amounts reflected are appropriated fundsDistribution Statement “A” (Approved for Public Release, Distribution Unlimited)

DoD S&T Budgets and DARPA Budget ($B)Total of all 6.1, 6.2 and 6.3 budget activities

0.0

2.0

4.0

6.0

8.0

10.0

12.0

14.0

FY95

FY96

FY97

FY98

FY99

FY00

FY01

FY02

FY03

FY04

FY05

FY06

FY07

DARPA’s Budget

Bill

ions

($)

DoD PB Request

DoD Appropriated

Distribution Statement “A” (Approved for Public Release, Distribution Unlimited)

Autonomous Ground Vehicles

GroundSurveillance

Radar

DARPA Accomplishments

LSTAT

Speech Recognition

SATURN

Assault Breaker

ARPANET

JSTARS

MIMIC

TALON GOLD

Mobile Robots

JSF Engine

X-45

Command Post of the Future

MEMS

Pegasus LaunchVehicle

Global Hawk

DARPASAT

VELA Hotel

ALTAIR

Mouse

GPS

ATACMS

Sea Shadow

Stealth

Fighter

Center forMonitoring Research

M-16

Uncooled IR

Exoskeleton

Phraselator

1980

2000

1960

1970

Predator

SUO SASSUO SAS

1990 Advanced Cruise Missile

BAT

Taurus Launch Vehicle

Transit

Distribution Statement “A” (Approved for Public Release, Distribution Unlimited)

DARPA’s Strategic ThrustsInvestments Today for Future Capabilities

APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 39873

Robust, Secure Self-Forming Networks

Detection, Precision ID, Tracking & Destruction of Elusive Targets

Networked Manned & Unmanned Systems

Urban Area Operations

Location and Characterization of Underground Structures

Assured Use of Space

Cognitive Systems

Bio-Revolution

Core Technologies (Materials/Electronics/Information Technology)Distribution Statement “A” (Approved for Public Release, Distribution Unlimited)

References for DARPA Projects

• Secretary of Defense

• DoD Quadrennial Defense Review

• DoD Strategic Planning Guidance 2008 – 2013

• Combatant Commanders Integrated Priority Lists

• DoD Joint Program Decision Memorandums

• Meetings and Briefs throughout DoD

Distribution Statement “A” (Approved for Public Release, Distribution Unlimited)

Input Sources 2005 – 2006

• Director, Defense Threat Reduction Agency, Dr. James Tegnelia• Vice Chief of Naval Operations, Admiral Robert E. Willard• Director, National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency, LTG (Ret.) J. Clapper• Director, National Security Agency and Chief, Central Security Service,

Lieutenant General Keith B. Alexander• Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense for Combating WMD & Negotiation

Policy, Mr. Jack David• Deputy Under Secretary of Defense for Logistics Material & Readiness,

Jack Bell• Commander, 8th Air Force, Lieutenant General Kevin P. Chilton• Deputy Commander, U.S. Strategic Command, Lt Gen C. Robert Kehler• Deputy Commander, U.S. Pacific Command, Lt Gen Daniel P. Leaf• Deputy Commander, Joint Functional Component Command for

Intelligence Surveillance and Reconnaissance, U.S. Strategic Command, Major General Mark A. Welsh, III

• Deputy Commander, Information Operations. 8th Air Force, Maj Gen Kozio• Director, Global Innovation and Strategy Center, U.S. Strategic Command,

Dr. Kevin E. Williams• Director, Advanced Systems and Technology, National Reconnaissance

Office, Dr. Pete Rustan• Assistant Secretary of the Army for Acquisition, Technology and Logistics

Claude M. Bolton, Jr.• Commander, Air Force Research Lab, Major General Ted Bowlds• Deputy Commanding General for Systems of Systems Integration, Army

Research, Development and Engineering Command, Brigadier GeneralCharles A. Cartwright

• Director, Space Acquisition, Office of the Under Secretary of the Air ForceMajor General Craig R. Cooning

• Vice Commander, Air Combat Command, Lieutenant General William M. Fraser

• Director of Requirements, Air Combat Command, Major General Jack J. Catton, Jr.

• Director of Plans and Programs, Air Combat Command, Major General Timothy C. Jones

• Deputy Secretary of Defense Gordon R. England• Secretary of the Army Francis J. Harvey• Secretary of the Navy Dr. Donald C. Winter• Secretary of the Air Force Michael W. Wynne• USD for Acquisition, Technology and Logistics Kenneth J. Krieg• Under Secretary of Defense for Intelligence Stephen A. Cambone• Vice Chairman, Joint Chiefs of Staff, ADM Edmund P. Giambastiani, Jr.• Chief of Naval Operations Admiral Michael G. Mullen• Air Force Chief of Staff General John P. Jumper• Commandant of the Marine Corps General Michael W. Hagee• Commander, U.S. Strategic Command, General James E. Cartwright • Commander, U.S. Special Operations Command, GEN Bryan D. Brown• Commander, U.S. Pacific Command, Admiral William J. Fallon• Commander, U.S. Northern Command, Admiral Timothy Keating• Commander, U.S. Joint Forces Command, General Lance L. Smith• Commander, U.S. Central Command, General John Abizaid• Commander, Air Force Space Command, General Lance Lord• Commander, U.S. Pacific Fleet, Admiral Gary Roughead• Under Secretary of the Air Force Ronald M. Sega• Assistant Secretary of the Navy (Research, Development and

Acquisition), Dr. Delores M. Etter• Principal Deputy Under Secretary of Defense for Policy Ryan Henry• Director, Defense Research and Engineering, John J. Young, Jr. • Commanding General, USMC Combat Development Command,

Lieutenant General James N. Mattis • Commanding General, III Corps and Fort Hood, Lt Gen Thomas F. Metz• Commander, Joint Functional Component Command–Integrated Missile

Defense, Lieutenant General Larry J. Dodgen• Director, Defense Info Systems Agency, Lt Gen Charles E. Croom, Jr.

DARPA Projects Reviews with Senior Pentagon Leaders, Combatant Commanders, Service Chiefs, Agency Directors, Operational Leaders

Distribution Statement “A” (Approved for Public Release, Distribution Unlimited)

• Networks (Self-forming, Robust, Self-defending)

• Networked Sensors – Determine, Track, and Neutralize Threat

• Real Time, Accurate Language Translation (Defense Language Institute, III IV)

• High-Productivity Computing Systems (HPCS)

• Air Vehicles (Fast Access, Long Loiter)

• High Energy Liquid Laser Area Defense System (HELLADS)

• Low-cost titanium ($2.5/lb military grade alloy)

• Bio Warfare – Accelerate Development and Production of Therapeutics and Vaccines from 12+ years to 12

weeks

• Prosthetics

• Space dominance

•Grand Challenge

Future Icons

Distribution Statement “A” (Approved for Public Release, Distribution Unlimited)

060322_TT_ExDirectors Brief

High-Productivity Computing is Critical to National Security

• Develop a new generation of economically viable high-productivity computing systems for the national security and industrial user community (2009 – 2010)

High-Productivity Computing Systems

Impact:• Performance (time-to-solution): speedup critical

national security applications by a factor of 10X to 40X

• Programmability (idea-to-first-solution): reduce cost and time of developing application solutions

• Portability (transparency): insulate research and operational application software from system

• Robustness (reliability): apply all known techniques to protect against outside attacks, hardware faults, & programming errors

HPCS Program Focus Areas

Fill the Critical DoD Need for:Intelligence/surveillance/reconnaissance, cryptanalysis, weapons design and analysis,

airborne contaminant modeling and biotechnology

Distribution Statement “A” (Approved for Public Release, Distribution Unlimited)

14

OOTTTTTactical Technology OfficeTactical Technology Office

Program Plan:Program Plan:• Develop conceptual design for objective OFW vehicle

• Define, develop, and mature key oblique flying wing technologies

• Conduct preliminary design of X-Plane demonstrator in Phase I

• Design, build and fly OFW X-Plane in Phase II

Goals:Goals:• Demonstrate the feasibility of a supersonic, tailless, variable sweep, oblique flying wing (OFW)

• Provide increased flexibility for potential future missions requiring rapid deployment, long range and long endurance

Oblique Flying Wing (OFW)

Low Speed: Unswept wing reduces drag due to lift and provides long

range and endurance

Supersonic: Swept wing reduces supersonic wave drag, improving

supersonic range

Distribution Statement “A” (Approved for Public Release, Distribution Unlimited)

Progress• Demonstration of

500ppm O2 from electrolytic and chemical routes at 50 lbs/day scale

Next Step• Scale up to 500

lbs/day of most promising process

Al2O3

TiO2

Al

Ti

TiO2 O2

What Was New

APMTIAC Quarterly V6 No2

Chemical Variation on O2 Removal Promises <$2.5/pound for Ingot

Chemical Variation on O2 Removal Promises <$2.5/pound for Ingot

Low Cost TitaniumLow Cost Titanium

Distribution Statement “A” (Approved for Public Release, Distribution Unlimited)

For Official Use Only

DARPA’s Space Accomplishments

Distribution Statement “A” (Approved for Public Release, Distribution Unlimited)

For Official Use Only

DARPA Space Projects – Five Areas

Space MissionProtection

Active and passive defense of space assets

Ground- and space-based threats, especially µ-sats

Situational Awareness of SpaceActive and passive sensing of space from space or ground

Access & InfrastructureRapid, flexible space access

Space-BasedSupport to the

WarfighterSupport real-time tactical warfighting from spaceRapid responsein denied areas

Space MissionDenial

Distribution Statement “A” (Approved for Public Release, Distribution Unlimited)

For Official Use Only

Director, Tony TetherDeputy Director, Bob Leheny

DARPA Organization

Information ExploitationBob Tenney

Sensors

Exploitation Systems

Command & Control

Strategic TechnologyDave Honey

Larry Stotts/Brian PierceSpace Sensors/Structures

Strategic & Tactical NetworksInformation Assurance

Underground Facility Detection& CharacterizationChem/Bio Defense

Maritime Operations

Information Processing TechnologyCharlie HollandBarbara Yoon

Cognitive SystemsComputational – PerceptionRepresentation & Reasoning

LearningNatural Communication

Microsystems TechnologyJohn ZolperDean Collins

ElectronicsPhotonics

MEMSAlgorithms

Integrated Microsystems

Defense SciencesSteve WaxBrett Giroir

Physical SciencesMaterialsBiology

MathematicsHuman EffectivenessBio Warfare Defense

Virtual SpaceOffice

Tactical TechnologySteve WelbySteve Walker

Air/Space/Land/Sea PlatformsUnmanned SystemsSpace Operations

Laser SystemsPrecision Strike

Distribution Statement “A” (Approved for Public Release, Distribution Unlimited)

For Official Use Only

Space Programs & Technology

Access and InfrastructureAccess and Infrastructure

• On demand, cost effective launch, augmentation , and replenishment of Space forces

• More affordable, more responsive, net-centric capabilities

Distribution Statement “A” (Approved for Public Release, Distribution Unlimited)

Low Cost Launch

Distribution Statement “A” (Approved for Public Release, Distribution Unlimited)

For Official Use Only

Falcon

Program ObjectiveDevelop and validate, in-flight, technologies that will enable a prompt global reach capability while at the same time, demonstrating affordable and responsive space lift

Task 1Small Launch Vehicle (SLV)

•Small payloads to LEO•Low recurring launch cost (< $5M)

•New launch operations•Conduct an early responsive operations flight demonstration, followed by multiple risk reduction launches

Task 2Hypersonic Cruise Vehicle

(HCV)•Aircraft-like operations

–Launch on-demand –Reusable–Recallable

•Conduct an affordable hypersonic technology vehicle (HTV) building block demonstration to validate key HCV technologies

Distribution Statement “A” (Approved for Public Release, Distribution Unlimited)

For Official Use Only

Falcon

Objective:Develop a low-cost, responsive Small Launch Vehicle (SLV)–Small payloads to LEO – 1000 lb to 28.5°, circular, 100 nmi–Low recurring launch cost: < $5M–Responsive launch operations

Technical Challenges: • Responsive operations• Self-pressurization system• Air launch dynamics• Range integration• Balance between reliability and cost efficiency

Operational Impact: • Operationally responsive space• Low cost access to space• Flexible launch and basing

Affordable, Responsive, Reliable Space Access

AirLaunch

SpaceX

Distribution Statement “A” (Approved for Public Release, Distribution Unlimited)

Demonstrate Key Hypersonic Cruise Vehicle Technologies through Hypersonic Technology Vehicles:

HCV Technical Challenges addressed by HTV’s:AerodynamicsHigh-Temperature Materials & StructuresNavigation Guidance and ControlCommunications through Plasma

HTV-2HTV-1 HTV-3 HCV

Hypersonic Technology Vehicles (HTV’s)Falcon

Distribution Statement “A” (Approved for Public Release, Distribution Unlimited)

Metallic/Ceramic Acreage TPS Panels

Coated Ceramic Leading Edges

Fully Integrated Inward Turning Inlet

Osculating Flowfield Waverider Shape

Over-Under Turbine Based Combined Cycle Flow Path

“Warm” Composite Primary Structure

H2 Tankage

58’ Dual Use Payload Bay

HC Tankage

Ceramic Control

Surfaces

Dual-Fuel Mn 9.25 CruiseVision Vehicle

FalconHCV Technologies

Distribution Statement “A” (Approved for Public Release, Distribution Unlimited)

HTV-2 Flight Test

Boost Phase

HypersonicGlide

TerminalPoint

Pull-up

Flight Test Objectives:

• Aero/thermal/flight dynamic performance– Verify aerodynamic coefficients

and stability characteristics– Assess thermal response and

thermal management techniques

– Determine plasma attenuation effects

• NG&C performance– Determine flight path precision– Verify control characteristics– Validate robustness of guidance

algorithms– Assess INS/GPS navigation

methodology and hardware

HTV-2A

HTV-2B

Kwajalein Impact Point

Vandenberg Launch

Distribution Statement “A” (Approved for Public Release, Distribution Unlimited)

Orbital Express (OE) AccomplishmentsASTRO and NextSat

Orbital Express (OE) AccomplishmentsASTRO and NextSat

ASTRO Spacecraft NextSat Spacecraft

Task FY02Q2

SRR CDRPDR

Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3FY03 FY04 FY05 FY06 FY07

Program Management

ASTRO Spacecraft

Rendezvous Sensors

Robotic Arm

Fluid Transfer System

NEXTSat Spacecraft

System Integrationand Test

Launch Demo Complete

Ship Bus to NGST

Arm Assembly Complete

Ship Arm to Boeing

CDR

Ship NextSat to Launch Site

Integrated System Test

Launch

Ship Bus to NGST

CDR

CDR

Receive FTAPS from

NGST

Receive FTS from NGST

Receive Coupler from NGST

Ship Sensor Suite to Boeing

Ship ASTRO to Launch Site

Distribution Statement “A” (Approved for Public Release, Distribution Unlimited)

Future, Fast, Flexible, Fractionated, Free-Flying Spacecraft united by Information eXchange (F6)

• Fractionate a monolithic satellite into heterogeneous microsat-like modules

• Microsatellite modules– Power– Telemetry & Comms– Computation & Data Handling– Demonstration Payload– Residual capability for Stakeholder

Payload

• Intra-module connectivity– Wireless (or over power) data

• Inter-module connectivity– Wireless data– Wireless power to payloads System F6Distribution Statement “A” (Approved for Public Release, Distribution Unlimited)

For Official Use Only

Motivation: Mission Benefits

Distribution Statement “A” (Approved for Public Release, Distribution Unlimited)

For Official Use Only

Space Programs & Technology

Space Situational AwarenessSpace Situational Awareness

• Monitoring and analysis of the Space environment

• Monitoring the status of friendly, neutral, and adversary Space assets

Distribution Statement “A” (Approved for Public Release, Distribution Unlimited)

For Official Use Only

Radiation Hardening By Design (RHBD)

Design Fabs(Specialized) Rad Hard ICs

Design Fabs(Merchant) Rad Hard ICs

• Use specialized processes• Requires dedicated foundries• Niche market – falling farther

behind SOA (Currently 3-5 years)• DoD pays $500M every 2 years to

maintain

• Design in radiation tolerance, e.g. by exploiting thinner device layers (less charge build up) and new isolation methods

Today:Today:

Future:Future:

• Build devices in merchant foundries

Distribution Statement “A” (Approved for Public Release, Distribution Unlimited)

For Official Use Only

Radiation Hard by Design (RHBD) Design Hardening Concepts

• No special manufacturing processes

• Prudent transistor design (i.e. annular, “dog-bone”, all-around)

• Circuit design & layout• Substrate & dynamic biasing

Goal: Build leading-edge RH electronics at commercial State of the Art foundries

Goal: Build leading-edge RH electronics at commercial State of the Art foundries

sourcegate

drain

Annular Transistor

Standard Edged Transistor

Source

Drain

Gate

n+ Source

n+ Drain

FieldOxide

Polysilicon Gate

Edge Current Components

Primary Electron Current Flow

FieldInversion

Distribution Statement “A” (Approved for Public Release, Distribution Unlimited)

HAARPHigh Frequency Active Auroral Research Project

HAARPHigh Frequency Active Auroral Research Project

HAARP site in Alaska

Program Objective:Program Objective:• A high power, high frequency transmitter

for interactive ionospheric researchPotential Applications:Potential Applications:Submarine communications, imaging of deeply Submarine communications, imaging of deeply

buried targets, radio wave propagation buried targets, radio wave propagation channels in the upper atmospherechannels in the upper atmosphere

Technical Challenges:Technical Challenges:• 3600 kW radiated power• 20 –31 dB antenna gain• Power Density:

– 3.2 mW/m2 (@ 100 km, 3 MHz) – 4.0 mW/m2 (@ 250 km, 9 MHz)

HAARP antenna array

Distribution Statement “A” (Approved for Public Release, Distribution Unlimited)

HAARP Instrument CompletionHAARP Instrument Completion

IonosphericCurrents

100 km

ELF / VLFRadio Waves

60 km

Submarine Comm Imaging Buried TargetsBuried Receiver Comm

Control of Charged ParticleEffects on Satellite Operations

HAARP HFTransmitter

ELF / VLFRadio Waves

ELF / VLFRadio Waves

Description: • Increase HAARP effective radiated power by

factor of 16 (Tx power from 960 kW to 3600 kW; from 6X8 antenna elements (~5 acres) to 12X15 (~22 acres)

• Increase frequency coverage from 2.8-8 MHz to 2.8-10 MHz

Objectives:

• Demonstrate control of ionospheric charged particle behavior and subterranean/submarine signal penetration

Status and Accomplishments• Antenna array size increase completed; all elements and

ground plane frozen in place

• Transmitter modules successfully put into serial production and test

• Power plant increased to full capacity, Diesel prime movers improved as to emissions

• Diagnostic instruments/radars expanded to match HAARP capabilities

• Aircraft intrusion warning system being upgraded to meet FAA needs for safety

Schedule

Utility Demonstrated

Power plant upgraded

Transmitters completed

Antenna completion

FY07FY06FY03-05

Distribution Statement “A” (Approved for Public Release, Distribution Unlimited)

For Official Use Only

Space Programs & Technology

Space-Based Support to the Warfighter Space-Based Support to the Warfighter

• Small, innovative, responsive, agile, dedicated Space systems

• Persistent Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance

Distribution Statement “A” (Approved for Public Release, Distribution Unlimited)

For Official Use Only

ISAT Demonstration Program

On Orbit Demonstration• Launch, deploy and control a

large (~100m) space structure

• Characterize structural modes

• Demonstrate metrology,calibration techniques andtransmit beam formation

Mature Key ISAT Technologies• Reliable deployment of huge

space antennas• Real time metrology and

calibration <1mm

Distribution Statement “A” (Approved for Public Release, Distribution Unlimited)

040519_MZ_DIRO Review

ISAT Enabling Technologies>100:1 Linear Compaction Ratio

Reliable Deployment

Metrology <λ/20 error

Calibration Coherent Transmit Beam

RF MetrologyOptical Metrology

Deployment Cage Kinematic Models Array Fed Reflector ESA

On-boardBeacon(s)(Optional)

Star Tracker(s)

GroundBeacon(s)

MasterFiduciary/Elements

Antenna OrientationAxisCoherentSignal

On-boardBeacon(s)(Optional)

Star Tracker(s)

GroundBeacon(s)

GroundBeacon(s)

MasterFiduciary/Elements

Antenna OrientationAxisCoherentSignal

IntegralHinge

StaggeredLongerons

-2.5 -2 -1.5 -1 -0.5 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.525

30

35

40

45

50

55

degs

dB

-2.5 -2 -1.5 -1 -0.5 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.525

30

35

40

45

50

55

degs

dB

idealuncompensatedcompensated

idealuncompensatedcompensated

Teepee Motion

RigidizeableInflatableMaterials

Distribution Statement “A” (Approved for Public Release, Distribution Unlimited)

For Official Use Only

Required Technical Performance:

Better AccuracyGood AccuracyPoor Accuracy• Cross-Range Accuracy

Tactical Targeting “Better Than E-10”

Tactical Surveillance“JSTARS Like”GMTI SurveillanceMission:

Low Revisit, Significant Gaps

Fast Movers (>4 m/s)

Indications and Warning(large scale movement)

High Revisit, “No Gaps”Good Revisit,Significant Gaps• Track Continuity

Slow Movers (<< 4 m/s)< 4 m/s• Minimum Detectable Velocity (MDV)

Precision, Single Target Tracking

Grouped Target Movement

Functional Capability Desired:

ISATISAT

Global Continuous Surface Target Tracking Strategic Space Based Engagement

Distribution Statement “A” (Approved for Public Release, Distribution Unlimited)

For Official Use Only

Lockheed-Martin Proprietary

MDA Airship

Payload bay

Conventional Airship

Capability cannot be added to airship after development

ISIS requires integration of sensor and airship

Payload: 1.7% of system mass Payload: 30-40% of system mass

Truly persistent detection, tracking, and fire-control for:- Low fliers at 600km (eg. anti-ship/cruise missiles, & aircraft)- Surface targets at 300km (eg. littoral small boats, ground vehicles, & dismounts)

Integrated Sensor Is Structure (ISIS)

Distribution Statement “A” (Approved for Public Release, Distribution Unlimited)

For Official Use Only

Most Powerful Airborne GMTI/AMTI Radar & Comms Ever Conceived

No In-Theater Ground Support – 99% on station availability for 1+ years600km radar horizon at 70kft operational altitude

Simultaneous AMTI/GMTI Operation Via Dual Band (UHF/X-Band) ApertureAMTI Fire Control

<10m3 CEP @ 600km

Wide Area GMTI Search-while-TrackSlow targets out to 300kmDetect and track Dismounted troops

Wideband T3 Handset Communications

T3 (45 Mbps) handsets @ 300km line-of-sight

High Capacity AMTI Track1000 Targets @ 600km

Precision Engagement Tracking5000+ targets @ 300 km range <<100m resolution

Wideband Covert UAV DownlinkT3 (45 Mbps) real-time video @ 600km

Direct-to-User Data Flow

Wide Area AMTI SearchTargets @ 600 km

Long-Range LPD CommunicationsBuilding/foliage penetration (low-band)2.5kbps voice channel with watch battery @ 600km

Wide Area GMTI FOPEN DetectionTargets @ 300 km

Distribution Statement “A” (Approved for Public Release, Distribution Unlimited)

Distribution Statement “A” (Approved for Public Release, Distribution Unlimited)

$2 million cash prize

8 October 2005

Winner takes all

The best autonomous

robotic vehicles America can

build

Miles of some of the toughest terrain in the

world

2005 Grand Challenge

Distribution Statement “A” (Approved for Public Release, Distribution Unlimited)

Dakota RoboticsFargo, ND

Team Arctic TortoiseFairbanks, AK

Rob Meyer ProductionsAutonomxTucson, AZ

AVEngineersArcadia, CAsapperParadise, CAJunk yard dogsSalinas, CA

A.I. MotorvatorsAxion RacingThe Golem Group/ UCLATeam SARAGo BajaTeam RiàdeilOut-of-KnowhereTeam SymcasTeam AIONThortechTeam Mark AntonelliPalos Verdes HS RoadWarriorsTeam OCCAMTeam RoboShackUnmanned Vehicles InternationalCobalt HorizonsCyberRiderSciAutonics/Auburn EngineeringTeam CaltechTeamDesignatedDriverRogueCOGNAVLIPS_MALIBUTeam Auto-TriadSTeam Robot MonsterTeam Improbability Team BanzaiAlphalogix AlphaworksNull Setthe Simf enterpriseUCLA/HUJTeam TormentaUCI DARPA Grand Challenge TeamTeam PhiloServic MachinesTeam AliceHollyware Optical Technology v1Los Angeles Area, CA

McNeellyPort Saint Lucie, FL

Team CajunBotLafayette, LAGray TeamMetairieGreen WaveNew Orleans, LA

Team GeocheloneNew york, NYAutonomousIngenuityRochester, NYTeam RuamyartiQueens Village, NYTeam LoGHIQWalden, NYT3SEACortland, NYG-CART@RITRochester, NYTeam BuffaloLockport, NYGRASP Laboratory, University ofPennsylvaniaPhiladelphia, PA

Red TeamRed Team TooPittsburgh, PA

Spurrier’s HurriersMary Esther, FL

Planet ExplorerRenton, WATeam SleipnerSequim, WAThe ProdigiesOlympia, WA Vista EngineeringCarson, WAAllied ForcesIssaquah, WACyber NavBothell, WARobowayMercer Isalnd, WA

Day StarMc Caysville, GA

Team ZingerBotColorado Springs, CO

MojávatonGrand Junction, CO

Team White Cougarthe Las Vegas GamblersLas Vegas, NV

Intelligent Vehicle Safety Technologies IIApple Valley, MNTeam WellingtonDanville, ILTeam LevinHighland Park, ILTeam Fast ForwardChicago, ILTeam MTRLibertyville, IL

Team ExcelsiorSeverna Park, MDoxOxoAnnapolis, MDOmnitechQueenstown, MD

Virginia TechVirginia Tech Team

Rocky Blacksburg, VATeam ENSCOSpringfield, VA

Intelligent Vehicle Safety Technologies ILittleton, COUtah RoboticsKaysville, UTBR MobilityMurray, UTTeam JuggarnautSandy, UTFutureNowaProvo, UT

The A TeamKingman, AZ

Intelligent MachinesK1Phoenix, AZ

Team Manticore - MITCambridge, MA

Two Much Trouble(T.M.T.)North Berwick, ME

Austin Robot TechnologyAustin, TX Mobile Autonomous robotics SocietySan Antonio, TXMonsterMotoCedar Park, TXArmadillo-BotBryan, TXPegasusCollege Station

New Team (160)2004 applicant (35)

CIMARGainesville, FLTeam UCFOrlando, FL

RAV LLCOviedo, FL

InginouityKansas City, MOTeam PhantasmBallwin, MOSpirit of St. LouisFenton, MOSmooth OperatorCape Girardeau, MO

Calculated RISCFitchburg, WITeam TerraMaxOshkosh, WITeam Go It AloneTeam Visionary EndeavorAppleton, WI

RelentlessWinchester, MAAppIntellectBellingham, MATeam UMass DartmouthDartmouth, Ma

Stockbrige High SchoolStockbridge, GANewbies

Fort Gordon, GATeam GA

Lyons, GA

Desert Buckeyes Columbus, OHCjaseBearcatsCincinnati, OHTeam WedgeWooster, OHTeam Robo KnightSouth Lebanon, OH

Patriot RoboticsTaylor, TXTexas DARPA ChallengeConroe, TX

Team Grand Challenger Rabid Ape RoboticsHouston, TXTeam Simple GeniusHumble, TX

AV Andrea MorganAV Sydney BristowAV Wendy DarlingTraverse City, MISakoryatOak Park, MITeam CrossLandHaslett, MI

Insight RacingCary, NC

195 teams from 36 states

Team 2015Jacksonville, FL

BJB EngineeringWilloughby Hills, OHTeam JeffersonCrozet, VA

Rust Bucket RacingTemple Terrace, FLTEAM LONG SHOTSt. Petersburg, FL

Team CARTBluefield, WVTeam GreeneMilton, WV

Not Shown: Autonosys, West Coast Robotics and UBC-CERM3 Team Thunderbird – Canada,Grand Challenge New Zealand, Dotmobil Team –France,

IQ (Intelligent Quad)Indy Robot Racing TeamCakewalkIndianapolis, IN

Team ETKokomo, INRobotic Navigation

Greenwood, INThe ChallengersRising Sun, IN

COPERNICUSLarchmont, NY

Team Cornell IITeam CornellIthaca, NY

Atlas OffroadNew Haven, CT

Highlander RacingMonroe, NJ

Princeton UniversityPrinceton, NJ

AutoTrekMoorestown, NJDesert ArrowManassas, VAThe MITRE MeteoritesMcLean, VA

Hepner RoboticsEdinburg, VA

Team GeorgeKnoxville, TN

OK RoverBroken Arrow, OKTeamNOVAChickasha, OK

Team NomadRidgecrest, CA

AutobotsLincoln, NE

Team-PossibleSeymour, TNTeam UTCChattanooga, TNIntrepidBirminigham, ALTroboPetal, MS

Lunatic FringeSunnyvale, CATeam OverbotRedwood City, CATrue VisionAtascadero, CA“R” Junk WorksLancaster, CAKNetXQuartz Hill, CA

Herbie Goes!Escondido, CAGP Machine IntelligenceSan Marcos, CATeam UnderdawgSan Jose, CAAutonomous Vehicle SystemsSimple Solutions Inclusive

TouchTechSan Diego, CA

Easy Does ItVentura, CAMojave LionsCerritos, CATerra EngineeringRancho Palos Verdes, CA

I to the FutureStoneWalkerAlbuquerque, NM

Team Texas TechLubbock, TX

Blue TeamBerkeley, CAStandford Racing TeamStanford, CATeam Aggie Spirit(UC Davis)Davis, CATeam Cal PolyBen Lomond, CATeam DADMorgan Hill, CA

Oregon WAVECorvallis, OR

University of WashingtonSeattle, WA

D2Honolulu, HI

3 High Schools / 35 Universities

195 ApplicantsFebruary 2005

Distribution Statement “A” (Approved for Public Release, Distribution Unlimited)

Finalists

Axion RacingSciAutonics/Auburn EngineeringTeam CaltechThe Golem Group/ UCLALos Angeles Area, CA

Team CornellIthaca, NY

Red TeamRed Team TooPittsburgh, PA

Intelligent Vehicle Safety Technologies ILittleton, CO

Team ENSCOSpringfield, VA

MonsterMotoCedar Park, TX

CIMARGainesville, FL

Team TerraMaxOshkosh, WI

Desert BuckeyesColumbus, OH

Insight RacingCary, NC

23 teams from 13 states

The MITRE MeteoritesMcLean, VA

Team DADMorgan Hill, CA

MojávatonGrand Junction, CO

Blacksburg, VA

Team CajunBotLafayette, LA

Stanford Racing TeamStanford, CA

Virginia Tech Team Rocky

Virginia TechBlacksburg, VA

Princeton UniversityPrinceton, NJ

2004 Grand Challenge Team - 142005 Grand Challenge New Entry - 9

Gray TeamMetairie, LA

UniversitiesCarnegie Mellon (2)Auburn UniversityCalTechStanfordUniversity of LouisianaOhio StateVirginia Tech (2)CornellUniversity of FloridaPrincetonTulane UniversityUCLA

Distribution Statement “A” (Approved for Public Release, Distribution Unlimited)

The CourseNarrow Underpass

Lake Beds

Rough Roads

Narrow Gates

Long Tunnels

Start/Finish

132 mi

Close Obstacles

Distribution Statement “A” (Approved for Public Release, Distribution Unlimited)

Beer Bottle Pass – Mile 123

Distribution Statement “A” (Approved for Public Release, Distribution Unlimited)

Grand Challenge Finishers

CMU – Highlander 7h 14m – 18.25 mph

CMU – Sandstorm 7h 4m – 18.7 mph

Stanford - Stanley 6h 53m – 19.2 mph

Gray Team 7h 30m – 17.6 mph Oshkosh –Terramax

12h 51m – 10.3 mph

Overnight OperationsDistribution Statement “A” (Approved for Public Release, Distribution Unlimited)

Travel 60 miles in traffic in

under 6 hrs.

Urban Challenge

• Safe following and passage of a moving vehicle

• Safe merge with other moving traffic

• Safe passage through busy intersections

• Parking in congested areas. Safe U-Turn

• Figure out an alternate route when the primary route is impassable

Autonomous Ground Vehicles in the City

November 3, 2007 Western U.S.

Distribution Statement “A” (Approved for Public Release, Distribution Unlimited)

For Official Use Only

Distribution Statement “A” (Approved for Public Release, Distribution Unlimited)