Tests on Turnlok for VR Access Solutions Ltd Report No 407 ... · Tests on Scaffold Components for...

Tests on Turnlok (TM) System Scaffold Components

for VR Access Solutions Ltd

Report No 407

R G Beale

April 2016

Contents 1. Introduction ………………………………………………………………………….. 1

2. Cyclic tests on ledger/transom to standard connection ...…………………………. 1

3. Tests on bracing assemblies ..…..…………….……………………………………... 3

4. Vibration Tests……….…………………………..……………………………...….. 4

5. Tensile Tests ……………………………………………………………………….. 5

6. Analysis of test results ………………………….………...……………………….. 6 7. Conclusions ……………………………………………………………………..……7 Figures …………………………………………………………………………………….. 8 Appendix 1: Test failure modes ………………………………………………………… 21 Appendix 2: Moment-rotation curves …………………………………………………. 24 (a) Initial tests to failure for ledger/transom-standard connection ………….. 24 (b) Cyclic tests on ledger-standard connections ………………………………. 28 (c) Cyclic tests on transom-standard connections …………………………….. 34 Appendix 3: Load-deflection curves for brace assemblies ……………………………. 40 (a) Initial tests to failure ………………………………………………………… 40 (b) Cyclic tests on brace assemblies, brace in compression …………………… 42 (c) Cyclic tests on brace assemblies, brace in tension …………………………. 46 Appendix 4: Vibration test results ……………………………………………………. 50 Appendix 5: Tensile test results ………………………………………………………… 51 (a) Tensile tests ..…………………………………………………………………. 51 (b) Hardness tests ………………………………………………………………... 51 Appendix 6: Westmorland Mechanical Testing & Research Ltd …………………….. 53

© Oxford Brookes University 2016 __________________________________________________________________________________________

Report Number 407. Tests on Scaffold Components for VR Access Solutions Ltd 1 of 53

1. Introduction

This report describes a range of tests carried out on connections and braces for VR Access Systems Ltd Scaffold Components. This series of tests was carried out generally in accordance with the recommendations contained in BS EN12811-3~2002 entitled “Temporary works equipment Part 3 Load testing”. The following tests were made:

• Cyclic load tests on ledger/transom to standard connections • Vibration tests on ledger /transom to standard connections

• Cyclic load tests on façade bracing.

• Tensile tests

The tensile tests were made on samples cut from the test pieces in order to be able to adjust the test results back to the specified minimum yield strengths and to establish the mechanical properties of the tested components where such adjustments are not practicable.

2. Cyclic tests on ledger/transom to standard connections The test arrangement for these tests is shown in Figure 1. Figure 2 shows a transom-standard test where the load and the corresponding rotation are taken to be positive. The arrangement for negative loading and rotation is shown in Figure 3. In these assemblies the standard was clamped to a rigid support and a ledger/transom attached to it. The load was applied hydraulically on a line 400mm from the centreline of the standard. The ledger/transom was set between greased guides to ensure vertical displacement only. In all the cyclic tests on ledgers and transoms loading was conducted under displacement control at a rate of 0.2 mm per second with a sampling rate of 1 sample per second. The rotation of the ledger relative to the standard was measured by observing the difference in the movement of two displacement transducers mounted 50mm apart on a bracket fixed to the ledger. Four pilot tests, two in the positive direction (J646LLFN, J646TLFN) and two in the negative direction (J646LLFI, J646TLFI), were made on the connection to give an estimate of the characteristic moment. The results of these tests have been plotted in Appendix 2, Section (a). Note that the convention used in the testing sequence for specimens was to define specimens under positive rotation to be testing in the ‘normal configuration’ and for specimens tested under negative rotation to be testing in the ‘inverted configuration’.



These graphs show that the connection is a little weaker and less stiff in the positive direction when compared with the negative direction of loading. However, its initial slope was approximately the same in both directions. Based on the pilot tests each of the three test samples was tested by loading cyclically three times before loading to failure. The loading regime for the ledger/transom – standard connections and the brace assemblies is given in Table 1.

Test

Unload at Number of tests

Ledger, positive rotation

6 kN (compression)5.6 kN (tension)

3 cycles, then to failure in the positive direction

Ledger, negative rotation

5.6 kN (tension)6 kN (compression)

3 cycles, then to failure in the negative direction

Transom, positive rotation

5.5 kN (compression)4.2 kN (tension)


Transom, negative rotation

4.2 kN (tension)5.5 kN (compression)


Bracing assembly, brace in compression

14.7 kN (compression) and 17 kN (tension)


Bracing assembly, brace in tension

17 kN (tension) and 14.7 kN (compression)


Table 1. Summary of the cyclic loading regime.

For the ledger to standard connection, the modes of failure were primarily due to distortion/splitting of the cup and tongue fracture. See Figure 4. For the transom to standard connection, the modes of failure were primarily due to distortion/splitting of the cup and tongue bending/fracture. See Figure 5. A tabulation of the failure modes for each test is given in Appendix 1. In Figure 6 all the ledger to standard cyclic tests are plotted on a single graph. The figure shows some variation between one test and another, and confirms that the connection is a little stronger in the negative direction. Detailed moment-rotation curves are set out in Appendix 2, Section (b). Note that the negative direction results have been shown positive in the appendix for simplicity. A polynomial approximation to the loading curve has been superimposed on each test result, displaced so that it passes through the origin. This curve is used later in the treatment of the results and its equation is given on the graph. In Figure 7 all the transom to standard cyclic tests are plotted on a single graph. The figure shows some variation between one test and another, particularly under negative rotation. As can be seen the transom has high variability in the maximum moment in the negative or inverted direction which accounts for the low characteristic and service moments in this



direction although the section is stiffer under these moments. Detailed moment-rotation curves are set out in Appendix 2, Section (c). Note that the negative direction results have again been shown positive in the appendix for simplicity. 3. Tests on bracing assemblies Tests on bracing assemblies were carried out to determine the strength, stiffness and looseness of the façade bracing. The test assembly for the bracing comprised a braced frame made up of standards and ledgers and two façade bracing members. One bracing member was attached to each side of the standards using the normal coupling to ensure symmetry. A sketch of the arrangement showing the overall dimensions is shown in Figure 8. During the test the load was applied to one of the standards on the left of the test assembly and the deflection was measured in two places on the right side of the assembly to allow the calculation of the shear deflection of the braced panel. Two displacement transducers were positioned at each measuring point, symmetrically placed about the centreline of the standard so that any twist of the upright could be eliminated. The positions of the load and the points at which the displacements were measured are given in Figure 9. Figure 9 shows the point of application of the load below the intersection of the diagonal and the other two members. It was not possible to apply the load directly to the intersection. Figures 10 and 11 are a general view of the test arrangements for tension and compression, partially obscured by the straining frames. The test frame was founded on two pin bearings which were bolted to the support frame to provide horizontal resistance to the applied loads. Two pilot tests were made on the bracing assembly to determine the approximate maximum loads, one with the braces in tension and the other with the braces in compression. In the tension test the maximum load reached was about 50 kN. In the test the standard distorted and there was brace movement. In the second pilot test the maximum load was approximately 40 kN at which point the bolt sheared. The load-deflection curves for the pilot tests are shown in Appendix 3, Section (a). The loading rate was set at 0.2 mm/sec with a sampling rate of 0.5 seconds. Note that in calculations for maximum load the test applied load was divided by 2 as two braces were tested simultaneously to avoid distortion due to eccentricity. The assembly was loaded in one direction only as there were two bracing connections, one putting the fixing connection into compression and the other, at the other end of the diagonal, putting the connection into tension. Thus failure in the test would be due to failure of the weaker of the two end connections. The test setup was such that the diagonals were in either in compression or tension at the point of failure. The loading regime for the bracing cyclic tests is given in Table 1. Failure of the bracing assembly occurred when the pivot pin at the end of the diagonal twisted and started to pull from its mounting or the uprights bent. Examples of failure modes are given in Figures 12-14.



The complete set of load-deflection curves is shown for the cyclic tests on the bracing assembly in Figure 15. Note that these curves show the total load measured on and applied to the assembly of a pair of façade braces. The load shown is therefore twice that applied to one façade brace. Detailed load-deflection curves are set out in Appendix C.

4. Vibration tests

A set of three vibration tests was made on transom assemblies arranged in the same manner as the cyclic tests. This is the normal arrangement for the ledger or transom connection The connection was loaded at ±0.5k N (equal to a moment of 0.20kNm), rather more than 10% of the service load recommended by section 7.4 of BS EN1281 1-3. The connection was subjected to 6200 cycles at 5Hz. In none of the three tests was any indication of loosening of the locking cup observed. Full details summarised in Appendix 4.

5. Tensile tests The tensile tests were conducted by Westmoreland Mechanical Testing & Research Limited and the results are attached as Appendix 6. Appendix 5 summarises the results to obtain characteristic UTS values. All test results must be adjusted so that the design values derived from the tests correspond to the minimum mechanical properties for the components concerned. A summary of the tensile and hardness test results has been abstracted from Appendix 4 and is given in Table 2. The ultimate tensile strength for the material was calculated from the hardness test results and where necessary, this is used instead of the yield stress to adjust the test results. The adjustment ratio was calculated using the minimum proof strength of the material. Note that where the measurements are below the minimum guaranteed by the manufacturer, there may be no upwards adjustment of the test results, so that the adjustment ratio is unity, as in the case of the bracing tube.

Item Tensile test/hardness test

Tensile strength N/mm2

Standard deviationN/mm2

Characteristic strength N/mm2

Adjustment ratio

Tubes Tensile test 564.3 10.5 532.1 0.958Bolt Hardness test 647.0 30.1 559.4 1.000

Bottom cup Hardness test 657.9 37.2 550.2 1.000Top cup Hardness test 655.8 7.9 631.3 1.000

Ledger tongue Hardness test 543.6 7.0 521.8 0.997Weld Hardness test 574.1 99.4 337.0 1.000

Rosette (brace) Hardness test 157.2 17.0 120.3 1.000

Table 2: Summary of results of tensile tests Where appropriate an adjustment has been made to the test results using the reduction factor given in the final column of Table 2.



6. Analysis of the test results.

For all the cyclic tests the loading curves were plotted out and the looseness was measured by fitting a straight line to points on the moment-rotation/load-deflection graph in accordance with the arrangement in Figure 4 of BS EN 12811-3. A polynomial approximation to the final loading curve was fitted and the slope of the unloading curve measured from the experimental values. The ductility of each test assembly was assessed by calculating values of areas under the loading and unloading curves, E1o and Eul, either to correspond with a value of qe = 11, or, when this was not possible, finding the maximum value of qe by trial and error. In former case, the ultimate load for the test was determined by the point corresponding to the calculated value of qe = 11 and in the latter case, when qe < 11, qe was determined at the failure point on the graph. The values of qe so obtained were averaged and the value of r2 calculated according to equation 5 in 10.5 of BS EN1281 1-3. The characteristic value of the moment Rk,b was obtained using the maximum calculated values corresponding to values of qe and applying a statistical adjustment to obtain the 5% fractile value. This was then adjusted to take account of their actual mechanical properties of the tested samples as described in Section 6 above. The nominal value of the moment Rk,nom is obtained by dividing this by R2 and the service value by dividing this in turn by f X m . The initial stiffness of the connection is the harmonic mean of the line between the origin and the service load or moment (secant stiffness) and the unloading curve on the mean moment-rotation or load-deflection curve. The second stiffness is the slope of the secant between the service moment and the characteristic load or moment. There was significant looseness in all of the test assemblies. This was determined by fitting straight lines through the experimental data. Two values of looseness are given. The first is the average original looseness obtained from the experimental graphs and the second is the total looseness including the original and the additional looseness as defined in EN12811-3. A summary of all the results is given in Table 3. In Figures 16, 17 and 18 the design lines and the mean polynomial curves are plotted for the ledger/transom connections and the façade brace. The polynomial equation for each assembly is given in Table 4. In each graph the design characteristic is tri-linear. The first line has a slope equal to the design stiffness, the second the final stiffness and the third is the characteristic force or moment. The first two lines meet on the polynomial curve at the service force or moment and the maximum design moment.



Property

units

Ledger

units

Transom

units Bracing assembly

normal Inverted normal

Inverted compression tension

qe mean 10.6221 9.4474 9.1706 5.4166 4.0893 9.3141 R2 1.0094 1.0388 1.0457 1.1396 1.1728 1.0422

char Rk,nom kNm 3.4220 3.6013 kNm 2.4014 1.6765 15.502 18.748 rot(Rk,nom) rad 0.1053 0.0872 rad 0.0498 0.0384 def mm 18.761 19.114

service (Rk,nom) kNm 2.0546 2.1826 kNm 1.3917 1.0161 kN 9.424 11.362 rot(service) rad 0.0437 0.04516 rad 0.0342 0.0287 def mm 14.773 16.494 initial slope kNm/rad 69.621 74.259 kNm/rad 97.596 86.794 kN/mm 6.2210 3.9600 final slope kNm/rad 21.651 33.751 kNm/rad 57.908 68.139 kN/mm 1.9205 3.5232

unloading slope kNm/rad 128.56 111.580 kNm/rad 140.882 108.460 kN/mm 8.2368 3.6190 mean looseness rad 0.0142 0.0155 rad 0.0199 0.0169 mm 16.042 17.250 Total looseness rad 0.0210 0.03809 rad 0.0221 0.1807 mm 16.930 16.709

Table 3: Summary of design properties



x6 x5 x4 x3 x2 x1 x0 Ledger normal 1.6169*106 -1.0889*106 2.7272*105 -2.9546*104 8.9422*102 7.0651*101 -1.1046*100

Ledger inverted 1.7066*106 -1.2628*106 3.5360*105 -4.4877*104 2.1428*103 3.6582*101 -9.5431*10-1

Transom normal 8.3216*104 6.3817*104 -6.9681*104 2.1403*104 -3.0655*103 2.2102*102 -3.3430*100

Transom inverted -2.9234*106 1.2949*106 -2.2451*104 2.3021*104 -2.0446*103 1.5302*102 -2.1100*100

Bracing compression -6.6841*10-7 1.8526*10-4 -8.6462*10-3 3.3307*10-1 -7.1773*100 8.2717*101 -3.8465*102

Bracing Tension 4.1953*10-6 -5.7517*10-4 3.2840*10-2 -9.9454*10-1 1.6608*101 -1.4020*102 4.5542*102

Table 4: Coefficients of the moment- rotation and force deflection curves. 7. Conclusions.

This report describes a series of tests made on the VR Access System Ltd Scaffold Components connections and braces in accordance with the recommendations of BS EN 12811-3. The output of the report is the set of structural parameters set out in Table 3, the polynomial coefficients in Table 4 and the graphs in Figures 15, 16 and 17.



Figures

Figure 1: Connection Test arrangement

Figure 2: Transom to standard connection test arrangement (positive rotation)



Figure 3: Ledger to standard connection test arrangement (negative rotation)

Figure 4: Cup split and tongue fracture

Figure 5: Weld and tongue fracture



Figure 6: Moment-rotation curves for all ledger - standard cyclic tests



Figure 7: Moment-rotation curves for transom – standard tests



Braces

1250

10

baseplate

120

200

Weld100

Standard

1000

240

Ledger

boltholes

brace

Figure 8: Schematic of brace test



Jack 100 mmbelow joint

Compression

Trandsducers K11, K12 (+ 25 mm)

Trandsducers 3F,$G (+ 75 mm)

Jack 850 mmbelow joint

Trandsducers K11, K12 (+ 25 mm)

Trandsducers 3F,$G (+ 75 mm)

Tension

Figure 9: Load points and displacement transducer positions



Figure 10: General view of test arrangement (tension)

Figure 11: General view of test arrangement (compression)



#

Figure 12: Bolt failure

Figure 13: Standard distortion



Figure 14: Standard distortion at joint

Oxford Brookes University 2016 ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________


Figure 15: Load-deflection curves for all the brace cyclic tests



Figure 16: Design curves for the Ledger-standard connection



Figure 17: Design curves for the transom to standard connection



Figure 18: Design curves for the brace

© Oxford Brookes University 2016 __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Report No. 407. Tests on VR Access Solutions Ltd scaffold components 21 of 53

Appendix 1: Test failure modes

Ledger tests Tests undertaken at loading rate 0.1 mm/sec under displacement control, sample interval 1 second

Test Number

Test file Cup elongation

Cup split

Cup rotation

Tongue bending

Tongue fracture

Standard distortion

Ledger distortion

3 J646LLFI Y Y N Y N N N 5 J646LLFN N N Y N Y N N 6 J646LCI1 N Y N N N N N 7 J646LCI2 N Y N N N N N 8 J646LCI3 N Y N N N N N 9 J646LCN1 N Y N N N N N 10 J646LCN2 Y Y N N N N N 11 J646LCN3 Y Y N N N N N

Note. Y = primary mode of failure



Transom tests Tests undertaken at loading rate 0.1 mm/sec under displacement control, sample interval 1 second

Test Number

Test file Cup elongation

Cup split

Weld fracture

Tongue bending

Tongue fracture

Cup ring distortion

Standard/ Transom distortion

14 J646TLFI N N Y N N N N 16 J646TLFN N N Y Y Y Y N 17 J646TCN1 N N Y Y Y N N 18 J646TCN2 N N Y Y Y Y N 19* J646TCN3 N N N N Y N N 20 J646TCI1 Y N Y Y N N N 21 J646TCI2 Y N Y N N N N 22 J646TCI3 Y N Y N N N N

*Test 18 jumped from -3.9 to -4.4 KN




Bracing Tests Loading rate 0.2 mm/sec, sample interval 0.5 seconds

Test Number

Test file Brace popped

out

Weld failure

Bolt failure

Standard distortion

Standard buckled

Brace movement

Brace distortion

23 J646BLT N N N Y Y Y N 24 J646BLC N N Y N N N N 25 J646BCC1 N N Y N N N N 26 J646BCC2 N N Y N N N N 27 J646BCC3 N N Y N N N N 28 J646BCC4 N N N N N N N 29* J646BCT1 Y N N Y N N N 30* J646BCT2 Y Y N Y N N N 31* J624BCT3 Y N N N N Y N 32* J624BCT4 Y N N N N Y N

*Loading rate 0.4 mm/sec




Appendix 2: Moment-rotation curves

(a) Initial tests to failure for ledger/transom-standard connections



(b) Cyclic tests on ledger-standard connections



(c) Cyclic tests on transom-standard connections



Appendix 3: Load-deflection curves for brace assemblies

(a) Initial tests to failure



(b) Cyclic tests on brace assemblies- - brace in compression



(c) Cyclic tests on brace assemblies – brace in tension

© Oxford Brookes University 2016 ___________________________________________________________________________________


Appendix 4: Vibration test results

Tests done using a sine wave with amplification of 0.5 kN, mean 0.0 kN, frequency 2.5 Hz, pump pressure 500 PSI under load control

Test Number Test file Number of cycles

Comment

1 J646LV1 6201 After about 4500 cycles amplitude of LVDT 4 changed from 1.04 to 1.60 mm but settled down to 1.20 at end.

Joint was tight after testing (6200 cycles)

2 J646LV2 6200 Amplitude LVDT 4 stayed around 1.01 mm throughout.

Joint tight after testing (6200) cycles 4 J646LV3 6200 Amplitude LVDT 4 1.89 mm after

101 cycles, 0.91 mm after 500 cycles, 0.94 mm after 2365 cycles, 0.95 mm

after 6200 cycles. Joint tight after testing

12 J646TV1 6200 Amplitude LVDT 4 1.32 mm after 192 cycles, 1.24 mm after 995 cycles, 2.15 mm after 3095 cycles and 2.67

mm after 6200 cycles. Joint tight after testing.

13 J624TV2 6200 Amplitude LVDT 4 0.55 mm after 102 cycles, 0.46 mm after 3099

cycles, 0.34 mm after 6200 cycles. Joint tight after testing.

15 J624TV3 6200 Amplitude LVDT 4 after 104 cycles, 1.06 mm, 0.86 mm after 3100 cycles,

1.24 mm after 6200 cycles. Joint tight after testing



Appendix 5: Tensile test results

(a) Tensile tests on Tubes

Test No. ULS (N/mm2) ln(ULS) 33004C 575 6.354370 33005C 554 6.317165 33006C 564 6.335054

Min 554 Mean 564.3 6.335530 Max 575

StDev 10.5 0.018607 Mean ultimate tensile stress = 564.3 N/mm2, standard deviation = 10.5 N/mm2, , design strength = 510 N/mm2, characteristic strength = 532.1 N/mm2, adjustment ratio = 0.958

(b) Hardness tests

Bolt (BCC)

Test No. Hardness ULS (N/mm2) ln(ULS) BCC/1B 184.8 629.0 6.444131 BCC/2B 185.0 630.3 6.446196 BCC/3B 202.2 681.8 6.524736

Min 629.0 Mean 190.6 647.0 6.471688 Max 681.8

StDev 10.0 30.12 0.045953 Mean ultimate tensile stress = 647.0 N/mm2, standard deviation = 30.12 N/mm2, design strength 830 N/mm2, characteristic strength = 559.4 N/mm2, adjustment ratio = 1.000 Bottom cup

Test No. Hardness ULS (N/mm2) ln(ULS) LCI/1C 183.8 622.3 6.433422 LCI/2C 210.4 696.5 6.546068 LCI/3C 194.6 654.9 6.484483

Min 622.3 Mean 196.3 657.9 6.484483 Max 696.5

StDev 13.4 25.7 0.056405 Mean ultimate tensile stress = 657.9 N/mm2, standard deviation = 37.2 N/mm2, design strength = 690 N/mm2, characteristic strength = 550.2 N/mm2, adjustment ratio = 1.000



Top cup

Test No. Hardness ULS (N/mm2) ln(ULS) BCT/1L 191.2 651.4 6.479124 BCT/2L 189.8 651.1 6.478663 BCT/3L 198.6 665.0 6.499787

Min 651.1 Mean 193.2 655.8 6.485858 Max 665.0

StDev 4.7 7.9 0.012065 Mean ultimate tensile stress = 655.8 N/mm2, standard deviation = 7.9 N/mm2, design strength = 640 N/mm2, characteristic strength = 631.3 N/mm2, adjustment ratio = 1.000 Ledger tongue

Test No. Hardness ULS (N/mm2) ln(ULS) LCN/1T 165.2 544.3 6.299501 LCN/2T 160.6 536.2 6.284507 LCN/3T 168.6 550.2 6.310282

Min 536.2 Mean 164.8 543.6 6.298097 Max 550.2

StDev 4.0 4.0 0.012945 Mean ultimate tensile stress = 543.6 N/mm2, standard deviation = 7.0 N/mm2, design strength = 520 N/mm2, characteristic strength = 521.8 N/mm2, adjustment ratio = 1.000 Weld

Test No. Hardness ULS (N/mm2) ln(ULS) TCI/1W 153.8 519.5 6.252867 TCI/2W 206.0 688.9 6.535096 TCI/3W 151.8 514.0 6.242223

Min 514.0 Mean 170.5 574.1 6.343395 Max 688.9

StDev 30.7 99.4 0.166103 Mean ultimate tensile stress = 574.1 N/mm2, standard deviation = 99.4 N/mm2, design strength = 510 N/mm2, characteristic strength = 337.0 5N/mm2, adjustment ratio = 1.000



Appendix 6: Westmoreland Mechanical Testing & Research Limited The PDF is appended to the document (5 pages)

Westmoreland Mechanical Testing & Research, Ltd. 19 Wildmere Road, Banbury

Oxfordshire OX16 3JU, U.K.

Telephone: +44 (0) 1295 261211

Fax: +44 (0) 1295 263096

Website: www.wmtr.co.uk

Page 1 of 1 This certificate or report shall not be reproduced except in full without the written approval of WMT&R Ltd. Knowingly or wilfully falsifying or concealing a

material fact on this form or making false, fictitious or fraudulent statements or representations herein could constitute a criminal offence, punishable under UK law.

2616

Oxford Brookes Enterprises Limited Report No: UK-16000361 Hardness

Headington Campus Test & Report Date: 15th - 16th March 2016

Gipsy Lane WMT&R Quote No: QB160242

Headington Purchase Order No: IC421869/TDE

Oxfordshire Test Temperature: 22.0°C

OX3 0BP Test Operator: TF

Attention: Mr Ray Salter

Vickers Hardness (HV5)

Fifteen samples were supplied for hardness (Vickers) testing, in order to determine the core hardness. Samples

were mounted and prepared in accordance with ASTM E3-11. Hardness testing was performed with a

Vickers-Armstrong hardness tester in accordance with ASTM E384-11. No specification or requirement was

supplied by the customer. The results in this report relate only to the items tested.

Customer Identity Test Log No. Results (HV5) Average

Bolt BCC/1B 32989C 183 182 188 188 183 185

Bolt BCC/2B 32990C 187 182 183 185 188 185

Bolt BCC/3B 32991C 199 208 199 208 197 202

Cup LCI/1C 32992C 183 183 185 180 188 184

Cup LCI/2C 32993C 210 214 212 210 206 210

Cup LCI/3C 32994C 195 193 195 197 193 195

Locking Ring BCT/1L 32995C 188 188 195 193 192 191



Ledger Tongue LCN/1T 32998C 160 162 171 158 175 165



Weld TCI/1W 33001C 155 152 162 144 156 154

Weld TCI/2W 33002C 206 195 214 192 223 206

Weld TCI/3W 33003C 160 151 157 134 157 152

Table 1 - Vickers Hardness Results

Approved Signatory: __________________________________

Lianne Cook – Head of Dept. Metallography

For and on behalf of WMT& R Limited

http://www.wmtr.com/

of 1 + Plots

THIS CERTIFICATE OR REPORT SHALL NOT BE REPRODUCED EXCEPT IN FULL WITHOUT THE WRITTEN APPROVAL OF WMT&R LTD.

KNOWINGLY OR WILFULLY FALSIFYING OR CONCEALING A MATERIAL FACT ON THIS FORM OR MAKING FALSE, FICTITIOUS OR

FRAUDULENT STATEMENTS OR REPRESENTATIONS HEREIN COULD CONSTITUTE A CRIMINAL OFFENCE, PUNISHABLE UNDER UK LAW.

Westmoreland Mechanical Testing & Research, Ltd.

19 Wildmere Road, Banbury

Oxfordshire OX16 3JU, U.K.

Telephone: +44 (0) 1295 261211

Fax: +44 (0) 1295 263096

Website: www.wmtr.co.uk

2616

The specimens were of nominal width 6.0mm and parallel length (Lc) 32.0mm, marked with a 25.0mm gauge

length for determination of elongation.

The specimens were instrumented with a dual averaging extensometer and tested at ambient temperature

The specimens were tested in strain rate control at the first rate to beyond yield at which point the second rate

was adopted and the extensometry was removed.

Full details of the testing and equipment used are contained in the laboratory customer folder.

The results in this report relate only to the items tested.

* Indicates if the specimen broke outside the middle 1/3 of the gauge length.

Approved Signatory: ________________________

Alan Ip - Technician

For and on behalf of WMT&R Ltd

Tensile Test Report Report Number: UK-16000362 (Tensile)

Test Conforms to: BS EN ISO 6892-1 :2009

Report Date: 17th March 2016

Oxford Brookes Enterprises Ltd Revision Date N/A

Headington Campus WMTR Quote No: QB160269 Rev 1

Gipsy lane Purchase Order No: IC421867/TDE

Headington Material: Steel S355 JOH

Oxford Specimen Orientation: As supplied

OX3 0BP 1st Test Rate: 0.015 strain/min

2nd

Test Rate: 0.400 strain/min (over Lc)

Test Date: 17th March 2016

Attn: Mr Raymond Salter Operator Initials: AI

Testlog Sample Id 0.2% PS

(MPa)

UTS

(MPa)

Elong.

(%)

33004C BCT/1S 478 575 17.0 *

33005C BCT/2S 461 554 17.3 *

33006C BCT/3S 478 564 16.2 *

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

-1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16

Tensi

le s

tress

(M

Pa)

Tensile strain (%)

Full Stress-Strain Plot

WMTR Log

33004C

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

-1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16

Tensi

le s

tress

(M

Pa)

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WMTR Log

33005C

Page 1

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-1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17

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WMTR Log

33006C

0

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600

0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

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Pa)

Tensile strain (%)

Yield Region Plot

WMTR log

33004C

Page 2

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

Tensi

le s

tress

(M

Pa)

Tensile strain (%)

Yield Region Plot

WMTR log

33005C

0

100

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0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

Tensi

le s

tress

(M

Pa)

Tensile strain (%)

Yield Region Plot

WMTR log

33006C

Page 3

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