• TESTS NOT GRADED YET, SORRY :/

• By end of day!

• Test corrections Monday – Friday next week– Lunch, or extra class time – Instructions will be on side board – don’t‘ remove

any materials from the classroom

Learning Intro & Classical Conditioning

Chapter 8 – No Test, on Exam!

What we’ll be looking at:

CLASSICAL CONDITIONING*

Pavlov’s Experiments OPERANT CONDITIONING

Skinner’s Experiments LEARNING BY OBSERVATION

Bandura’s Experiments REINFORCEMENT SCHEDULES

Positive & Negative Px effects

on behavior

• Learning is a relatively permanent change in an organism’s behavior due to experience.

• Learning is more flexible in comparison togenetically programmed behaviors‐

How do we learn?• We learn by association– Our minds naturally connect events that occur in

sequence– 2000 years ago: Aristotle suggested this law of

association– 200 years ago: Locke and Hume reiterated this law

Stimulus- Stimulus Learning • Learning to associate one stimulus with another

Response-Consequence Learning

• Learning to associate a response with a consequence.

What is conditioning?

• The process of learning associations

• CLASSICAL CONDITIONING – learning in which organisms come to associate stimuli – Aka “Pavlonian Conditioning”

CLASSICAL CONDITIONINGPavlov’s Dogs – Experiment • Ring tone, no response -Give dog food, dog

salivates • So….. • TONE + FOOD (repeat) = TONE ALONE salivate

Unconditioned Response (UCR) – not learned

Unconditioned Stimulus (UCS) -

Neutral Stimulus (NS) – no effect at start

Conditioned Stimulus (CS) – NS becomes CS

Conditioned Response (CR) – learned response

Variables to Know (Classical)

Variables to Know (Classical) Unconditioned Response (UCR)– Ex. Salivation (not learned)

Unconditioned Stimulus (UCS)– Ex. FOOD – naturally causes salivation

Neutral Stimulus (NS) becomes (CS) – Ex. TONE – no response at first– when paired with UCS CS (learned)

Conditioned Response (CR) – Ex. Hear tone, salivate (learned/conditioned)

Let’s try… • List NS, UCR, UCS, CS, CR for the following:

A mother of a child who slams the door every morning in a hurry to get to school begins to flinch every morning when her son says “Goodbye.”

• Tactless Tom yells at Emotional Ernie. As a result, Ernie’s blood pressure rises automatically. The next time that Ernie sees Tom, Ernie’s blood pressure rises.

• UCS CR• UCR• NS CS

• A young child who reaches out to pet a barking dog is bitten by the dog and cries. Every time she hears a dog bark, she whimpers.

• UCS CR• UCR• NS CS

Other Classical Terms to know

• Acquisition • Extinction• Spontaneous Recovery