Testing Hydric Soil Indicator TF2. Red Parent Material in MLRA 145
Transcript of Testing Hydric Soil Indicator TF2. Red Parent Material in MLRA 145
Testing Hydric Soil Indicator TF2. Red Parent Material in MLRA 145
Donald Parizek Soil Scientist, USDA-NRCS MLRA 12-6 Soil Survey Office Tolland, Connecticut
USDA is an equal opportunity employer and provider.
• MLRA 145-Connecticut Valley Auer Farm, Bloomfield – Evaluated 6 soil pits in red till soils of a woodland soil catena and a wet meadow soil catena
Wadsworth Estate, Middletown – Evaluated 5 Soil pits of a woodland soil catena in Red till soils (Ludlow, Wilbraham and Menlo Series)
Problematic Red Soils
• Color Change Propensity Index (CCPI)
• A value of 30 or less is problematic (Rabenhorst and Parikh, 2000)
• Auer Farm Bw Horizon CCPI = 21.71
• Auer Farm C Horizon CCPI = 17.08
• Wadsworth Estate Bw Horizon = 18.37
• All samples are problematic (Rabenhorst, 2008)
Redox in a Red Soil
• TF2. Red Parent Material. For testing in LRRs • with red parent material. In parent material with hue • of 7.5YR or redder, a layer at least 10 cm (4 inches) • thick with a matrix value and chroma of 4 or less and • 2 percent or more redox depletions and/or redox • concentrations occurring as soft masses and/or • pore linings. The layer is entirely within 30 cm (12 • inches) of the soil surface. The minimum thickness • requirement is 5 cm (2 inches) if the layer is the • mineral surface layer.
TF2. test indicator
F21. New Indicator for testing in SNE
• F21. Red Parent Material. For use in MLRAs 147 and 148 of LRR S and MLRA 127 of LRR N; for testing in all soils derived from red parent materials. A layer derived from red parent materials (see glossary) that is at least 10 cm (4 inches) thick, starting within 25 cm (10 inches) of the soil surface with a hue of 7.5YR or redder. The matrix has a value and chroma greater than 2 and less than or equal to 4. The layer must contain 10 percent or more depletions and/or distinct or prominent redox concentrations occurring as soft masses or pore linings. Redox depletions should differ in color by having:
• Value one or more higher and chroma one or more lower than the matrix,
• Or Value of 4 or more and chroma of 2 or less.
Auer Farm
Soil Temperature, Site 4- A at 30cm
0
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Tim
e, G
MT-
04:0
0 11
/4/2
007
8:00
11
/9/2
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8:00
11
/14/
2007
8:0
0 11
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2007
8:0
0 11
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2007
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0 11
/29/
2007
8:0
0 12
/4/2
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8:00
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/9/2
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8:00
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/14/
2007
8:0
0 12
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8:0
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/24/
2007
8:0
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2007
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0 1/
3/20
08 8
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13/2
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18/2
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28/2
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2/20
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2/7/
2008
8:0
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12/2
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17/2
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2008
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13/2
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18/2
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28/2
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2/20
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4/7/
2008
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12/2
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17/2
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22/2
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27/2
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2/20
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2008
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12/2
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17/2
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22/2
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27/2
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1/20
08 8
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6/6/
2008
8:0
0 6/
11/2
008
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16/2
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21/2
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26/2
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2008
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11/2
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8:00
Degrees F
Early April Start of Growing Season (Similar results at Wadsworth Estate)
Auer Farm Wet Meadow
Typic Endoaquoll Well # Depth
cm Horizon Soil Texture
Matrix Color
Redox Features
1 0 -18 Ap, MKSIL 7.5YR 2.5/1
10 %, fine, prominent, 7.5YR 4/6 pore linings
18 - 46 Bg, SIL
7.5YR 5/1
10 %, fine, prominent, 7.5YR 5/6 masses of iron accumulation
46 - 61 2Cd, L 7.5YR 4/3
5 %, medium, prominent, 7.5YR 5/6 masses of iron accumulation
-70
-60
-50
-40
-30
-20
-10
0
10
Water Depth cm Indicators A11. Depleted Below Dark Surface F3. Depleted Matrix F6. Redox Dark Surface TF2 Red Parent Material
positive reaction to alpha,alpha- dipyridyl on 6/4/08, upper 30 cm, Peterson
Auer Farm Wet Meadow
Auer Farm Wet Meadow
Aeric Endoaquept Well # Depth
cm Horizon, Soil Texture
Matrix Color
Redox Features
2 0 -10 Ap1, SIL 7.5YR 4/3 10 %, fine, prominent, 5YR 4/6 masses of iron accumulation
10 - 20 Ap2, GRSIL
7.5YR 4/3 15 %, medium, distinct, 7.5YR 5/6 masses of iron accumulation, diffused in the matrix and 2% medium, faint 7.5YR 5/2 zones of iron depletion
20 - 36 Bw, SIL 7.5YR 5/3 25 %, medium, distinct, 7.5YR 5/6 masses of iron accumulation diffused in the matrix and 10% medium, faint 7.5YR5/2 zones of iron depletion
36 - 56 2Cd, GRSL 5YR 4/3 5%, manganese concentrations, on surface of rock fragments
Indicators TF2 Red Parent Material F21 Red Parent Material positive reaction toalpha,alpha- dipyridyl on 6/4/08, upper 30 cm, Peterson
-120
-100
-80
-60
-40
-20
0
water depth cm
water depth cm
Auer Farm Wet Meadow
Aeric Endoaquept
Well # Depth cm
Horizon, Soil Texture
Matrix Color
Redox Features
3 0 -20 Ap, SIL 7.5YR 3/2 1 %, fine, prominent, 7.5YR 5/6 masses of iron accumulation
20 - 38 Bw1, SIL 7.5YR 4/4 10 %, medium, distinct, 7.5YR 5/6 masses of iron accumulation, diffused in the matrix
38 - 61 Bw2, SIL 7.5YR 4/4 15 %, medium, distinct, 7.5YR 5/6 masses of iron accumulation diffused in the matrix and 10% medium, faint 7.5YR 5/2 zones of iron depletion
61 - 102 2Cd, GRL 5YR 3/3 2%, fine, distinct, 7.5YR 5/6 masses of iron accumulation, diffused in the matrix
Indicators TF2 Red Parent Material
-120
-100
-80
-60
-40
-20
0
Series1 F21 Red Parent Material
Auer Farm Woodland
Aquic Dystrudept Well # Depth
cm Horizon, Soil Texture
Matrix Color
Redox Features
4 0 - 3 A1, SIL 5YR 2.5/1 none
3 - 20 A2, SIL 5YR 3/3 none
20 - 36 Bw1, SIL 7.5YR 4/6 none
36 - 46 Bw2, GR SIL
5YR 4/4 none
46 - 76 Cd1, GRL 5YR 4/4 5%, fine, prominent , 5YR 5/8 masses of iron accumulation and 10% medium distinct 5YR 5/2 zones of iron depletion diffused in the matrix
76 - 102
Cd2, SIL 5YR 4/3 20%, fine, prominent , 5YR 5/6 masses of iron accumulation and 30% medium distinct 5YR 6/2 zones of iron depletion diffused in the matrix
-100
-90
-80
-70
-60
-50
-40
-30
-20
-10
0
DA
TE
3/23
/200
6
4/24
/200
6
5/11
/200
6
6/12
/200
6
8/8/
2006
10/3
/200
6
11/6
/200
6
12/1
3/20
06
1/18
/200
7
3/14
/200
7
4/24
/200
7
6/1/
2007
7/17
/200
7
10/1
8/20
07
1/30
/200
7
No Hydric Soil Indicators Present
Auer Farm Woodland
Aeric Endoaquept Well # Depth cm Horizon,
Soil Texture Matrix Color
Redox Features
4-A 0 - 15 Ap, SIL 7.5YR 3/2 none
15 - 41 Bw, SIL 7.5YR 4/4 5%, fine, distinct , 7.5YR 5/6 masses of iron accumulation and 5% medium, distinct 5YR 5/2 zones of iron depletion diffused in the matrix
41 - 51 BC, GRL 5YR 4/3 5%, fine, distinct , 7.5YR 5/6 masses of iron accumulation and 5% medium, distinct 5YR 5/2 zones of iron depletion diffused in the matrix
51 - 102 Cd, GRL 5YR 4/3 None
-120
-100
-80
-60
-40
-20
0 Indicators TF2 Red Parent Material F21 Red Parent Material
Auer Farm Site 5
Auer Farm Woodland
Aeric Endoaquept Well # Depth
cm Horizon, Soil Texture
Matrix Color
Redox Features
5 0 - 10 Ap1, SIL 7.5YR 4/2 5%, medium, faint , 7.5YR 4/3 masses of iron accumulation and 2% fine, distinct 7.5YR 4/6 masses of iron accumulation on ped faces
10 - 18 Ap2, SIL 7.5YR 4/2 15%, fine, prominent , 5YR 4/6 masses of iron accumulation
18 - 28 Bw, SIL 7.5YR 5/3 10%, medium, distinct , 10YR 4/6 masses of iron accumulation and 5% medium, faint 5YR 5/2 zones of iron depletion
28 - 54 BC, SIL 5YR 4/4 10%, medium, distinct , 5YR 4/6 masses of iron accumulation and 5% coarse, distinct 5YR 5/2 zones of iron depletion
-100
-80
-60
-40
-20
0
DA
TE
3/23
/200
6
4/24
/200
6
5/11
/200
6
6/12
/200
6
8/8/
2006
10/3
/200
6
11/6
/200
6
12/1
3/20
06
1/18
/200
7
3/14
/200
7
4/24
/200
7
6/1/
2007
7/17
/200
7
10/1
8/20
07
1/30
/200
7 Indicators F3. Depleted Matrix (A horizons) TF2. Red Parent Material F21 Red Parent Material
Remember to Look Very Closely at the A Horizons
• In many instances the A horizon redox features were the determining factor
• A horizons can be recognized as a depleted matrix F3. if they have a value of 4 or more and chroma 2 or less with common or many, distinct or prominent redox concentrations (Field Indicators of Hydric Soils in the United States, version 7.0, 2010)
Wadsworth Estate East Wetland
Wadsworth Estate East – 1
Oxyaquic Dystrudept Horizon Depth cm Soil Texture Matrix
Color Redox Color
Redox Type
Redox %
Redox Location
Redox contrast
Oe 0-5 MPM 10YR 2.5/2 None None None None None
Ap 5-23 SIL 7.5YR 3/3 None None None None None
Bw1 23-38 SIL 5YR 4/3 None None None None None
Bw2 38-61 L 5YR 4/3 5 YR 4/4 Concentrations 5% matrix faint
Cd 61-90 FSL 5YR 4/3 7.5YR 4/6 Concentrations 5% matrix Prominent
-90
-80
-70
-60
-50
-40
-30
-20
-10
0
1/23
/200
8
2/23
/200
8
3/23
/200
8
4/23
/200
8
5/23
/200
8
6/23
/200
8
7/23
/200
8
8/23
/200
8
9/23
/200
8
10/2
3/20
08
11/2
3/20
08
12/2
3/20
08
1/23
/200
9
2/23
/200
9
3/23
/200
9
4/23
/200
9
5/23
/200
9
No Hydric Soil Indicators
Wadsworth Estate East -2
Aeric Endoaquept Horizon Depth cm Soil Texture Matrix
Color Redox Color
Redox Type
Redox %
Redox Location
Redox contrast
A1 0-17 SIL 7.5YR 3/2 none none none none none
A2 17-33 SL 7.5YR 3/2 10YR 2/1 10YR 2/1
concretions concentrations
2% 2%
Matrix Faint Faint
Bw 33-55 L 5YR 4/3 10YR 2/1 10YR 2/1 5YR 4/4
Concretions Concentrations concentrations
2% 5% 2%
Matrix Prominent Prominent Faint
Cd 55-74+ L 5YR 4/3 10YR 6/2 7.5YR 5/6 5YR 4/4
Depletions concentrations concentrations
2% 2% 2%
matrix Distinct Prominent prominent
-45
-40
-35
-30
-25
-20
-15
-10
-5
0
1/23
/200
8
2/23
/200
8
3/23
/200
8
4/23
/200
8
5/23
/200
8
6/23
/200
8
7/23
/200
8
8/23
/200
8
9/23
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8
10/2
3/20
08
11/2
3/20
08
12/2
3/20
08
1/23
/200
9
2/23
/200
9
3/23
/200
9
4/23
/200
9
5/23
/200
9
Hydric Soil Indicators TF2. Red Parent Material, On the line
Does Not Meet F21
Redox Concentrations and Concretions
Wadsworth Estate East-3
Aeric Endoaquept Horizon Depth cm Soil
Texture Matrix Color Redox Color size Redox
Type Redox
% Redox
Location Redox
contrast Ap 0-19 SIL 7.5YR 3/2 none none none none none none
Bw1 19-28 SIL 7.5YR 4/3 10YR 2/1 5YR 3/4
fine medium
Concretions concentrations
1% 5 %
matrix Prominent faint
Bw2 28-37 SIL 7.5YR 4/3 7.5YR 4/6 medium concentrations 20% matrix distinct
Cd1 37-55 FSL 5YR 4/4 7.5YR 4/6 10 YR 2/1
Medium fine
concentrations concentrations
10% 1%
matrix coating
distinct prominent
Cd2 55-100 FSL 5YR 4/4 7.5YR 4/6 10 YR 2/1 7.5YR 6/2
Medium Fine medium
concentrations Concentrations depletions
10% 1% 2%
matrix coating matrix
distinct prominent distinct
-120
-100
-80
-60
-40
-20
0 Hydric Soil Indicators TF2. Red Parent Material
Does Not Meet F21
Wadsworth Estate East-4
Aeric Endoaquept Horizon Depth cm Soil
Texture Matrix Color Redox Color size Redox
Type Redox
% Redox
Location Redox
contrast Ap 0-16 SIL 7.5YR 3/2 none none none none none none
Bw1 16-28 SIL 7.5YR 4/4 7.5YR 4 /6 fine concentrations 2% matrix distinct
Bw2 28-45 L 7.5YR 4/3 7.5YR 4/6 7.5YR 4/2
medium concentrations Iron depletions
15% 2%
matrix pore linings
distinct faint
BC 45-68 L 5YR 4/4 7.5YR 4/6 7.5YR 4/2
medium concentrations Iron depletions
15% 2%
matrix pore linings
distinct distinct
Cd2 68-100 GR SL 5YR 4/3 7.5YR 4/6 Medium concentrations 2% matrix prominent
-80
-70
-60
-50
-40
-30
-20
-10
0
Hydric Soil Indicators TF2. Red Parent Material
Does Not Meet F21
Wadsworth Estate East-5
Typic Endoaquoll Horizon Depth cm Soil
Texture Matrix Color Redox Color size Redox
Type Redox
% Redox
Location Redox
contrast A1 0-18 SIL 7.5YR 3/2 none none none none none none
A2 18-30 SIL 7.5YR 3/2 5YR 4 /6 10YR 2/1
fine concentrations concretions
2% 1%
matrix prominent
Bg1 30-44 L 7.5YR 4/2 7.5YR 4/4 10YR 2/1
Medium fine
concentrations concretions
5% 1%
matrix distinct
Bg2 44-54 GR L 7.5YR 4/2 7.5YR 4/6 medium concentrations
10% Matrix
prominent
BC 54-92 GR L 5YR 3/3 7.5YR 4/6
Medium
concentrations 10% matrix prominent
Cd 92-100 GR L 5YR 3/3 none
Hydric Soil Indicators A11. Depleted Below Dark Surface (starting @30cm, wavy boundary) TF2. Red Parent Material
-50
-40
-30
-20
-10
0
Conclusions
• TF2. Red Parent Material worked consistently at the sites tested in MLRA 145
• F21 was not consistent
• It is very important to make detailed observations in the A Horizons
• Concretions of Iron and Manganese are often present along with soft masses and should be in the user notes.
• Be very carful with your estimates of redox %
Conclusions • Recommendation: study additional sites using
TF2 and F21.
• Need to research Red Sandy Parent Materials next.
• Thank you to all that helped out on these projects over the years including folks from: NRCS,USACOE, SSSSNE, URI, UMASS, UCONN, University of Maryland, Auer Farm, City of Middletown, and the New England Hydric Soils Technical Committee.
Questions?