Testing 201: Gravity Grease Interceptors (GGIs) · Interceptor Definitions - GGI • Gravity Grease...
Transcript of Testing 201: Gravity Grease Interceptors (GGIs) · Interceptor Definitions - GGI • Gravity Grease...
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Testing201:GravityGreaseInterceptors(GGIs)
Tacklinga2000lbgorilla
Dr.GregWilliams,P.Eng.ManagingDirector,GoodHarbourLaboratories
NSFFOGWorkshop,February27,2018
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Definitions & Basics
• TheUniformPlumbingCodereferstoASMEA112.14.3,whichisverygeneral:
– Greaseinterceptor:plumbingappurtenance(s)thatis(are)installedinthesanitarydrainagesysteminordertointerceptoilyandgreasywastesfromwastewaterdischarges
Interceptor Definitions
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Definitions & Basics
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• HoweverA112.14.3doesspecifythattheflowratingmustbe<100gpm(oritcan’tbetested)andtheinstallationmustbeoneof4types:f
1. Externalflowcontrol,withairintake,direct2. Externalflowcontrolwithoutairintake,direct3. Noexternalflowcontrol,direct4. Noexternalflowcontrol,indirect
Interceptor Definitions Cont’d
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Definitions & Basics
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• Sometimebetween1996and2007,theForewordofG-101startedtostatethedifferencebetweenHMISandGGIs– hydraulicflowaction+airentrainment+gravityvs.gravity– Also,HMIsfollowtheflowandinstallationconstraintsofA112.14.3
• By2009thedefinitionofHMImadeitintoIAPMOIGC273
HMI’S
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Definitions & Basics
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Interceptor Definitions - GGI
• GravityGreaseInterceptors(GGIs)–fromthe2009UniformPlumbingCode:
Aplumbingappurtenanceorappliancethatisinstalledinasanitarydrainagesystemtointerceptnonpetroleumfats,oils,andgreases(FOG)fromawastewaterdischargeandisidentifiedbyvolume,thirty(30)minuteretentiontime,baffle(s),notlessthantwo(2)compartments,atotalvolumeofnotlessthanthree-hundred(300)gallons,andgravityseparation.[TheseinterceptorscomplywiththerequirementsofChapter10oraredesignedbyaregisteredprofessionalengineer.]Gravitygreaseinterceptorsaregenerallyinstalledoutside.
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HMI vs GGI
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• SincethedistinctionisrelativelyrecentandappearsonlyintheForewordofPDIG-101andnotinthebodyitseemsalittleinformalbutitiswidelyacceptednow– Goodorbadthedistinctionisuseful
• Whataboutretentiontime?
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Retention Time
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• GGIshavea30minretentiontime,pertheUPC• Sincetheyalsohaveaminimumvolume(300gal)theyhaveaminimumflowrateof10gpm– Thereisnomaximumflowrate
• HMIhavea1minretentiontimeper???– PDIG-101Section3.1,specifies2compartments,Section5.3specifiesthatcompartmentvolume(gal)=flowrate(GPM),Section7.3specifiesdischargingbothsinks,thereforePDIimpliesa2minutetest.ASME112.14.3specifies≤126s
• Nowhereisretentiontimeactuallyspecified– Thevolumeoftheunitisnotdiscussed
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• Thefactthata1minuteretentiontimeforHMIsisgenerallyacceptedbutnotwrittenintoactualtestprotocols,alongwiththeotherdefinitionwehavediscussed,createsasituationinwhichtestingGGIsisnotcurrentlypossible
• Thiswillbediscussedinthenextsection
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Why does this matter?
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ExistingTestProtocols
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Existing Test Protocols
Existing Performance Test Standards
• HMIscanbetestedto– PDI-G101– ASME112.14.3– CSAB481.1– CSAB481.2– EN1825-1
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Existing Test Protocols
Existing Performance Test Standards Cont’d
• GGIscanbetestedto:
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But seriously….
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• Thereareinfactsomeprotocolsforlargerinterceptors:– IGC273-2009wasintendedforinterceptorsover100gpm,neverused.BasicallyPDIwithmoresinks.
– NSFSE15741isforinterceptorswithcapacitiesover200%oftheminimumsdefinedinA112.14.3i.e.4lbs/gpm
• Theyhaveneverbeenusedbecausetheyareimpractical,perhapsimpossible– NSFhasrun15741andapparentlyitworkedwell,thoughthedataisnot
public
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Impractical
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• TheHMIcapacityrequirementisdefinedintermsofflowrate,2lbgrease/gpm
• Thedetentiontimeruleofthumbeffectivelymakesvolumeequaltoflowratesocapacityrequirementbecomes2lbgrease/gallonofinterceptorvolume
• Ifa“typical”GGIhasa1000gallonvolume,thatis1tonofgrease
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Lard
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• Melting2000lboflardrequires:– Someonetomanagelardmoreorlessfulltime– Energyconsumedwouldbearound40kWh,notthatmuchbutallwaste
• Thislard,whichcosts~0.70/lbtobuy,isalsowaste
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Time
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• IGC273&PDIG-101allowtestingofhigherflowinterceptors(wewillassumethismeanshighervolumetoo)usingthesametestPDIG-101test
• 100gpmPDItestcanberuninonedayandwillresultin
retentionof~200lboflard,soa1000gallonGGIwillrequire10daysoftesting– Impactofstoppingatnightandonweekends?
• NSF15741allowsaccelerationthatshouldreducetherequirednumberofrunsto~30whichmakesita3daytest
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NSF SE 15741
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• A3-5daythatwastes~$1400withoflardisnotidealbutwhynotuseit?
• Itwillnotbe3-5daysand$1400– Itwillbemuchmorepainfulthanthat
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An HMI test for GGIs
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• AnHMIturnsover~2completevolumeseachrun,underthecircumstance90%+removalisveryimpressive
• A1000gallonGGIwillturnover≤20%ofitsvolumeeachrun,itwouldhavetobedesignedtofailinordertoget<90%removal
• Assumingefficiencyequivalenceintermsofvolumestreatedactuallyputsyouatafactorof20soassuming10timestherunsisconservative
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Scaling the Test
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• PDIandNSFallowfor>100gpmflowratepertestbyaddingmoresinks
• Notethatscalingflowrequiresscalingvolumeandviceversa
• Thisiswherethe“impossible”fromslide14comesin– Flowsover100gpmprobablydon’tmakesenseandthereisnooptiontoscalejustvolume
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Impossible?
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• Theexistingprotocolscallforaddingidenticalsinksinseriesinordertoachievethedesiredflowratesfortestingabove100gpm– Thisaddsresistance(morepipe)butnomoredrivingforcesoflowswillnotincreaseasexpected.Thereisalsothechallengeofbalancingflowsinamanifold.Idonotthinkanyoneknowswhatwillactuallyhappen
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Manifolds
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According to this presentation…
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Manifolds (Cont’d)
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Calculating Flow through Manifolds looks something like this…
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Manifolds (Cont’d)
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And this…
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Manifolds (Cont’d)
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And this…
• Andevensothereareempiricalcoefficients
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FutureGGIProtocol
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Future GGI Testing
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• TherewasanIAPMOsubcommittee,Z1001.1,thatwasworkingonaGGIprotocolbutasfarasIknowthisefforthasstalled
• Thisleavesthefieldwideopenforprotocoldevelopment,withthesignificantconstraintthatthetestmustbereasonablycomparabletoPDI-G101– Theenduserneedstobeabletocompare
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Addressing the Lard Problem
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• CSAB481.2usesoilinsteadoflard– Theinjectionmethodisalsodifferentbutthatneednotbeadopted
– Matchingdensityandviscosityshouldnotbetoodifficult
• Thisismuchfasterandlesswasteful– Waterdoesnotgetfrozenintheoilmatrixsooilrecoveryispossible
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Addressing the Time Problem
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• NSFSE15741proposesaddinglardthroughthelidandalternatingsinkdumpsandpre-loads
• Thisconceptofpre-loadingcouldberefinedtorequirepumpinginlardoraddingextralargeamountsthroughsinkdumps
• Switchingtooilmakesthiseasierandeliminatessomeoftheissuesofrunningfor>1day
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Addressing the Time Problem (Cont’d)
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• PDIallowscomputationofefficiencyonceevery5incrementsorlessuntilneartheend
• PDIcurvesarenotpublishedbutIthinkweallknowtheylooksomethinglikethis
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Addressing the Time Problem (Cont’d)
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Addressing the Time Problem, Grand Finale
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• Basedontheforegoing,onecanimaginepre-loadingrelativelylargeamountsandrunningafewsinkdumpsforthefirst1000+pounds– Thiswouldsavehoursanddollars
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A fly in the grease trap
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• Acommonlymentionedproblemwithswitchingtooilismeasuringoilinwater– Theoldmethod,hexaneextraction,worksverywellbutisoutoffavour– FTIRisdifficulttoimplementsoresultsarevariable– GCMSwouldworkwellbutitexpensive
• Whynotjustskim– Themethodsaboveareaccuratetoppmbuttheexistinganalytical
techniqueisnotandthatcreatesadoublestandard.Gravimetricalltheway!
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Conclusion
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• AreasonabletestforGGIsthatwouldallowthemtobecomparedtoHMIsispossible,thoughchallengesremain– Notjusttechnical,thereareacceptanceissues
• YouwillnoteIhavenotaddressedtheissueofstoragetimeandacidification,thatisadifferentissue– Iamnotsurethescienceisallthewaythereyetandinanycaseithasnothingtodowithremoval
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Q&A
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• Iamgenuinelyinterestedinfeedbacksincethisisallattheideastage
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Thankyou