TEST TWO NOTESTEST TWO NOTES

TUE 1/15TUE 1/15

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Jz3d5x-MUT4&list=UUAiABuhVSMZJMqyv4Ur5XqA&index=3&feature=plcp

A. Describe the development of Mesopotamian society including

religious, cultural, economic, and political facets of society including

Hammurabi’s law code.

B. Describe the relationship of religion and political authority in

Ancient Egypt.

D. Identifying early trading networks and writing systems

existent in the Eastern Mediterranean including those

of the Phoenicians.

E. Explain the development and importance of writing

including cuneiform, hieroglyphics, and the Phoenician alphabet.

ESSENTIAL QUESTIONESSENTIAL QUESTION

How did the Indo-European tribes change How did the Indo-European tribes change our world today?our world today?

INDO-EUROPEANSINDO-EUROPEANS

Nomadic people from the steppesNomadic people from the steppes Dry grasslands N of Caucus Mountains Dry grasslands N of Caucus Mountains

between Black Sea and Caspian Sea.between Black Sea and Caspian Sea. Pastoral – cattle, goats, sheep, horsesPastoral – cattle, goats, sheep, horses ChariotsChariots

TribesTribesLanguages we call Indo-Languages we call Indo-

EuropeanEuropeanmodern languages of Europe, modern languages of Europe,

SW Asia, S Asia – English, SW Asia, S Asia – English, Spanish, Hindi, PersianSpanish, Hindi, Persian

Tell where each tribe settled by Tell where each tribe settled by languages spoken in those languages spoken in those

areas.areas.Some Slavic speakers moved N Some Slavic speakers moved N

& W& WCeltic, Germanic, and Italic Celtic, Germanic, and Italic

tribes moved through Europe.tribes moved through Europe.

Greek & Persian tribes moved Greek & Persian tribes moved South.South.

Aryans crossed the Hindu Kush Aryans crossed the Hindu Kush entered India.entered India.

SanskritSanskritNo one knows why these No one knows why these groups left the steppes.groups left the steppes.

Grazing lands were drying up.Grazing lands were drying up.Over-populatedOver-populatedFleeing invadersFleeing invadersFleeing diseaseFleeing diseaseTower of BabelTower of Babel

Whatever the reason migrated Whatever the reason migrated out in all directions.out in all directions.

HITTITE EMPIREHITTITE EMPIRE

2,000 BC Hittites occupied Anatolia (Asia 2,000 BC Hittites occupied Anatolia (Asia Minor – Turkey)Minor – Turkey)

Peninsula in Black Sea and Med SeaPeninsula in Black Sea and Med Sea Capital – HattusasCapital – Hattusas Spoke own language & Babylonian.Spoke own language & Babylonian. Conquered the Babylonians and liked Conquered the Babylonians and liked

parts of their culture (cultural diffusion)parts of their culture (cultural diffusion)

Adopted Babylonian arts, Adopted Babylonian arts, literature, language, and politicsliterature, language, and politics

Hittites excelled at war.Hittites excelled at war.Conquered an Egyptian army.Conquered an Egyptian army.

Chariots of ironChariots of ironEasy to maneuverEasy to maneuverPulled by 4 horsesPulled by 4 horses

ARYANSARYANS 1,500 BC Aryans crossed the NW 1,500 BC Aryans crossed the NW

mountain passes – Hindu Kushmountain passes – Hindu Kush Entered Indus Valley of IndiaEntered Indus Valley of India Most of our knowledge of this culture Most of our knowledge of this culture

comes from Vedas.comes from Vedas. Sacred literatureSacred literature Four collections of scripture, prayers, Four collections of scripture, prayers,

magical spells, and instructions for magical spells, and instructions for performing rituals. performing rituals.

Most important is the Rig VedaMost important is the Rig Veda1,028 hymns devoted to Aryan 1,028 hymns devoted to Aryan

gods.gods.No written languageNo written languagePassed along orallyPassed along orally

strict about accuracy!strict about accuracy!Mistakes received strict Mistakes received strict

consequencesconsequences

First arrived in Indus valleyFirst arrived in Indus valley3 social classes3 social classes

Priests – BrahminsPriests – BrahminsWarriorsWarriorsPeasantsPeasants

Class determined role in Class determined role in society.society.

As they conquered new lands As they conquered new lands acquired captives/slavesacquired captives/slaves

44thth social class – all non-Aryans social class – all non-Aryans (Shudrus)(Shudrus)

As this class grew class As this class grew class restrictions became more strict.restrictions became more strict.

Shudrus did the work the Shudrus did the work the Aryans did not want to do.Aryans did not want to do.

Varna (skin color) became a Varna (skin color) became a distinguishing feature of this distinguishing feature of this

systemsystem4 social classes became known 4 social classes became known

as the Varnas.as the Varnas.

Stayed in social class entire life. Stayed in social class entire life. Born into it. Could not improve Born into it. Could not improve

your social class.your social class.Later in 15Later in 15thth century explorers century explorers

from Portugal came across this from Portugal came across this area and the social classes and area and the social classes and called them the caste system.called them the caste system.

FRI FRI 8/168/16

EQ:EQ:How did the Phoenicians affect How did the Phoenicians affect

our modern world?our modern world?

World History Standard 1The student will analyze the

origins, structures and interactions of complex societies

in the ancient Eastern Mediterranean from 3500 BCE to

500 BCE.

MINOANSMINOANS

Powerful seafaring people. Powerful seafaring people. ThalassocracyThalassocracy Dominated trade in the eastern Med. Sea.Dominated trade in the eastern Med. Sea. 2,000 BC – 1,400 BC2,000 BC – 1,400 BC Lived on CreteLived on Crete Produced finest pottery of the era.Produced finest pottery of the era. Traded pottery, swords, figurines, precious Traded pottery, swords, figurines, precious

metals.metals.

Also exported art and culture Also exported art and culture (cultural diffusion)(cultural diffusion)

Big influence on the Greeks!Big influence on the Greeks!Capital- KnossesCapital- Knosses

Ruled by King MinosRuled by King Minos

Legend King Minos kept a Legend King Minos kept a ½ ½ human ½ bull monster called human ½ bull monster called

the Minotaur.the Minotaur.Locked in a labyrinth or maze.Locked in a labyrinth or maze.

Minoans loved sports. Minoans loved sports. Boxing, wrestling, bull-leapingBoxing, wrestling, bull-leaping

Women had higher rank in Women had higher rank in Minoan culture than in Minoan culture than in surrounding cultures.surrounding cultures.

PolytheisticPolytheistic

sacrificed bulls to their gods and sacrificed bulls to their gods and possibly humanspossibly humans

Minoan culture ended about 1200 Minoan culture ended about 1200 BC and we are not sure why.BC and we are not sure why.

Theories:Theories:

Natural disaster Natural disaster (earthquake/tsunami) or Volcano(earthquake/tsunami) or Volcano

Over-populatedOver-populated

invadersinvaders

PHOENICIANSPHOENICIANS

1100 BC became most powerful traders in 1100 BC became most powerful traders in the Med. Sea. Area now called Palestinethe Med. Sea. Area now called Palestine

LebanonLebanon

Never united into a country – instead Never united into a country – instead began a number of city-states around the began a number of city-states around the Med. Sea which competed with each other Med. Sea which competed with each other for trade.for trade.

Some of the major city-states Some of the major city-states were Byblos, Tyre and Sidon.were Byblos, Tyre and Sidon.

All were trading centers.All were trading centers.

Great ship-builders and Great ship-builders and seafarers.seafarers.

11stst Med. People to explore past the Med. People to explore past the Strait of Gibraltar.Strait of Gibraltar.

Explored as far out as Britain, Explored as far out as Britain, around Africa and Red Sea.around Africa and Red Sea.

Colonies along coasts of Sicily, Colonies along coasts of Sicily, Sardinia, and Spain. Greatest was Sardinia, and Spain. Greatest was

Carthage – North Africa. Carthage – North Africa.

Carthage was founded by Tyre Carthage was founded by Tyre in 725 BC. in 725 BC.

It was known for its slave trade, It was known for its slave trade, precious metals, and ivory.precious metals, and ivory.

Known for their purple dye made of Known for their purple dye made of Murex snails.Murex snails.

60,000 snails to make one pound of 60,000 snails to make one pound of dye.dye.

Also made papyrus.Also made papyrus.

Phoenicians were merchants so Phoenicians were merchants so they needed a system of writing.they needed a system of writing.

Theirs used symbols to Theirs used symbols to represent sounds.represent sounds.

Sounds were called phonetic.Sounds were called phonetic.

One sign used for one sound. One sign used for one sound.

The word alphabet comes from The word alphabet comes from two Phoenician two Phoenician

letters: aleph & beth.letters: aleph & beth.

Adopted by the Greeks.Adopted by the Greeks.

Terms chap 4 & 5 due TuesdayTerms chap 4 & 5 due Tuesday

Due Today – put in box:Due Today – put in box:Headings Chap 2 (20) Headings Chap 2 (20) Heading Chap 3 (20)Heading Chap 3 (20)

Test One is Tuesday!!!!Test One is Tuesday!!!!

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Jz3d5x-MUT4&list=UUAiABuhVSMZJMqyv4Ur5XqA&index=3&feature=plcp

1. Terms chap’s 4 & 5 due Tue.1. Terms chap’s 4 & 5 due Tue.

2. 2. Test One tomorrow!Test One tomorrow!3. CE due Thur. – make-ups3. CE due Thur. – make-ups4. Terms Quiz 4 & 5 Friday4. Terms Quiz 4 & 5 Friday

ESSENTIAL QUESTIONESSENTIAL QUESTION

8/19/138/19/13 What two ideas (or groups) led to the What two ideas (or groups) led to the

change from polytheism to monotheism?change from polytheism to monotheism?

Zoroastrianism

founded by Zarathushtra (Zoroaster in Greek)

6,000 BCE Oldest of the world religions Persia – Iran monotheism

Zoroaster - Ahura Mazda the one uncreated creator of all

(God).

An evil spirit of violence and death, Angra Mainyu, who

opposes Ahura Mazda.

The Zorastrian holy book is called the Avesta

HEBREWSHEBREWS

Greatest influence on their own time and Greatest influence on their own time and our history (Jews)our history (Jews)

Bible – Hebrew nation began with Bible – Hebrew nation began with Abraham.Abraham.

Lived in SumerLived in Sumer Led by God to travel to CanaanLed by God to travel to Canaan Crossed Syrian Desert to borders of Crossed Syrian Desert to borders of

Palestine.Palestine.

Then crossed isthmus of Suez Then crossed isthmus of Suez into Egypt.into Egypt.

Settled in Land of Goshen – Settled in Land of Goshen – east region where Nile flows east region where Nile flows

into the Med. Sea.into the Med. Sea.

Lived peacefully in Egypt for Lived peacefully in Egypt for 100’s of years.100’s of years.

As population grew Egyptians As population grew Egyptians decided to make them into decided to make them into

slaves.slaves.

Moses led them out of EgyptMoses led them out of Egypt

Crossed Sinai PeninsulaCrossed Sinai PeninsulaSome Hebrews had been Some Hebrews had been

influenced by Egyptians – idolsinfluenced by Egyptians – idolsMt Sinai – ten commandments – Mt Sinai – ten commandments –

moral lawsmoral lawsYahweh or JehovahYahweh or Jehovah

monotheisticmonotheistic

GREECEGREECE

Med. Sea – Greece, Asia Minor, Med. Sea – Greece, Asia Minor, surrounding islands.surrounding islands.

One of greatest civilizations in historyOne of greatest civilizations in history Citizens might govern themselvesCitizens might govern themselves Modern scientific thought/methodModern scientific thought/method Art, literature, philosophy, sculptureArt, literature, philosophy, sculpture Idea of perfect human shapeIdea of perfect human shape Plato & AristotlePlato & Aristotle

GREECE GAVE THE MODERN GREECE GAVE THE MODERN WORLD:WORLD:

Trial by JuryTrial by Jury Greek MythsGreek Myths DemocracyDemocracy Tragedy & ComedyTragedy & Comedy TheatreTheatre OlympicsOlympics

History is always influenced by History is always influenced by geography.geography.

Med. SeaMed. SeaWorld’s largest inland sea.World’s largest inland sea.

3 continents3 continents1. Not a river civilization1. Not a river civilization

few rivers/small amount of farm few rivers/small amount of farm landland

Could not grow enough crops to Could not grow enough crops to feed populationfeed population

Became traders to survive.Became traders to survive.Sailors, fish, colonized Sailors, fish, colonized

2.2. Greece not a nation. Group Greece not a nation. Group of city-states.of city-states.

Isolated from each other by Isolated from each other by mountains, travel by ship.mountains, travel by ship.Greek word for city-state is Greek word for city-state is

polis.polis.

All Greek city-states had these All Greek city-states had these features in common:features in common:

Small in size – Athens 1,000 square miles Small in size – Athens 1,000 square miles Sparta – 4,000 square miles Sparta – 4,000 square miles 357.6 square miles

Small population – 5,000-10,000 (men only) Small population – 5,000-10,000 (men only) Gordon County 55,186 (2010 Census)

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uxOANJ-sSu0&feature=related

Stood on a hill (acropolis)Stood on a hill (acropolis)public meeting place – city public meeting place – city

market - agoramarket - agora

Greek city-states never united. Greek city-states never united. Had a variety of governments.Had a variety of governments.

From 1,000-700 BC little is From 1,000-700 BC little is known of the Greeks.known of the Greeks.

Age of KingsAge of Kingswarfare, little tradewarfare, little trade

For a long time the Greek city-For a long time the Greek city-states were ruled by Tyrants or states were ruled by Tyrants or

powerful kings. powerful kings.

8/21/138/21/13

EQ – How did the Greeks affect EQ – How did the Greeks affect our modern world?our modern world?

Greek culture was not advanced Greek culture was not advanced and few people could read or and few people could read or

write.write.Bards – folk songs, ballads, Bards – folk songs, ballads, epics (stories of hero’s and epics (stories of hero’s and

great events).great events).

Around 700 BC much of the oral Around 700 BC much of the oral history was gathered together history was gathered together

and put into 2 great epics.and put into 2 great epics.Iliad & the OdysseyIliad & the Odyssey

written by a blind poet named written by a blind poet named Homer.Homer.

Aesop’s Fables written by Aesop’s Fables written by Aesop an ancient Greek. Aesop an ancient Greek.

Period of Greek history called Period of Greek history called Homeric Age.Homeric Age.

Epics talk about the Trojan War Epics talk about the Trojan War and Odysseus trip home after and Odysseus trip home after

the Trojan War.the Trojan War.

Greeks all spoke the same Greeks all spoke the same language.language.

PolytheisticPolytheisticgods had human desires, but gods had human desires, but

were more powerful than were more powerful than humans and immortal.humans and immortal.

Will go to Hades.Will go to Hades.

Greek gods lived on Greek gods lived on Mt Olympus.Mt Olympus.

To explain their world the To explain their world the Greeks developed myths – Greeks developed myths –

traditional stories about deeds traditional stories about deeds and misdeeds and misdeeds

of gods.of gods.

Zeus – god of the sky & King of Zeus – god of the sky & King of gods.gods.

Hera – wife/sister of Zeus Hera – wife/sister of Zeus protector of women & marriageprotector of women & marriagePoseidon – brother of Zeus god Poseidon – brother of Zeus god

of the ocean (sailors)of the ocean (sailors)Hades – brother of Zeus god of Hades – brother of Zeus god of

Hades or underworldHades or underworld

Athena – daughter of Zeus Athena – daughter of Zeus goddess of wisdom and goddess of wisdom and womanly virtue Special womanly virtue Special

protector of city-state Athensprotector of city-state AthensApollo – god of light and music Apollo – god of light and music

and poetry symbol of manly and poetry symbol of manly beautybeauty

The Greeks held athletic The Greeks held athletic contests to honor their gods. contests to honor their gods. The most famous were the The most famous were the

games held at Olympia in honor games held at Olympia in honor of Zeus. of Zeus.

Greek MenGreek Men

Ran the governmentRan the government Most of time away from homeMost of time away from home BusinessBusiness Leisure activitiesLeisure activities

Horse-back ridingHorse-back riding Hunting/fishingHunting/fishing SailingSailing OlympicsOlympics

Greek WomenGreek Women

Ran the home!Ran the home! In most city-states had limited freedom In most city-states had limited freedom

outside the homeoutside the home Had slaves to do most of the laborHad slaves to do most of the labor Not allowed to go to Olympic gamesNot allowed to go to Olympic games

Greek childrenGreek children

You were considered a youth until the age You were considered a youth until the age of 30!!of 30!!

Baby girl – decorated doorway with wreath Baby girl – decorated doorway with wreath of woolof wool

Baby boy – decorated doorway with Baby boy – decorated doorway with wreath of olive branches. wreath of olive branches.

Most Greek girls did NOT go to Most Greek girls did NOT go to school.school.

Stayed at home and learned Stayed at home and learned from mother how to run a from mother how to run a

household.household.

1. CE due tomorrow (Asia)1. CE due tomorrow (Asia)2. Terms Quiz Friday 4 & 52. Terms Quiz Friday 4 & 53. Timeline chapters 4 & 5 3. Timeline chapters 4 & 5

(25 events) due today!(25 events) due today!

Greek boys spent days hunting Greek boys spent days hunting and fishing until theand fishing until the

age of 6 or 7. age of 6 or 7. Then they began school.Then they began school.

PetsPets

BirdsBirds DogsDogs GoatsGoats TortoisesTortoises MiceMice Never cats!Never cats!

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uLyW5UYPYYs

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SjozP5DrtDU&feature=related

8/22/138/22/13ESSENTIAL QUESTIONESSENTIAL QUESTION

In what ways was Sparta different from In what ways was Sparta different from other Greek city-states?other Greek city-states?

Greek SlavesGreek Slaves

Very important part of Greek culture.Very important part of Greek culture. Could become a slave by being capturedCould become a slave by being captured Sold into slaverySold into slavery Abandoned as a childAbandoned as a child Did ALL of the workDid ALL of the work Could not go to schoolCould not go to school

If already educated could be a tutorIf already educated could be a tutor

SPARTASPARTA

One of the most important Greek city-One of the most important Greek city-statesstates

3 social classes3 social classes Citizens of Sparta – descendent of original Citizens of Sparta – descendent of original

founder – land divided equallyfounder – land divided equally Neighbors – immigrants – free, owned Neighbors – immigrants – free, owned

business, never citizensbusiness, never citizens

33rdrd group – serfs or peasants. group – serfs or peasants. Called Helots – basically slaves. Called Helots – basically slaves. Were not allowed to move freely. Were not allowed to move freely.

Bound to the land.Bound to the land.

Outnumbered citizens and Outnumbered citizens and Neighbors 5-1!!Neighbors 5-1!!

Treated harshly Treated harshly

Government – Government – Sparta’s law were set up by Sparta’s law were set up by

Lycurgus.Lycurgus.

Had an Assembly – all citizens Had an Assembly – all citizens over 30. Elected the officials over 30. Elected the officials

and voted on policies.and voted on policies.

Council of Elders – 2 kings & 28 Council of Elders – 2 kings & 28 elders. All elders had to be over elders. All elders had to be over

60. They proposed laws on 60. They proposed laws on which the Assembly voted. which the Assembly voted.

2 Kings also High Priests, 2 Kings also High Priests, judges and commanders of the judges and commanders of the

army.army.

5 Ephors – sort of like our 5 Ephors – sort of like our Supreme Court. Elected by Supreme Court. Elected by

Assembly. Guardians of the law Assembly. Guardians of the law and served for one year.and served for one year.

Lives of all Spartan citizens Lives of all Spartan citizens were regulated at birth.were regulated at birth.

The purpose of Education was The purpose of Education was to produce a well-drilled, well-to produce a well-drilled, well-

disciplined army.disciplined army.

Spartans believed in simplicity. Spartans believed in simplicity. Loyal to the state. Loyal to the state.

All citizens:All citizens:

Got an equal share of land.Got an equal share of land. Did not need money. Needs were Did not need money. Needs were

provided.provided. Loyal to the city-stateLoyal to the city-state Fought in the army.Fought in the army. Believed babies had to be in perfect Believed babies had to be in perfect

shape.shape.

Spartan boysSpartan boys

Sent to school at age 6 or 7.Sent to school at age 6 or 7. Lived, trained in barracks.Lived, trained in barracks. Survival skillsSurvival skills How to fightHow to fight Endure pain, hungerEndure pain, hunger Not fed well, beaten, marched without Not fed well, beaten, marched without

shoes, shoes, Brutal training period.Brutal training period.

18-20 Spartan males had to 18-20 Spartan males had to pass a difficult fitness test, pass a difficult fitness test,

military ability, and leadership military ability, and leadership skills.skills.

Failed – Perioikos (middle Failed – Perioikos (middle class) just above a slave. Own class) just above a slave. Own Property, business, no rights.Property, business, no rights.

Passed fitness tests – full Passed fitness tests – full citizen and soldier. citizen and soldier.

Still lived in barracks. Still lived in barracks.

Soldier until 60.Soldier until 60.

Spartan girlsSpartan girls

School at age 6-7School at age 6-7 Lived and trained in barracksLived and trained in barracks Not quite as rugged, but intense.Not quite as rugged, but intense. Gymnastics, wrestling, combat skillsGymnastics, wrestling, combat skills Produce strong babiesProduce strong babies 18 fitness test18 fitness test PerioikosPerioikos

Passed fitness test – free to Passed fitness test – free to move around city. move around city.

Assigned a husband.Assigned a husband.

Sparta did not have:Sparta did not have:

Works of artWorks of art LiteratureLiterature ArchitectureArchitecture But they did have a terrifying armyBut they did have a terrifying army

Sparta teacher conferenceSparta teacher conference

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jEItBM1dc9o

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Cx8BrJIWqMo&feature=related

8/23/138/23/13

EQ – What made Athens a EQ – What made Athens a leader among the Greek city-leader among the Greek city-

states?states?

ATHENSATHENS

Birthplace of democracyBirthplace of democracy Early history ruled by tyrantsEarly history ruled by tyrants OstracismOstracism Solon wrote laws of AthensSolon wrote laws of Athens Place of great culturePlace of great culture Philosophers – Socrates, Plato, AristotlePhilosophers – Socrates, Plato, Aristotle

3 social classes3 social classes

CitizensCitizens Aliens – MeticsAliens – Metics SlavesSlaves 4 rulers4 rulers

DracoDraco SolonSolon PisistratusPisistratus CleisthenesCleisthenes

DRACODRACO

Ruled in 612 BCRuled in 612 BC Code of laws that were harshCode of laws that were harsh were written downwere written down Life hard on poorLife hard on poor Poor began to demand rightsPoor began to demand rights

SOLONSOLON

Ruled in 594 BCRuled in 594 BC Mediated between debtors and creditorsMediated between debtors and creditors Cancelled debts Cancelled debts Law no longer sold into slavery to pay off Law no longer sold into slavery to pay off

debtsdebts

PISISTRATUSPISISTRATUS

Ruled in 560 BC – 527 BCRuled in 560 BC – 527 BC Relative of SolonRelative of Solon Became a tyrantBecame a tyrant Exiled nobles who disagreed with him.Exiled nobles who disagreed with him. Lands were seized and divided among the Lands were seized and divided among the

peasantspeasants

CLEISTHENESCLEISTHENES

Came to power in 510 BCCame to power in 510 BC Gained power after civil warGained power after civil war Began democratic system of governmentBegan democratic system of government

Solon’s IdeaSolon’s Idea Opposed class divisionOpposed class division Divided Athens into 10 tribes – geographyDivided Athens into 10 tribes – geography Lowered voting age 20Lowered voting age 20

Home of the Greek fleetHome of the Greek fleetestablished colonies along the established colonies along the

Med. Sea.Med. Sea.Aegean Sea, Black Sea, Aegean Sea, Black Sea,

Adriatic SeaAdriatic Seabrought attention to their brought attention to their

civilizationcivilization

In 546 BC the Greeks living on In 546 BC the Greeks living on the western shore of Asia Minor the western shore of Asia Minor

were conquered by the were conquered by the Persians.Persians.

In 499 BC these Greeks In 499 BC these Greeks revolted against Persian rule. revolted against Persian rule.

Athens helped them revolt.Athens helped them revolt.

The revolt lasted until 479 BC.The revolt lasted until 479 BC. In the end Persia won. In the end Persia won.

Began the Persian Wars. Began the Persian Wars.

Persians were led by Darius I.Persians were led by Darius I.

Since Athens had aided the Since Athens had aided the Greeks in Asia Minor Darius I Greeks in Asia Minor Darius I

decided to attack Greece.decided to attack Greece.

His first attempt was in 492 BC, His first attempt was in 492 BC, but it failed. Hurricane – but it failed. Hurricane –

300 ships ; 20,000300 ships ; 20,000

22ndnd attempt was in 490 BC. attempt was in 490 BC. Plains of Marathon. Plains of Marathon.

Earth & water - submission Earth & water - submission Herodotus said Greeks Herodotus said Greeks

outnumbered 10-1 outnumbered 10-1 600 ships600 ships

Same language Same language defending homesdefending homes

phalanx – 8/4 deepphalanx – 8/4 deep

Greeks win again. Greeks win again.

PheidippidesPheidippides

26 miles – 385 yards 26 miles – 385 yards

Darius I makes plans for full Darius I makes plans for full scale attack.scale attack.

In 480 BC Darius I has died (484 In 480 BC Darius I has died (484 BC) and his son Xerxes is King. BC) and his son Xerxes is King.

Leads that vast fleet to attack Leads that vast fleet to attack Greece. 500,000 menGreece. 500,000 men

Herodotus – drink riverHerodotus – drink river

Northern Greece - Narrow Northern Greece - Narrow mountain pass - Thermopylaemountain pass - Thermopylae

1. Terms 6 & 7 due Tuesday1. Terms 6 & 7 due Tuesday

2. Think tac toe due Thur2. Think tac toe due Thur

3. CE Thur (Asia)3. CE Thur (Asia)

4. 4.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4Prc1UfuokY

Mon 8/26/13Mon 8/26/13

ESSENTIAL QUESTIONESSENTIAL QUESTION

What was the significance of the Battle of What was the significance of the Battle of Thermopylae?Thermopylae?

Spartan King Leonidas worked Spartan King Leonidas worked out a deal with the admiral of out a deal with the admiral of

the Athenian navy the Athenian navy Thermistocles.Thermistocles.

Xerxes’ had spies.Xerxes’ had spies.

Arrived during Greek religious Arrived during Greek religious holiday – Carneiaholiday – Carneia

Sparta’s Ephors refused to Sparta’s Ephors refused to allow the Spartan army to travel allow the Spartan army to travel

during the religious holidayduring the religious holiday

300 bodyguards300 bodyguards

Suicide mission – hold off attackSuicide mission – hold off attack

Began moving north. Picked up Began moving north. Picked up allies (7,000 soldiers)allies (7,000 soldiers)

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gI6sARmxEuc

rebuilt a wall across valley rebuilt a wall across valley Phoenicians had used earlier for Phoenicians had used earlier for

defensedefense

Persians amusedPersians amused

Size of Xerxes army took 5 days for Size of Xerxes army took 5 days for the back of the army to reach the the back of the army to reach the

front.front.

Spies saw Spartans doing Spies saw Spartans doing gymnastics, combing their hair, and gymnastics, combing their hair, and

oiling their bodies.oiling their bodies.

Persians told Greeks to Persians told Greeks to surrender.surrender.

Herodotus – arrows, sunHerodotus – arrows, sun

Mid August 480 BC 1Mid August 480 BC 1stst battle – battle – Xerxes sent Medes – Xerxes sent Medes –

mercenaries mercenaries

Spartans defeated first wave Spartans defeated first wave with their swords, then acted with their swords, then acted like they were fleeing. When like they were fleeing. When

Medes charged they were Medes charged they were bunched and Spartans pushed bunched and Spartans pushed

them off the cliff!them off the cliff!

Xerxes sent a 2Xerxes sent a 2ndnd group of group of mercenaries Cissians next. mercenaries Cissians next. They were defeated just as They were defeated just as

easily. 3 times that day Xerxes easily. 3 times that day Xerxes jumped up in fear that the jumped up in fear that the

Spartans would destroy his Spartans would destroy his army.army.

Next day Xerxes sent word Next day Xerxes sent word Spartans could go free.Spartans could go free.

“Molon labe” – “Molon labe” – come and take uscome and take us

Immortals – 10,000Immortals – 10,000

Brother - HydarnesBrother - Hydarnes

Strong, disciplined soldiers, Strong, disciplined soldiers, Spartans weapons were better.Spartans weapons were better.

Spartans defeat Immortals and Spartans defeat Immortals and kill Hydarnes.kill Hydarnes.

Persians demoralizedPersians demoralized

A traitor, Ephialtes, told Xerxes about a goat path around the

valley.

He sent 10,000 more troops to get behind the Spartans.

Greeks heard them coming and Leonidas sends other Greeks

home to fight another day.

Many of the 300 dead/wounded Many of the 300 dead/wounded by now, but rest refuse to leave.by now, but rest refuse to leave.

Older – warrior, not messengerOlder – warrior, not messenger

lost eyes – lead to fightlost eyes – lead to fight

On the 3On the 3rdrd day the Spartans day the Spartans attacked the Persians with the attacked the Persians with the

intent to do as much damage as intent to do as much damage as possible.possible.

Leonidis killed – retrieve bodyLeonidis killed – retrieve body

Xerxes lines valley walls with Xerxes lines valley walls with archers and kills all remaining archers and kills all remaining

Spartans.Spartans.

Leonidas’ body beheadedLeonidas’ body beheaded

20,000 Persians killed20,000 Persians killed

1. Think-Tac-Toe due Thur1. Think-Tac-Toe due Thur2. Terms chap 6 & 7 due Tue2. Terms chap 6 & 7 due Tue3. Headings Chap 6 (15) due 3. Headings Chap 6 (15) due

todaytoday

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mzqPxkDPfrw

8/27/138/27/13

What was the significance of the What was the significance of the Battle of Thermopylae?Battle of Thermopylae?

Persians marched to Athens. Persians marched to Athens. Themistocles evacuates city.Themistocles evacuates city.

Days later Greek navy tricks Days later Greek navy tricks Xerxes and defeats Persian Xerxes and defeats Persian

navynavy

Persians go home.Persians go home.

Athens took credit for defeating Athens took credit for defeating Persians.Persians.

Sparta considered attacking Sparta considered attacking Persia but afraid of slave revoltPersia but afraid of slave revolt

Delian League – 140 city-statesDelian League – 140 city-states

Athenian leader Pericles Athenian leader Pericles

Used power to make Athens strong Used power to make Athens strong and weaken Corinth.and weaken Corinth.

Peloponnesus – Peloponnesian Peloponnesus – Peloponnesian War 431 – 404.War 431 – 404.

Sparta will eventually win, but Sparta will eventually win, but Greece will be weakened.Greece will be weakened.

Macedonia nation to northMacedonia nation to north

Ruler Phillip – captive in youth held Ruler Phillip – captive in youth held in Greece admired culturein Greece admired culture

Took advantage of Took advantage of Peloponnesian War and Peloponnesian War and

invaded Greece. invaded Greece.

Greeks did not like being ruled.Greeks did not like being ruled.

Phillip planned to attack PersiaPhillip planned to attack Persia

Before he could he was Before he could he was assassinated.assassinated.

Succeeded in 336 BC by Succeeded in 336 BC by 20 year old son20 year old son

AlexanderAlexander

TEST TWOTEST TWO

Wed 9/4Wed 9/4