Test facilities: Present and Future

Test facilities: Present and Future – J. Mekki – EN/STI BI Review on Radiation Development and Testing

CERN R2E project Beam Instrumentation Review on Radiation Development and Testing

Test facilities: Present and Future

J. Mekki on behalf of the R2E project

Test facilities: Present and Future – J. Mekki – EN/STI BI Review on Radiation Development and Testing2

OutlineIntroduction

What to test for and where ?

How do we do radiation tests ?

Overview of the different facilities

Pros and cons

A New “in-house” facility – CHARM

Operation and representativeness

Conclusion


Single Event EffectsStochastic effect(chip level, system impact etc …)Facilities: Mixed field, Proton, Neutron and Heavy Ion

Effects in the Device

What to test for and where ?See Giovanni’s presentation

http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=TGlwATA16jTnaM&tbnid=YdOohjxBXumq_M:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://www.techspot.com/news/51750-smarter-design-cuts-existing-sram-power-consumption-by-27-85.html&ei=G0KOUrq8EoWP0AWIqICICw&bvm=bv.56988011,d.d2k&psig=AFQjCNFYz5PCZmgGO8_aW-zx2XqVOA48gg&ust=1385141118774330


TIDCumulative effectLifetime → non shielded areaFacilities: Mixed field, Proton, Co-60 gamma source





Displacement DamageCumulative effectTunnel locations Mainly optical devices, and very accurate components (e.g. Voltage reference)Facilities: Mixed field, Proton, Neutron, Nuclear Reactor





Displacement DamageCumulative effectSome important locations as …Mainly optical devices, and very accurate components (e.g. Voltage reference)Facilities: Mixed field, Proton, Neutron, Nuclear Reactor

TIDCumulative effectLifetime → non shielded areaFacilities: Mixed field, Proton, Co-60 gamma source

→ Accelerated radiation test → ELDRS not tested

Single Event EffectsStochastic effect(chip level, system impact etc …)Facilities: Mixed field, Proton, Neutron and Heavy Ion

→ High-Energy tail of Spectrum (e.g. important for SEL)





Test Facilitieso CERN

o CNRAD (stopped after LS1)

o H4IRRAD (could be used but limited)

o Towards CHARM → July 2014

o PSI

o CEA reactor

o Fraunhofer

o Heavy Ions facilities (Done through external companies → e.g. TRAD)

o Thermal neutron facilities (Prague, Oslo, Rome)

3


Size Matters?

OR EVEN TEST THIS:

HERE

(W)HOW ???

TEST COMPONENTS/CARDS:

5 cm beam diameter


CNRAD Radiation test area

Measured quantities:• Dose (SiO2)• Hadron>20MeV fluence• 1MeV neutron eq. fluence

Mixed radiation field similar to the one expected in LHC

Extensive Monitoring:• RadMons• Compared to BLMs• Gold Foils, TLDs,…

Detailed FLUKA Simulations for:• TID (air), Hadron>20MeV fluence • 1MeV neutron-equivalent fluence• Particle-Energy Spectra, Thermals,…

Hottest test location (Target area)HEH fluence ≈ 3×1012 cm-2/weekDose ≈ 500 Gy/week

Low Flux locations (TSG46)HEH fluence ≈ 2×1010 cm-2/weekDose ≈ 3 Gy/week

Test of entire equipment


H4IRRAD Radiation test area

Measured quantities:• Dose (SiO2)• Hadron>20MeV fluence• 1MeV neutron eq. fluence

Mixed radiation field similar to the one expected in LHCInternal/External zone:

• RadMons• Compared to BLMs• Gold Foils, TLDs,…

Detailed FLUKA Simulations for:• TID (air), Hadron>20MeV fluence • 1MeV neutron-equivalent fluence• Particle-Energy Spectra, Thermals,…

• For small to bulky equipment

Hottest test location (downstream target – 2012)HEH fluence : 6×1010 cm-2/weekDose: 40 Gy/week

External Zone – 2012HEH fluence : 8×109 cm-2/weekDose: 3 Gy/week

Test of entire equipment


K. Roeed (2011)

o Good reproducibility of shielded area and tunnel

environment

Mixed field facilities


PSI – PIF facility

Measured quantities:• Dose (SiO2)• Proton fluence• Displacement Damage

Monoenergetic proton beam from 30 – 230 MeV

Beam time available via special

agreement (since 2011)

Beam spot < 9 cm

→ (5 cm uniformity ≈ 90 %)

Maximum Flux at 230 MeV

→ 1.5×108 p/cm2/s

TID and Displacement Damage (DD)

tested at the same time

Accelerated radiation test

(ELDRS not tested)

Limited availability in 2014/2015


Others

Neutron facilities: NRI (Czech Republic), PTB (Germany), IFE (Norway), ILL (France)

Neutron/gamma facility: CEA Valduc (France)

Gamma – Co-60 facilities: ESTEC (Netherlands), Fraunhofer institute (Germany), IRA

(Switzerland)


CNRAD H4IRRAD

Good reproductibility of the LHC spectra

Parasitic facility to CNGS

Good reproductibility of the LHC spectra Not definitive

solution.

TID, DD, SEE CNGS is stopped TID, DD, SEEDemanding tests on mixed signal components are critical

Components and full equipment

1 km cable from the control room ELDRS test possible

Low Flux

Use of many components to gain statistics for SEE

Difficult to bring full heavy equipment(e.g Power converters)

Representative to reproduce destructive events

Low Dose rate

Difficult to test TID limits of a component

Components and entire equipment

Pros and cons of “in-house” facilities


PSI Fraunhofer

Beam time available via special agreement

Accelerated rad (ELDRS not tested) Outsourced activity through

blanket contract

Large systems don’t get homogeneous dose

→ Require large distances from source, thus low dose rate)

TID, DD, tested at the same time

Components test facility(5 cm uniform beam)

Agreed contract volume covering expected CERN requests

→ Ensure Fraunhofer availability

Limited to TID(and some DD)

Easy evaluation of device cross section Max energy: 230 MeV Large range of available

dose rates and target dose.

Full test of complex system

→ Involvement of CERN equipment groups (remote procedure setups)

Test during the weekend

Time limitations and workload

Electronics testing up to material test

Company in Germany

→ Iterations not always easy

Experience in Electronics

→ PCBs can be outsourced

Pros and cons of “external” facilities


CEA Neutrons facilitiesBeam time available via special agreement

Verify components cross section of old technology (B10 presence) and also new technology

DD effects Calibrate monitor devices

Passive irradiationIndicated for large area components (optical devices) and for high precision part (voltage references)

ELDRS test possible

For both:Availaibility: Very uncertain and more and more complicatedShipping and recovering the samples: very difficult

Pros and cons of “external” facilities


To summarize … CERN experimental test areas:

CNRAD and H4IRRAD:

During the last years, increasing up to 56 groups/projects

Outside CERN:

PSI:

Since 2010: 37 test campaigns. Framework contract

Other (CEA, ESTEC, Fraunhofer, PTB …) :

Since 4 years: ≈ 15 test campaigns

Total → more than 100 test campaigns

Huge amount o

f

radiat

ion tests


To summarize … CERN experimental test areas:

CNRAD and H4IRRAD:

During the last years, increasing up to 56 groups/projects

Outside CERN:

PSI:

Since 2010: 37 test campaigns. Framework contract

Other (CEA, ESTEC, Fraunhofer, PTB …) :

Since 4 years: ≈ 15 test campaigns

Total → more than 100 test campaigns

Beyond LS1, according to the huge amount of test in the coming years:Power converter, QPS, NanoFIP, BLM, RF, BPM, Cryogenics, Collimation, SPS/PS Interlock, PS Ventilation

access, LIU/SPS, CLIC, ISOLDE, LHC Upgrade, Cables, fibers, magnets, collimators, IT equipments, RadMON

sensors/new version, etc…

The stop of the CNRAD activity

The limitation of H4IRRAD

PSI availability (stop “mid 2014 → 2015”)

Needs to have a new in-house facility

Huge amount o

f

radiat

ion tests


CHARMCern High Energy AcceleRator Mixed Field/Facility

We’d also Other Good Options, … But

CHER (French = expensive)(Cern High Energy Radiation Facility)

New Facility Required


List of groups/projects for the future Beam Instrumentation

SPS trajectory and orbit system (front-end electronics)PSB orbit system (front-end)SEM loss monitor (front-end amplifier)Wire scannerCameras

TE/EPC (e.g Power converters) -> Development up to 2018 EN/EL (e.g UPS) -> Development up to 2016 QPS LHC experiments Cryogenics Beam Position Monitor EN/STI (e.g. component tests, RadMON V6) Beam Loss Monitors EN/ICE From Outside (Universities, laboratories, industrials: e. g. radiation tests with

particle spectra representative of atmospheric/ground environments) And others ….


The High-E Accelerator EnvironmentRadiation fields originated by very high energy particles interacting with different elements (collimators, gas, targets, etc.)Wide range of intensities!

Ground level

Avionic ISS Orbit

Alcoves PS

SPS(Tunnel walls)

LHC machine

LHC Detectors

1-2.105 ≈ 2.107 ≈ 1.109 109 - 1011 109 – 1013 106 - 1011 > 1011

1 - 100 1 - 1×104 2×10-3 - 200 > 200HEH/cm2/yr

Dose (Gy/y)


East Area Facilities24 GeV/c proton beam


IRRAD proton facility

PH/DT

24 GeV/c proton beam

LHC experiments



CHARMR2E Project



Tech

nical lo

cal

Connec

tion to

the ra

diation area



Control roomDry run test



Main Elements

24 GeV/c proton beam


Patch Panel – Cable list


24 GeV/cprotons

Approach: Test Positions

4x40 cm movable shielding


Varying Radiation Field

Lateral Positions

Longitudin.

D+H

Full racks, crates, set of cards, componentsHEH: 1.7×1010cm-2 – 1.7×1013cm-2, TID: 1.7Gy – 1.7kGy

HEH: 1.7×1011cm-2 – 1.7×1014cm-2

TID: 17Gy – 17kGy(gradients to be considered)

Beam Positiontarget in:HEH: >1.7×1014cm-2

TID: >17 kGytarget out:HEH: >1.7×1015cm-2

TID: >1 MGy

Radiation levels during one week test campaign


Varying Radiation Field

Longitudin.

D+H

HEH: 1.7×1011cm-2 – 1.7×1014cm-2

TID: 17Gy – 17kGy(gradients to be considered)

Beam Positiontarget in:HEH: >1.7×1014cm-2

TID: >17 kGytarget out:HEH: >1.7×1015cm-2

TID: >1 MGy

Alcoves PS

SPS(Tunnel walls)

HEH/cm2/y 109 - 1011 109 – 1013

Dose (Gy/y)

1 - 102 1 - 104

Lateral Positions

Full racks, crates, set of cards, componentsHEH: 1.7×1010cm-2 – 1.7×1013cm-2, TID: 1.7Gy – 1.7kGy

1 year of injectors operation→ Max. 1 week at CHARM


Comparison with previous test areas

CNRAD H4IRRAD CHARMMax

HEH (cm-2) ≈ 6×1012 ≈ 3×1012 Target Out:>5.3×1016 (Spot size = 35 mm * 50 mm)

Target IN:>5.3×1014

Dose (Gy) ≈ 880 ≈ 315 Target Out:>53×106 (Spot size = 35 mm * 50 mm)

Target IN:>530×103

Intensity reachable for 1 year (220 days) of beam operation in comparison to previous experimental test areas

Before LS1: CNRAD and H4IRRAD Beyond LS1: CHARM

2013/2014: Design commissioning > Mid-2014: Large amount of test requirements, needs of

an efficient coordination/operation


Different thermal behavior

Different high energy (HE) contributions

Impact on intermediateenergies

Test positions: -> Spectra


Shielding Configuration: -> Spectra

Iron/Iron/Concrete/ConcreteConcrete/Concrete/Iron/Iron

Scoring in Rack 4


Representative Test LocationsAccelerator Tunnels

90% of the particles


Representative Test LocationsAccelerator Shielded Areas 1



Representative Test LocationsAccelerator Shielded Areas 2



Contrary to other facilities:Setup needs to be radtolLarge distance: ≈ 30 m of cables. Designer needs to integrate in their design the possibility to measure short signal (e.g. short transient “few ns”) and also to work at high speed.

But …Numerous representative radiation fields

Mixed-Particle-EnergyDirect beam exposure

Large range of fluxes and dose ranges(covering accelerator, but also other applications)

Facility Design Targets


Possibility for large volumes/high number of components or full systemsEasy usage

Dedicated preparation areaCables pre-installed + patch panelConveyer systems

Detailed, on-line and high-accuracy monitoring (CERN RadMon system)

Facility Design Targets


ConclusionsContract with Fraunhofer (TID/DD) optimized

PSI contract (to be adjusted after 2015)

Critical collaborations with other institutes (help and support)

External companies

→ To be taken with care (standards components → OK

complex systems → To be checked)

Costs are mainly covered by R2E project (whenever operation

impact)

Campaigns are coordinated (optimized) through RadWG

Strong collaboration with all the users/groups


ConclusionsTesting complex systems or many components can be important/useful

BI request → First planning ?

Because: Huge amount of tests in the coming years CNRAD activity stopped H4IRRAD activity limited PSI not available mid-2014/2015 (at least for 4 months)

A new test facility will soon be available at CERN (mid-2014)

In view of the amount of test requirements at CHARM→Need of an efficient coordination/operation

Test facilities: Present and Future

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