TEST #1 LESSON NOTES US History. Strategies for colonization -Spain-Government Financed-Central and...
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Transcript of TEST #1 LESSON NOTES US History. Strategies for colonization -Spain-Government Financed-Central and...
TEST #1 LESSON NOTES
US History
Strategies for colonization
-Spain-Government Financed-Central and South America-England – Joint-stock companies – Atlantic coast of North America-France – more cooperative with Natives - Canada
Effects of Europeans on Indians
Diseases which led to deathLoss of land to European WhitesResistance – King Philip’s War
African slaves
-Introduced in Caribbean by Spain based on an agricultural economy-Plantations—large land holdings-1619 – Jamestown—tobacco -“Middle Passage”—slave passage to New World from Africa-Forced importation of Africans to the New World-Some slaves lived as indentured servants who eventually gained their freedom
Triangular Trade
Colonial Region Settlement
New EnglandMiddle
Southern
Map of Colonial Regions
New England
Religious Freedom Puritans – intolerant of othersMayflower Compact – “covenant community”
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CbjWqsC0LpkTown Meetings – “Athenian” direct democracyRhode Island – Puritan dissenters
those who challenged the Puritans’ belief and the connection between religion and government
Fishing, Shipbuilding, small scale subsistence farming, and Lumber
“Puritan Work Ethic”
Mayflower Compact
Middle Colonies
English, Dutch, and GermanReligious Freedom and Economic Opportunity –
tolerant of other religionsMore flexible social structureIncorporated a number of democratic principles that
reflected the basic rights of EnglishmenQuakers – Pennsylvania (William Penn)Huguenots and Jews –New YorkShipbuilding, small scale farming, commerce and trade
Middle Class of skilled artisans, entrepreneurs (business owners), and small farmers
Seaports – New York City, and Philadelphia
William Penn
Virginia and Southern Colonies
Economic Opportunity – “Free Enterprise” Jamestown – London Company (1607)
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GEDXUi7Hqsc House of Burgesses (General Assembly)—farmers had a role in representative
legislatures Indentured Servants—agreed to work on plantations to pay for passage to the
New World Plantations
Plantations were located on the Eastern Coastal Lowlands (Tidewater) Cash crops—tobacco, rice, and indigo grown for export African slaves provided labor/slave based economy
Poor Shenandoah Valley and Appalachian foothills Scots Subsistence farming
“Cavaliers” nobility who received large land grants Dominated colonial government and society
Maryland – Catholics Southern colonies had close ties to the Church of England (Anglican Church) Family Status – Politics Slavery based economy eventually leads to American Civil War
Jamestown
“Great Awakening”
A religious movement that swept both Europe and the colonies in the mid-1700s
Led to rapid growth of evangelical religions Baptists and Methodists
Challenged established Government and religious order
Helped lay social foundations for American Revolution
French and Indian War
War between England and France over land in New World
England wins and the French are driven from Canada and areas west of Appalachian Mountains
After winning, England takes several steps that angered the colonists Proclamation of 1763—prohibited colonial settlement
west of the Appalachian Mts. New Taxes—Stamp Act Quartering Act
Events leading to Separation
Boston Massacre British troops fired on Anti-British demonstrators
Committees of Correspondence Help unify the colonies Colonies corresponded to each by letter
Boston Tea Party Caused Great Britain to pass the Intolerable Acts,
closing Boston harbor until tea was paid for1st Continental Congress—All representatives
except Georgia—near complete unity
Ideals – John Locke - Enlightenment
Natural Rights of Man All men are free and equal People have the rights to life, liberty, and property
Social Contract Theory Power with people Established a system of ordered liberty Limited power of the government People have the right to rebel if government breaks contract
Taxation without RepresentationHis ideas were radical for the time—challenging old
world order of government (emperors, kings, etc.)
Common Sense—Thomas Paine
Thomas Paine—first to assert the right to form a new nation
His Common Sense contributed to growing sentiment for independence
Thomas Paine
Declaration of Independence—Thomas Jefferson (from Virginia)
Reflects the views of Locke and Paine People created equal Natural rights of all men Power by consent of governed (people) Right to rebel Detail of grievences as described in Common Sense
Thomas Jefferson
Effect of the Declaration of Independence
Increased political, social, and economic participation Political participation (equality)
Extending the franchise (right to vote) Upholding due process Free public education
Social participation (liberty) Abolish slavery Rights for women and minorities
Economic participation Free enterprise system Economic opportunity Protecting property rights
Difference among the colonists before revolution
Patriots Complete independence from Great Britain Locke, Patrick Henry, George Washington (leader)
Loyalists (Tories) Loyal to Great Britain Believed taxation of colonies by GB was justified
Neutralists Tried to stay uninvolved
Factors leading to colonial victory
Diplomatic Ben Franklin negotiated a Treaty of Alliance with
France War did not prove popular in Great Britain
Military George Washington—leader of American Army
He avoided any situation that threatened the destruction of his army
His leadership kept the army together America had help from France (army and navy) a the
Battle of Yorktown
George Washington
Major Battles
Lexington and Concord – Minutemen First shots of the war Meant no chance of a peaceful resolution
Saratoga—turning point of the war Convinces France to join the war on the side of the
colonists Proved the colonists may have a chance at winning the war
Yorktown (1781)—where Great Britain surrendered to the colonists
Treaty of Paris ending the war established the western boundary of the United States as the Mississippi River
Minutemen
Battles of Lexington and Concord
British surrender @ Yorktown