Terry Wyatt. Professor. Hoare Lea Consulting Engineers. UK

Opportunities from ‘Dynamic Demand Control’

EU 2007EU 200727 Nation States

Around:660Million tonnesGHG Emissions in 200610% total Global emissions

Energy PolicyAdopted March2007:-

Almost:500Million CitizensRussiaRussia

EU Policy EU Policy Adopted March 2007- by its 27 Member StatesAdopted March 2007- by its 27 Member States

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20% Cut20% Cut by En Eff. 120 Mt by En Eff. 120 Mt

Business as usual

Business as usual

20% Cut by Ren En. 120Mt20% Cut by Ren En. 120Mt

12 CCS Projects say 10Mt12 CCS Projects say 10Mt

80% Cut80% Cut by 2050 500 Mt 500 Mt

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UK Electricity Typical (2005) 24 Hour Demand Pattern

Winter weekday

Summer weekday

Instantaneous response is necessary and is Instantaneous response is necessary and is obtained by ‘Frequency Sensitive Switching’obtained by ‘Frequency Sensitive Switching’• Of 2GW of Large Industries e.g. SteelworksOf 2GW of Large Industries e.g. Steelworks• Some large storage devicesSome large storage devices• Some 2GW of ‘Spinning reserve’ generatorsSome 2GW of ‘Spinning reserve’ generators

‘PEAK DEMANDS’ ARE A MAJOR PROBLEM FOR ELECTRICITY SUPPLYSo that UK has to keep over 50% Capacity

& Distribution facilities waiting on a hierarchy of ‘standby’ to meet it. Giving rise to Some 7Million tonnes of extra emissions of CO2 a year.

‘Peak demand’ could easily be brought under control by Dynamic Demand ControlDynamic Demand Control But, as yet, there are no incentives to reducing this waste. We do not face the real price of ‘real time’ production. We do not face the real price of ‘real time’ production.

If we were to then we would certainly adjust our demand accordingly If we were to then we would certainly adjust our demand accordingly

Dynamic Demand ControlDynamic Demand Control would serve 2 Functions: would serve 2 Functions:

• To provide a To provide a dynamic responsedynamic response to help eliminate the instantaneous changes to help eliminate the instantaneous changes of duty demanded of the supply grid that currently in UK requires some of duty demanded of the supply grid that currently in UK requires some 2000MW of immediately available ‘Spinning reserve’ generator plant. 2000MW of immediately available ‘Spinning reserve’ generator plant. Causing over 1Million tonnes of ‘avoidable’ COCausing over 1Million tonnes of ‘avoidable’ CO22 emissions a year. emissions a year.

• To give users To give users dynamic load controldynamic load control enabling them to minimise the enabling them to minimise the ‘ ‘Peaks and times’ in their Demand Patterns and thereby in turn to minimise Peaks and times’ in their Demand Patterns and thereby in turn to minimise the total generator and distribution facilities required.the total generator and distribution facilities required.

An important further benefit of Dynamic Demand Control is that it would better facilitate An important further benefit of Dynamic Demand Control is that it would better facilitate the ‘acceptance onto the grid’ of local ‘micro-generated’ renewable power. the ‘acceptance onto the grid’ of local ‘micro-generated’ renewable power.

This is at present an unresolved problem for The UK This is at present an unresolved problem for The UK

20-50kW20-50kWCommunity wind powerCommunity wind power

Residential Wind powerResidential Wind power1-2kW1-2kW

Bio-FuelledBio-Fuelled

Furnace-heated clean airFurnace-heated clean airDirectly drivesDirectly drives

turbine generatorturbine generator

Micro-Gen.Micro-Gen.

P.V.P.V.

In The UK At least 2000MW In The UK At least 2000MW of ‘Low efficiency Generation’ plant of ‘Low efficiency Generation’ plant Is kept in ‘Spinning Reserve’Is kept in ‘Spinning Reserve’ France similarly has 5000MWFrance similarly has 5000MWThe EU total must be enormous.The EU total must be enormous.

RemoteRemoteMonitorinMonitorin

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Energy End Use and ESCOEnergy End Use and ESCO directive directive2006/32/EC May 2008 implementation 2006/32/EC May 2008 implementation

Of The EUROPEAN PARLIAMENTOf The EUROPEAN PARLIAMENTArticle 13 Covers a requirement for Article 13 Covers a requirement for

more accurate and informative billing.more accurate and informative billing.

Innovative Tariffs are essential to bring about a correction to this Innovative Tariffs are essential to bring about a correction to this ‘‘Gross inefficiency’ of our major energy supply systemGross inefficiency’ of our major energy supply system

A Tariff that gave a ‘properly priced’ least cost ration of units first A Tariff that gave a ‘properly priced’ least cost ration of units first with unit charges increasing according to production costs thereafterwith unit charges increasing according to production costs thereafterWould, not only correct the inefficiency and resulting emissions but, alsoWould, not only correct the inefficiency and resulting emissions but, alsoHelp to address the ‘Fuel Poverty’ problem for lower income citizens.Help to address the ‘Fuel Poverty’ problem for lower income citizens.

Smart MetersSmart Meters

‘‘Smart’ building systems Smart’ building systems With ‘Smart metering’ for With ‘Smart metering’ for ‘ ‘Demand Response’ andDemand Response’ and ‘ ‘Peak Demand’ controlPeak Demand’ control

Dynamic response on Appliances alone has potential to eliminate need for ‘Spinning Reserve generators’Dynamic response on Appliances alone has potential to eliminate need for ‘Spinning Reserve generators’

Conclusion:• Dynamic Demand Control could help to eliminate Peak Demands from Dynamic Demand Control could help to eliminate Peak Demands from

Electricity Supplies and thereby quickly bring a major contribution to EU Electricity Supplies and thereby quickly bring a major contribution to EU

Policy, on Energy useage and Climate changing Carbon emissions, at an Policy, on Energy useage and Climate changing Carbon emissions, at an

economic cost below almost any other methodeconomic cost below almost any other method

• The Technology for DDC is developed and, after agreement on content and The Technology for DDC is developed and, after agreement on content and protocols, would be ready for use.protocols, would be ready for use.

• Appropriate Innovation of present-day tariffs is essentialAppropriate Innovation of present-day tariffs is essential to make best use of DDC, to make best use of DDC,

•Once implemented; Building developers & designers will take advantage and Once implemented; Building developers & designers will take advantage and so deliver more sustainable buildings. And users & operators of ALL so deliver more sustainable buildings. And users & operators of ALL buildings, both New and Existing, will be able to achieve markedly better buildings, both New and Existing, will be able to achieve markedly better ‘Operational Performance’.‘Operational Performance’.

Terry Wyatt. Professor. Hoare Lea Consulting Engineers. UK