Terry Anderson, Professor, Canada Research Chair in Distance Education
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Transcript of Terry Anderson, Professor, Canada Research Chair in Distance Education
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Terry Anderson, Professor,Canada Research Chair in Distance Education
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Introduction
Terry Anderson’s CV in Wordle Tag Cloud
Introduction
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Values
• We can (and must) continuously improve the quality, effectiveness, appeal, cost and time efficiency of the learning experience.
• Student control and freedom is integral to 21st Century life-long education and learning.
• Education for elites is not sufficient for planetary survival
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Something there is that doesn’t love a a wall, that wants it down”
Robert Frost
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Boundless Learning• Boundless Content• Boundless Connections• Bounding the Boundless
Boundless: having no bounds; unlimited; vast www.yourdictionary.com
Image by Jack Ruttan
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Learning• Behaviorist : Learning occurs when new behaviors or changes in behaviors are
acquired as the result of an individual’s response to stimuli.• Cognitivist: Learning is a change in knowledge stored in memory.• Constructivist: Learning is the process where individuals construct new ideas or
concepts based on prior knowledge and/or experience. Leilani Carbonell-Pedroni in 2001
• Connectivist:– Learning is building networks of information, contacts and resources that are applied to
real problems. (Anderson, 2009)– the learning of knowledge - is distributive, that is, not located in any given place (and
therefore not 'transferred' or 'transacted' per se) but rather consists of the network of connections formed from experience and interactions with a knowing community. Downes, 2006
– Learning is a process of connecting specialized nodes or information sources. – Learning (does he mean knowledge??) may reside in non-human appliances. (Siemens,
2004)
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• “Learning is the lifelong process of transforming information and experience into knowledge, skills, behaviors, and attitudes.” Jeff Cobb, 2009
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Boundless Access to Learning Content
• Open Educational Resources (OERs)• Open Courses• Free resources
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OER Definition• “open provision of
educational resources enabled by information and communication technologies, for consultation, use and adaptation by a community of users for non-commercial purposes.”
– UNESCO 2008 http://www.unesco.org/iiep/eng/focus/opensrc/opensrc_1.htm
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Types of OERs• Learning objects, units, textbooks, scholarly articles
IRRODL.org• Multimedia objects (Flash etc.)
• Courses, programs full curriculum
• Tools, FOSS
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Boundless Opportunity to Re-purpose OERs
• Reuse - Use the work just exactly as you found it.
• Rework - Alter or transform the work
• Remix – Combine work with other works
• Redistribute – Share with others.– Dave Wiley
http://opencontent.org/blog/archives/355
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Millions of OERs are available
ProjectGutenberg
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Who Pays for Free content?
1. ‘Freemium: free & “pro” versions1. 1% of users support all the rest
2. Advertising: provide a special audience3. Cross-Subsidies: free lunch if you buy beer4. Zero-Marginal Cost: online music5. Labor Exchange: Digg or Google 4116. Gift Economy: $$$ aren’t everything
Wired: http://www.wired.com/techbiz/it/magazine/16-03/ff_free?currentPage=all
Chris Anderson’s Taxonomy of Free
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Is Language a Boundary?
• Of course, if not I would be talking Finnish!• But re-use/re-mixing does occur across language:• “In LeMill, where the content is created by teachers,
we find the users create and share material both within the language community and across them, indicating that the purpose of the platform fits and supports the typical activities that the meta-community carries out in order to achieve its goals.” – Vuorikari, & Koper, (in press) Journal of Educational
Technology & Society
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The Political Economy of Peer Production Michael Bauwens
• produce use-value through the free cooperation of producers
• a 'third mode of production' neither for-profit or public
• NOT exchange value for a market, but use-value for a community
www.ctheory.net/articles.aspx?id=499
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Prod-Users:From production to produsage
Axel Bruns 2008
• Users as active participants in production of artifacts:• Examples:
– Open source movement– Wikipedia– Citizen journalism (blogs)– Immersive worlds– Distributed creativity - music, video, Flickr
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Boundless Access to Open Courses
Alec Cuoros Open Access Course: Social Media & Open Education (Fall 2009)
George Siemens & Stephen Downes
Introduction au technologie émergentesDave Cormier
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Boundless Opportunity to control the Social Construction of Technology
• Education Technology is, by definition, technologically mediated and thus is influenced by technological determinism
• BUT…. • Interpretative Flexibility
– each technological artifact has different meanings and interpretations• Relevant Social Groups
– many subgroups can be delineated• Design Flexibility
– A design is only a single point in the large field of technical possibilities
• Problems and Conflicts– Different interpretations often give rise to conflicts between criteria
that are hard to resolve technologically • (Wikipedia, Sept, 2009)
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Boundless access through Open Access Books
Upcoming Emerging Technologies in DE edited by George Veletsianowww.irrodl.org
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Currently, somewhat bounded access to Free Courses
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Boundless Access to Individuals asfree tutors
• http://www.khanacademy.org/
See calculus derivatives: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rAof9Ld5sOg
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Boundless Access Using Open Access Journals
• Open Access Journals have increased citation ratings:– Work in progress with Olaf Zawacki-Richter, Ferne
University, Germany– Analysis of Google citations for 12 Distance Education
Journals (using Harzing’s Publish or Perish tool)– 6 open access, 6 commercially published– Early results show roughly equal citations/paper, but
recent gains in citations by open access journals
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Boundless Opportunity to write and assign Assign Open Textbooks
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Boundless Access to Learning Networks
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Net presence means Creating and Sustaining Social Capital
• “Relationships, more than information, determine how problems are solved or opportunities exploited.” Looi 2001, P. 17)
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Boundless Interaction over Research
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Boundless Opportunities to create and connect to Networks
EnablingOpenScholarship
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Boundless Connections through Web 2.0 Applications
http://www.go2web20.net over 3000 apps 28
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Boundless opportunities to comment, tag, share and connect with others
• Bookmarking and Annotation add value• Cite-u-like, Brainify, Diigo, Delicious etc• VLE additions like Margenalia.
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Placing Boundaries on the Boundless
Good fences make good neighbors” Robert Frost
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Placing Boundaries on the Boundless
A good fence helpeth to keepe peace between neighbours; but let vs take heed that we make not a high stone wall, to keepe vs from meeting.[1640 E. Rogers Letter in Winthrop Papers (1944) IV. 282]
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Boundless Opportunities for
• Unanticipated consequences• Challenges of net privacy/presence• Emergent adaptation by students and teachers• Misuse and exploitation
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Creating Boundaries by Recommendations/input of others
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Boundless Opportunity to be effective Change Agents
• Open scholars develop tools and techniques to help cross-pollination, sustain and grow effective learning networks.
• Open Scholars help birth new institutions and reform existing schools
From (Looi 2001).
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Boundless Opportunities to “help” students
• ““We’re trying to really understand the true behavior of the student … and then use that information to be able to make informed, data-driven decisions about how we can help students.” Adam Lange, Rio Salado College
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Boundless Opportunities to waste time
Save Time by using the efforts of others
I haven’t got the time to save!
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Boundless living requires effective information management
• “Personalisation will respect the fact that information use is individual and contextual: in terms of information and knowledge, one person’s overload is another’s life blood”. (Bawden &Robinson, 2009 p. 187)
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Social Networking helps us create our own boundaries
39
TextText
Stepanyan, Mather & Payne, 2007
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Boundary Controls in Elgg
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Open Net
Athabasca University Athabasca Landing
E-PortfoliosProfilesGroups/NetworksBookmark
CollectionsBlogs
Media lab
Secondlife campus
AUspace
AlFrescoCMS
Moodle
Library
Course Development
ELGG
MY AULogin
Registry
OERs, YouTUBE
DiscoveryRead & Comment rights
Single Sign on
CIDER
Research/Community Networks
Sample CC Course units and Branded OERs
PasswordsPasswords
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"He who asks a question is a fool for five minutes; he who does not ask a question remains a fool forever.”
Chinese Proverb
Terry Anderson [email protected]
http://cde.athabascau.ca/faculty/terrya.php
Blog: terrya.edublogs.org
Your comments and questions most welcomed!