Terrorist Terrorist SpilloversSpillovers

International TerrorismInternational Terrorism

The Spillover EffectThe Spillover Effect

The struggle “spills over” into the international The struggle “spills over” into the international domain.domain.

Domestic attacks against victims with an Domestic attacks against victims with an international profile.international profile.

Operations in a foreign country.Operations in a foreign country.

Unambiguous International ImplicationsUnambiguous International Implications

International consequences must be clear.International consequences must be clear. Case: Attacks on embassies.Case: Attacks on embassies. Case: Airline hijackings.Case: Airline hijackings.

Terrorist Environments and International Terrorist Environments and International TerrorismTerrorism

International state terrorism.International state terrorism. International dissident terrorism.International dissident terrorism. International religious terrorism.International religious terrorism. International left-wing terrorism.International left-wing terrorism. International right-wing terrorism.International right-wing terrorism. International criminal terrorism.International criminal terrorism.

Modern “isms” and International Modern “isms” and International Revolutionary SolidarityRevolutionary Solidarity

Cold War motivations for international Cold War motivations for international resistance.resistance.

Imperialism.Imperialism. Neocolonialism.Neocolonialism. Zionism.Zionism.

Perceived EfficiencyPerceived Efficiency

Potential for maximum publicity.Potential for maximum publicity. Potential for inflicting maximum psychological Potential for inflicting maximum psychological

anxiety.anxiety. Pragmatism.Pragmatism.

Adaptations of Revolutionary TheoryAdaptations of Revolutionary Theory

Fish swimming in the sea of the people.Fish swimming in the sea of the people. Enraging the beast.Enraging the beast. Liberating violence.Liberating violence.

Historical ReasonsHistorical Reasons

West was often a target during wars of national West was often a target during wars of national liberation.liberation.

Anticolonial rebels became national leaders.Anticolonial rebels became national leaders. Terrorism was a matter of pragmatic choice.Terrorism was a matter of pragmatic choice. Fusion of ideology and warfare.Fusion of ideology and warfare.

Cold War Terrorist-Networking TheoryCold War Terrorist-Networking Theory

Western theory that Soviet proxies were the Western theory that Soviet proxies were the source of international terrorism.source of international terrorism.

Uncomplicated and simplistic scenario.Uncomplicated and simplistic scenario.

International Terrorist EnvironmentsInternational Terrorist Environments

Monolithic.Monolithic. Strong multipolar.Strong multipolar. Weak multipolar.Weak multipolar. Cell-based.Cell-based.

A “Stateless Revolution” by Religious RadicalsA “Stateless Revolution” by Religious Radicals

The Afghan Arabs at WarThe Afghan Arabs at War MujahideenMujahideen in Bosnia in Bosnia Al Qaeda and International TerrorismAl Qaeda and International Terrorism The Madrid Train BombingsThe Madrid Train Bombings The London Transportation System AttacksThe London Transportation System Attacks Terrorist Violence in IraqTerrorist Violence in Iraq