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Territorial disputes in the South China SeaFrom Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Map showing territorial claims in South China Sea

Maritime claims in the South China Sea

Territorial disputes in the South China Seainvolve both island and maritime claims among

several sovereign stateswithin the region, namely Brunei, the Peoples !epublic of China, the!epublic of China "#aiwan$, Malaysia, the Philippines, and %ietnam&

#here are disputes concerning both the Spratlyand the Paracel islands,as well as maritimeboundaries in the'ulf of #onkinand elsewhere& #here is a further dispute in the waters near the(ndonesian )atuna (slands&*+#he interests of different nations include ac-uiring fishing areas aroundthe two archipelagos.the potential e/ploitation of suspected crude oiland natural gasunder thewaters of various parts of the South China Sea. and the strategic control of importantshipping lanes&

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sovereign_stateshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sovereign_stateshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bruneihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taiwanhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysiahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippineshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vietnamhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spratlyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spratlyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paracel_islandshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paracel_islandshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gulf_of_Tonkinhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gulf_of_Tonkinhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natuna_Islandshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natuna_Islandshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Territorial_disputes_in_the_South_China_Sea#cite_note-1https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archipelagoshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archipelagoshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crude_oilhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_gashttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shipping_laneshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shipping_laneshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bruneihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taiwanhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysiahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippineshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vietnamhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spratlyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paracel_islandshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gulf_of_Tonkinhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natuna_Islandshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Territorial_disputes_in_the_South_China_Sea#cite_note-1https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archipelagoshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crude_oilhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_gashttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shipping_laneshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sovereign_states

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Shangri01a 2ialogueserves as the 3#rack 4ne3 e/change forum on the security issues surrounding5sia0Pacific region including #erritorial disputes in the South China Sea&*6Council for SecurityCooperation in the 5sia Pacificis the 3#rack #wo3 dialogue on security issues of 5sia0Pacific&*7*8

Contents

*hide

+Specific disputes

6Background

o 6&+69++ agreement

o 6&6Chinese ob:ection to (ndian naval presence and oil e/ploration

o 6&7!etrenchment

o 6&84il development

7#imeline of events

o 7&+7rd century BC

o 7&67rd century

o 7&7;th+=8;9s

o 7&=+=@9s

o 7&+9+==9s

o 7&++699+

o 7&+66996

o 7&+7699;

o 7&+8699=

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shangri-La_Dialoguehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Territorial_disputes_in_the_South_China_Sea#cite_note-2https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Council_for_Security_Cooperation_in_the_Asia_Pacifichttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Council_for_Security_Cooperation_in_the_Asia_Pacifichttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Council_for_Security_Cooperation_in_the_Asia_Pacifichttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Territorial_disputes_in_the_South_China_Sea#cite_note-3https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Territorial_disputes_in_the_South_China_Sea#cite_note-4https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Territorial_disputes_in_the_South_China_Seahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Territorial_disputes_in_the_South_China_Seahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Territorial_disputes_in_the_South_China_Seahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Territorial_disputes_in_the_South_China_Sea#Specific_disputeshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Territorial_disputes_in_the_South_China_Sea#Backgroundhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Territorial_disputes_in_the_South_China_Sea#2011_agreementhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Territorial_disputes_in_the_South_China_Sea#Chinese_objection_to_Indian_naval_presence_and_oil_explorationhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Territorial_disputes_in_the_South_China_Sea#Retrenchmenthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Territorial_disputes_in_the_South_China_Sea#Oil_developmenthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Territorial_disputes_in_the_South_China_Sea#Timeline_of_eventshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Territorial_disputes_in_the_South_China_Sea#3rd_century_BChttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Territorial_disputes_in_the_South_China_Sea#3rd_centuryhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Territorial_disputes_in_the_South_China_Sea#5th.E2.80.9313th_centurieshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Territorial_disputes_in_the_South_China_Sea#19th_centuryhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Territorial_disputes_in_the_South_China_Sea#1901.E2.80.931937https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Territorial_disputes_in_the_South_China_Sea#World_War_IIhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Territorial_disputes_in_the_South_China_Sea#1945.E2.80.931959https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Territorial_disputes_in_the_South_China_Sea#1970shttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Territorial_disputes_in_the_South_China_Sea#1980shttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Territorial_disputes_in_the_South_China_Sea#1990shttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Territorial_disputes_in_the_South_China_Sea#2001https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Territorial_disputes_in_the_South_China_Sea#2002https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Territorial_disputes_in_the_South_China_Sea#2005https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Territorial_disputes_in_the_South_China_Sea#2009https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shangri-La_Dialoguehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Territorial_disputes_in_the_South_China_Sea#cite_note-2https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Council_for_Security_Cooperation_in_the_Asia_Pacifichttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Council_for_Security_Cooperation_in_the_Asia_Pacifichttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Territorial_disputes_in_the_South_China_Sea#cite_note-3https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Territorial_disputes_in_the_South_China_Sea#cite_note-4https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Territorial_disputes_in_the_South_China_Seahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Territorial_disputes_in_the_South_China_Sea#Specific_disputeshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Territorial_disputes_in_the_South_China_Sea#Backgroundhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Territorial_disputes_in_the_South_China_Sea#2011_agreementhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Territorial_disputes_in_the_South_China_Sea#Chinese_objection_to_Indian_naval_presence_and_oil_explorationhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Territorial_disputes_in_the_South_China_Sea#Retrenchmenthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Territorial_disputes_in_the_South_China_Sea#Oil_developmenthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Territorial_disputes_in_the_South_China_Sea#Timeline_of_eventshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Territorial_disputes_in_the_South_China_Sea#3rd_century_BChttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Territorial_disputes_in_the_South_China_Sea#3rd_centuryhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Territorial_disputes_in_the_South_China_Sea#5th.E2.80.9313th_centurieshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Territorial_disputes_in_the_South_China_Sea#19th_centuryhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Territorial_disputes_in_the_South_China_Sea#1901.E2.80.931937https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Territorial_disputes_in_the_South_China_Sea#World_War_IIhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Territorial_disputes_in_the_South_China_Sea#1945.E2.80.931959https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Territorial_disputes_in_the_South_China_Sea#1970shttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Territorial_disputes_in_the_South_China_Sea#1980shttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Territorial_disputes_in_the_South_China_Sea#1990shttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Territorial_disputes_in_the_South_China_Sea#2001https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Territorial_disputes_in_the_South_China_Sea#2002https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Territorial_disputes_in_the_South_China_Sea#2005https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Territorial_disputes_in_the_South_China_Sea#2009

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o 7&+;69++

o 7&+?69+6

o 7&+>69+7

o 7&+@69+8

o 7&+=69+;

o 7&69#he !epublic of China "#aiwan$

o 7&6+%ietnam

o 7&66#he Peoples !epublic of China

8)on0claimant views

o 8&+Anited States

o 8&6thnic minorities

8&6&+Cham people issue

8&6&6Moro )ational 1iberation Front

;See also

?!eferences

o ?&+Footnotes

o ?&6Bibliography

>Further reading

@/ternal links

Specific disputes*edit

Summary of disputes

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Territorial_disputes_in_the_South_China_Sea#2011https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Territorial_disputes_in_the_South_China_Sea#2012https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Territorial_disputes_in_the_South_China_Sea#2013https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Territorial_disputes_in_the_South_China_Sea#2014https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Territorial_disputes_in_the_South_China_Sea#2015https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Territorial_disputes_in_the_South_China_Sea#The_Republic_of_China_.28Taiwan.29https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Territorial_disputes_in_the_South_China_Sea#Vietnamhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Territorial_disputes_in_the_South_China_Sea#The_People.27s_Republic_of_Chinahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Territorial_disputes_in_the_South_China_Sea#Non-claimant_viewshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Territorial_disputes_in_the_South_China_Sea#United_Stateshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Territorial_disputes_in_the_South_China_Sea#Ethnic_minoritieshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Territorial_disputes_in_the_South_China_Sea#Cham_people_issuehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Territorial_disputes_in_the_South_China_Sea#Moro_National_Liberation_Fronthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Territorial_disputes_in_the_South_China_Sea#See_alsohttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Territorial_disputes_in_the_South_China_Sea#Referenceshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Territorial_disputes_in_the_South_China_Sea#Footnoteshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Territorial_disputes_in_the_South_China_Sea#Bibliographyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Territorial_disputes_in_the_South_China_Sea#Further_readinghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Territorial_disputes_in_the_South_China_Sea#External_linkshttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Territorial_disputes_in_the_South_China_Sea&action=edit&section=1https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Territorial_disputes_in_the_South_China_Sea#2011https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Territorial_disputes_in_the_South_China_Sea#2012https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Territorial_disputes_in_the_South_China_Sea#2013https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Territorial_disputes_in_the_South_China_Sea#2014https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Territorial_disputes_in_the_South_China_Sea#2015https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Territorial_disputes_in_the_South_China_Sea#The_Republic_of_China_.28Taiwan.29https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Territorial_disputes_in_the_South_China_Sea#Vietnamhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Territorial_disputes_in_the_South_China_Sea#The_People.27s_Republic_of_Chinahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Territorial_disputes_in_the_South_China_Sea#Non-claimant_viewshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Territorial_disputes_in_the_South_China_Sea#United_Stateshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Territorial_disputes_in_the_South_China_Sea#Ethnic_minoritieshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Territorial_disputes_in_the_South_China_Sea#Cham_people_issuehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Territorial_disputes_in_the_South_China_Sea#Moro_National_Liberation_Fronthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Territorial_disputes_in_the_South_China_Sea#See_alsohttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Territorial_disputes_in_the_South_China_Sea#Referenceshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Territorial_disputes_in_the_South_China_Sea#Footnoteshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Territorial_disputes_in_the_South_China_Sea#Bibliographyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Territorial_disputes_in_the_South_China_Sea#Further_readinghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Territorial_disputes_in_the_South_China_Sea#External_linkshttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Territorial_disputes_in_the_South_China_Sea&action=edit&section=1

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Area of

dispute

Brun

ei

Cambod

ia

Chin

a

Indones

ia

Malays

ia

Philippin

es

Singapo

re

Taiwa

n

Vietna

m

The nine-

dash line

area

Vietname

se coast

Sea area

north ofBorneo

South

China

Sea

Islands

Sea area

north ofthe

Natuna

Islands

Sea area

west of

Palawan

and

Luzon

Sabah

area

Luzon

Strait

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_China_Sea_Islandshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_China_Sea_Islandshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_China_Sea_Islandshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_China_Sea_Islandshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_China_Sea_Islandshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_China_Sea_Islandshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_China_Sea_Islands

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Pedra

Branca

area

#he disputes involve both maritime boundaries and islands& #here are several disputes, each ofwhich involved a different collection of countries

+& #he nine0dash linearea claimed by the !epublic of China, later Peoples !epublic of Chinawhich covers most of the South China sea and overlaps/clusive conomic Doneclaims ofBrunei, (ndonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, #aiwan, and %ietnam&

6& Maritime boundary along the %ietnamese coast between Brunei, Cambodia, China,Malaysia, the Philippines, #aiwan, and %ietnam&

7& Maritime boundary north ofBorneobetween Brunei, China, Malaysia, Philippines, #aiwan,and %ietnam&

8& (slands in the South China Sea,including the Paracels (slands, the Pratas(slands,Scarborough Shoaland theSpratly (slandsbetween Brunei, China, Malaysia, thePhilippines, #aiwan, and %ietnam&

;& Maritime boundary in the waters north of the)atuna (slandsbetween Cambodia, China,(ndonesia, Malaysia, #aiwan, and %ietnam&*;

?& Maritime boundary off the coast ofPalawanand 1uEonbetween Brunei, China, Malaysia, thePhilippines, #aiwan, and %ietnam&

>& Maritime boundary, land territory, and the islands of Sabah, including5mbalat, between

(ndonesia, Malaysia, and the Philippines&

@& Maritime boundary and islands in the1uEon Straitbetween the China, the Philippines, and#aiwan&

=& Maritime boundary and islands in thePedra Branca"andMiddle !ocks$ between Singaporeand Malaysia&

Background*edit

#he area may be rich in oiland natural gas deposits. however, the estimates are highly varied& #heMinistry of 'eological !esources and Mining of the Peoples !epublic of Chinaestimate that theSouth China Sea may contain +>&> billion tons of crude oil "compared to uwaitwith +7 billion tons$&(n the years following the announcement by the ministry, the claims regarding the South China Seaislands intensified&*?Gowever, other sources claim that the proven reserve of oil in the South ChinaSea may only be >&; billion barrels, or about +&+ billion tons& *>5ccording to the AS nergy(nformation 5dministration "(5$s profile of the South China Sea region, a AS 'eological Surveyestimate puts the regions discovered and undiscovered oil reserves at ++ billion barrels, as opposedto a Chinese figure of +6; billion barrels&*@#he same (5 report also points to the wide variety ofnatural gas resource estimations, ranging from +=9 trillion cubic feet to ;99 trillion cubic feet, likelylocated in the contested !eed Bank3&*@

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nine-dash_linehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nine-dash_linehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exclusive_Economic_Zonehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exclusive_Economic_Zonehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borneohttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borneohttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borneohttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_China_Sea_Islandshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_China_Sea_Islandshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paracels_Islandshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pratas_Islandshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pratas_Islandshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scarborough_Shoalhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scarborough_Shoalhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spratly_Islandshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spratly_Islandshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spratly_Islandshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natuna_Islandshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natuna_Islandshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Territorial_disputes_in_the_South_China_Sea#cite_note-5https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palawanhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palawanhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luzonhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sabahhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ambalathttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luzon_Straithttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luzon_Straithttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pedra_Branca,_Singaporehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pedra_Branca,_Singaporehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Middle_Rockshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Middle_Rockshttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Territorial_disputes_in_the_South_China_Sea&action=edit&section=2https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petroleumhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministry_of_Land_and_Resources_of_the_People's_Republic_of_Chinahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministry_of_Land_and_Resources_of_the_People's_Republic_of_Chinahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuwaithttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuwaithttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Territorial_disputes_in_the_South_China_Sea#cite_note-6https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Territorial_disputes_in_the_South_China_Sea#cite_note-6https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Territorial_disputes_in_the_South_China_Sea#cite_note-7https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Territorial_disputes_in_the_South_China_Sea#cite_note-7https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Territorial_disputes_in_the_South_China_Sea#cite_note-eia-fips-8https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reed_Bankhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Territorial_disputes_in_the_South_China_Sea#cite_note-eia-fips-8https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Territorial_disputes_in_the_South_China_Sea#cite_note-eia-fips-8https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nine-dash_linehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exclusive_Economic_Zonehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borneohttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_China_Sea_Islandshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paracels_Islandshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pratas_Islandshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pratas_Islandshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scarborough_Shoalhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spratly_Islandshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natuna_Islandshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Territorial_disputes_in_the_South_China_Sea#cite_note-5https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palawanhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luzonhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sabahhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ambalathttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luzon_Straithttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pedra_Branca,_Singaporehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Middle_Rockshttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Territorial_disputes_in_the_South_China_Sea&action=edit&section=2https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petroleumhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministry_of_Land_and_Resources_of_the_People's_Republic_of_Chinahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministry_of_Land_and_Resources_of_the_People's_Republic_of_Chinahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuwaithttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Territorial_disputes_in_the_South_China_Sea#cite_note-6https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Territorial_disputes_in_the_South_China_Sea#cite_note-7https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Territorial_disputes_in_the_South_China_Sea#cite_note-eia-fips-8https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reed_Bankhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Territorial_disputes_in_the_South_China_Sea#cite_note-eia-fips-8

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search and rescue and combating transnational crime,3 although the issue of oil and natural gasdrilling remains unresolved&

Chinese objection to Indian naval presence and oil exploration*edit

4n 66 Kuly 69++, the ()S 5iravat, an (ndian amphibious assault vessel on a friendly visit to %ietnam,was reportedly contacted 8; nautical miles from the %ietnamese coast in the disputed South China

Sea by a party identifying itself as the Chinese )avy and stating that the ship was entering Chinesewaters&*69*6+5 spokesperson for the(ndian )avye/plained that as no ship or aircraft was visible, the()S 5iravat proceeded on her onward :ourney as scheduled& #he (ndian )avy further clarified that3*there was no confrontation involving the ()S 5iravat& (ndia supports freedom of navigationininternational waters, including in the South China Sea, and the right of passage in accordance withaccepted principles of international law& #hese principles should be respected by all&3 *69

(n September 69++, shortly after China and %ietnam signed an agreement seeking to contain adispute over the South China Sea, (ndias state0run e/plorer,4il and )atural 'as Corporation"4)'C$said that its overseas investment arm, 4)'C %idesh 1imited, had signed a three0yearagreement with Petro%ietnamfor developing long0term co0operation in the oil sector, and that it hadaccepted %ietnams offer of e/ploration in certain specified blocks in the South China Sea*66(nresponse, Chinese Foreign Ministry spokesperson Kiang Lu, without referring to (ndia by name,

stated as follows3China en:oys indisputable sovereignty over the South China Sea and the island& Chinas stand isbased on historical facts and international law& Chinas sovereign rights and positions are formed inthe course of history and this position has been held by Chinese 'overnment for long& 4n the basisof this China is ready to engage in peaceful negotiations and friendly consultations to peacefullysolve the disputes over territorial sovereignty and maritime rights so as to positively contribute topeace and tran-uillity in the South China Sea area& We hope that the relevant countries respectChinas position and refrain from taking unilateral action to complicate and e/pand the issue& Wehope they will respect and support countries in the region to solve the bilateral disputes throughbilateral channels& 5s for oil and gas e/ploration activities, our consistent position is that we areopposed to any country engaging in oil and gas e/ploration and development activities in watersunder Chinas :urisdiction& We hope the foreign countries do not get involved in South China Sea

dispute&3*67*68

5n (ndian foreign ministryspokesman responded, 3#he Chinese had concerns, but we are going bywhat the %ietnamese authorities have told us and *we have conveyed this to the Chinese&3 *67#he(ndo0%ietnamese deal was also denounced by the Chinese state0run newspaper Global Times&*66*68

Retrenchment*edit

(n Spring 69+9, Chinese officials reportedly communicated to AS officials that the South China Seais 3an area of core interest that is as non0negotiable3 and on par with #aiwan and #ibet on thenational agenda&*6;but may have backed away from that assertion in 69++&*6?*6>*6@

(n 4ctober 69++, Chinas Global Timesnewspaper, published by the Communist Party,People'sDaily,editorialised on South China Sea territorial disputes under the banner 32ont take peaceful

approach for granted3& #he article referenced recent incidents involving PhilippinesandSouthoreadetaining Chinese fishing boats in the region*6=

3(f these countries dont want to change their ways with China, they will need to prepare forthe sounds of cannons& We need to be ready for that, as it may be the only way for thedisputes in the sea to be resolved&3 'lobal #imes"China$, 6; 4ctober 69++!esponding to-uestions about whether this reflected official policy, a Chinese ForeignMinistryspokeswoman stated the countrys commitment 3to resolving the maritimedisputethrough peaceful means&3*79

https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Territorial_disputes_in_the_South_China_Sea&action=edit&section=4https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/INS_Airavat_(L24)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Territorial_disputes_in_the_South_China_Sea#cite_note-autogenerated2-20https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Territorial_disputes_in_the_South_China_Sea#cite_note-21https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_Navyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_Navyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freedom_of_navigationhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Territorial_disputes_in_the_South_China_Sea#cite_note-autogenerated2-20https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ONGChttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ONGChttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ONGChttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PetroVietnamhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Territorial_disputes_in_the_South_China_Sea#cite_note-autogenerated1-22https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Territorial_disputes_in_the_South_China_Sea#cite_note-autogenerated4-23https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Territorial_disputes_in_the_South_China_Sea#cite_note-TheHindu-24https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minister_of_External_Affairs_(India)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Territorial_disputes_in_the_South_China_Sea#cite_note-autogenerated4-23https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Global_Timeshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Territorial_disputes_in_the_South_China_Sea#cite_note-autogenerated1-22https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Territorial_disputes_in_the_South_China_Sea#cite_note-TheHindu-24https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Territorial_disputes_in_the_South_China_Sea&action=edit&section=5https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Territorial_disputes_in_the_South_China_Sea#cite_note-autogenerated3-25https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Territorial_disputes_in_the_South_China_Sea#cite_note-26https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Territorial_disputes_in_the_South_China_Sea#cite_note-27https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Territorial_disputes_in_the_South_China_Sea#cite_note-27https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Territorial_disputes_in_the_South_China_Sea#cite_note-28https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Global_Timeshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Communist_Party_(China)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Communist_Party_(China)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/People's_Dailyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/People's_Dailyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/People's_Dailyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippineshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Koreahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Koreahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Koreahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Territorial_disputes_in_the_South_China_Sea#cite_note-globaltimes-29https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Global_Timeshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Global_Timeshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_of_the_People's_Republic_of_Chinahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_of_the_People's_Republic_of_Chinahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Territorial_disputes_in_the_South_China_Sea#cite_note-30https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Territorial_disputes_in_the_South_China_Sea&action=edit&section=4https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/INS_Airavat_(L24)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Territorial_disputes_in_the_South_China_Sea#cite_note-autogenerated2-20https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Territorial_disputes_in_the_South_China_Sea#cite_note-21https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_Navyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freedom_of_navigationhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Territorial_disputes_in_the_South_China_Sea#cite_note-autogenerated2-20https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ONGChttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ONGChttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PetroVietnamhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Territorial_disputes_in_the_South_China_Sea#cite_note-autogenerated1-22https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Territorial_disputes_in_the_South_China_Sea#cite_note-autogenerated4-23https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Territorial_disputes_in_the_South_China_Sea#cite_note-TheHindu-24https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minister_of_External_Affairs_(India)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Territorial_disputes_in_the_South_China_Sea#cite_note-autogenerated4-23https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Global_Timeshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Territorial_disputes_in_the_South_China_Sea#cite_note-autogenerated1-22https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Territorial_disputes_in_the_South_China_Sea#cite_note-TheHindu-24https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Territorial_disputes_in_the_South_China_Sea&action=edit&section=5https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Territorial_disputes_in_the_South_China_Sea#cite_note-autogenerated3-25https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Territorial_disputes_in_the_South_China_Sea#cite_note-26https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Territorial_disputes_in_the_South_China_Sea#cite_note-27https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Territorial_disputes_in_the_South_China_Sea#cite_note-28https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Global_Timeshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Communist_Party_(China)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/People's_Dailyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/People's_Dailyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippineshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Koreahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Koreahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Territorial_disputes_in_the_South_China_Sea#cite_note-globaltimes-29https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Global_Timeshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_of_the_People's_Republic_of_Chinahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_of_the_People's_Republic_of_Chinahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Territorial_disputes_in_the_South_China_Sea#cite_note-30

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5lan 2upont of the Aniversity of )ew South Waleshas said that the Chinese governmentappears to be directing its fishing fleet into disputed waters as a matter of policy&*7+

Oil development*edit

%ietnamand Kapanreached an agreement early in +=>@ on the development of oilin the SouthChina Sea&5s of 69+6, %ietnam had concluded some ?9 oil and gas e/ploration and production

contracts with various foreign companies&*76(n +=@?, the 3White #iger3 oil field in the South ChinaSea came into operation, producing over 6,999 tons of crude oilper year, followed by the 3#heBear3 and 32ragon3 oil fields&*775s of 69++, %ietnam was the si/th0largest oil producer in the

5sia0Pacific region although the country is now a net oil importer. in 699= while petroleumaccounted for +8 percent of government income, this was down from 68 percent in 6998&*78

Chinas first independently designed and constructed oil drilling platform in the South China Seais the Ocean Oil 981" =@+$& #he ma:or shareholders are K&P& Morgan Chase Co&"+=J$, Commonwealth Bank of 5ustralia"+8J$, #& !owe Price 5ssociates, (nc& and affiliates"?J$, and Black!ock,(nc& ";J$&*7;(t began operation on = May 69+6 in the South China Sea,769 kilometres "699 mi$ southeast of Gong ong, at a depth of +,;99 m and employing +?9people&*7?4n 6 May 69+8, the platform was moved near to theParacel islands,*7>amove %ietnamstated violated their territorial claims *7@whileChineseofficials said was legal*7=as

it falls within surrounding waters of the Paracel (slands which China militarily controls&

Timeline of events*edit

3rd centur !C*edit

(t has been claimed by the Peoples !epublic of China on the argument that since 699 BCChinese fishermen have used the Spratly islands& *89

3rd centur*edit

#wo famous Chinese books authored by Wan Dhen of the astern WuState and publishedduring the #hree ingdomsperiod "6699=$&*87

5rchaeologists have found Chinese made potteries porcelains and other historical relics fromthe Southern dynasties "869

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+@>? < China makes its earliest documented claim to the Paracel (slands *citation needed

+@@7 < When the Spratlys and Paracels were surveyed by 'ermany in +@@7, China issuedprotests&*8>*8@

+@@8 < (n the +=th century, uropeans found that Chinese fishermen from Gainan annuallyvisited the Spratly islands for part of the year, while in +@>> it was the British who launchedthe first modern legal claims to the Spratlys&*8=*;9

+@@> < #he Convention !especting the 2elimitation of the Frontier Between China and#onkinbetween Franceand the Ning mpireset the maritime boundary in the 'ulf of#onkin&*;+*;6*;7#he +@@> Chinese0%ietnamese Boundary convention signed between Franceand China after the Sino0French War said that China was the owner of the Spratly andParacel islands&*89*8>*;8

+@=@ < #he Philippine (slands were ceded by Spain to the Anited States in the #reaty ofParisfollowing theSpanish < China sends another naval force, this time to plan for resource e/ploitation&*;;

+=++ < #he newly formed!epublic of China,successor stateto the Ning 2ynasty,movesadministration of the Paracel (slands to Gainan,*;;which would not become a separateChinese province until +=@@&

+=6> < Kapanmakes its earliest documented claim to the Paracel and Spratly (slands*citation needed

+=6@ < #he !epublic of Chinastates that theParacel (slandsare the southernmost limits ofits territory*citation needed

+=7+ < France claims the Paracel (slands*citation needed

&orld &ar II*edit

+=7= < Kapan occupies the islands and takes control of the South China Sea& #he Spratlysand the Paracels were con-uered by Kapan in +=7=& Kapan administered the Spratlys via#aiwans :urisdiction and the Paracels via Gainans :urisdiction&*;?

1$'"#1$"$*edit

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Territorial_disputes_in_the_South_China_Sea#cite_note-NordquistMoore1998-47https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Territorial_disputes_in_the_South_China_Sea#cite_note-Wu2013-48https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sino-French_Warhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sino-French_Warhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sino-French_Warhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Territorial_disputes_in_the_South_China_Sea#cite_note-49https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Territorial_disputes_in_the_South_China_Sea#cite_note-50https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Convention_Respecting_the_Delimitation_of_the_Frontier_Between_China_and_Tonkin&action=edit&redlink=1https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Convention_Respecting_the_Delimitation_of_the_Frontier_Between_China_and_Tonkin&action=edit&redlink=1https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qing_Empirehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qing_Empirehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gulf_of_Tonkinhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gulf_of_Tonkinhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Territorial_disputes_in_the_South_China_Sea#cite_note-autogenerated6-51https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Territorial_disputes_in_the_South_China_Sea#cite_note-52https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Territorial_disputes_in_the_South_China_Sea#cite_note-Hiebert-53https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Territorial_disputes_in_the_South_China_Sea#cite_note-Wortzel.2C_Higham_1999-40https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Territorial_disputes_in_the_South_China_Sea#cite_note-Wortzel.2C_Higham_1999-40https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Territorial_disputes_in_the_South_China_Sea#cite_note-NordquistMoore1998-47https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Territorial_disputes_in_the_South_China_Sea#cite_note-Severino2011-54https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treaty_of_Paris_(1898)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treaty_of_Paris_(1898)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treaty_of_Paris_(1898)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanish%E2%80%93American_Warhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanish%E2%80%93American_Warhttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Territorial_disputes_in_the_South_China_Sea&action=edit&section=12https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Territorial_disputes_in_the_South_China_Sea#cite_note-Severino_2011-55https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Territorial_disputes_in_the_South_China_Sea#cite_note-Severino_2011-55https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republic_of_Chinahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republic_of_Chinahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republic_of_Chinahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Successor_statehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qing_Dynastyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qing_Dynastyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hainanhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Territorial_disputes_in_the_South_China_Sea#cite_note-Severino_2011-55https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Territorial_disputes_in_the_South_China_Sea#cite_note-Severino_2011-55https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spratly_Islandshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spratly_Islandshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republic_of_Chinahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paracel_Islandshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paracel_Islandshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paracel_Islandshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Territorial_disputes_in_the_South_China_Sea&action=edit&section=13https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Territorial_disputes_in_the_South_China_Sea#cite_note-56https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Territorial_disputes_in_the_South_China_Sea&action=edit&section=14https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Territorial_disputes_in_the_South_China_Sea#cite_note-NordquistMoore1998-47https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Territorial_disputes_in_the_South_China_Sea#cite_note-Wu2013-48https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sino-French_Warhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Territorial_disputes_in_the_South_China_Sea#cite_note-49https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Territorial_disputes_in_the_South_China_Sea#cite_note-50https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Convention_Respecting_the_Delimitation_of_the_Frontier_Between_China_and_Tonkin&action=edit&redlink=1https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Convention_Respecting_the_Delimitation_of_the_Frontier_Between_China_and_Tonkin&action=edit&redlink=1https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qing_Empirehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gulf_of_Tonkinhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gulf_of_Tonkinhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Territorial_disputes_in_the_South_China_Sea#cite_note-autogenerated6-51https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Territorial_disputes_in_the_South_China_Sea#cite_note-52https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Territorial_disputes_in_the_South_China_Sea#cite_note-Hiebert-53https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Territorial_disputes_in_the_South_China_Sea#cite_note-Wortzel.2C_Higham_1999-40https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Territorial_disputes_in_the_South_China_Sea#cite_note-NordquistMoore1998-47https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Territorial_disputes_in_the_South_China_Sea#cite_note-Severino2011-54https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treaty_of_Paris_(1898)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treaty_of_Paris_(1898)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanish%E2%80%93American_Warhttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Territorial_disputes_in_the_South_China_Sea&action=edit&section=12https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Territorial_disputes_in_the_South_China_Sea#cite_note-Severino_2011-55https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Territorial_disputes_in_the_South_China_Sea#cite_note-Severino_2011-55https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republic_of_Chinahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Successor_statehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qing_Dynastyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hainanhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Territorial_disputes_in_the_South_China_Sea#cite_note-Severino_2011-55https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spratly_Islandshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republic_of_Chinahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paracel_Islandshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Territorial_disputes_in_the_South_China_Sea&action=edit&section=13https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Territorial_disputes_in_the_South_China_Sea#cite_note-56https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Territorial_disputes_in_the_South_China_Sea&action=edit&section=14

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+=8; < (n accordance with the Cairo and Potsdam 2eclarations and with 5merican help, thearmed forces of the !epublic of China government at )an:ing accepted the surrender of theKapanese garrisons in #aiwan, including the Paracel and Spratly (slands& )an:ing thendeclared both archipelagoes to be part of 'uangdong Province& *;>*;@

+=8? < #he !&4&C& established garrisons on both Woody "now Long/ing I $ (sland in the

Paracels and #aiping (sland in the Spratlys& France protested& #he French tried but failed todislodge Chinese nationalist troops from Long/ing (sland "the only habitable island in theParacels$, but were able to establish a small camp on Pattle "now Shanhu I $ (sland inthe southwestern part of the archipelago& *;@*;=*?9#he !epublic of China drew up #he SouthernChina Sea (slands 1ocation Map, marking the national boundaries in the sea with ++ lines,showing the A shaped claim on the entire South China Sea, and showing the Spratly andParacels in Chinese territory, in +=8>& *;;#he 5mericans reminded the Philippines at itsindependence in +=8? that the Spratlys was not Philippine territory, both to not anger Chiangai0shekin China and because the Spratlys were not part of the Philippines per the +@=@treaty Spain signed with 5merica&*;=

+=;9 < 5fter the Chinese nationalists were driven from Gainan by the PeopleQs 1iberation

5rmy "P15$, they withdrew their garrisons in both the Paracels and Spratlys to #aiwan&

+=;6 < Kapan renounced any claims ofsovereigntyoverthe Spratlyand Paracelarchipelagosin accordance with 5rticle 6 Clause "f$ of the SanFrancisco Peace #reaty, but no beneficiarywas designated&*?+

+=;8 < France ceased to be a factor when it accepted the independence of both south andnorth %ietnam and withdrew from (ndochina&

+=;? < )orth %ietnam Communist government formally accepted that the Paracel andSpratly islands were historically Chinese territory& 5bout the same time, the P15reestablished a Chinese garrison on Long/ing (sland in the Paracels, while the !epublic of

China "#aipei$ put troops back on #aiping (sland in the Spratlys& But, that same year, South%ietnam reopened the abandoned French camp on Shanhu (sland and announced that ithad anne/ed the Paracel archipelago as well as the Spratlys& *?6(n +=;?, Cloma proclaimedthe establishment of a new country, RFreedomland in the Spratly (slands& #he sole functionof Freedomland turned out to be issuing postage stamps to collectors& ClomaQsannouncement of Freedomland caused both Bei:ing and #aipei to reiterate ChinaQs claims tothe Spratlys& #aipei sent troops to drive Cloma off #aiping (sland& (ts forces are still there&ClomaQs proclamation of Freedomland was legal in the Philippines because, as Manila notedin its reply to protests of ClomaQs actions from Bei:ing, Saigon, and #aipei, the Philippineshad made no claim of its own to the Spratlys&

8 September +=;@ < China published32eclaration of the 'overnment of the Peoples

!epublic of China on Chinas #erritorial Sea published on 8 September +=;@3to lawfullydescribe true meaning of 3nine0dotted line on South China Sea3&

+8 September +=;@ < Communist %ietnamese Premier Pham %an 2ong sent Premier Dhounlai a formal diplomatic saying respect Chinas decision on South China Sea&

1$%0s*edit

+=>9 < China occupies5mphitrite 'roupof the Paracel (slands

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+=>+ < Philippines announces claim to islands ad:acent to its territory in the Spratlys, whichthey named alayaan, which was formally incorporated into Palawan Provincein +=>6& #hePhilippines President Marcos announced the claims after #aiwanese troops attacked andshot at a Philippine fishing boat on (tu 5ba&*?7

+=>6 < Bureau of Survey and Cartography under the 4ffice of the Premier of %ietnam printed

out 3#he World 5tlas3 says 3#he chain of islands from the )ansha and Tisha (slands toGainan (sland, #aiwan (sland, the Penghu (slands and the Dhoushan (slands &&& are shapedlike a bow and constitute a 'reat Wall defending the China mainland&3 *?8

+=>8 < China ousts South %ietnamese forces from the Crescent 'roupof the Paracel(slands at the Battle of the Paracel (slands&

+8 February +=>;, regretting the agreement with China in +=;?& #he Communist %ietnamesegovernment reclaims to the Spratly and Paracel archipelagos&

1$(0s*edit

+=@8

#ranslation (n +=@8, 2eng Tiaoping raised two options 34ne method is that we use forceto get these islands back& 5nother is to shelve the sovereignty issue, co0develop the place&3

+8 March +=@@ < China defeats the %ietnamese navy in the Kohnson South !eef Skirmish,killing over >9 %ietnamese, after the %ietnamese tried to intercept a Chinese forcecommissioned by A)SC4 to build an observation post&

1$$0s*edit

February +==6 < China passes a law declaring the entire South China Sea as its territory,triggering protests from around the region

+==> < Philippines begins to challenge Chinese sovereignty over the Scarborough Shoal&*?;

+=== < Ander President 1ee #eng0hui,#aiwan stated that 3legally, historically, geographically,or in reality3, all of the South China Sea and Spratly islands were #aiwans territory andunder #aiwanese sovereignty, and denounced actions undertaken there by Malaysia and thePhilippines, in a statement on +7 Kuly +=== released by the foreign ministry of #aiwan&*??#aiwan and Chinas claims 3mirrors3 each other&*?>2uring international talks involving theSpratly islands, China and #aiwan have cooperated with each other since both have thesame claims&*?>*?@

= May +=== < #he day after the A&S& bombing of the Chinese embassy in Belgrade,Philippine navy sent B!P Sierra Madreand ran her aground onSecond #homas Shoal&

China issued official protest afterward& Philippine refused to withdraw the ship&*?=

Since thenChina deploys service ships to the corresponding water regularly&

2001*edit

+ 5pril, Gainan (sland incident

2002*edit

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalayaan,_Palawanhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palawan_Provincehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Territorial_disputes_in_the_South_China_Sea#cite_note-Pak_2000-63https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Territorial_disputes_in_the_South_China_Sea#cite_note-64https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crescent_Grouphttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_the_Paracel_Islandshttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Territorial_disputes_in_the_South_China_Sea&action=edit&section=16https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johnson_South_Reef_Skirmishhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johnson_South_Reef_Skirmishhttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Territorial_disputes_in_the_South_China_Sea&action=edit&section=17https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Territorial_disputes_in_the_South_China_Sea#cite_note-65https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lee_Teng-huihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lee_Teng-huihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Territorial_disputes_in_the_South_China_Sea#cite_note-66https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Territorial_disputes_in_the_South_China_Sea#cite_note-Sisci_2010-67https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Territorial_disputes_in_the_South_China_Sea#cite_note-Sisci_2010-67https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Territorial_disputes_in_the_South_China_Sea#cite_note-68https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_bombing_of_the_Chinese_embassy_in_Belgradehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USS_Harnett_County_(LST-821)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Thomas_Shoalhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Thomas_Shoalhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Thomas_Shoalhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Territorial_disputes_in_the_South_China_Sea#cite_note-69https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Territorial_disputes_in_the_South_China_Sea&action=edit&section=18https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hainan_Island_incidenthttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Territorial_disputes_in_the_South_China_Sea&action=edit&section=19https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalayaan,_Palawanhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palawan_Provincehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Territorial_disputes_in_the_South_China_Sea#cite_note-Pak_2000-63https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Territorial_disputes_in_the_South_China_Sea#cite_note-64https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crescent_Grouphttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_the_Paracel_Islandshttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Territorial_disputes_in_the_South_China_Sea&action=edit&section=16https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johnson_South_Reef_Skirmishhttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Territorial_disputes_in_the_South_China_Sea&action=edit&section=17https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Territorial_disputes_in_the_South_China_Sea#cite_note-65https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lee_Teng-huihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Territorial_disputes_in_the_South_China_Sea#cite_note-66https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Territorial_disputes_in_the_South_China_Sea#cite_note-Sisci_2010-67https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Territorial_disputes_in_the_South_China_Sea#cite_note-Sisci_2010-67https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Territorial_disputes_in_the_South_China_Sea#cite_note-68https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_bombing_of_the_Chinese_embassy_in_Belgradehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USS_Harnett_County_(LST-821)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Thomas_Shoalhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Territorial_disputes_in_the_South_China_Sea#cite_note-69https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Territorial_disputes_in_the_South_China_Sea&action=edit&section=18https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hainan_Island_incidenthttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Territorial_disputes_in_the_South_China_Sea&action=edit&section=19

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5S5)and China agree to a code of conduct in the 2eclaration on the Conduct of Parties inthe South China Sea*>9

200"*edit

@ Kanuary < Chinese ships fired upon two %ietnamese fishing boats from #hanh Goa

province, killing = people and detaining one ship with @ people onGainan (sland&*>+

ChineseForeign Ministry claim they were pirates that opened fire first and obtained confession fromthe arrested members&*>6

200$*edit

March 699= < #he Pentagon reported that Chinese ships harassed AS surveillance ship&5ccording to the report, five Chinese vessels 3shadowed and aggressively maneuvered indangerously close pro/imity toAS)S (mpeccable,in an apparent coordinated effort toharass the A&S& ocean surveillance ship while it was conducting routine operations ininternational waters&3 #he crew members aboard the vessels, two of which were within ;9feet, waved Chinese flags and told the AS ship to leave the area, the statement said& *>7

+7 May 699= < #he deadline for states to make seabed hydrocarbon claims under the Anited)ations Convention on the 1aw of the Sea& #his is suspected to have caused ancient islandclaims to surface and become inflamed& *>8

2011*edit

6; February < #he Chinese frigate Dongguanfired three shots at Philippine fishing boats inthe vicinity of Kackson atoll& #he shots were fired after the frigate instructed the fishing boatsto leave, and one of those boats e/perienced trouble removing its anchor&*>;*>?

6? May < #he clash involved the %ietnamese !inh "inh #$oil and gas survey ship and threeChinese maritime patrol vessels occurred +69 km "@9 miles$ off the south0central coast of

%ietnam and some ?99 km south of Chinas Gainan island& %ietnam says the Chinese boatsdeliberately cut the survey ships cables in %ietnamese waters& China denies the allegation&*>>#he event stirred up unprecedented anti0China protests in Ganoi and Go Chi Minh city&*>@

= Kune < 5 )orwegian0flagged seismic conducting ship hired by %ietnam 4il 'asCorporation "Petro%ietnam$ clashed with another three Chinese fishery patrol vessels within%ietnams /clusive conomic Done& %ietnam once again claimed its e/ploration cableswere deliberately cut&*>=

!China"s s#stematic action is aimed at turnin$ the undis%uted ar

Vietnamese spokeswoman Pham Phuong Nga, following the June 9th incident

+9 4ctober < %ietnam and China agree to a new set of principles on settling maritimedisputes*>9

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ASEANhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Territorial_disputes_in_the_South_China_Sea#cite_note-dur.ac.uk-70https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Territorial_disputes_in_the_South_China_Sea&action=edit&section=20https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hainan_Islandhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hainan_Islandhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Territorial_disputes_in_the_South_China_Sea#cite_note-71https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Territorial_disputes_in_the_South_China_Sea#cite_note-71https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Territorial_disputes_in_the_South_China_Sea#cite_note-72https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Territorial_disputes_in_the_South_China_Sea&action=edit&section=21https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USNS_Impeccable_(T-AGOS-23)#South_China_Sea_incidentshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USNS_Impeccable_(T-AGOS-23)#South_China_Sea_incidentshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USNS_Impeccable_(T-AGOS-23)#South_China_Sea_incidentshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Territorial_disputes_in_the_South_China_Sea#cite_note-73https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations_Convention_on_the_Law_of_the_Seahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations_Convention_on_the_Law_of_the_Seahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Territorial_disputes_in_the_South_China_Sea#cite_note-74https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Territorial_disputes_in_the_South_China_Sea&action=edit&section=22https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jackson_atoll&action=edit&redlink=1https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Territorial_disputes_in_the_South_China_Sea#cite_note-75https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Territorial_disputes_in_the_South_China_Sea#cite_note-76https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Territorial_disputes_in_the_South_China_Sea#cite_note-BBC-77https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Territorial_disputes_in_the_South_China_Sea#cite_note-chinadigitaltimes-78https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Territorial_disputes_in_the_South_China_Sea#cite_note-79https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Territorial_disputes_in_the_South_China_Sea#cite_note-dur.ac.uk-70https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ASEANhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Territorial_disputes_in_the_South_China_Sea#cite_note-dur.ac.uk-70https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Territorial_disputes_in_the_South_China_Sea&action=edit&section=20https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hainan_Islandhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Territorial_disputes_in_the_South_China_Sea#cite_note-71https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Territorial_disputes_in_the_South_China_Sea#cite_note-72https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Territorial_disputes_in_the_South_China_Sea&action=edit&section=21https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USNS_Impeccable_(T-AGOS-23)#South_China_Sea_incidentshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Territorial_disputes_in_the_South_China_Sea#cite_note-73https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations_Convention_on_the_Law_of_the_Seahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations_Convention_on_the_Law_of_the_Seahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Territorial_disputes_in_the_South_China_Sea#cite_note-74https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Territorial_disputes_in_the_South_China_Sea&action=edit&section=22https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jackson_atoll&action=edit&redlink=1https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Territorial_disputes_in_the_South_China_Sea#cite_note-75https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Territorial_disputes_in_the_South_China_Sea#cite_note-76https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Territorial_disputes_in_the_South_China_Sea#cite_note-BBC-77https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Territorial_disputes_in_the_South_China_Sea#cite_note-chinadigitaltimes-78https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Territorial_disputes_in_the_South_China_Sea#cite_note-79https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Territorial_disputes_in_the_South_China_Sea#cite_note-dur.ac.uk-70

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)ovember < Former Malaysian Prime Minister Mahathir Mohamadbelieved Malaysia couldprofit from Chinas economic growth through co0operation with China, and said that Chinawas not a threat to anyone and was not worried about aggression from China, accusing theAnited States of provoking China and trying to turn Chinas neighbours against China& *@9*@+

+> )ovember < 4bama made a policy announcement to 5ustralian Parliament about AS

pivot or rebalancing towards the 5sia0Pacific&

2012*edit

5pril < #he Philippine warship Gregorio del Pilarwas involved in astandoffwith twoChinese surveillance vesselsin the Scarborough Shoal, an area claimed by both nations&*@6#he Philippine navy had been trying to arrest Chinese fishermen who were allegedlytaking government0protected marine species from the area, but the surveillance boatsprevented them&*@74n +8 5pril 69+6, AS and the Philippines held their yearly e/ercisesinPalawan, Philippines&*@84n +? 5pril 69+6, the Chinese Foreign Ministry urged a Philippinearchaeological ship to immediately leave the waters of the Scarborough Shoal, which Chinaclaims is an 3integral part of its territory&3*@;4n > May 69+6, Chinese %ice ForeignMinister Fu Lingcalled a meeting with 5le/ Chua, Charge 2affaires of the Philippinembassy in China, to make a serious representation over the current incident at theScarborough Shoal& China also warned its nationals against travel to the Philippines andraised trade barriers on imported pineapples and bananas&*@?*@>4n +? May 69+6, a fishingban in the Scarborough Shoal by the governments of China and the Philippines becameeffective&*@@*@=By mid Kune 69+6, both nations had withdrawn their vessels from the watersaround the disputed Shoal due to the arrival of the typhoonseason&*=9By Kuly 69+6, Chinahad erected a barrier to the entrance of the shoal, *=+*=6and that vessels belonging toBei:ings China Marine Surveillanceand Fisheries 1aw nforcement Commandwereobserved nearby the disputed shoal. *=7as of 2ecember 69+6, Chinese government shipsremain around the shoal and have been turning away Filipino vessels. *=8*=;additionally, Chinahas stated it would interdict, andboard,*=?any foreign vessel that entered waters it claimed&*=>China later clarified that it would only conduct interdiction, and boarding, vessels within +6

nautical miles for which China has announced baselines&*=@

May < #aiwan re:ected a pan0Chinese approach of co0ordinating with the P!C in assertingclaims to the South China Sea&*==

Kune

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Kuly < #he )ational 5ssembly of %ietnam passed a law demarcating %ietnamese seaborders to include the Spratly and Paracel islands&*+98*+9;

Kuly < Citing reports from diplomats on0hand, !euters wrote that Cambodia 3batted awayrepeated attempts to raise the issue about the disputed waters during the 5S5) Meetinglast week as well as the 5S5) !egional Forum&3 *+9?

66 Kuly < #he Central Military Commission "China$decided to establish the Sanshagarrison&*+9>#he move was criticised by the Philippines and %ietnam&*+9@China responded by calling ina senior AS diplomat and reiterating their 3absolute sovereignty3 over the region& *+9=

+ September < #aiwan performed live fire military e/ercises on #aiping island on September69+6, reports said that %ietnam was e/plicitly named by the #aiwanese military as the3imaginary enemy3 in the drill& *++9*+++*++6*++7*++8*++;%ietnam protested against the e/ercises asviolation of its territory and 3voiced anger3, demanding that #aiwan stop the drill& *++?*++>*++@*++=#aiwan re:ected %ietnams protests, and #aiwans 2epartment of ast 5sian and Pacific

5ffairs declared that 3#aiping (sland is part of the !epublic of Chinas territory&&&&We havenoted %ietnams dissatisfaction over the drill&&&)o one has the right to protest over #aiwans

e/ercise of its sovereign rights there3, while China voiced its approval and support of#aiwans military drill on the island& *+69*+6+#aiwans Ministry of Foreign 5ffairs also said, 34ursovereignty over the island is undisputable and all of our activities and deployments on theisland are legal and will never cause regional tensions&3 in response to %ietnamese claimson the island&*+66*+675mong the inspectors of the live fire drill were #aiwanese nationallegislators, adding to the tensions& *+68*+6;*+6?*+6>

; September < Philippine president 5-uino promulgated 5dministrative 4rder )o& 6=,naming maritime areas on the western side of the Philippine archipelago as the estPhilippine (ea& #he order declares that the Philippines e/ercises 3sovereign :urisdiction3 inits e/clusive economic Eone, an area declared by Presidential 2ecree )o& +;== of ++ Kune+=>@ to e/tend to a distance of two hundred nautical miles beyond and from the baseline

from which the territorial sea is measured&*+6@*+6=*+79

#he Philippine Baselines are defined by!epublic 5ct )o& 798?, as amended&*+7+4fficial P!C media responded that this was a 3fonddream3&*+76

67 September < China launched a program to increase the number of A5%s monitoring theScarborough Shoal, Paracel (slands, Spratly (slands and ast China Sea, which follows anational marine Eoning program approved by the State Council during the previous year asa part of Chinas +6th five year plan&*+77

2ecember < (n an interview with the #imes of (ndia,Philippines %ice0President Binaywelcomed the statement made by (ndian )avy5dmiral Koshi who statedthat the (ndian )avy is prepared to operate in the South China Sea&*+78

2013*edit

March < Malaysia displayed no concern over China conducting a military e/ercise at KamesShoal on March 69+7&*+7;

5ugust < Malaysia suggested that it might work with China over their South China Seaclaims and ignore the other claimants, with Malaysian 2efence MinisterGishamuddinGussein saying that Malaysia had no problem with China patrolling the South China Sea,

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and telling 5S5), 5merica, and Kapan that 3Kust because you have enemies, doesntmean your enemies are my enemies3& *+7?*+7>

201'*edit

+9 Kanuary < Chinaimposes a 3fishing permit3 rule in the South China Sea, over the

ob:ections of the Anited States, the Philippines, and %ietnam&*+7@

++ March < #wo Philippine ships are e/pelled by the Chinese Coast 'uardfrom 5yunginShoal in the Spratly group of islands&*+7=

79 March < #he !epublic of the Philippines invokes the compulsory settlement of disputeclause under the 1aw of the Sea Convention, by submitting a case to the Permanent Courtof 5rbitration in #he Gague in its case against China over competing South China Seaclaims&

6 May < %ietnamese navalships and Chinesevessels collide in the South China Seaheincident occurred as China set up an oil rigin an area to which both nations lay claim&*+894n

6? May, a %ietnamese fishing boat sank near the oil rig, after colliding with a Chinesevessel& 5s both sides imputed the blame to each other, %ietnam released video footage aweek later, showing the %ietnamese boat being rammed by the Chinese vessel beforesinking&*+8+Meanwhile,5S5)leaders e/pressed 3serious concerns3 over the tensions,calling for self0restraint and peaceful acts from both sides& Many observed that this markeda change in tone by 5S5) members, who had previously avoided a collision of theireconomic interests with China&*+86

+= 5ugust < 5 Shenyang K0++intercepts a A&S& )avyP0@ Poseidonanti0submarinewarfareaircraft flying in international waters the South China Sea& *+87

> 2ecember < the Anited States State 2epartment released a report concluding that Chinas

=0dash0line claim does not accord with the international law of the sea&201"*edit

@ 5pril < China is transforming Mischief !eefinto an island&*+885ccording to A)C14S,artificial islands do not afford the occupying nation territorial waters&*+8;

@ Kune < Chinese coast guard vessel anchored at1uconia Shoals"Betting Patinggi 5li$,leading to a protest by Malaysia& *+8?

+; 5ugust < Malaysia continues its protest as China did not move their vessel by sendingdiplomatic notes& (n a statement by the Minister in the Prime MinisterQs 2epartmentShahidan

assim, RWe have never received any official claims from them "China$ and they said theisland "Beting Patinggi 5li$ belongs to them but the country is 899,999 kilometres away& Weare taking diplomatic action but in whatever approach, they have to get out of our nationalwaters&*+8>

6> 4ctober < AS destroyer ASS 1assennavigates within +6 nautical miles of the emergingland masses in the Spratly (slandsas the first in a series of 3Freedom of )avigation4peration3&*+8@

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uth_China_Sea#cite_note-146https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shahidan_Kassimhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shahidan_Kassimhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Territorial_disputes_in_the_South_China_Sea#cite_note-147https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USS_Lassen_(DDG-82)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spratly_Islandshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Territorial_disputes_in_the_South_China_Sea#cite_note-The_Diplomat-148

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+8 )ovember < (ndonesiaannounces that it is planning to take Chinato court overthe )atuna (slands&*+8=

The Republic o) China *Tai+an,*edit

This article needs additional citations for erification' Please hel%im%ro(e this

articleb# addin$ citations to reliable sources' )nsourced material ma# be challen

remo(ed' (August 2012

+=8; < (n accordance with the Cairo and Potsdam 2eclarations and with 5merican help, thearmed forces of the !epublic of China government in )an:ing accepted the surrender of theKapanese garrisons in #aiwan, including the Paracel and Spratly (slands& )an:ing thendeclared both archipelagoes to be part of 'uangdong Province&

+=8? < #he !&4&C& established garrisons on both Woody "now Long/ing I $ (sland in theParacels and #aiping (sland in the Spratlys& France protested& #he French tried but failed todislodge Chinese nationalist troops from Long/ing (sland "the only habitable island in theParacels$, but were able to establish a small camp on Pattle "now Shanhu I $ (sland inthe southwestern part of the archipelago&

+=;9 < 5fter the Chinese nationalists of the !&4&C& were driven from Gainan by the PeopleQs1iberation 5rmy "P15$, they withdrew their garrisons in both the Paracels and Spratlys to#aiwan&

+=;? < #he !epublic of China "#aipei$ put troops back on #aiping (sland, the only naturallyhabitable island in the Spratlys&

+=>; < the !&4&C& claims to be the only legitimate sovereign of the Spratlys& For thePhilippines, %ietnam, Malaysia, successively seiEed the Spratly (slands&*citation needed

6@ Kanuary 6999 < #he establishment of the Coast 'uard 5dministration to take over thePacific (sland*citation needed

-ietnam*edit

+=;? < )orth %ietnam formally accepted that the Paracel and Spratly islands werehistorically Chinese& But, that same year, South %ietnam reopened the abandoned Frenchcamp on Shanhu (sland in the Paracels and announced that it had anne/ed the Paracelarchipelago as well as the Spratlys&

+=>8 < South %ietnam attempted to enforce its claims to sovereignty by placing settlers inthe Spratlys and e/pelling Chinese fishermen from the southwestern Paracels& (n theensuing naval battle at Shanhu (sland, China defeated %ietnamese forces& #his enabled

Bei:ing to e/tend its control to the entire Paracel archipelago, where it has not beeneffectively challenged since&

+=>= < Ganoi "now the capital of a united %ietnam$ repudiated its earlier deference toChinaQs claims, adopted South %ietnamQs position, and claimed sovereignty over all theislands in the South China Sea& (n the early +=@9s, as Bei:ing, uala 1umpur, Manila, and#aipei protested, %ietnam resumed vigorous settlement and garrisoning of the Spratlys&

The .eople/s Republic o) China*edit

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