Territorial and Economic Expansion

1830-1860

Territorial and Economic ExpansionConflict in Texas and Maine The revolt in Texas led

to an application by Sam Houston for the new republic to be annexed into the United States

Northern worries over slave balance led to delay and denial

In Maine the Aroostook War between loggers in Maine and Canada over the border was settled by treaty in 1842. This also settled the Minnesota border.

The Oregon Border Dispute: 54*40’ or FIGHTThe Oregon Border 4 Nations claimed Oregon: Britain,

Spain, Russia and the U.S. Spain dropped this claim in the

Adams-Onis Treaty of 1819 Manifest Destiny had swept the

land and Americans thought it divine right to hold the territory

This was settled when the U.S. and Britain agreed to split the territory in half, at the 49th parallel.

The U.S. was also entering a war with Mexico at the time and did not want to divide its attention

The War with Mexico The border dispute with Mexico

erupted into war in 1846 President Polk offered to purchase

California and set the border at the Rio Grande. Mexico rejected the offer and countered with the Nueces River, further North.

Polk sent General Zachary Taylor to patrol the border near the Rio Grande

A Mexican Army crossed and captured an American patrol killing 11.

The War was a one-sided American victory with General Winfield Scott capturing Mexico City in 1847

Consequences of the Mexican War: Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo

Rio Grande as Southern Border California and New Mexico

territories transfer to U.S. for $15 Million and assumption of American claims against Mexico

Wilmot Proviso An amendment to abolish

slavery in the newly acquired territory

Prelude to Civil War?Wilmot was seen as raising the stakes for the slavery issue and sparking sectional tension anew

Southern Expansion and Manifest Destiny Ostend Manifesto

Franklin Pierce dispatched diplomats to Ostend, Belgium to secretly negotiate the purchase of Cuba from Spain after several attempts had failed

The deal was leaked to the press and antislavery members loudly rejected the idea.

Gadsden Purchase The Southern sections of New Mexico and Arizona were

purchased from Mexico to facilitate a Western railroad

Economic Expansion: 1830-1860Industrial Technology Industrial expansion spread to the entire Northeast to

produce shoes, sewing machines, clothing, firearms Samuel Morse developed the telegraph successfully in 1844Railroads The NE and Midwest saw rapid expansion of the rails 1850 saw the first land grant to the rails for buildingPanic of 1857 The panic of 1857 sent prices for Midwestern farmers and

Northerners plummeting Southern Cotton remained high and led the Southerners to

believe that they didn’t need union with the North

Helpful Maps (Disputed Area of Oregon)

Helpful Maps (Disputed Area of Maine)

Helpful Maps (Disputed Area of Texas)