Terracing and Rural Development
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Transcript of Terracing and Rural Development
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Terracing and Rural evelopmentAndamarca, Ayacucho 2005
Dr: Ann KendallDr: Ann KendallDirector The Cusichaca Trust
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Cusichaca 1978
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The Huillca Raccay Tableland in 1978
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us c aca: rr gate terraces
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Proyecto Cusichaca-CT archaeologicalinvestigations revealed the Quishuarpata canal had been
previously restored - by the Incas who modified its design.
45ha came under irrigation for the community of
Chamana.
CaseStudy
1Rehabilitation to
restore terraces to
heir full potentialunder irrigation
Here, in the
follow-up project
he farmers
achieved
continuous
cropping.
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Tipo de Andn del
Primer GrupoSon los construidos en
estratos mltiples;con riego,sutil inclinacin para la
distribucin del agua, con la
base excavada y rellena de
piedras; cascajo, y encima de
ste un metro de tierra
agrcola.
Muros de dos caras, con
cimentaciones y inclinacin
de 5 a 15 grados.
En algunos casos se haverificado el uso de arcilla o de
tierra arcillosa colocada en la
base del andn Inca y la parte
baja del muro de
sostenimiento. Con riego estacaracterstica promovi una
actividad microbiolgica,
pues aumenta la temperatura
del terreno y se incrementa el
reciclaje de nutrientes (como
ocurre tambin en loscamellones del lago Titicaca.
Ejemplo:
Cara expuesta
detrs del murofrontal
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Inca Terracing at Choquebamba at 3400m alt.: Irrigation restored in 1995
by CT, Patacancha Project.
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Upper Pumamarca Canal, which fed 3 sectors of terracing totalling
160ha. Inca Period system restored CT (1991-95). Following production
figures achieved in 1994/95 on 43 ha of rehabilitated terraces of the first
system at Pumamarca worth US$ 39,000, it was calculated that the 160hacould potentially pay for the cost of restoration within 4 years. If 50% of
the terraces achieved continuous cropping this restoration would be worth
Case Study 2
1992-95Pumamarca
canal in
PatacanchaValley,
Ollantaytambo
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Restoration of canal. Traditional technology with stones
permanent material for construction, clay to seal the canalbase and sand for good drainage.
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Canal under restoration at Pumamarca, 1994.CTs Patacancha Project .
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Restoration of terracing ath m
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mportant visit 1997
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Despedida Party
Apurimac and Ayacucho: Abandoned terracing built during the
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Apurimac and Ayacucho: Abandoned terracing built during theHuari occupation c.AD600 in the Chicha-Soras Valley
A new challenge for CTs
rehabilitation projects
ase : yapampa es ora on ro ec
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he Ayapampa (N) canal & aqueduct.
ommunity elders informed us that it was
habilitated 100 years earlier by their
andparents.
.
Pre-rehabilitation
Post-rehabilitation
To re-introduce irrigation culture &
maintenance of terracing was a
challenge.
ase : yapampa es ora on ro ec .
An ener a en Laym coc a, Larcay: o ra e r ego en restaurac n por CT
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y , y g p
i h j i i l h
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Laymicocha project in Larcay involves the
rehabilitation of 4 small stone-wall
reservoirs and 2 small stretches of canal.
A trench was excavated to find the clay
floor, unexpectedly, a outlet stone was
discovered along with the small stone which
plugged it.
This late pre-Hispanic system distributed
water to the terraces below.
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Laymecocha, third reservoir in the
series restored 2005, showingwater cascading from 2 to 3.
Seminars on traditional technology are the cornerstone of our
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Seminars on traditional technology are the cornerstone of our
agricultural extension programme and rehabilitation projects.
They have proved a useful forum for
discussing related issues of social
responsibility, animal husbandry,
effective use of natural resources,productivity and markets.
hi d di i i hi h i
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Teaching and discussion within the community
during restoration of the Upper Pumamarca canal,
Patacancha Project 1994.
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Greenhouses are an extension
of the local concept of
protected micro-climates. Athigh altitude they provide the
only option for a range of
vegetables & horticultural
produce.
Red peppers &
tomatoes have been
grown here at analtitude of 4000m!
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Pre-Inca and Inca terracing and irrigation canal rehabilitated,
Pumamarca 1994: Proyecto Patacancha - CT
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Community Restoration in the rehabilitation of
terraces
One-day, competitive training events
for groups of farmers, men, women and
children representing villages and
institutions including schools and
Municipalities.
Relearning how to restore and maintain
their terracing. At the end of the day every group wins
a prize of seeds, first prize often
includes agricultural implements.
Normally between 50 80 peopleparticipate and 2 to 4 terraces are
restored.
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Pata Ra mi, Andamarca, 2005
Figure showing Cusichaca Trusts terrace mission (Andn)
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at the heart of its latest project.
RecursosNaturales
Circuitos
Tursticos
Manejo
Pecuario Nutricin
Agricultura
Orgnica
Agricultura
Tradicional
RestauracinRiego
Andn
Organizacin
Local
La Cultura
Andina
AndnInfraestructura
Agrcola
Comercializacin
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The Potential of terraces.
Sustentainability in the face of climatic
change and rainfall patterns
The advantages of retention of humidity and
enhanced microbiologcal activity which
create microclimates
Their contribution to improving diet and
ealth through agro-ecological (organic)
cultivation
Their contribution to tourism through
enhancing the form and beauty of the
landscape
xpanding fair-trade and organic marketsfavour naturally produced foods
n the view of socio-economists, improved
social organisation could underpin an
expansion of terrace agriculture if this was
complemented with integral programmes
of rural development, for instance
utritional health and tourism.
Food production on terraces
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Prueba dePermeabilidad
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