Terms for “The War Ends”• Battle of the Bulge = US victory. Germany

exhausted and has little left to prevent Allies from entering Germany.

• Manhattan Project = Secret program to build an Atomic Bomb

• Nuremburg Trials = Nazi leaders charged with “Crimes against humanity”.

WARM UP• WHAT DID FDR AND CHURCHILL AGREE TO AT CASABLANCA?• WHAT WAS THE RESULT OF MASSIVE BOMBING CAMPAIGN OVER

GERMANY?• WHAT WAS THE RESULT OF THE ITALIAN CAMPAIGN?• WHAT AGREEMENTS WERE MADE BETWEEN CHURCHILL, FDR, AND

STALIN AT TEHRAN?• WHO DID FDR CHOOSE TO COMMAND OPERATION OVERLORD?• WHAT ARE DID THE GERMANS BELIEVE THE ALLIES WOULD MOST LIKELY

LAND IN REGARD TO THE INVASION OF EUROPE?• WHERE DID THE ALLIES LAND?• WHICH BEACH SUFFERED THE MOST CASUALTIES?• WHY WAS D-DAY SUCCESS SO VITAL TO ALLIED VICTORY?• WHAT WAS THE MILITARY STRATEGY CALLED IN REGARD TO GOING ON

THE OFFENSIVE IN THE PACIFIC?• WHAT WAS THE MOST IMPORTANT MILITARY FACTOR IN REGARD TO

ISLAND HOPPING?

WWII ENDS

SETTING THE STAGE• FIERCE FIGHTING IN BOTH EUROPE AND THE PACIFIC

DURING 1945 LED TO THE DEFEAT OF THE AXIS POWERS. THE ALLIES BEGAN WAR CRIMES TRIALS AND SET UP A GLOBAL PEACEKEEPING ORGANIZATION TO PREVENT ANOTHER GLOBAL WAR.

THE THIRD REICH COLLAPSES• HEDGEROWS SURROUNDED MANY FIELDS IN NORMANDY =

GERMANS CAN EASILY DEFEND!!• ON JULY 25, 1944, AMERICAN BOMBERS BLEW A HOLE IN

GERMAN LINES AND AMERICAN TANKS RAN THROUGH• ON AUGUST 25, THE ALLIES LIBERATED PARIS

BATTLE OF THE BULGE• HITLER STAGED LAST DESPERATE OFFENSIVE

CATCHING AMERICANS BY SURPRISE• GENERAL PATTON AND HIS TROOPS SLAMMED

INTO GERMAN LINES• WE WIN

THE WAR ENDS IN EUROPE• BY THE TIME THE BATTLE OF THE BULGE ENDS, THE

SOVIETS HAD PUSHED GERMANS OUT OF RUSSIA• SOVIETS PUSH TOWARDS BERLIN FROM EAST, AMERICANS

FROM THE WEST• SOVIET TROOPS ENTER BERLIN ON APRIL 21ST, 1945• BY APRIL 30TH, HITLER COMMITTS SUICIDE• VE DAY MAY 8, 1945

JAPAN IS DEFEATED• FDR DIES ON APRIL 12, 1945 = HARRY TRUMAN PRESIDENT• ISLAND HOPPING CAMPAIGNS GIVE US AIR SUPERIORITY,

SAVAGE COMBAT ……THE PACIFIC• US MARINES INVADE IWO JIMA TO SET UP AN AIRBASE TO

BOMB JAPAN• 6,800 MARINES DIED AT IWO JIMA, AS JAPANESE DEFENDERS

FOUGHT TO THE DEATH = BANZAI AND KAMIKAZEES

FIREBOMBING JAPAN• B-29’S DROPPED BOMBS ON JAPAN FILLED W/ NAPALM• TOKYO DESTROYED, BUT JAPAN REFUSES TO SURRENDER• MARINES INVADE OKINAWA TO SET UP A STAGING BASE FOR

INVASION OF JAPAN• 12,000 AMERICANS DIED = BLOODIEST BATTLE IN HISTORY

OF MARINES

THE MANHATTAN PROJECT• REASONS FOR DROPPING THE A-BOMB:• SAVE MILLIONS OF LIVES, BOTH AMERICAN AND JAPANESE• END THE WAR QUICKLY• THEY STARTED IT• AUG 6, 1945 A-BOMB DROPPED ON HIROSHIMA• AUG. 9 A-BOMB DROPPED ON NAGASAKI• AUG 15 – VJ DAY

BUILDING A NEW WORLD• UNITED NATIONS CREATED AFTER WWII TO PROMOTE

GLOBAL COOPERATION AND PEACE• GENERAL ASSEMBLY = EACH MEMBER NATION GETS A VOTE• SECURITY COUNCIL = 11, BUT 5 PERMANENT = GREAT

BRITAIN, FRANCE, RUSSIA, CHINA, USA = VETO POWER• SECURITY COUNCIL CAN SEND MILITARY FORCES TO

UPHOLD RESOLUTIONS OR MOVE AGAINST A NATION ACTING IN DEFIANCE OF PEACE

PUTTING THE ENEMY ON TRIAL• IN AUGUST, 1945, THE USA, BRITIAN, FRANCE, AND THE USSR

CREATED THE INTERNATIONAL MILITARY TRIBUNAL• AT THE NUREMBERG TRIALS, THE IMT TRIED GERMAN

LEADERS FOR WAR CRIMES ‘CRIMES AGAINST HUMANITY”• MANY OF THESE LEADERS WERE EXECUTED• SEVERAL JAPANESE LEADERS WERE ALSO TRIED AND

EXECUTED.

REFLECTION

• WHAT IS THE SIGNIFICANCE OF THE BATTLE OF THE HEDGEROWS?

• WHAT IS THE SIGNIFICANCE OF THE BATTLE OF THE BULGE?• WHO BECAME PRESIDENT AFTER THE DEATH OF FDR?• WHY DID AMERICAN WAR PLANNERS WANT TO INVADE THE

ISLAND OF IWO JIMA?’• WHY WAS NAPALM MORE EFFECTIVE THAN BOMBING WITH HIGH

EXPLOSIVES?• WHAT IS THE SIGNIFICANCE OF THE BATTLE OF OKINAWA?• WHAT IS THE SIGNIFICANCE OF THE MANHATTAN PROJECT?• WHAT EVENTS FINALLY FORCED JAPAN TO SURRENDER?• HOW WAS THE UNITED NATIONS DESIGNED TO PREVENT

ANOTHER GLOBAL WAR?• WHAT IS THE SIGNIFICANCE OF THE NUREMBURG TRIALS?