Boulwarismis a negotiation tactic named after General Electric's former vice president Lemuel Boulware, who pioneered the strategy. In negotiations with labour unions, it is an offer which is ultimate and to which no further revisions will be made

The contract bar doctrine provides that once a contract is executed, the National Labor Relations Board (NLRB) generally does not permit a representation election in the unit covered by the contract until the contract expires up to a 3 year limit. This rule applies to a petition by another union to represent the employees, a petition filed by the employees to decertify, or a petition filed by the employer. The contract bar doctrine is followed in determining whether or not an existing collective-bargaining contract will bar an election.Good-faith bargaining generally refers to the duty of the parties to meet and negotiate at reasonable times with willingness to reach agreement on matters within the scope of representation; however, neither party is required to make a concession or agree to any proposal.

Collective bargaining unit - Under the California Higher Education Employer-Employee Relations Act (HEERA), (link is external)a collective bargaining unit is a group of job positions/job titles with a sufficient "community of interest" that a union can reasonably represent the employees in the unit - particularly the negotiation of the employees' terms and conditions of employment.Certification election

Certification electionis a process of determining through secret ballot the sole and exclusive bargaining agent (SEBA) of all the employees in an appropriate bargaining unit for the purpose of collective bargaining.

Run off election - The two-round system (also known as the second ballot,runoffvoting or ballotage) is a voting system used toelecta single winner where the voter casts a single vote for their chosen candidate. Consent election - The Agreement forConsent Election form is then presented to the NLRB for approval. Under this type of agreement, the parties agree to the following: The employer is engaged in commerce. An appropriate bargaining unit exists.

Voluntary recognition- A union can become the exclusive bargaining agent for a group of employees in two ways. It can successfully complete the certification process. A union can also bevoluntarilyrecognized by an employer.

Azipper clausein the collective bargaining contract means that both parties waive the right to bargain during the term of the contract.Zipper clausesshould be clear and unmistakable.

Substitutionary doctrine refers to a principle in labor law which states that even during the existence of a collective bargaining agreement executed between the employer and the employees through their agent, the employees can change the said agent but the contract continues to bind them up into its expiration date. According to the doctrine, the employees cannot revoke the validly executed collective bargaining contract with their employer by the simple expedient of changing their bargaining agent. In the event, the new agent must respect the earlier contract.

Strike A work stoppage; the concerted refusal of employees to perform work that their employer has assigned to them in order to force the employer to grant certain demanded concessions, such as increased wages or improved employment conditions.

Lockout - Employer's withholding of work from employees in order to gain concession from them; it is the employers' counterpart of the employee's strike. Refusal by the employer to furnish available work to its regular employees, whether refusal is motivated by the employer's desire to protect itself against economic injury, by its desire to protect itself at the bargaining table, or by both.

Cooling off period - an interval during which two people or groups who are in disagreement can try to settle their differences before taking further action.

an interval after a sales contract is agreed upon during which the purchaser can decide to cancel without loss.

Astrikebreaker(sometimes derogatorily called a scab, blackleg, or knobstick) is a person who works despite an ongoingstrike. Strikebreakers are usually individuals who are not employed by the company prior to the trade union dispute, but rather hired after or during thestriketo keep the organization running.

The application of the hold-over principle preserves continuity in the transaction of official business and prevents a hiatus in government pending the assumption of a successor into office