INTRODUCTION

Environmentalists stress that Republic Act 9003 calls for the adoption of the best environmental practices in ecological waste management and explicitly excludes waste incineration as an ecological option. These polluting disposal facilities are major sources of greenhouse gas emissions to the atmosphere which adds to global warming. Landfills and open dumps, according to studies, account for 34 percent of human-related methane emissions to the atmosphere, a global warming gas that has 23 times more heat-trapping power than carbon dioxide. These landfills and open dumps are illegal under RA 9003. Mismanagement of waste has serious environmental consequences: ground and surface water contamination, local flooding, air pollution, exposure to toxins, and spread of disease. Many of the disposal sites contain infectious material, thus threatening sanitation workers and waste-pickers. Annual waste generation in the Philippines is expected to grow 40 percent by 2010. Improvements in recycling, collection, and disposal will become even more critical as garbage production continues to increase with population growth and economic development. Past efforts to promote waste segregation at source have minimal impact despite the presence of Republic Act 9003. Most of these were barangay, city, and municipal ordinances providing for sanctions and penalties for non-compliance. Campaigns, seminars, trainings and other different community activities were implemented with the help of various private groups or NGOs to pursue the objective of solving the garbage problem.Most people know that certain types of waste need to be disposed of in specific ways, in order to keep from contaminating the environment through improper waste disposal. Taking old paint to the hazardous facility, keeping recyclables out of the trash, and various other rules of disposal are all designed as a form of protection for the world around you. However, not everyone realizes the major consequences that can come from disregarding these rules. Everyone slips at one time or another and disposes of waste in an irresponsible way, but once youre aware of what improper waste disposal can do and once you realize the scope of the problem if everyone in the world keeps slipping once or twice youll probably pay a lot more attention to the issue. Now days, people are having problem in their environment such as air pollution, improper waste management and bio-chemicals. Now, here is a cooperative that seeks to address not only the economic and social, but also the environmental sustainability, in a living village model. Cabiao, Nueva Ecija, Philippines is home to the country's first Ecovillage. However improper waste management strikes their community. How can Cabiao manage to put a step to prevent or lessen the risk of improper waste management, moreover villagers are maintaining the beauty of their environment to prevent this kind of pollution the villagers should conduct some plans to solve their problems even the smallest problems. Thus this research will focus on how Cabiao manage to maintain the cleanliness of the environment in their community.The problem of the effective solid waste management is very important now a days and the solution of this problem is necessary not only to the safety of human environment but to human health as well. At the same time, it is necessary to underline that often a little attention is paid to this problem and the solid waste are often disposed improperly. What is more, this problem is considered to be less important than the problem of proper disposal of other types of waste, such as radioactive. However, the danger and potential threat of solid waste often remains underestimated.

OBJECTIVES

The aim of this study is to maintain the cleanliness in Cabiao and able to get manage the environmental problems. Objectives:1. To maintain the suitable environment in Cabiao.2. To help the villagers and environment to protect their natural beauty.3. To make a recommendation and conclusion, how to solve improper waste management problems in Cabiao.4. To analyze what are the major and minor cause of improper waste management in Cabiao.5. To evaluate the proposal in the operation for maintain the natural environment and cleancliness in Cabiao.6. To critically assess bulky waste operations by local authorities, including volumes/types of materials arising and current disposal/recovery routes.

DISCUSSION

WHAT IS WASTE?Waste means any substance or object which the holder discards or intends or is required to discard; includes all items that people no longer have any use for, which they either intend to get rid of or have already discarded. Additionally, wastes are such items which people are require to discard, for example by lay because of their hazardous properties. Many items can be considered as waste e.g., household rubbish, sewage sludge, wastes from manufacturing activities, packaging items, discarded cars, old televisions, garden waste, old paint containers etc. Thus all our daily activities can give rise to a large variety of different wastes arising from different sources.WHAT IS GARBAGE?Garbage is a waste what you have used. You dont need it anymore, you throw it away. But you throw it in a right way, not anyhowly. It is something which dont have any value.WHAT IS WASTE MANAGEMENT?Waste management is how you deal with the garbage after using it, you either throw it or keep the once that might be re-used again in a safe place to use it later and you also burn the ones which are not needed again. Waste management is the process of treating solid wastes and offers variety of solutions for recycling items that dont belong to trash. It is abouthow garbage can be used as a valuable resource.Waste management is something that each and every household and business owner in the world needs. Waste management disposes of the products and substances that you have use in a safe and efficient manner.According to Wikipedia, Waste management is the generation, prevention, characterization, monitoring, treatment, handling, reuse and residual disposition of solid wastes. There are various types of solid waste including municipal (residential, institutional, commercial), agricultural, and special (health care, household hazardous wastes, sewage sludge).

WHAT IS PROPER WASTE DISPOSAL?Proper waste disposal is a removal of all potentially contaminated objects (e.g., objects soaked with saliva or blood) and placement in a secure site to preventor decrease the risk of infection. WHAT IS IMPROPER WASTE DISPOSAL?Improper waste disposal is the disposal of waste in a way that has negative consequences for the environment. Examples include littering, hazardous waste that is dumped into the ground and not recycling items that should be recycled.FORMS OF WASTE Biodegradable Biodegradable are materials that decompose through bacteria, fungi, and other living organisms.. Non-biodegradable Non-biodegradable are waste materials that do not decompose for so many years like plastics.

TYPES OF WASTE Municipal Waste (including Household and Commercial)Municipal waste is generated by households, commercial activities and other sources whose activities are similar to those of households and commercial enterprises. It does not include other waste arising e.g., from mining, industrial or construction and demolition processes. Municipal waste is made up to residual waste, bulky waste, secondary materials from separate collection (e.g., paper and glass), household hazardous waste, street sweepings and litter collections. It is made up of materials such as paper, cardboard, metals, textiles, organics (food and garden waste) and wood.

Biodegradable Waste

Biodegradable Waste is waste from households and commercial activities that is capable of undergoing biological decomposition. Food waste and garden waste, paper and cardboard are all classified as biodegradable municipal waste. Alternatives to landfill include composting, mechanical-biological pre-treatment recycling and incineration (with and without energy recovery).

Agricultural waste

Agricultural waste is composed of organic wastes (animal excreta in the form of slurries and farmyard manures, spent mushroom compost, soiled water and silage effluent) and waste such as plastic, scrap machinery, fencing, pesticides, waste oils and veterinary medicines.

Recyclable Waste

Recyclables are items and materials bound for the waste stream that can be converted into a reusable material. Recyclables in healthcare include the usual suspects found in commercial buildings such as paper, cardboard, beverage and food containers, metal and glass.

Liquid Waste

Liquid waste are usually waste waters that contain less that 1 percent solid. Such waste may contain high concentrations of dissolved salts and metals. Sludge is the class of waste between liquid and solid. They usually contain between 3-25 percent solid, while the rest of material is water dissolved materials.

Hazardous waste

Hazardous or harmful wastes are those that potentially threaten public health or the environment. Such waste could be inflammable(can easily catch fire),reactive(can easily explode), corrosive(can easily eat through metal) ortoxic(poisonous to human and animals). In many countries, it is required by law to involve the appropriate authority to supervise the disposal of such hazardous waste. Examples include fire extinguishers, old propane tanks, pesticides, mercury-containing equipment (e.g, thermostats) and lamps (e.g. fluorescent bulbs) and batteries. The effect may be immediate or long term. Toxic waste may be in the form of solid, liquid and sludge. Examples are lead, and some metals found in computer and technological items. Examples include asbestos, used-up engine oils, batteries, solvents, farming chemicals, cleaning chemicals and parts of refrigerators and computers.

Construction and demolition waste

Construction and demolition waste is made up of two individual components:constructionwaste anddemolitionwaste. It arises from activities such as the construction of buildings and civil infrastructure, total or partial demolition of buildings and civil infrastructure, road planning and maintenance. In some countries even materials from land leveling are regarded as construction and demolition waste.

It is made up of numerous materials including concrete, bricks, wood, glass, metals, plastic, solvents, asbestos and excavated soil, many of which can be recycled in one way or another.

WASTE TREATMENT AND DISPOSAL METHODS

When most people thing aboutsolid waste management, the final resting place, typically thelandfill, comes to mind. The very important and final phase of waste management is systematic treatment and disposal. Waste treatment can also rightfully be regarded as a preceding phase of waste disposal as waste treatment techniques, reducing the volume and toxicity, seeks to transform all sorts of waste into more convenient form for disposal. Normally, waste treatment and disposal methods are selected and used based on form, composition and quantity of waste materials.

Recycling

Recycling refers to the removal of items from the waste stream to be used as raw materials in the manufacture of new products. Thus from this definition recycling occurs in three phases: first the waste is sorted and recyclables collected, the recyclables are used to create raw materials. These raw materials are then used in the production of new products. The sorting of recyclables may be done at the source (i.e. within the household or office) for selective collection by the municipality or to be dropped off by the waste producer at a recycling centre. The pre-sorting at the source requires public participation which may not be forthcoming if there are no benefits to be derived. Also a system of selective collection by the government can be costly. It would require more frequent circulation of trucks within a neighborhood or the importation of more vehicles to facilitate the collection. Another option is to mix the recyclables with the general waste stream for collection and then sorting and recovery of the recyclable materials can be performed by the municipality at a suitable site. The sorting by the municipality has the advantage of eliminating the dependence on the public and ensuring that the recycling does occur. The disadvantage however, is that the value of the recyclable materials is reduced since being mixed in and compacted with other garbage can have adverse effects on the quality of the recyclable material.

Composting

Composting is created from the decomposition of landscape and food wastes. In a finished product, it is a dark, crumbly and earthy smelling material that appears similar to soil. It is a biological process in which micro-organisms, mainly fungi and bacteria, convert degradable organic waste into humus like substance. This finished product, which looks like soil, is high in carbon and nitrogen and is an excellent medium for growing plants.The process of composting ensures the waste that is produced in the kitchens is not carelessly thrown and left to rot. It recycles the nutrients and returns them to the soil as nutrients. Apart from being clean, cheap, and safe, composting can significantly reduce the amount of disposable garbage.The organic fertilizer can be used instead of chemical fertilizers and is better specially when used for vegetables. It increases the soils ability to hold water and makes the soil easier to cultivate. It helped the soil retain more of the plant nutrients.Vermi-composting has become very popular in the last few years. In this method, worms are added to the compost. These help to break the waste and the added excreta of the worms makes the compost very rich in nutrients.To make a compost pit, you have to select a cool, shaded corner of the garden or the school compound and dig a pit, which ideally should be 3 feet deep. This depth is convenient for aerobic composting as the compost has to be turned at regular intervals in this process. Preferably the pit should be lined with granite or brick to prevent nitrite pollution of the subsoil water, which is known to be highly toxic. Each time organic matter is added to the pit it should be covered with a layer of dried leaves or a thin layer of soil which allows air to enter the pit thereby preventing bad odour. At the end of 45 days, the rich pure organic matter is ready to be used. Composting some benefits: Compost allows the soil to retain more plant nutrients over a longer period. It supplies part of the 16 essential elements needed by the plants. It helps reduce the adverse effects of excessive alkalinity, acidity, or the excessive use of chemical fertilizer. It makes soil easier to cultivate. It helps keep the soil cool in summer and warm in winter. It aids in preventing soil erosion by keeping the soil covered. It helps in controlling the growth of weeds in the garden.Using compost on site can save the grounds department money by reducing their need to buy mulch, fertilizer, and pesticides, since compost improves soils water retention, aeration, and adds lost nutrients.

Sanitary Land Filling

In a sanitary landfill, garbage is spread out in thin layers, compacted and covered with clay or plastic foam. In the modern landfills the bottom is covered with an impermeable liner, usually several layers of clay, thick plastic and sand. The liner protects the ground water from being contaminated due to percolation of leachate.Leachate from bottom is pumped and sent for treatment. When landfill is full it is covered with clay, sand, gravel and top soil to prevent seepage of water. Several wells are drilled near the landfill site to monitor if any leakage is contaminating ground water. Methane produced by anaerobic decomposition is collected and burnt to produce electricity or heat. Sanitary Landfills Site Selection: Should be above the water table, to minimize interaction with groundwater. Preferably located in clay or silt. Do not want to place in a rock quarry, as water can leech through the cracks inherent in rocks into a water fracture system. Do not want to locate in sand or gravel pits, as these have high leeching. Unfortunately, most of Long Island is sand or gravel, and many landfills are located in gravel pits, after they were no longer being used. Do not want to locate in a flood plain. Most garbage tends to be less dense than water, so if the area of the landfill floods, the garbage will float to the top and wash away downstream.A large number of adverse impacts may occur from landfill operations. These impacts can vary: Fatal accidents (e.g., scavengers buried under waste piles). Infrastructure damage (e.g., damage to access roads by heavy vehicles). Pollution of the local environment (such as contamination of groundwater and/or aquifers by leakage and residual soil contamination during landfill usage, as well as after landfill closure). Off gassing of methane generated by decaying organic wastes (methane is a greenhouse gas many times more potent than carbon dioxide, and can itself be a danger to inhabitants of an area). Harbouring of disease vectors such as rats and flies, particularly from improperly operated landfills.The Landfill is the most popularly used method of waste disposal used today. This process of waste disposal focuses attention on burying the waste in the land. Landfills are found in all areas. There is a process used that eliminates the odors and dangers of waste before it is placed into the ground. While it is true this is the most popular form of waste disposal it is certainly far from the only procedure and one that may also bring with it an assortment of space.This method is becoming less these days although, thanks to the lack of space available and the strong presence of methane and other landfill gases, both of which can cause numerous contamination problems. Many areas are reconsidering the use of landfills. Incineration/Combustion

Incineration is one of the most common waste treatments. The term incinerates means to burn something until nothing is left but ashes. An incinerator is constructed of heavy, well-insulated materials, so that it does not give off extreme amounts of external heat. This involves combustion of waste material in the presence of oxygen. The incineration process converts wastes into ash, flue, gas, water vapor and carbon dioxide. This thermal treatment method is commonly used as a means of recovering energy to be used in the supply of electricity or heating. This method has a number of advantages such as it quickly reduces waste volume, lessens transportation costs and decreases harmful greenhouse gas emission it is a type disposal methodin which municipal solid wastes are burned at high temperatures so as to convert theminto residue and gaseous products. The biggest advantage of this type of method is that it can reduce the volumeof solid waste to 20 to 30 percent of the original volume,decreases the space they take upand reduce the stress onlandfills. This process is also known as thermal treatment where solid waste materials are converted byIncinerators into heat, gas, steam and ash. Incineration and other high temperature waste treatment systems are sometimes described as thermal treatment.

Pyrolysis

Pyrolysis is a form of incineration that chemically decomposes organic materials by heat in the absence of oxygen. Pyrolysis typically occurs under pressure and at operating temperatures above 430 C (800 F).In practice, it is not possible to achieve a completely oxygen-free atmosphere. Because some oxygen is present in any pyrolysis system, a small amount of oxidation occurs. If volatile or semi-volatile materials are present in the waste, thermal desorption will also occur.Organic materials are transformed into gases, small quantities of liquid, and a solid residue containing carbon and ash. The off-gases may also be treated in a secondary thermal oxidation unit. Particulate removal equipment is also required. Several types of pyrolysis units are available, including the rotary kiln, rotary hearth furnace, and fluidized bed furnace. These units are similar to incinerators except that they operate at lower temperatures and with less air supply.Limitations and Concerns: The technology requires drying of soil prior to treatment. Limited performance data are available for systems treating hazardous wastes containing polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), dioxins, and other organics. There is concern that systems that destroy chlorinated organic molecules by heat have the potential to create products of incomplete combustion, including dioxins and furans. These compounds are extremely toxic in the parts per trillion ranges. The molten salt is usually recycled in the reactor chamber. However, depending on the waste treated (especially in-organics) and the amount of ash, spent molten salt may be hazardous and require special care in disposal. Pyrolysis is not effective in either destroying or physically separating in organics from the contaminated medium. Volatile metals may be removed as a result of the higher temperatures associated with the process, but they are not destroyed. By-products containing heavy metals may require stabilization before final disposal. When the off-gases are cooled, liquids condense, producing an oil/tar residue and contaminated water. These oils and tars may be hazardous wastes, requiring proper treatment, storage, and disposal.

CAUSES OF IMPROPER WASTE MANAGEMENTOne of these critical issues is with regard to the mismanagement of garbage and waste which causes other types of environmental disasters such as flooding, erosion, landslides and other dangers on landfills and dumpsites that include health concerns among the people living nearby. Unfortunately, one of the highest number of solid waste generated in the world yet, still has no sustainable and effective waste disposal facility. What is even more alarming is the fact that the rate of increase in the amount of garbage or waste produced on a daily basis significantly increases. Apparently, most landfills and garbage dumpsites filled up very fast. As such, there is a great danger that may run out of proper dumpsites and waste facilities that will ultimately lead to further environmental and human hazards. Some causes of Improper Waste management: Lack of dumping sites where to deposit the solid waste. This is because the issue of waste management is new in the country. It wasn't considered to be a problem before. Ignorance of the masses about the need to dispose of these wastes well and how to dispose of them (the wastes) off. There is lack of enough literacy program on Waste management which leaves most of the people backward on waste management. This is because of poor or no sensitization of the masses by the government and other organizations. Inefficient collection methods which is mainly due to lack of funds to provide the necessary machinery. Machinery like the trucks that carry the waste from the various areas have poor covering systems such that even the waste goes on leaking on the road while being transported, and even there are few places with proper garbage containers or at times the containers are over flooded when there are rain showers. Poor government attitude towards waste management. From a citizen's point of view, it is realize that very little money from the government is directed towards waste management, with most of it going towards industrialization. This leads to poor purchase of collecting equipment. Another cause is the poverty. This undoubtedly leads to masses buying cheap non bio-degradable containers which are not easy to dispose off, and also substitutes like paper bags are not easily available to the rural poor areas. Also the low expense of these solid wastes especially polythene bags which are very cheap as compared to other containers makes them very common, which makes their proper disposal very difficult. Lack of trained manpower/personnel to deal with garbage collecting machinery and to ensure the proper disposal of the solid waste for example door to door collectors in most advanced countries. Lack of recycling facilitates in most parts of the country for instance most of the polythene bags used are not recycled by the manufacturing industries. There isno voluntary work. People don't work together as a community for the betterment of the environment. Voluntary organizations such as scouts put little emphasis in such activities.EFFECTS OF IMPROPER WASTE DISPOSAL

Due to the poor management of waste from households, the following are some of the effects on the population and the environment; Soil contamination Soil Contamination is a result of dumping garbage, waste, and other toxins making the land contaminated or polluted. The source of soil contamination comes from the human element such as littering, and waste that is washed ashore from boats, oil rigs, and sewage outlets. Soil contamination can be seen as a problem at several levels. The contaminants can end up in plants which are growing in the soil; the groundwater which interacts with and goes underneath the soil can become contaminated as a result of soil contamination; animals that eat the vegetation growing in the soil can absorb contaminants as well. Similarly, when humans eat plants grown in these soils, they can absorb contaminants which were present in the soil, and then in the plants.EFFECTS OF SOIL CONTAMINATION Some of the effects that soil contamination leaves behind are obvious ones, such as unsightly piles of garbage, landfills and loss of environments surrounding new construction. Many of the worst effects are actually less obvious to the eye. Chemical Effects on Life

One of the biggest threats to the eco-system caused by is chemical contamination. Plastics, toxins in wastes like anti-freeze and other chemicals seep into the ground where they remain. Many modern day chemicals and materials either do not biodegrade or break down, or if they do, thenbreak down into smaller chemical particles. These particles poison the ground itself. Plants growing in the ground, animals that eat the plants and even humans are all affected by these chemicals. This can lead to the loss of some types of plant and animal life as well as create long-term health problems such as cancer in humans. Damaging Effects to the Land

When soil contamination is bad enough, it damages the soil. This means that plants may fail to grow there, robbing the eco-system of a food source for animals. Eco-systems may also be upset by pollution when the soil fails to sustain native plants, but can still support other vegetation. Invasive weeds that choke off the remaining sources of native vegetation can spring up in areas that have been weakened by pollution.

Air pollutionThe open burning of waste causes air pollution or greenhouse effect, for example burning of rubber and plastic.Landfill gas (which is produced by the decomposition of wastes) which can be explosive and may harm people around on it if it is allowed to accumulate in confined spaces (such as the cellars of buildings).Methane gas (one of the main components of landfill gas) is much more effective than carbon dioxide as a greenhouse gas, leading to climate change that may effect of destruction of atmosphere of the earth or abnormality of weather condition.Fires on disposal sites can cause major air pollution, causing illness like cancer and reducing visibility or may lead in eye irritating thus making disposal sites dangerously unstable may cause explosions of cans, and possibly spreading to adjacent properties.Air pollution across much of the globe is significantly underestimated because no one is tracking open-fire burning of trash. The uncontrolled burning of trash is a major source of pollutants, and its one that should receive more attention. Quantifying the extent of burning trash may change how policy makers track emissions, as well as how scientists incorporate air pollution into computer models used to study the atmosphere. Water Surface Contamination

Liquid wasted like domestic washings, chemicals, oils, waste water ponds, manufacturing industries, hospital waste, agricultural waste, nuclear waste and other resources. Solid wastes thrown in streets, highways, and waterways can cause pollution when they are carried off by rainwater run-offs or by flood water to the main streams or drainage, as they contaminating residues will reach larger bodies of water.Wastes that end up in water bodies negatively change the chemical composition of the water. Technically, this is called water pollution. This will affect allecosystemsexisting in the water. It can also cause harm to animals that drink from such polluted water. Toxin release Improper waste removal of plastics, batteries and electronic waste allows toxin to be release on the environment. Hazardous chemicals poured on the ground can be absorbed by plants and eaten by animals. Loss of resources Improper waste removal prevents resources from being reused. This means heavier reliance on virgin materials which require more energy to manufacture. Release of greenhouse gasesImproperly disposed waste releases greenhouses gases into the environment. Heat trapping on earth causes abnormality of weather condition like more storm or typhoon coming per year Eyesore Waste is not only ugly and waste buildup can devalue the land around it, which impacts the businesses and tourism around the area. And put the residents health at stake. Threat to animals and marine lifeLiquid waste dumped into bodies of water can threaten marine life and animals who come in contact with the water. When waste forms a cluster or algal bloom like red tide, the area can suffocate and contaminate sea bottom habitats such as coral and fish reducing their numbers. Contamination not only destroys marine habitat but they also affect human consumption as fish and shellfish feast off of contaminated areas. Sickness and diseases There are multiple ways improperwaste removalcan result in the spread of sickness and diseases. Waste matter carries bacteria and viruses that are high risk causes of disease like hepatitis, HIV, tuberculosis and more. Waste can also act as a food source or breeding ground for pathogens via rats, birds and insects and can infect larger population.DESEASES CAUSED BY IMPROPER WASTE DISPOSAL

There are multiple ways that improper disposal can result in the spread of disease. The first of these is by introducing pathogens into the environment. This is when bacteria or viruses are transported in the waste and introduced to new areas. There is a chance that perhaps a human may be exposed to the waste. More likely, though, is that another animal, such as a rat or bird, may be exposed to the pathogen and then return to a larger population infected. This can create diseased populations that can spread the disease, possibly to other species. The other way that improper disposal of some wastes can result in the spread of disease is from waste acting as a food source or breeding ground for pathogens that might not have reached such high population otherwise. This creates a very specific risk when the waste is human biological material or other bio-waste. Bacteria and viruses are high-risk causes of disease that are found in some waste. Of particular concern are viruses that cause hepatitis and HIV and bacteria that cause tuberculosis. These are more commonly found in medical environments but may exist in common waste and can grow in bio-waste from any source.

Harmful Effects of Improper Disposal of Waste

1.Improper ways of disposing of waste can be harmful to the environment.2.It can cause pollution to the environment.3.Open burning of rubbish and agricultural wastecan cause haze.4.Smoke released from factories and motor vehiclescan pollute the air.5.Chemical substances and other toxic materials released from factories and agricultural activitiescan pollute the rivers.6.Improper disposal of wastewill make the environment dirty and untidy.7.A dirty environment is unhealthy to live in.8.Improper disposal of waste can cause: air pollution water pollution sickness and diseases acid rain flash floods

POSSIBLE SOLUTIONS FOR SOLID WASTE Waste Reduction: Stop Throwing Things OutA simple and obvious choice is to cut back on the amount of waste by using and throwing out less in the first place. Some states have adopted regulatory strategies to discourage dependence on landfills. Waste Reduction: Use Less PackagingPackaging is one of the major sources of waste paper and plasticsPackaging should be minimal. Its production should be environmentally clean and it should be made up of materials that can be reused or recycled repeatedly. Some packaging is purposely elaborate to make the contents more attractive--cosmetics are notorious for this. Smart buyers can support the use of environmentally friendly packaging by purchasing products with minimal packaging or with packaging made of recycled or recyclable materials. Recycling: Turning Waste Material into Raw MaterialRecycling works and it does so in several ways. It reduces the monetary and environmental costs of landfilling and incineration. It substitutes used materials for virgin materials, thereby reducing the demand for natural resources. It conserves energy. And it creates jobs in the community.

PROBLEM: IMPROPER WASTE DISPOSAL IN THE MUNICIPALITY OF CABIAO

The primary purpose of this study is to analyze and manage a plan how to maintain the Cabiaos cleanliness. And able to help the villagers on how they can prevent or lessen the waste disposal problems and other types of environmental problems. The improper management of waste causes serious environmental problems in terms of air, water and land pollution. This study will be focused on improper waste disposal in Cabiao and its possible health effects.

BACKGROUNDCabiaois a first class partially urbanmunicipalityin theprovinceofNueva Ecija,Philippines. According to the 2010 census, it has a population of 72,081. Cabiao is located at the southwestern part of Nueva Ecija being the last town going to Pampanga. It borders the municipalities of San Isidroin the province ofNueva Ecija. Cabiao is politically subdivided into 23barangays. Bagong Buhay/Lote Bagong Sikat Bagong Silang Concepcion/Asyenda Entablado Maligaya (urban)0 Natividad North (urban) Natividad South (urban) Palasinan (suburban) San Antonio/Pantalan San Fernando Norte San Fernando Sur (suburban) San Gregorio (suburban) San Juan North (urban) San Juan South (urban) San Roque (suburban) San Vicente Santa Rita Sinipit Polilio (Libis) San Carlos Santa Isabel Santa InesThe Municipality of Cabiao that unfortunately has a number of important environmental issues which need to be deal with. One of these issues is with regard to the mismanagement of garbage and wastes which can causes other types of environmental disasters such as flooding, erosion, and other dangers on landfills and dumpsites that include health concerns among the people living nearby. Unfortunately, Cabiao, still has no sustainable and effective waste disposal facility. Given the perennial garbage problems in the Cabiao which harm the environment, waste management is indeed a necessary step to resolve and minimize all garbage-related problems in Cabiao.

Improper disposal of waste as pertains in Cabiao is of much concern for several reasons. Garbage is found littered on streets and other open spaces in the community. Residents do not take the pains to dump their garbage into the wrong place. Some of those who take garbage to plastic bags simply discard on the ground rather than into the proper way. The study was aimed primarily at unearthing the underlying factors accounting for the poor waste management situation within the Cabiao as well as suggesting practical and reliable solutions, based on the outcome of the study regarding what was found to be most plausible factors contributing to the problem. In the longer perspective we need to draw the attention of concerned authorities to appropriate policies, which can be implemented and what actions can be taken to achieve safe and sustainable waste management systems. The ever-increasing population and rapid urbanization in the region cause the proliferation of waste. At the same time the complex relationship between waste generation, sustainable development, sustainable livelihood and environmental protection calls for an integrated approach that takes all aspects into consideration. We have since long passed the stage where waste can only be seen as an environmental problem, says Mayor Gloria Crespo Congco. There are economic and social factors as well, that need to be integrated in the approach to waste management in any modern society. It is our call to assist Governments in the region to seek long-term solutions to this matter.The figure below shows the indiscriminate waste disposal in Cabiao, Nueva Ecija.

Most Kabyawenyos know that certain types of waste need to be disposed in specific ways, in order to keep from contaminating the environment through improper waste disposal. But they are still throwing their garbage along the road side and even in the open spaces/vacant lot.

The residents of Cabiao are throwing their Garbage on the Drainage and Irrigations. When garbage are dumped in the drainage channels and gutters, they block the flow of the sewerage. This may cause flooding. At the same time, solid wastes also affect soil drainage which hinders the growing of crops.

Trash burning on the dumpsite in Conception Cabiao Nueva Ecija may cause Air Pollution that can affect human health. Uncontrolled damping of solid waste can lead to wastage of land where we find lots of land being used as damping sites for wastes. These same pieces of land are later on neglected by the inhabitants of the area.Furthermore, under the impact of natural factors and in the result of improper disposal practices, solid waste may have negative impact on environment and human health causing various types of health problems. Naturally, this risk decreases if solid waste is disposed properly since the conditions of its disposal prevent the waste from emissions of some dangerous gases or other products as well as from other dangerous reactions that may occur under the impact of external factors or simply under the impact of time when solid waste simply start to change or partially decay causing a profound impact on the surrounding nature and people living in the area.

CONCLUSIONThus, taking into account all above mentioned, it is possible to conclude that solid waste need to be disposed properly in order to minimize its negative impact on human health and environme0nt.Often, municipal government is considered to be responsible for the environmental situation in the area and, especially for the waste disposal problem. Naturally, due to such a view on the power of municipal government it is often believed that it can solve the problem of the waste disposal problems effectively. However, it is not always so and, in actuality, it is necessary to remember that municipal government is not community itself, it only governs but it cannot fully control all actions of local people.In fact, speaking about the possible effectiveness of municipal government in the solution of the problem of the household hazardous waste, it is necessary to underline that it can really undertake steps and establish a larger control over the household hazardous waste. Nevertheless, the efforts of municipal government, whatever effective they are, cannot resolve this problem totally. What is mean here is the fact that, in order to solve this problem effectively, it is necessary to primarily eliminate the cause of the problem. In the case of the household hazardous waste, the cause is the local population or, to put it more precisely, those people or households that are not responsible enough to assist to the effective recycling and processing of wastes. In such a situation, it is necessary to underline that enforcement may work only to a certain level to the extent that people simply want to avoid some material punishment for the household hazardous waste, for instance. However, it will not fully solve the problem. In this respect, it is possible to recommend the use of educational programs, involving children and informing them about the negative consequences of the household hazardous waste as well as it is necessary to conduct a public campaign against such waste simply informing people about its dangerous effects. In other words, it is necessary to make people more conscious of the consequences of their actions and effects of the household hazardous waste that will solve this problem more effectively than any restrictive measures.

Recycling and processing of wastes is really important, especially nowadays, when the environment pollution is growing creating a serious threat to human health. It should be pointed out that landfill expansion traditionally provokes a strong opposition from the part of the community since it increases the risk of being affected by the wastes. On the other hand, often there is practically no other choice but to expand landfills because many communities grow, industry progresses and the quantity of wastes is constantly increasing. In such a situation, there are few alternatives to landfills expansion. This is why the primary task of the operators of such facilities is to make them really safe to the health of people living nearbyAlso, it should be said that the improper disposal of wastes also increases the costs of environment protection to the local community, while proper disposal of waste can make the use of funds more effective and improve the ecological situation. In fact, the ignorance of the problem of improper disposal of waste leads to the gradual deterioration of the ecological situation negatively influencing both human health and environment.Naturally, it is impossible to ignore this problem and, therefore, it is necessary to develop really effective technologies and methodology of the disposal of solid waste in order to minimize their negative effects on health and environment. Otherwise, the problem will be growing more and more serious to the extent that it may even lead to an environmental catastrophe if the proper disposal of waste is ignored.The health effects connected to improper waste disposal are many and habitants living close to illegal dumpsites, open burning or illegally dumped waste are easily affected. Since the groups interviewed in this study were all very aware of the waste situation in their surroundings and the risks for several different health effects I conclude the situation is in immediately need for a plan of action.

This is something really scary because I dont know what would happen to the Philippines in the future. With simple things like cleaning up garbage cant be done, what more for bigger things.

RECOMMENDATIONCertain household products become hazardous when used, stored or disposed off incorrectly. If disposed of with regular household waste, they end up in landfills where they can seep into the soil and contaminate the groundwater. Flushing these types of materials down a toilet or drain can interfere with waste treatment processes, contaminate the effluent that runs into the ocean and affect the bio-solids used as fertilizer. Waste left in the street typically enters storm drains and washes out near water ways.We do have some sustainable recommended solutions, options that let us meet our current needs and provide for future generations as well. Here are some recommendations to lessen the waste disposal problems in Cabiao, Nueva Ecija. Instead of simply throwing everything away in trash, get in the habit of recycling what can be reused or remade. Metal, paper products, certain plastics, motor oil, electronics, appliances, mattresses, wood, rubber, glass and other things can all be recycled. In some cases you have to pay to have it hauled away. Other things people will gladly remove from your recycling pile on the street. If everything that could be recycled was recycled across the board, the aggregate trash amount would be drastically reduced every year. Having a home garbage disposal reduces landfill waste by pulverizing food waste and washing it down the drain. The food waste does not become liquid, but it is altered enough not to ruin sewer pipes. A garbage disposal is a step in the right direction, but it solves less than half of the problem. Plenty of waste gets thrown away even with a disposal. Not only that, but also the materials that can be put down a garbage disposal would be better used in a compost pile. Taking all of your organic food scraps including coffee grounds and eggshells (excluding meat, bones, skin and lard) and throwing it in layers on compost pile eventually breaks it down and becomes nutrient-rich fertilizer. You must keep the amounts in proportion and add grass clippings and other yard debris as well, but when done right you are helping to complete the cycle of life. This is one of the best ways to dispose of (food) waste. We suggest that the Cabiao Local Government Unit should strictly implement the Ecological Solid Waste Management Act particularly the provision on segregation at source. Separating the biodegradables from the non-biodegradables already takes care of 50% of the waste. Further segregation of recyclables is likely to take care of another 40% or more, leaving only 10% or less that needs to be managed and lasting solution found and also train and invest on waste-pickers to educate them on how to properly handle waste. This will not only uplift their morale, but will also ensure their health and safety.

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