Tensor decompositionbased unsupervised feature extraction identified the universal nature of...

19
Tensor decomposition-based unsupervised feature extraction identified the universal nature of sequence-non-specific off-target regulation of mRNA mediated by microRNA transfection Y-h. Taguchi Department of Physics, Chuo University Tokyo, Japan

Transcript of Tensor decompositionbased unsupervised feature extraction identified the universal nature of...

Page 1: Tensor decompositionbased unsupervised  feature extraction identified the universal  nature of sequencenonspecific offtarget  regulation of mRNA mediated by microRNA  transfection

Tensor decomposition­based unsupervised feature extraction identified the universal nature of sequence­non­specific off­target 

regulation of mRNA mediated by microRNA transfection

Y­h. Taguchi

Department of Physics, Chuo UniversityTokyo, Japan

Page 2: Tensor decompositionbased unsupervised  feature extraction identified the universal  nature of sequencenonspecific offtarget  regulation of mRNA mediated by microRNA  transfection

Bian and Sun, “Noncoding RNAs in Neural Stem Cell Development” in “ Neural Stem Cells and Therapy”

What is miRNAs?

DICERDICER

Page 3: Tensor decompositionbased unsupervised  feature extraction identified the universal  nature of sequencenonspecific offtarget  regulation of mRNA mediated by microRNA  transfection

Many miRNA transfection experimentsPrincipal Purpose

Identification of mRNAs targeted by transfected miRNAs

On the other hands, there are many mRNAs associated with gene expression alteration caused by miRNA transfection, but not targeted by but not targeted by transfected miRNA.transfected miRNA.    sequence­non­specific →

off­target regulation of mRNA mediated by microRNA

Page 4: Tensor decompositionbased unsupervised  feature extraction identified the universal  nature of sequencenonspecific offtarget  regulation of mRNA mediated by microRNA  transfection

mRNA

Mechanism of sequence­non­specific off­target regulation

Protein

TransfectedmiRNAs

Dis­function

miRNAs

Page 5: Tensor decompositionbased unsupervised  feature extraction identified the universal  nature of sequencenonspecific offtarget  regulation of mRNA mediated by microRNA  transfection

Method = identification of commonly altered mRNAs

miRNA 1

Off­target

Transfected

miRNA 2

miRNA 4

miRNA 5

miRNA 6

miRNA 3

mRNA 

target

commonly altered mRNAs

Page 6: Tensor decompositionbased unsupervised  feature extraction identified the universal  nature of sequencenonspecific offtarget  regulation of mRNA mediated by microRNA  transfection

How to identify commonly altered mRNAsHow to identify commonly altered mRNAs

Tensor decomposition (TD) unsupervised feature extraction (FE)

Q:What is TD?

A: Extension of matrix factorization to tensor.

xijk = ∑l1,l2,l3 G(l1,l2,l3)xl1i xl2j xl3k

ik j

xijk

Tensor

l2

l1

l3

GCore tensor ixl1i

j

xl2j

k xl3kSingular 

value matrix

Page 7: Tensor decompositionbased unsupervised  feature extraction identified the universal  nature of sequencenonspecific offtarget  regulation of mRNA mediated by microRNA  transfection

miR

NA

 (M)

Contr ol

Treated

N0---2

N0---2

miRNA non­specific regulation

miRNA specific regulation

Expression tensor

R N M 2

TD Control

Treated

miRNA independent expression

mRNA (N

)

1­P

P­values computed with assuming Gaussian for mRNA singular value vector

Synthetic dataSynthetic data

Successful identification of commonly regulated mRNAs

Page 8: Tensor decompositionbased unsupervised  feature extraction identified the universal  nature of sequencenonspecific offtarget  regulation of mRNA mediated by microRNA  transfection

What is PCA based unsupervised FE?

 N features

Categorical multiclasses

In contrast to usual usage of PCA, not samples but features are embedded into Q dimensional space.

PC

A

PC1

samplesPC Loadings

M samplesN × M Matrix X (numerical values)

PC2

PC1

PC Score

++ ++ +

+++

++ ++ ++

+

No distinction between classes

Page 9: Tensor decompositionbased unsupervised  feature extraction identified the universal  nature of sequencenonspecific offtarget  regulation of mRNA mediated by microRNA  transfection

Synthetic example

10 samples10 samples

90 features 10 featuresN(0)N()

[N()+N(0)]/2

+:Top 10 outliersThus, extracting outliers selects features distinct between two classes in an unsupervised way.Accuracy:(100 trials)Accuracy:(100 trials) 89.5% ( 52.6% (

PC1

PC2

Normal μ:mean Distribution ½ :SD

Page 10: Tensor decompositionbased unsupervised  feature extraction identified the universal  nature of sequencenonspecific offtarget  regulation of mRNA mediated by microRNA  transfection

Real data (from gene expression omnibus)Real data (from gene expression omnibus)Transfected miRNAcell lines (cancer)

Page 11: Tensor decompositionbased unsupervised  feature extraction identified the universal  nature of sequencenonspecific offtarget  regulation of mRNA mediated by microRNA  transfection

Results for exp 4Results for exp 4

Cont rol

Treated

miRNA independent expression

Page 12: Tensor decompositionbased unsupervised  feature extraction identified the universal  nature of sequencenonspecific offtarget  regulation of mRNA mediated by microRNA  transfection

Results for exp 1Results for exp 1

Gens singular value vectorsfirst

second

miRNA non­specific regulation

miRNA specific regulation

Page 13: Tensor decompositionbased unsupervised  feature extraction identified the universal  nature of sequencenonspecific offtarget  regulation of mRNA mediated by microRNA  transfection

Genes (~102) selected in each of eleven experiments are significantly overlappedP­value

Odds ratio

Page 14: Tensor decompositionbased unsupervised  feature extraction identified the universal  nature of sequencenonspecific offtarget  regulation of mRNA mediated by microRNA  transfection

Genes (~102) selected in each of eleven experiments share significantly the TF target genes.

Genes  selected in each of eleven experiments

                 TFs whose target genes are enriched in selected genes 

TF

Page 15: Tensor decompositionbased unsupervised  feature extraction identified the universal  nature of sequencenonspecific offtarget  regulation of mRNA mediated by microRNA  transfection

Genes (~102) selected in each of eleven experimentsare enriched in common KEGG [(i)~(x)] pathways

Page 16: Tensor decompositionbased unsupervised  feature extraction identified the universal  nature of sequencenonspecific offtarget  regulation of mRNA mediated by microRNA  transfection

10 KEGG pathways 10 KEGG pathways (i) Ribosome:hsa03010, (ii) Alzheimer’s disease:hsa05010, (iii) Parkinson’s disease:hsa05012, (iv) Oxidative phosphorylation:hsa00190, (v) Pathogenic Escherichia Coli infection:hsa05130,(vi) Huntington’s disease:hsa05016, (vii) Cardiac muscle contraction:hsa04260,(viii) Non­alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD):hsa04932, (ix) Protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum:hsa04141, (x) Proteoglycans in cancer:hsa05205.

Although more biological validations were performed, they are omitted here because of lack of time. Anyway, selected genes are obviously biologically similar. 

Page 17: Tensor decompositionbased unsupervised  feature extraction identified the universal  nature of sequencenonspecific offtarget  regulation of mRNA mediated by microRNA  transfection

Number of experiments →

Number of miRNAs  Rank

Although there are no direct evidences that  selected genes are really regulated by sequence­non­specific off­target   effects, there are some indirect evidences.

Genes selected more frequently among eleven experiments are targeted by more miRNAs 

Genes targeted by more miRNAs  are more likely affected by sequence­non­specific off­target  effect 

Page 18: Tensor decompositionbased unsupervised  feature extraction identified the universal  nature of sequencenonspecific offtarget  regulation of mRNA mediated by microRNA  transfection

Genes selected in eleven experiments are significantly overlapped with ….. Upper :  genes whose expression is reported to be altered by 16 DICER KO experiments in Enrichr.Lower:   genes that bind to DICER (IP experiments).

Page 19: Tensor decompositionbased unsupervised  feature extraction identified the universal  nature of sequencenonspecific offtarget  regulation of mRNA mediated by microRNA  transfection

Conclusions

We have identified mRNAs regulated by sequence­non­specific off­target effect mediated by microRNA transfection, over eleven experiments. 

They are significantly overlapped with one another over eleven experiments.

They are enriched in various biological terms and concepts.

They are overlapped with genes associated with altered expression by DICER KO and genes that bind to DICER.