The timeline

The exact point(moment)of action

The approach to the action ,

*No point of action!

V1 V2 V3 V4

Regular verbsThe Infinitive

Ved VedPresent

Participle(Ving)

Irregular verbs

Past Simple Past Participle

Time

Aspect of Time

Past Present Future

Will (Will+not ->Won’t)

Future in the Past

Would(Would+not ->Wouldn’t)

SimpleDo+V1

Do -> Did + Did V2

3d per.s. +s(es)+ Do V1

Will + V1 Would + V1-The formula

?

-The formula

?

ProgressiveBe+V4

WasWere + V4

AmIs + V4Are

Will be+V4 Would be + V4

PerfectHave+V3

Have -> Had+ Have + V3

3d per.s. -> HasHave + V3

Will have + V3 Would have + V3-The formula

?

-The formula

?

PerfectProgressiveHave been+V4

Have -> Had+ Have been+V4

3d per.s. -> Has+ Have been +V4

Will have been +V4

Would have been +V4-

The formula?

-The formula

?

Time

Aspect of Time

Past Present Future

Will (Will+not ->Won’t)

Future in the Past

Would(Would+not->Wouldn’t)

SimpleBe+V3

Was+ V3

Were

AmIs + V3Are

Will be + V3 Would + V3

ProgressiveBe being+V4

Was+being+V3

Were

AmIs being+ V3Are

Will be being + V3

Would be + V3

PerfectHave been+V3

Have -> Had+Had been + V3

3d per.s. ->Has+Have been +V3

Will have been + V3

Would have been+ V3

PerfectProgressiveHave been+V4

Have -> Had+ Have been+V4

3d per.s.->Has+ Have been+V4 Will have

been + V4Would have been

+V4

*The formulae in green are non-existent

Adding to final E

Adding to final Y

Adding to final C

Other cases

ED-ending `E` - usually dropped

Y -> I if Y - alone after a consonant

final C -> CK to keep the sound [k]

final single consonant x2 (doubled)

ING-ending no changes