Tenses

TENSES

TENSES• SIMPLE • CONTINUOUS / PROGRESSIVE• PERFECT / PARTICPLE• PERFECT CONTINUOUS

PRESENT

• SIMPLE• CONTINUOUS / PROGRESSIVE• PERFECT / PARTICPLE• PERFECT CONTINUOUS

PAST

• SIMPLE• CONTINUOUS / PROGRESSIVE• PERFECT / PARTICPLE• PERFECT CONTINUOUS

FUTURE

SIMPLE PRESENT MEANING•describe an action that’s happening at

present.•express general statements of facts and

general truth.•talking about present feelings,

thoughts and ideas.•express habitual / everyday activities.

Examples :

1) Alia bakes chocolate cake for her mother 45th birthday .

2) The average person breathes 21,600 times a day.

3) He says the football team from the country is good.

4) My mother washes the clothes every day.

PRESENT CONTINUOUS MEANING •expressing an action / activity that is in

progress at the moment of speaking.

FORM•subject + verb to BE ( is , am , are ) +

verb(+ing)

Subject Verb to BE Verb (+ing)

I am listening to the music.

He She Mary

is walking to school.

You They We Alia and Robert

are running around the field.

It is sleeping under the table.

Examples;

•I need an umbrella because it is raining.

•She is explaining about her work while her friends are doing some other works.

EXERCISE Put the verbs into the correct tense (simple

present or present progressive).

1. Look! He (leave) __________ the house.

2. Quiet please! I (write) __________ a test.

3. She usually (walk) __________ to school.

4. But look! Today she (go) __________ by bike.

5. Every Sunday we (go) __________ to see my grandparents.

is leaving

am writing

walks

is going

goes

PRESENT PERFECTMEANING •shows that action was

recently completed.

FORM •Subject + verb to HAS / HAVE + past

participle•put another word ( ADVERB OF

FREQUENCY ) after has / have• just , already , not , never , always ,

often , nearly , almost .

Subject Verb to HAS / HAVE Past participle

I Have just taken these subjects.

He She Mary

has not seen that film.


have never finished their homework on time.

It has already eaten all the food.

Examples;

•I haven’t attended any parties since I came to this city. I don’t know anyone here.

•She has just bought some tickets for the match .

PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS

MEANING •Expresses a continuous that has been finished

at some point in the past and it continues to happen.

•Often used ‘ for ’ or ‘ since ’ to describe how long something has been happening up to now.

FORM•Subject + verb to HAS / HAVE + BEEN +

verb(+ing)

Subject Verb to HAS / HAVE

Been Verb (+ing)

I have

been

listening to the music since seven o’clock.

He She Mary

has walking to school since primary school.


have running around the field for 15 minutes.

It has sleeping under the table.

Examples;

•It’s been raining all day and my mother couldn’t go to work.

•My back hurts, so I have been sleeping on a pad on the floor lately.

•He has been living at Bangkok with his grandparents since he left school.

1. A: (you/take) _________________the dog for a walk yet?

B: I (work) __________________all day. I (come / just) ______________ home from work and I (have/not) _____________the time yet to walk the dog.

2. A: How long (the dog/be) _______________ home alone?

B: For about 6 hours. You (walk / not)______________ the dog for a long time. Don't you want to go?

3. A: Well, I (laze/not) ___________________ about all day either, you know. I have a very important meeting tomorrow and I still (finish/not)________________ my presentation.

B: Okay, I will go then. Where (you/put) _____________ collar and leash?

Have you not taken

have been working

Have just comehave not had

has the dog been

have not walked

have not been lazing

have not finished

have you put

PAST SIMPLEMEANING• talk about actions or situations that were completed

in the past.• used with time expressions such as these:

yesterday, last week, in the 1980s, three weeks ago, for a long time .

• Regular verb , base +edwalked , talked , enjoyed

• irregular verb , special simple past forms speak – spoke , sing – sang , cut – cut , write - wrote

Subject Verb to

be have do

I was had did

He was had did

She was had did

You were had did

They were had did

We were had did

It was had did

Examples;

1. They were in London from Monday to Thursday of last week.

2. He arrived from the airport at 8:00, checked into the hotel at 9:00, and met the others at 10:00.

3. He waited for them at the bridge

4. All of us hitched a ride to San Francisco.

5. Zulaikha stayed in Perlis for a week.

PAST CONTINUOUSMEANING •describes actions or events in a

time before now, which began in the past and was still going on at the time of speaking.

•often, to describe the background in a story written in the past tense.

eg : The sun was shining and the birds were singing as the elephant came out of the jungle.

•to describe an unfinished action that was interrupted by another event or action.eg : I was having a beautiful dream when the alarm clock rang.

•to express a change of mind.eg : I was going to spend the day at the beach but I've decided to go on an excursion instead.

FORM •Subject + verb to BE + verb( +ing )

Subject Verb to BE Verb (+ing)

I was listening to the music.

He She Mary

was walking to school.


wererunning around the field.

It Was sleeping under the table.

Examples :

• They were waiting for the bus when the accident happened.

• He was angry because the girls weren’t looking at him.

• I was wondering why everybody was pushing one another.

• The crowd wasn’t moving where you were.

• I was calling you as you were calling me.

Exercise;

1. My brother and sister (argue) _____about something when I (walk) _____into the room.

2. While Mrs. Emerson (read) _____ the little boy a story , he (fall) _____ asleep, so she (close) _____the book and quietly (sneak) _____out of the room.

3. I really enjoyed my last vacation. While it (snow) _____ in Iowa, the sun (shine) _____ in Florida. While you (shovel) _____ snow in Iowa all last week , I (lie) _____ on a beach in Florida.

Answers :

1. were arguing , walked2. Was reading , fell , closed , sneaked3. snowed , shined , were shoveling ,

was laying

PAST PERFECTMEANING;• Past perfect tenses expresses: (a) action

completed in the past; or (b) Action completed in the past when or before another action happened then.

FORM; • Subject + had + Past participle

Subject HAD Past participle

I had followed his orders.

He She Mary

had broken the window to the class.


had jumped into conclusions about the whole situation.

It had Had not slept from dusk till dawn.

Example;

•By last may, it had broken down thrice.

•Xioa Li had wanted it repaired long before.

•At that time, they had promised a quick job.

•When I asked, we had already waited a month.

•Ain had already slept while waiting for Shiqin to come home.

Exercise;

1. I knew that I (see) _______ her somewhere in college.

2. The security guard said that he (unlock) __________ the gate by mistake.

3. After we (finish) __________ our work we went home.

4. She told us she _________the answer.

5. We all knew that Zain _____________ the letter.

had seen

had not written

had found

had finished

had unlocked

PAST PERFECT CONTINOUS.

MEANING; •We use part perfect continuous to talk

about something that happened before other past actions, and to stress that the action continued for some time.

FORM: •Subject + Had been + verb(+ing)

Subject had Been Verb (+ing)

I had

been

listening to the music since seven o’clock.

He She Mary

had in love with him/her ever since high school.


had running around the field for 15 minutes.

It had sleeping under the table.

Example;

• The doctor said I was ill because I had been eating too much junk food.

• Alice is not well because she had not been sleeping well.

• Mimi collapsed to the ground because she had been standing under the sun for too long.

• The students had been rejoicing all the while.

• The government had not been keeping up with the progress of the people.

1.Shamsul was tired because he (work) _______ _______all day.

2. I felt upset because my boss (criticize) _______ _________my work.

3.May (study) ______________for six hours, so took a break.

4. It (not rain) ________________much and the grass was brown.

5. I wondered why my cat was ill. (it eat) ______ _________dead birds?

criticizing

working

been eating

had not been raining

Had been

had been studying

Had it

Had been

Future simpleMEANING: • The simple future tense is formed by combining

Shall (for the first person subject) or will, as the helping verb, with the infinitive form of the main verb. It expresses actions that is intended or expected to happen at sometime in the future, such as afterwards, soon, tomorrow, next year.

FORM: Subject + be going to/will + future action

Subject Be going to / will Verb

I am going to /will listen to the music.

He She Mary

is going to/ will walk to school.


Are going to / will

Run around the field.

It Is going to/ will sleep under the table.

Example;

• Suraya mentioned that she will call me tomorrow.

• I am going to decline the offer as soon as I get a new one.

• She has no idea what I will do to her once she gets home.

• There is no other person eligible enough, we are going to petition for this.

• I am going to Ivershuriyas house for Deepavali next week.

Exercise;

1. A. What (you, do) _________________________ this afternoon?B. I (work) ______________________ on my report.

2. A. Where (Alex,be) ________________________ later tonight?B. He (be) __________________Kim’s house

3. Anna (show) _______________________her paintings to us next week.

are you going to do/will you do

am going to work/will work

is Alex going to be/will Alex be

is going to be/will be

is going to show/ will show

Future continuousMEANING: • the future continuous tense is formed by

combining three verbs: Shall (for the first person subject) or will as the first helping verb; the infinitive Be as the second helping verb; and the Continuous participle of the main verb

FORM:• Subject + Shall/Will + be + Continuous

Participle

Subject Shall/will + be

Verb ( +ing )

I shall be listening to the music.

He She Mary

will be walking to school.


will be Running around the field.

It will be sleeping under the table.

Example;

• The concert will be playing next week.

• Wani and Ira will be sleeping when we return.

• We shall be going to Bandung at the end of the month.

• The wind will be blowing as we cross the sea.

• Ms. Kala will be lecturing for 3 hours.

Exercise;1. Diana (drive) _____________ to the company while

I call to inform them now.

2. Fahrim (present) ________________ throughout next week.

3. Junaidah (move) ____________ colleges at the end of the semester.

4. She (crying) ____________ once she finds out that Firdaus is cheating on her.

5. I (laugh)_____________ so much if you fall off the stage.

will be driving

will be presenting

will be moving

will be crying

will be laughing

FUTURE PERFECTMEANING: • the future continuous tense is formed by

combining three verbs: Shall (for the first person subject) or will as the first helping verb; the infinitive Have as the second helping verb; and the perfect participle of the main verb

FORM:•Subject + Shall/Will + have + perfect

Participle

Subject Shall/will have Perfect participle

I will have listened to the music.

He She Mary

will have walked to school.


will have ran around the field.

It will have slept under the table.

Example;

• I shall have everything done by June.

• Will yuni have achieved her dream by then?

• It will have been worth all her sweat and tears.

• We won’t (will not) have finished the assignments by dawn!.

• Will the train have left before he reaches here?

Exercise;1. Come spring, the birds (return) ____________ _

from the south.

2. This bus (gone)______________ when the next arrives.

3. By Eid, she (been) ___________ here for a year.

4. ______ her English course (end) ________ so soon?

5. The grass (grown) _____________ under my feet by then.

Will have returned

Will have grown

Have ended

Will have been

Will have gone

Will

Future Perfect Continuous

MEANING: •We use future perfect continuous to talk

about something will happen after other future actions, and to stress that the action continued for some time.

FORM•Subject + will have been + verb (past

participle form)

Subject Will have been Verb

I will have been listening to the music.

He She Mary

will had been walking to school.


will have been Running around the field.

It will have been sleeping under the table.

Example;

• You will have been travelling for two days..

• she will have been using the car.

• You will have been working for four hours.

• We will not have been waiting long.

• Will they have been watching television?

Exercise;1. By the end of the month I (live) _______________

in this town for ten years.

2. By the end of this week we (work) _________________on the project for a month.

3. By July the fifth they (study) ________________ English for three years.

4. She (sleep) _________________ for 10 hours by 11 o’clock.

5. They (wait) _______________ for the president for 5 hours.

will have been living

will have been waiting

will have been sleeping

will have been studying

will have been working

Tenses

Education

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