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BIU3022ENGLISH LANGUAGE 2

Tenses

SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE

The simple present tense is used for events or situations that exist always, usually or habitually in the past, present and future.

Regular habits and daily routines.

I usually exercise at 5.30 in the evening.

Angela Lam always goes for shows with her friends.

When does he usually come for a visit?General statements of fact.

Birds fly.The earth moves around

the sun.Water turns to ice at 0°

Celsius.

Verbs used in the simple present tense have a specified form for the first, second and third person. Person here illustrates who or what does the action.• 1st person or the self (e.g. I,

we)• 2nd person or the person

spoken to (e.g. you)• 3rd person or a person who is

or are not present (e.g. he, she, it, they)

The following table shows the verb form changes according to the involved:Person Pronouns Verbs

1st person singular

1st person plural

I

We

drinkarrive

2nd person singular &

pluralYou watch

3rd person singular

HeShe

It

eatswalkshides

3rd person plural

They read

Simple past tense

The simple past tense is used to describe activities which began and ended at a specific time in the past. Regular verbs in the simple past are formed by adding ‘-ed’ (e.g. walked, talked). Irregular verbs in the simple past have various forms (e.g. went, ate). The following time expressions are examples of a specific point in time.¤ last year ¤ yesterday¤ in… (a year or month) ¤ ago¤ when… (I was a boy, you are young)

Examples: We watched Twilight Breaking

Dawn 2 last week. My father joined the company

many years ago. Dato’ Faris bought a Aston Martin

One-77 for his wife in August forher birthday.

She talked to her friend through SKYPE yesterday.

I drove the go cart when I was teenager.

Simple future tense

We use the simple future tense to talk about things that will be happen later. The simple future tense is formed by adding ‘will’ to the main verbs e.g. will dance, will jump, will shout. The simple future tense is used in the following situations:

Situation Example

To promise i. I will take you to watch Lee Chong Wei play in the Malaysia Open Final.

ii. She will take part in the Winter Olympics one day.

To talk about unplanned action

i. Don’t worry, I will support you if any problem arise.

ii. It’s starting to shine. I will hang my clothes to dry.

To make predictions based on experience or

intuition

i. It will rain this evening.ii. Things will get better after sometime.

To describe habits i. Tony will bite his fingernails when he is nervous.

ii. They will always make noise when their friends are around.

Shall can also be used in the Simple Future Tense. It is more formal than will.

Examples:I. I shall never surrender!II. We shall ensure that the victims

will get appropriate treatment.III. We shall support the national

team when they play against Liverpool next Sunday.

IV. I shall invite the opposing team for tea after the game.

Presentcontinuous

tense

The Present Continuous is mainly used to express the idea that something is happening at the moment of speaking. Use subject + IS/ARE + ing (continuous form)

For example:

1. They are working hard to earn money.

2. I am training to become a

professional footballer.

3. Mike is studying hard to become a

doctor.

4. Elizabeth is currently writing a

children's book titled I am the World.

PASTCONTINUOUS

TENSE

The past continuous tense describes actions or events in a time before now, which began in the past and was still going on at the time of speaking. Use subject + was/were + ing (continuous form).

For example :

1. They were waiting for the bus when

the accident happened.

2. Caroline was skiing when she broke

her leg.

3. When we arrived he was having a

bath.

4.When the fire started I was

watching television.

Futurecontinuous

tense

The use of 'will be doing' in a sentence is often referred to as the future continuous. It is used to talk about activities that will be happening at a particular time or over a particular time in the future. Use subject + will be + ing.

For example: Next week we will be having a

party. Can you come?

You can also use it (or the present continuous form) to talk about future plans. For example:

We will be leaving here at 7.30pm.

Presentperfecttense

This tense emphasizes the duration of an activity that began in the past and continues into the present. It often uses time words or phrases.It may be used to refer to continuing activity that is recent.

Have + base form + -ingHas + baseform + -ing

It has been raining all day.She has been living in London since 2008.He has been painting houses all summer.I have been studying English for 13 year.

Pastperfecttense

The PAST PERFECT PROGRESSIVE TENSE indicates a continuous action that was completed at some point in the past.

"I had been working in the garden all morning. George had been painting his house for weeks, but he finally gave up.“

Had + base form + -ing

I had been working .He had been eating.When the teacher arrive, I had been waiting almost 10 minutes.He was out of breath because he had been running to catch the bus.

Futureperfecttense

This tense emphasizes the duration of a continuing activity in the future that ends before another activity or time in the future.

Will have + (base form+ -ing)

I will have been working.She will have been eating.By 2003 Janet will have been studying English at CEC for 3 years.By 9:45 tonight I will have been sitting in class for 2 hours and 45 minutes.

PresentPerfect

continuoustense

The perfect continuous tense describes actions that repeated over a period of time in the past, are continuing in the present, and/or will continue in the future.

The present perfect continuous tense tells you about a continuous action that was initiated in the past and finished at some point in the past; however, the action has some relation to the present time.

Use have/has + been + ing. This tense is formed with the modal "HAVE" or "HAS" (for third-person singular subjects) plus "BEEN," plus the present participle of the verb (with an -ing ending):

1. It has been raining, and the street is still wet.2. I have been running, and I am still tired.3. She has been practicing the piano, and she is much better now.

Pastperfect

continuoustense

The past perfect continuous tense illustrates a continuous action in the past that was completed before another past action.

Use had + been + ing. This tense is formed with the modal "HAD" plus "BEEN," plus the present participle of the verb (with an -ing ending):

1. It had been raining, and the street was still wet.

2. I had been running, and I was still tired.

3. She had been practicing the piano, and she had gotten much better.

FUTUREPERFECT

CONTINUOUSTENSE

The future perfect continuous tense indicates a continuous action that will be completed in the future.

Use will + have + been + ing. This tense is formed with the modal "WILL" plus the modal "HAVE" plus "BEEN" plus the present participle of the verb (with an -ing ending):

1. By tonight, it will have been raining several hours, and the street will be very wet.

2. By next summer, I will have been running for almost a year, and I will be fit and healthy.

3. By the time of the concert, she will have been practicing the piano for several months, and she will be much better.

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