Tennessee Department of Agriculture

Regulatory Services DivisionRegulatory Services Division

Diesel Lubricity Status ReportDiesel Lubricity Status ReportJanuary 26, 2005January 26, 2005

Importance of Lubricity Lubricity: Lubricity: a qualitative term describing the ability a qualitative term describing the ability

of a fluid to affect friction between, and wear to, of a fluid to affect friction between, and wear to, surfaces in relative motion under loadsurfaces in relative motion under load . .

Diesel fuel functions as a lubricant in certain Diesel fuel functions as a lubricant in certain components of fuel injection equipment, such as components of fuel injection equipment, such as fuel pumps and injectors.fuel pumps and injectors.

Importance of Lubricity

Insufficient lubricity can lead to a reduction in the Insufficient lubricity can lead to a reduction in the normal service life of fuel injection equipment.normal service life of fuel injection equipment.

Lubricity issues arise due to the severe processing Lubricity issues arise due to the severe processing required to reduce aromatics and sulfur.required to reduce aromatics and sulfur.

Fuel injection equipment will run at higher Fuel injection equipment will run at higher pressures to meet new emissions standards.pressures to meet new emissions standards.

Historical Perspective ASTM International’s debates on lubricity ASTM International’s debates on lubricity

requirements for all diesel fuels began in 1989. requirements for all diesel fuels began in 1989. During this time of debate, ASTM also developed During this time of debate, ASTM also developed

test methods to rate lubricity.test methods to rate lubricity.

2002 Ballot for lubricity received numerous 2002 Ballot for lubricity received numerous negatives – correlation to pump wear, poor negatives – correlation to pump wear, poor precision, values proposed too low……precision, values proposed too low……

Historical Perspective Again ballot in 2003 – Negatives & comments Again ballot in 2003 – Negatives & comments

received: proposed limits not restrictive enough, only received: proposed limits not restrictive enough, only needed for light duty – not heavy duty, needed for light duty – not heavy duty, need an need an effective dateeffective date..

Buckeye Pipeline – Negative based on ATF supply; Buckeye Pipeline – Negative based on ATF supply; non-persuasive at 12/03 meeting.non-persuasive at 12/03 meeting.

Colonial Pipeline raised issues regarding pipelines and Colonial Pipeline raised issues regarding pipelines and lubricity additive – Colonial’s Negative found non-lubricity additive – Colonial’s Negative found non-persuasive at 12/03 meeting.persuasive at 12/03 meeting.

Historical Perspective ExxonMobil negative – an effective date was ExxonMobil negative – an effective date was

necessary in order to allow terminals across the necessary in order to allow terminals across the country sufficient time to prepare to inject additive country sufficient time to prepare to inject additive systems– the negative was persuasive, leading to…systems– the negative was persuasive, leading to…

Decision at the 12/03 meeting – Ballot an effective Decision at the 12/03 meeting – Ballot an effective date of Jan. 1, 2005.date of Jan. 1, 2005.

June 2004 – Negatives received on the ballot that June 2004 – Negatives received on the ballot that set an enforcement date of Jan. 1, 2005 were set an enforcement date of Jan. 1, 2005 were adjudicated – including pipeline / Jet A issues – all adjudicated – including pipeline / Jet A issues – all found non-persuasive. found non-persuasive.

API Request Waiver from TN October of 2004 API contacts TDA requesting a waiver to the October of 2004 API contacts TDA requesting a waiver to the

law.law.

TDA Administrative and Legal staff evaluate the facts and TDA Administrative and Legal staff evaluate the facts and review our statutory authority.review our statutory authority.

Commissioner Ken Givens issues statement to industry Commissioner Ken Givens issues statement to industry outlining the Department’s lack of authority to issue a policy outlining the Department’s lack of authority to issue a policy that would be in conflict with legislative mandate.that would be in conflict with legislative mandate.

ASTM Ballots Revised Spec

Fall of 2004, ASTM issues a ballot to revise the Fall of 2004, ASTM issues a ballot to revise the effective date for lubricity.effective date for lubricity.

The ballot fails to secure enough votes in favor of The ballot fails to secure enough votes in favor of the change to allow each negative the opportunity the change to allow each negative the opportunity to be voted on individually at the 12/04 meeting.to be voted on individually at the 12/04 meeting.

Next Step… TDA contacted each TN terminal – generally TDA contacted each TN terminal – generally

positive response regarding the progress being positive response regarding the progress being made to ensure conformance.made to ensure conformance.

Meeting and discussions followed with various Meeting and discussions followed with various industry leaders.industry leaders.

Agreement – Industry sponsor legislation giving Agreement – Industry sponsor legislation giving Commissioner authority to made ‘emergency’ Commissioner authority to made ‘emergency’ deviations from ASTM.deviations from ASTM.

Status of proposed legislation: HB 005, SB 127, Status of proposed legislation: HB 005, SB 127, passed first reading in the House.passed first reading in the House.

What is the new requirement?

Diesel Fuel must show less than 520 Diesel Fuel must show less than 520 m wear scar m wear scar as measured by the ASTM D 6079, High as measured by the ASTM D 6079, High Frequency Reciprocating Rig (HFRR) test.Frequency Reciprocating Rig (HFRR) test.

Load

Ball Motion

Fuel on TestPad

Other Activities at TDA Related to Fuel Quality

Currently proposing rules changes pursuant Currently proposing rules changes pursuant to the Kerosene and Motor Fuels Quality to the Kerosene and Motor Fuels Quality Inspection Act for Biodiesel and Premium Inspection Act for Biodiesel and Premium DieselDiesel

Rule Changes:Biodiesel ““Biodiesel” means a fuel comprised of mono-alkyl esters of long Biodiesel” means a fuel comprised of mono-alkyl esters of long

chain fatty acids derived from vegetable oils or animal fats, chain fatty acids derived from vegetable oils or animal fats, designated B100.designated B100.

““Biodiesel Blend” means a fuel comprised of a blend of Biodiesel Blend” means a fuel comprised of a blend of biodiesel fuel with petroleum-based diesel fuel, designated BXX. biodiesel fuel with petroleum-based diesel fuel, designated BXX. In the abbreviation BXX, the XX represents the liquid volume In the abbreviation BXX, the XX represents the liquid volume percentage of biodiesel fuel in the blend.percentage of biodiesel fuel in the blend.

Biodiesel Fuel – Biodiesel (B100) intended for blending with Biodiesel Fuel – Biodiesel (B100) intended for blending with diesel fuel shall meet the most recent version of ASTM D 6751, diesel fuel shall meet the most recent version of ASTM D 6751, “Standard Specification for Biodiesel Fuel (B100) Blend Stock “Standard Specification for Biodiesel Fuel (B100) Blend Stock for Distillate Fuels.”for Distillate Fuels.”

Biodiesel

Biodiesel Blends – Blends of biodiesel and diesel fuels shall Biodiesel Blends – Blends of biodiesel and diesel fuels shall meet the following requirements: the base diesel fuel shall meet the following requirements: the base diesel fuel shall meet the most current requirements of ASTM D 975, meet the most current requirements of ASTM D 975, Standard Specification for Diesel Fuel Oils; the biodiesel Standard Specification for Diesel Fuel Oils; the biodiesel blend stock shall meet the most current requirements of blend stock shall meet the most current requirements of ASTM D 6751, Standard Specification for Biodiesel Fuel ASTM D 6751, Standard Specification for Biodiesel Fuel (B100) Blend Stock for Distillate Fuels, with the following (B100) Blend Stock for Distillate Fuels, with the following exception: Biodiesel may be blended with diesel fuel whose exception: Biodiesel may be blended with diesel fuel whose sulfur or aromatic levels are outside specification ASTM D sulfur or aromatic levels are outside specification ASTM D 975, Standard Specification for Diesel Fuel Oils, Grades 1-975, Standard Specification for Diesel Fuel Oils, Grades 1-D, low sulfur 1-D, 2-D, or low sulfur 2-D, provided the D, low sulfur 1-D, 2-D, or low sulfur 2-D, provided the finished mixture meets pertinent national and local finished mixture meets pertinent national and local specifications and requirements for these properties specifications and requirements for these properties

Revised Model Definition for Premium Diesel

Cetane NumberCetane Number ‑ ‑ A minimum cetane number of 47.0 as determined by A minimum cetane number of 47.0 as determined by ASTM Standard Test Method D 613ASTM Standard Test Method D 613..

Low Temperature Operability - A cold flow performance measurement Low Temperature Operability - A cold flow performance measurement which meets the ASTM D 975 tenth percentile minimum ambient air which meets the ASTM D 975 tenth percentile minimum ambient air temperature charts and mapstemperature charts and maps . .

Thermal StabilityThermal Stability ‑ ‑ A minimum reflectance measurement of 80 percent A minimum reflectance measurement of 80 percent as determined by ASTM Standard Test Method D 6468.as determined by ASTM Standard Test Method D 6468.

Lubricity – A maximum wear scar diameter of 520 microns as Lubricity – A maximum wear scar diameter of 520 microns as determined by ASTM D 6079. If an enforcement jurisdiction’s single determined by ASTM D 6079. If an enforcement jurisdiction’s single test of more than 560 microns is determined, a second test shall be test of more than 560 microns is determined, a second test shall be conducted. If the average of the two tests is more than 560 microns, the conducted. If the average of the two tests is more than 560 microns, the sample does not conform to the requirements of this part. sample does not conform to the requirements of this part.

Fuel Violations This FY

YTD – 3.35% Violation Rate! – We have not seen YTD – 3.35% Violation Rate! – We have not seen violation rates at this level since 1991.violation rates at this level since 1991.

Notable Problems:Notable Problems: Diesel Flash Point – 44 Violations Diesel Flash Point – 44 Violations Workmanship – 11 Violations Workmanship – 11 Violations Kerosene Saybolt Color – Kerosene Saybolt Color – 47 Violations47 Violations

Last FY: 5 Saybolt Color Violations for entire Last FY: 5 Saybolt Color Violations for entire year – 850 total samples collected.year – 850 total samples collected.