Ten Simple Rules for Open Access Publishers
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Transcript of Ten Simple Rules for Open Access Publishers
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Beyond the Journal ArticleOne Scientist’s Perspective
Philip E. BourneUniversity of California San Diego
[email protected]://www.sdsc.edu/pbRelevant Work from Us:
http://www.sdsc.edu/pb/SummaryScholarComm.pdfhttp://www.slideshare.net/pebourne/??
COASP Sept 21, 2011
Or.. Ten Simple Rules for OA
Publishers
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How I Got to Be Standing Here
• Researcher in computational biology• Co-developed the Protein Data Bank (PDB)• Felt my field was not well served by the current
literature• Saw an opportunity to work through a society• Thought OA was a good idea, but was not
passionate about it• Co-founded and remain the EIC of PLoS
Computational Biology
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How I Got to Be Standing Here
http://www.wwpdb.org/
Journals
Database
2005: Is a Biological Database Different from a Biological Journal?
PLoS Comp. Biol. 2005 1(3) e34
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Author Submission via the Web Depositor Submission via the Web
Syntax Checking Syntax Checking
Review by Scientists &Editors
Review by Annotators
Corrections by AuthorCorrections by Depositor
Publish – Web Accessible Release – Web Accessible
Similar Processes Lead to Similar Resources
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So the processes are not that dissimilar it was the final
product that was {is} perceived so differently
I am not a Scientist I am a NumberPLoS Comp. Biol. 2008 4(12) e1000247
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Yet What is Better.. A Paper only Ever Cited by the Folks who Wrote it or a Dataset That is Downloaded
and Used 100’s of Times?
We will come back to this…
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But This is What I Really Came to Appreciate was a Wealth of Possibility
1. All published materials available on-line free to all (author pays model)
2. Unrestricted access to all published material in various formats eg XML provided attribution is given to the original author(s)
3. Copyright remains with the author
PLoS Comp Biol 2008 4(3) e10000377
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From Someone Who Generates Scholarship And Cares, Have The Possibilities Been Realized Some
Six Years Hence?
Not Really But I Like to Think the Process Has Started
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So I am Here To Tell You Not What is Right with OA – You Know That
Already.
I Am Here To Tell You in My Humble Opinion What Needs to Be Done To Realize the Promise. Not
Necessarily by Publishers, but Catalyzed by Publishers
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I realized last night that the catalyst could be for reasons of profit or service to science or
something in between
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There is Competition Out There
• A very clever idea – The App model
• Leverage content• Provide an open API• Get the community to
do all the work• Drive folks to buy
content
Why Don’t We Have Such Developments in OA?
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There is Competition Out There
Why Don’t We Have Such Developments in OA?
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Why Don’t We Have Such Developments in OA?
A. OA publishers think in papers not research objects?
B. No R&D budgets?C. No/unidentifiable competitions?D. Not enough content?E. Content is not consistently available?F. Not a collective vision?G. Too early?H. All of the above
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Content is not consistently available
• David Lipman • “Phil, What you are doing is illegal!”
• PMC content available under different licensing conditions
• Content conforms to the NLM DTD to different degrees
• The latter may come back to haunt us
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The Good News is There Are People Out There Who Care
• “Beyond the PDF” crowd• FORCE11• Individual investigators• Librarians forging a new role for themselves• Funding agencies, foundations• Scientists themselves• Commercial companies e.g. Microsoft
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Scientists Themselves – New OA Journal
• My knee jerk reaction – is this the best a bunch of great minds can come up with!
• My more thoughtful reaction – every little bit helps – it will broaden awareness of the value of OA like nothing else
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Ten Simple Rules for What OA Publishers Can Do to Move the Ball
Forward
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Rule 1 – Continue to Do What You Do But Better – More Openness!
• Provide fully open content according to CC BY The future of OA might be tied to new business models associated with using the corpus
• Lower costs with more efficient journal management systems – OA publishers are beholden to legacy bloated expensive systems – a recognized and committed joint open source development effort is important
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Rule 2. Foster Low Hanging Fruit
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We Cannot Possibly Read a Fraction of the Papers We Should
Rule 2 – Foster Low Hanging Fruit Renear & Palmer 2009 Science 325:828-832
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We Are Scanning More Reading Less – Our Level of Detail is Dropping
Renear & Palmer 2009 Science 325:828-832Rule 2 Foster Low Hanging Fruit
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Automatic Knowledge Discovery for Those with No Time to Read
Immunology Literature
Cardiac DiseaseLiterature
Shared FunctionRule 2 Foster Low Hanging Fruit
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This Requires That Publishers Exercise the NLM DTD as Far as
Possible
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Rule 3 Recognize Data
• Not sure that passing the buck to Dryad and others is the best solution?
• Need more than a DOI• Maybe the only short term solution?
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Data – The State of Play (A Scientist’s Perspective)
• Some disciplines have embraced data journals• Some journals have ignored data• Institutional repositories are “roach motels”• The long tail problem is dying to be addressed• Scientists would love a data citation that looks
like a paper citation• There are some wonderful opportunities…
Rule 3 Recognize Data
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1. A link brings up figures from the paper
0. Full text of PLoS papers stored in a database
2. Clicking the paper figure retrievesdata from the PDB which is
analyzed
3. A composite view ofjournal and database
content results
Data Becomes Part fo the Article
1. User clicks on thumbnail2. Metadata and a
webservices call provide a renderable image that can be annotated
3. Selecting a features provides a database/literature mashup
4. That leads to new papers
4. The composite view haslinks to pertinent blocks
of literature text and back to the PDB
1.
2.
3.
4.
The Knowledge and Data Cycle
PLoS Comp. Biol. 2005 1(3) e34
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There Is a Real Opportunity for “Data Papers”
• Structured metadata about the dataset• Hence the opportunity to discover the data• Hence the opportunity to establish metrics on
the use of the data• And this is a big one… the opportunity to
develop apps (centralized and standardized software) that operate on the data
Rule 3 Recognize Data
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Rule 4 – Recognize Rich Media as Scholarship
• Currently video and podcasts are adjuncts to published work – they could be it (e.g., Jove) or better integrated.
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Yes YouTube Can Increase the Rate of Discovery
Rule 4 Recognize Rich Media as Scholarship
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Pubcast – Video Integrated with the Full Text of the Paper
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Lessons
• It is a form of expression the current YouTubers embrace and may become as ubiquitous as papers and slide presentations in the next few years
• Its only going to work if it is easy to publish and the reward is obvious
Rule 4 Recognize Rich Media as Scholarship
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Rule 5 Play Upon a Scientists Guilt re The Reward Sytem
The Right Thing To Do Reward
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Rule 5 Play Upon a Scientists Guilt re The Reward System
• Article level metrics are great but:– Lets have more of them and more transparency– Lets standardize and so..– Lets use them more effectively
• Example – you looked at this article therefore you might be interested in this one – within a journal and across journals! – Its like PubMed but based on usage patterns
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Rule 6 - Play Upon the Scientists Guilt re Reproducibility
• My views of reproducibility:– We all express the importance, but the only time
it is tested is when something is truly novel or error is suspected
– Reproducability covers a spectrum of meaning – by whom and with how much effort
– The longer the time lag the less likely something is reproducible
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Workflow Tools Might be the Answer
Taverna
Rule 6 Foster Reproducability
Wings
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Consider an Example: Our Own Experience in Capturing the Scientific Process to Make
it Open and Reproducable
• Its hard and embarrassing• We have a working prototype using Wings• I can feel the potential productivity gains• My students are more doubtful• Its been a lot of fun and will enable us to
improve our processes regardless of the workflow system itself
Rule 6 Foster Reproducibility
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Yes The Workflow is Real
Rule 6 Foster Reproducibility
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Problems with Publishing Workflows
• Workflows are not linear• Workflow : paper is not 1:1• Confidentiality• Peer review• Infrastructure• Community acceptance• Reward system• No publisher seems willing to touch them
Rule 6 Foster Reproducibility
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Rule 7 - Where Possible Promote the Use of Social Media and Citizen
Science
• Think of ways beyond blogging, tweeting, social bookmarking etc.
• Example – The Wikipedia experiment
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The Wikipedia Experiment – Topic Pages
• Identify areas of Wikipedia that relate to the journal that are missing of stubs
• Develop a Wikipedia page in the sandbox
• Have a Topic Page Editor Review the page
• Publish the copy of record with associated rewards
• Release the living version into Wikipedia
Rule 7 Foster Social Media and Citizen Science
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Rule 8 – Think of a Cycle Not an End Product
Research[Grants]
JournalArticle
ConferencePaper
PosterSession
Reviews
BlogsCommunity Service/Data
Curation
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Rule 9 – Think of Killer Apps That Could be an OA Game Changer
P.E.Bourne, J.L.Fink, M.Gerstein 2008 Open Access: Taking Full Advantage of the Content PLoS Comp. Biol. 4(3) e1000037
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Here is an Idea to Get You Started
• Right now reward is defined almost solely by the H-index
• Open access to data, rich media, presentations, etc, etc could begin to change that .. If one could measure the value of other types of open access content
• Google scholar, MS Academic Search does it to some degree, but it is not accurate
• Help make alternative metrics more available and accurate – need ORCID, need good metadata
Rule 9 – Come up with Killer Apps
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Here is Another One..http://richard.cyganiak.de/2007/10/lod/lod-datasets_2010-09-22_colored.html
Rule 9 – Come up with Killer Apps
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Rule 10 – Lobby Better
• Do more to solicit scientists to support legislation like the Hargreaves data mining proposal
• NSF and NIH have new data sharing policies – how can these be mapped to OA activities?
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General References
• What Do I Want from the Publisher of the Future PLoS Comp Biol 6(5): e1000787
• Fourth Paradigm: Data Intensive Scientific Discovery http://research.microsoft.com/enus/collaboration/fourthparadigm/
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References to Exemplars• Semantic Biochemical Journal - 2010: Using Utopia
• Article of the Future, Cell, 2009:• Prospect, Royal Society of Chemistry, 2009:• Adventures in Semantic Publishing, Oxford U, 2009:
• The Structured Digital Abstract, Seringhaus/Gerstein, 2008• CWA Nanopublications – 2010• https://sites.google.com/site/beyondthepdf/
• https://sites.google.com/site/futureofresearchcommunications/