TEMPORARY COURTS, PERMANENT RECORDS Trudy Huskamp Peterson October 2007.
-
Upload
austen-shields -
Category
Documents
-
view
212 -
download
0
Transcript of TEMPORARY COURTS, PERMANENT RECORDS Trudy Huskamp Peterson October 2007.
![Page 1: TEMPORARY COURTS, PERMANENT RECORDS Trudy Huskamp Peterson October 2007.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081007/56649e005503460f94ae8bc2/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
TEMPORARY COURTS, PERMANENT RECORDS
Trudy Huskamp Peterson
October 2007
![Page 2: TEMPORARY COURTS, PERMANENT RECORDS Trudy Huskamp Peterson October 2007.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081007/56649e005503460f94ae8bc2/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Scope of Study
• International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (ICTY)
• International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR)
• Special Court for Sierra Leone (SCSL)
• Special Panels and Serious Crimes Unit, East Timor
• Hybrid courts, Kosovo
![Page 3: TEMPORARY COURTS, PERMANENT RECORDS Trudy Huskamp Peterson October 2007.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081007/56649e005503460f94ae8bc2/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Legal Basis of Courts and Court Records
1. ICTY and ICTR: Created by United Nations Security Council
2. SCSL: Created by agreement between Sierra Leone and United Nations
3. East Timor panels and prosecutor: Created by the United Nations administration in East Timor and subsequently transferred to the new national government
4.Kosovo: International judges and prosecutors inserted by UN into existing court system
![Page 4: TEMPORARY COURTS, PERMANENT RECORDS Trudy Huskamp Peterson October 2007.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081007/56649e005503460f94ae8bc2/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Scope of Court Functions
• ICTY and ICTR: Courts, prosecutor, investigators, registrar, victims and witness support program, detention facility management, outreach to local communities, public information, liaison to defense counsel, administration
![Page 5: TEMPORARY COURTS, PERMANENT RECORDS Trudy Huskamp Peterson October 2007.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081007/56649e005503460f94ae8bc2/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Scope of Court Functions, Cont.
SCSL: Same as ICTY and ICTR plus defense counsel, construction and management of court and detention facilities
East Timor: Judges but not courts, prosecutor, investigators, public information
Kosovo: Judges but not courts, prosecutors, investigators
![Page 6: TEMPORARY COURTS, PERMANENT RECORDS Trudy Huskamp Peterson October 2007.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081007/56649e005503460f94ae8bc2/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Geographic Scope
ICTY: Headquarters in The Hague, offices of prosecutors, investigators, victim and witness support, and outreach located in various cities in Croatia, Bosnia, Serbia, and Kosovo
![Page 7: TEMPORARY COURTS, PERMANENT RECORDS Trudy Huskamp Peterson October 2007.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081007/56649e005503460f94ae8bc2/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Geographic Scope, cont.
ICTR: Headquarters in Arusha, Tanzania; appeals to appellate bench in The Hague; prosecutor office in Kigali, Rwanda and formerly in The Hague
SCSL: Freetown, Sierra Leone, The Hague
East Timor: Dili, East Timor
Kosovo: Prishtina and five judicial districts
![Page 8: TEMPORARY COURTS, PERMANENT RECORDS Trudy Huskamp Peterson October 2007.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081007/56649e005503460f94ae8bc2/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Physical Types of Records
• Paper (official record):• Electronic tracking
systems:• Electronic document
management systems: • Websites:
• Audio and video of court sessions:
• Still photographs, audio and video evidence:
• Architectural records:• Objects as evidence:
• All• All except East Timor
panels• ICTY, ICTR, SCSL
• ICTY, ICTR, SCSL, prosecutor in East Timor
• ICTY, ICTR, SCSL
• All
• SCSL• All
![Page 9: TEMPORARY COURTS, PERMANENT RECORDS Trudy Huskamp Peterson October 2007.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081007/56649e005503460f94ae8bc2/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Some Records Issues
VolumeDuplicationQuantity of confidential
informationSecurity
![Page 10: TEMPORARY COURTS, PERMANENT RECORDS Trudy Huskamp Peterson October 2007.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081007/56649e005503460f94ae8bc2/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
National and International Perspectives
Court recordsProsecutors’ records Investigators’ recordsDetention recordsFiles of judgesRecords of defense counselsInternational experiences: International Military
Tribunal – GermanyInternational experiences: International Military
Tribunal – Far East
![Page 11: TEMPORARY COURTS, PERMANENT RECORDS Trudy Huskamp Peterson October 2007.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081007/56649e005503460f94ae8bc2/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Potential Users
Victims, surrogates, heirsCivic activistsGovernment officialsLegal researchers; defense counselAcademic researchersMediaCourt planners
![Page 12: TEMPORARY COURTS, PERMANENT RECORDS Trudy Huskamp Peterson October 2007.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081007/56649e005503460f94ae8bc2/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
What Records Users Say They Want
![Page 13: TEMPORARY COURTS, PERMANENT RECORDS Trudy Huskamp Peterson October 2007.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081007/56649e005503460f94ae8bc2/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Joinet Principles 1997
• Preserve archives “bearing witness to violations” of human rights
• Establish categories of access (victims, relatives, persons implicated, historical researchers)
• Use balancing test between access and privacy
![Page 14: TEMPORARY COURTS, PERMANENT RECORDS Trudy Huskamp Peterson October 2007.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081007/56649e005503460f94ae8bc2/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Administering Access Policy
• Clear policy statement, screening, periodic reviews
• Make public existence of records and restrictions
• Equal access; release to one member of public is release to all
• Passage of time obviates need for restriction
![Page 15: TEMPORARY COURTS, PERMANENT RECORDS Trudy Huskamp Peterson October 2007.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081007/56649e005503460f94ae8bc2/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Problem of Placement I
• Goals– Foster Research– Provide consistent reference service– Conserve resources
![Page 16: TEMPORARY COURTS, PERMANENT RECORDS Trudy Huskamp Peterson October 2007.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081007/56649e005503460f94ae8bc2/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Problem of Placement II
• Single location or many
• Competing claims
• Single location– New York– Geneva– The Hague
![Page 17: TEMPORARY COURTS, PERMANENT RECORDS Trudy Huskamp Peterson October 2007.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081007/56649e005503460f94ae8bc2/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Problem of Placement III
• Service to researchers
• Access through duplicate copies
![Page 18: TEMPORARY COURTS, PERMANENT RECORDS Trudy Huskamp Peterson October 2007.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081007/56649e005503460f94ae8bc2/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Responsibilities for an international judicial archives
• UN must embrace its responsibility for the records
• States need to support and fund
• NGOs and other concerned bodies should participate in the creation and maintenance of the archives