Lecture # 22 Audition, Audacity & Sound Editing Sound Representation.
Temporal processing Representation of the temporal characteristics of sound.
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Transcript of Temporal processing Representation of the temporal characteristics of sound.
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Temporal processingRepresentation of the temporal
characteristics of sound
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Temporal variation in sound carries important information
QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
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Different measures of temporal processing mature at different rates Gap detection Duration discrimination Forward and backward masking Temporal modulation transfer function
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Gap detection
Time (ms)
Lev
el (
dB
)
Time (ms)
Lev
el (
dB
)
Interval 1 Interval 2
Which one had a gap?
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Gap detection for infants
Time (ms)
Lev
el (
dB
)
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Adult gap detection depends on frequency
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Gap detection by infants: Werner et al. (1992)
Frequency (Hz)
Leve
l (dB
)
Time (ms)
Lev
el (
dB
)
Time (ms)
Lev
el (
dB
)
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Gap detection by infants: Werner et al. (1992)
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Gap detection by children: Irwin et al. (1985)
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Gap detection by children: Wightman et al. (1988)
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Detecting gaps between Gaussian shaped tone bursts
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Gap detection between Gaussian shaped tone bursts
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Summary of gap detection
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Duration discrimination
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Susceptibility to adaptation
Adaptation
Recovery
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Susceptibility to adaptation
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Forward masking as a measure of susceptibility to adaptation
Adaptation
Recovery
TimeAm
plitu
de
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Forward masking: Infants
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Forward masking: Children
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Backward masking
TimeAm
plitu
de
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Backward masking: Infants
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
15 25 35 45 55 65 75 85 95
p(C
)
Level (dB SPL)
Infants
Adults
Infant unmaskedthreshold
adult unmaskedthreshold
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Backward masking: Children
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Amplitude modulation: frequency and depth
-1.5
-1
-0.5
0
0.5
1
1.5
0 0.05 0.1 0.15Time (s)
-2
-1.5
-1
-0.5
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
0 0.05 0.1 0.15
-1.5
-1
-0.5
0
0.5
1
1.5
0 0.05 0.1 0.15
-2
-1.5
-1
-0.5
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
0 0.05 0.1 0.15
10 Hz10 Hz
20 Hz
100%, 0 dB 25%, -12 dB
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Temporal modulation transfer function
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TMTF: Infants
0
-5
-10
-15
-20
-25
1 10 100 512
Mod
ulat
ion
dept
h, 2
0 lo
g m
(dB
)
Modulation frequency (Hz)
adults
3-month-olds6-month-olds
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TMTF: Children
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Summary of results on different measures Gap detection: mature at 6 years Duration discrimination: mature at 10 years Forward masking: mature at 6 months Backward masking: mature at 11 years TMTF: mature at 4 years (3 months?)
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SummaryThere doesn’t seem to be one age at
which all sorts of temporal processing are mature
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Possible additional contributors to immature temporal processing Intensity resolution Memory Confusion Decision strategy