Temperature, Heat, and Laws of Thermodynamics
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Transcript of Temperature, Heat, and Laws of Thermodynamics
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Temperature, Heat, and Laws of Thermodynamics
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Kinetic Energy Tie In• There were _______ main types of
kinetic energy that we went over. • __________ KE• __________ KE• __________ KE• __________ KE
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• _________ KE is when an object is moving forward. • _________ KE is when an object is
spinning. • _________ KE is when the parts of
something are moving together.• _________ KE is when an object is
moving in a repetitive back and forth motion, like _______.
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• __________ and ________ KE happen on a _________ scale. • The ______ object moves from point A to
point B. We covered most of that in the first half of the unit. • _________ KE happens on a smaller
scale. • _________ KE happens mostly on a
microscopic or molecular level.
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• We’ll mostly be looking at _______ KE for the rest of the unit.
• ___________ is the measure of average kinetic energy of matter.
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Temperature• We can say _________ is a measure of
an object’s _______ or _______. • It is ______ a measure of heat. But it
can be used as an indicator of heat or internal energy.
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• The ________ the molecules are vibrating and moving, the ________ the object feels. • This gives it a ________ temperature. • The ________ the molecules are vibrating
and moving, the _______ the object feels. • This gives it a ________ temperature. • TL;DR – The _________ the _________ are
moving, the _________ the temperature.
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• Another factor for temperature is how ______ the molecules are together.
• Think about what happens during a ______ or ______ drill here at the school, or in your _______ classrooms.
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• The _______ the molecules, the more they’ll ________ _______ each other. • That ________ molecular friction and
makes the temperature _________. • The _______ _______ the molecules,
the ______ they’ll _______. • That ________ molecular friction, and
makes the temperature _________
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States of Matter• ______ have the most KE. They move
freely and randomly. • Because they have more space to move,
these molecules move with 100% _________ KE. • ______ are in between ______ and _______.• ______ have the least KE. The molecules
are crammed very close together. • ______ molecules move with 100% ________
KE.
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Measuring Temperature• We measure temperature with _______
different scales• ____________• ____________• ____________
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Fahrenheit• ºF is the __________ ________ unit for
measuring temperature. • Began by filling the thermometer
with _______. • ºF can be ________ or _________. • Freezing point of water: __________.• Boiling point of water: __________.
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Celsius• ºC is the _______ unit of measuring
temperature. • Based off of thermometers filled with
_______.• ºC can be ________ or _________. • Freezing point of water: _________• Boiling point of water: ________
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Kelvin• K (NEVER ºK) is the _________ unit of
measuring temperature. • K uses the same increments as ________.• K measures the _________ of the
__________.• __________ ________ - no molecular
vibration. This is 0 K. • ______ has ever hit absolute zero. Even
the _______ of _______ has 2.3 K.
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Examples of Temperature
Kelvin Celsius Fahrenheit
Surface of temp of Sun 5800 K 5537ºC 9,999ºF
Boiling point temp of H2O 373 K 100ºC 212ºFHuman body temp 310 K 37ºC 98.6ºFMelting point temp of H2O 273 K 0ºC 32ºFZero Fahrenheit 255 K -18ºC 0ºFAbsolute Zero 0 K -273ºC -459ºF
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Conversions!• Celsius and
Fahrenheit• Celsius to Kelvin
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Heat• The ________ of internal energy from
one object to another. • _________ be directly measured. • Indicates __________ _________.• Temperature going down? Losing
energy = ______ in heat. • Temperature going up? Gaining
energy = ______ in heat.
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Internal Energy• Internal Energy = the energy within
the _______ of the _______ in the object. • Examples: •Chemical PE that could be released during _______.•KE of individual _________ moving.
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Heat and Energy Transfer• When objects interact, there are
_______ types of heat transfer that can occur. • _____________• _____________• _____________
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Conduction• Conduction – transfer of energy/heat
by ________ or ________.• This energy passes through matter
because of ________ to ________ vibration.• Most affective through __________.
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Radiation• Transfer of energy from ________
passing through ______ or ________.• All ________ has energy.• We cannot see all forms of light. We
can’t see gamma, x-ray, UV, infrared, microwave, or radiowaves.
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Convection• Transfer of energy that
happens in ________ ________.
• Occurs in _______ and ________.
• Warm air is ________ dense than cold air, and this makes the warm air _______. As it gives off energy, it becomes ______ dense and sinks.
• Think about _________!
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Insulators• Materials that _______ or _______
transfer of energy. • Examples!• ___________________________________• ___________________________________• ___________________________________• ___________________________________• ___________________________________
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Conductors• Materials that _______ transfer energy
easily. • Examples!• _________________________________________• _________________________________________
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Thermodynamic Equilibrium• If two or more objects are _________
and are the ________ temperature, the energy transfer between them is ________.
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Laws of Thermodynamics• There are ____ laws of
thermodynamics.• The laws explain ______ energy will
move. They do not explain ______ the energy moves.
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0th Law of Thermodynamics• If ______ or more objects are in
contact with each other and are the same temperature, they are at ____________ ______________.
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1st Law of Thermodynamics• When heat energy is ________ to
matter, the total heat added to the matter ________ the internal energy of the matter minus the ______ it preformed.
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2nd Law of Thermodynamics• Energy moves _______ the energy
gradient. So energy will move toward where there is _____ energy: i.e., ______ energy will move toward _______.
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3rd Law of Thermodynamics• _________ ________ is a real number.
If anything is found at it, it will be a ________ ________ and will have NO energy transfer.
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Entropy • A measure of ________ or ________ in
molecules. • The more _________ something has,
the _______ entropy it has.