Temperature and Heat

CHAPTER

the BIG ideathe BIG idea

CHAPTER OUTLINE

Heat is a flow of energy due to temperature differences.

Temperature depends on particle movement.4.14.1

Energy flows from warmer to cooler objects.4.24.2

The transfer of energy as heat can be controlled.4.34.3

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4.14.1

SECTION OUTLINESECTION OUTLINE

Temperature depends on particle movement.

temperature

kinetic theory of matter

degree

thermometer

• Temperature is commonly measured on the Fahrenheit or Celsius scales.

• All particles in matter have kinetic energy.• Temperature is the measurement of the average

kinetic energy of particles in an object.

• Particles in a warmer substance have a greater average kinetic energy than particles in a cooler substance.

hot liquid cold liquidCHAPTERRESOURCESCHAPTERRESOURCES

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KEY CONCEPT CHAPTER HOME

4.14.1

SECTION OUTLINESECTION OUTLINE

Temperature depends on particle movement.

temperature

kinetic theory of matter

degree

thermometer

• Temperature is commonly measured on the Fahrenheit or Celsius scales.

• All particles in matter have kinetic energy.• Temperature is the measurement of the average

kinetic energy of particles in an object.

• Particles in a warmer substance have a greater average kinetic energy than particles in a cooler substance.

VISUALIZATION

Explore how temperature affects the speed of particles.

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KEY CONCEPT CHAPTER HOME

Energy flows from warmer to cooler objects.4.24.2

SECTIONOUTLINESECTIONOUTLINE

thermal energy

heat

joule

calorie

• Heat is a transfer of energy from an object at a higher temperature.

• Energy is transferred from the warmer lemonade to the cold ice through heat.

• Different materials require different amounts of energy to change temperature.

ice

heat

specific heat

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Types of Energy Transfer

4.34.3

SECTIONOUTLINESECTIONOUTLINE

The transfer of energy as heat can be controlled.

conductor

conduction

insulator

convection

radiation

• Different materials are used to control the transfer of energy.

• Energy can be transferred by conduction, convection, and radiation.

• Continues until object temperatures are equal

Conduction

• Energy transferred by direct contact

• Energy flows directly from warmer object to cooler object

• Can occur within one object

• Cycle occurs while temperature differences exist

Convection

• Occurs in gases and liquids

• Movement of large number of particles in same direction

• Occurs due to difference in density

• Can transfer energy through empty space

Radiation

• Energy transferred by electromagnetic waves such as light, microwaves, and infrared radiation

• All objects radiate energy

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4.34.3

SECTIONOUTLINESECTIONOUTLINE

The transfer of energy as heat can be controlled.

conductor

conduction

insulator

convection

radiation

• Different materials are used to control the transfer of energy.

• Energy can be transferred by conduction, convection, and radiation.

SIMULATION

Identify examples of conduction, convection, or radiation.

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VOCABULARY

KEY CONCEPT CHAPTER HOME

I. Temperature depends on particle movement.

A. All matter is made of moving particles.

4.14.1

KEY CONCEPTSUMMARYKEY CONCEPTSUMMARY

Temperature depends on particle movement.

1. The Kinetic Theory of Matter

2. Temperature and Kinetic Energy

1. Temperature Scales

B. Temperature can be measured.

2. Thermometers

temperature

kinetic theory of matter

degree

thermometer

3. Thermal Expansion

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II. Energy flows from warmer to cooler objects.

B. Some substances change temperature more easily than others.

4.24.2

KEY CONCEPTSUMMARYKEY CONCEPTSUMMARY

A. Heat is different from temperature.

Energy flows from warmer to cooler objects.

thermal energy

heat

joule

calorie

specific heat

1. Heat and Thermal Energy

2. Measuring Heat

1. Specific Heat

2. Specific Heat and Mass

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III. The transfer of energy as heat can be controlled.

A. Energy moves as heat in three ways.

2. Convection

4.34.3

KEY CONCEPTSUMMARYKEY CONCEPTSUMMARY

The transfer of energy as heat can be controlled.

3. Radiation

B. Different materials are used to control the transfer of energy.

conductor

conduction

insulator

convection

radiation

1. Conduction

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