14. Diferencias sexuales / de gnero y asimetra4.1. diferencias cerebrales anatmicas

Petalia & Yakovleviantorque. Noticeable protrusions of the hemispheres, anteriorly & posteriorly, are observed, as well as differences in the widths of the frontal (F) & occipital (O) lobes. These protrusions produce imprints on the inner skull surface, known as petalia. A twisting effect is also observed, known as Yakovlevian torque, in which structures surrounding the right Sylvian fissure are 'torquedforward' relative to their counterparts on the left. The left occipital lobe is also splayed across the midline & skews the interhemispheric fissure in a rightward direction. A related shape asymmetry is also commonly observed in the occipital horns of the lateral ventricles: these tend to project more deeply into the occipital lobes on the left than on the right.

4.2. diferencias funcionales - activaciones

Distribution of activated areas displayed on transparent brain hemispheres in women (top) and men (bottom) during passive listening to stories, as compared with the activation during listening to the reverse replay of the same stories.

Neuroscience Research, December 2001, Imaging studies on sex differences in the lateralization of language - Kenji Kansaku & Shigeru Kitazawa

HOMBRES

MUJERES

IZQUIERDO

DERECHO

Language. J. Lurito asked female and male volunteers to listen to a novel. He mapped what areas of the brain "lit up" while they were listening. Women use both the right and left hemispheres in processing language; men use only the left hemisphere. Phillips, Lowe, Lurito, Dzemidzic & Matthews. Temporal lobe activation demonstrates sex-based differences during passive listening. Radiology, 220:202-207, 2001.

2En personas invidentes tambin podra producirse mayor simetra en la activacin cerebral durante el

procesamiento lingstico. Mente y Cerebro, 2004

4.3. diferencias en rendimiento cognitivo

Cerebro y Mente, 2004

Existen unas diferencias cognitivas de partida que empiezan condicionando, por ejemplo, la eleccin de los juguetes?Biologa (cerebro) vs. Aprendizaje (cultura)

Hormonas y eleccin de juguetes:http://www.dailymotion.com/video/x9a573_hormonas-y-eleccion-de-juguetes_school

3Diferencias de gnero: fluidez verbal

http://www.dailymotion.com/video/x99rk8_fluencia-verbal-diferencias-de-gene_school

Ejemplo de memoria para caras y su localizacin:http://www.dailymotion.com/video/x16ojun_memoria-facial-diferencias-de-genero_school

4

5Rotacin mental - Diferencias de genero:

http://www.dailymotion.com/video/x9a4yw_rotacion-mental-diferencias-de-gene_school

6Exposicin prenatal a la testosterona

There is a sex difference in the ratio of the length of the index finger divided by the length of the ring finger (2D:4D). The 2D:4D tends to be smaller in males than in females.This sex difference has been reported to be present in two year old children, which suggests that it is due to the effects of fetal androgen (testosterone)

NDICE------------ = mujeres > hombresANULAR

7Wikipedia, digit ratio, 2013

Redes hormonas y cerebro masculino/femenino (hasta minuto 3:30 aprox)http://www.dailymotion.com/video/x6ozh4_diferencias-de-genero-genes-y-hormo_school

Testosterona prenatal y dedo anularhttp://www.dailymotion.com/video/xc16yn_testosterona-prenatal-y-dedo-anular_school

Testosterona prenatal y preferencias juegos x gnerohttp://www.dailymotion.com/video/xc3r7i_testosterona-prenatal-y-preferencia_school

Science 2005 - Sex Differences in the Brain: Implications for Explaining Autism

Simon Baron-Cohen, R.C. Knickmeyer, M.K. Belmonte

Empathizing is the capacity to predict and to respond to the behavior of agents (usually people) by inferring their mental states and responding to these with an appropriate

emotion. Systemizing is the capacity to predict and to respond to the behavior of nonagentive deterministic systems by analyzing input-operation-output relations and

inferring the rules that govern such systems females are stronger empathizers and males

are stronger systemizers. The "extreme male brain" theory posits that autism represents an extreme of the male pattern (impaired empathizing and enhanced systemizing).

Los cerebros ms masculinos y el autismo La teora de Baron-Cohen de exposicin prenatal a la testosterona

82.3. Estimulacin transcranealmagntica

9Redes: estimulacin transcraneal magnticaPascual Leonehttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G-U9jmhALCEDemostracin desde aprox min 11

Estimulacin magntica transcreaneal y neurociruga (Ibiricu & Morales, 2009)La EMT puede utilizarse para la evaluacin preoperatoria de reas especficas del cerebro. Antes del procedimiento quirrgico es necesario identificar el hemisferio dominante, localizar las reas del lenguaje o las reas motoras. La combinacin de EMT y la resonancia magntica funcional pueden ayudar en dichas localizaciones.La EMT repetitiva de alta frecuencia sobre el hemisferio dominante puede inducir un stop del habla que ayuda a localizar las reas relacionadas con el lenguaje. La correlacin de estos resultados con los del amobarbital intracarotdeo (test de Wada) es alta...

Interferencia del lenguaje ingls. Pero no al cantar

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XJtNPqCj-iA