TelosB Charging and Energy Meter Kit(Dec1201) Group Leader: Tomas Mullins Communicator: Casey Liebl...
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Transcript of TelosB Charging and Energy Meter Kit(Dec1201) Group Leader: Tomas Mullins Communicator: Casey Liebl...
www.seniord.ece.iastate.edu/dec1201
TelosB Charging and Energy Meter Kit(Dec1201)
Group Leader: Tomas MullinsCommunicator: Casey LieblWebmaster: Shiya LiuTeam Members: Andrew Gurik & Qiao Huang Advisor: Dr. Daji Qiao
www.seniord.ece.iastate.edu/dec1201
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Problem Statement
TelosB Charging/Metering Kit
Power from 3 sources
Charge AA or AAA Batteries
NiMH or Alkaline
Monitor Current, Voltage, & Power
Deliverables 3 Fully Functional Kits
Complete Design and Testing Documentation
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TelosB
Wireless Sensor Module
Low Power
For Experimentation/Research
Open Source Operating System - TinyOS
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Powercast Receiver
Remote Wireless Power
For Low Power Applications
40-45 Foot Range
Maximum 4.2V
100mA
http://www.powercastco.com/products/powerharvester-receivers/
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Sundance Solar
Small Solar Panel
For Low Power Applications
4V produced by solar panels
3.5V output after protection diode
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Batteries
NiMH (Nickel-Metal Hydride) 1.2 Volts per Cell Charges at 1.4 Volts
Alkaline 1.5 Volts per Cell Charges at 1.65 Volts
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Big Picture
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Users & Uses
iCube Sensors Lab EE 423: Communication Systems Laboratory CprE 546: Wireless and Sensor Networks CprE 454/ComS 554: Distributed and Network
Operating Systems
For Research of Energy Replenishment for Wireless Sensor Networks
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Requirements
The entire system must keep power consumption to a minimum
The device must be able to receive inputs from USB, a Sundance Solar charger, or a Powercast Receiver
Must sample power usage every 0.1 seconds
A computer must display the real time data points and store the data
At least an 8 bit ADC resolution on voltage measurements 0-3 Volts
Output the readings to the TelosB device or PC via USB
The size of the device must be limited to 2 AA plus 2 AAA batteries and about 1 inch tall
The system should be neatly integrated
The device could have a sturdy packaging solution
Functional Non-functional
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Additional Information
Constraints: Production costs ($500 max for three devices at $100 per
unit) Time: Device must be working by December 2012
Potential Risks: Power Consumption Over-charging Batteries Over-voltage on TelosB Battery life of removable batteries
Market Research: The market has many options for wireless sensors with a
charging kit. Many of these devices do not have metering kits for voltage, current and power.
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Design Decomposition
TelosB Charging & Metering Kit
Charging
Smart Charger
Batteries
Provides Power
Metering
Measures Voltage via
ADC
Calculates Current
Calculates Power
Microcontroller
ADC
Controls Circuit
Reports via USB
Regulator
Maintain Voltage
Protection
Overcharging
Overvoltage
Back Current
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Functional Block Diagram
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Circuit Diagram
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Microcontroller Justifications
MSP430
Pros•Low Power Consumption
•USB Interface•Small Size•Inexpensive
Cons•Expensive Test Board
•QFN Package
PIC
Pros•Low Power Consumption
•USB Interface•DIP Package
Cons•Larger Size•Slightly More Expensive
Arduino
Pros•User Friendly•Powerful System•USB Interface
Cons•Higher Power Consumption
•Expensive•Complex System•Large Size
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Diode Justifications
Traditional
Pros• Inexpensive•Low Leakage Current
Cons•High Voltage Drop
Germanium
Pros•Low Voltage Drop
Cons•Expensive•Difficult to Find•Temperature Sensitive
•High Leakage Current
Schottky
Pros•Low Voltage Drop
Cons•Expensive•Higher Leakage Current
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Regulator Justifications
DiodePros• Inexpensive• Simple
Cons• High Power
Consumption
LM317
Pros• Easy to Implement• Provides
overvoltage protection
• Good Voltage Control
Cons• Expensive
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Regulator Testing
2
2.12
52.
25
2.37
52.
5
2.62
52.
75
2.87
5 3
3.12
53.
25
3.37
53.
5
3.62
53.
75
3.87
5 4
4.12
4999
9999
9999
4.25
4.37
54.
5
4.62
4999
9999
9999
4.75
4.87
5 50
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
LM317 Vout vs. Vin
Vin(Volts)
Vou
t(V
olt
s)
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Cost
DESCRIPTION QTYUNIT PRICE
TOTAL PRICE
Schottky Diode 10 3.36 33.60USB connector 3 1.48 4.44Battery chassis 3 0.94 2.82PIC microcontroller 3 2.8 8.4
TOTAL COST 49.26
*All other parts available from the Electronics Shop
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Hours Consumed for Spring Semester
Name Total Hours
Tomas Mullins 28
Casey Liebl 27
Qiao Huang 27
Andrew Gurik 30
Shiya Liu 28
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Implementation Plan
Program Microcontroller
Build Circuit on Breadboard
Test Circuit
Build Circuits on Printed Circuit
Boards
Final Testingwww.seniord.ece.iastate.edu/dec1201
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Schedule
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Questions?
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Scenario A: Power Source Connected, Charging Batteries,
Reporting to TelosB
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Scenario B: Power Source Connected, Charging Batteries,
Reporting to PC
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Scenario C: Power Source Connected, Not Charging Batteries,
Reporting to TelosB
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Scenario D: Power Source Connected, Not Charging Batteries,
Reporting to PC
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Scenario E: No Power Source Connected, Reporting to TelosB
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Microcontroller Power Comparison
Implementation Currents
DeviceCurrent (mA)
TelosB Duty Cycle: 1% 1% 1% 10% 10% 10% 50% 50% 50% 100% 100% 100%uController Duty Cycle: 10% 50% 100% 10% 50% 100% 10% 50% 100% 10% 50% 100%
PIC
0.335 0.778 1.333 2.296 2.740 3.295 11.014 11.458 12.013 21.912 22.355 22.910MSP430 0.275 0.481 0.738 2.237 2.442 2.700 10.955 11.160 11.418 21.852 22.058 22.315
Difference: 0.060 0.298 0.595 0.060 0.298 0.595 0.060 0.298 0.595 0.060 0.298 0.595
2600 mAhLifetime - AA NiMH
DeviceLifetime (days)
TelosB Duty Cycle: 1% 1% 1% 10% 10% 10% 50% 50% 50% 100% 100% 100%uController Duty Cycle: 10% 50% 100% 10% 50% 100% 10% 50% 100% 10% 50% 100%
PIC 324 139 81 47 40 33 10 9 9 5 5 5MSP430 394 225 147 48 44 40 10 10 9 5 5 5
Difference: -70.249 -86.135 -65.516 -1.260 -4.818 -7.247 -0.054 -0.252 -0.470 -0.014 -0.065 -0.126
Current consumption:
Battery Life:
http://www.ti.com/mcu/docs/mcuorphan.tsp?contentId=61835&DCMP=MSP430&HQS=Other%2bOT%2bulp